MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: PRACTICE HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURE

UNIT CODE : 500311104
UNIT DESCRIPTOR : This unit covers the knowledge, skills and
attitudes in applying the basic housekeeping
procedures.

QUALIFICATION LEVEL: NC I
NOMINAL DURATION: 7 hrs.

LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY

Upon completion of this module, the trainee/student must be able to:

1. Maintain Work Areas Tools and Equipment

2. Follow standardized work process and Procedures

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 The basic procedures of 5S are demonstrated in the workplace.

 Removing and disposing of unnecessary items according to company or
office procedures are followed.
 Reusable and recyclable materials are sorted according to company/
office procedures.
 Items are arranged in accordance with company/office housekeeping
procedures
 Work area is arranged according to job requirements
 Activities are prioritized based on instructions.
 Items are provided with clear and visible identification marks based on
procedure
 Safety equipment and evacuation passages are kept clear and accessible
based on instructions
 Cleanliness and orderliness of work area is maintained in accordance
with company/office procedures
 Tools and equipment are cleaned in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions/manual
 Minor repairs are performed on tools and equipment in accordance with
manufacturer’s instruction/manual
 Defective tools and equipment are reported to immediate supervisor
o Commonly used materials are maintained in designated area
according to procedures.
o Work is performed according to standard work procedures, as per
instruction and according to occupational health and safety (OHS)
requirements
o Incidents are reported to immediate supervisor.
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 13. Material for common use are maintained in designated area based on
procedures.
14. Work is performed as per instruction.
15. Abnormal incidents are reported to immediate supervisor.
16. Company and office decorum are followed and complied with
 17. Work is performed in accordance with occupation health and safety
(OHS)

CONDITION:
1. Writing materials (pens and paper)
2. References (books)
3. Modules
4. Learning elements

METHODOLOGIES:
1. Discussion
2. Lecture
3. Reportorial
Modular

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Written exam/test
Practical/performance test

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 HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE

Welcome to the Module: Practicing Housekeeping Procedures. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Practice Housekeeping Procedures” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for Plumbing NC I. It is one of the
Core Modules at National Certificate Level I (NC I ).

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to

complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome there
are Information Sheets, Resource Sheets and Reference Materials for further
reading to help you better understand the required activities. Follow these
activities on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning
outcome. Get the answer key from your instructor and check your work
honestly. If you have questions, please don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for
assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this
module because you have:

 been working for someone

 already completed training in this area

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a particular
skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so you
won’t have to do the same training again. If you have qualifications or
Certificates of Competency from previous trainings, show them to your trainer.
If the skills you acquired are still relevant to this module, they may become
part of the evidence you can present for RPL.

At the end of this learning material is a Learner’s Diary, use this diary to record
important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist
you in providing further details to your trainer or assessors. A Record of
Achievement is also provided for your trainer to complete once you completed
the module.

This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, in Practicing Housekeeping Procedures. This will be source of
information for you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this particular trade
independently and your own pace with minimum supervision or help from your
instructor.

In doing the activities to complete the requirements of this module, please be

guided by the following:

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 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training
under this module. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections that cover all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully
complete.

 Work through all information and complete the activities in each section.
Read the information sheets and complete the self-checks provided in this
module.

 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/She
is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things. Ask for
help.

 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider
when you are completing the activities and it is important that you listen
and take notes.

 You will be given plenty of opportunities to ask questions and practice on

the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shifts.
This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also your
confidence.

 Talk to more experienced work mates and ask for their guidance.

 Use self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own
progress.

 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities
outlined in this module.

As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer keeps feedback/pre-assessment reports for this reason. When
you have completed this learning material and feel confident that you have had
sufficient knowledge and skills, your trainer will arrange an appointment with
a registered assessor to assess you. The results of the assessment will be
recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.

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Learning Experiences

Learning Outcome 1: Maintain Work Areas Tools and Equipment

Learning Outcome 2: Follow standardized work process and Procedures

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Reading Activity 1
Read:
Information Sheet 1: Principles of 5S
and Work Processes and Procedures
Self Check 1
Submit answer sheet to trainer
Reading Activity 2
Read:
Information Sheet 2 Safety signs and
symbols and General Occupational Health
and Safety Principles and Legislation
Self Check 2
Do Self Check 2
Check your work with the answer sheet.
Reading Activity 3
Read:
Information Sheet 3: Environmental
requirements relative work safety
Reading Activity 4
Read:
Information Sheet 4: Accident/hazard
reporting
Procedures

INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-1

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 PRINCIPLES OF 5S

What is 5S?
5S is a systematized approach to organize work areas, keep rules and
standards, and maintain the discipline needed to do a good job.

It utilizes workplace organization and work

simplification techniques to make work easier,
faster, cheaper, safer and more effective.

The practice of 5S develops positive attitude among

workers and cultivates an environment of
efficiency, effectiveness and economy.

LEAN 5S PROGRAM BENEFITS

Benefits to be derived from implementing a lean 5S program include:

 Improved safety
 Higher equipment availability
 Lower defect rates
 Reduced costs
 Increased production agility and flexibility
 Improved employee morale
 Better asset utilization
 Enhanced enterprise image to customers, suppliers, employees, and
management

The Basic Concepts of 5s

Many time people understand 5S as simply cleaning. It will be a mistake to

limit our notion of this program to merely cleaning. This will be true if we
consider the word clean as not only well kept or no dusts and dirt but also
comfortable and healthy. 5S is not simply a matter of cleaning up. This even
includes the psychological effects to persons in the clean place.

5S of Good Housekeeping

 Take out unnecessary material and dispose.

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  No unnecessary or private property on your working area.
 Designate a place for discard.
 Arranged necessary tools and equipment in good order.
 Provide a “HOME” for each tool.
 Clean your workplace.
 Workers must be clean and will organized.
 Establish observation control points.
 Treat workplace as second home.

WHY IMPLEMENT 5S IN SCHOOLS/TRAINING CENTERS?

Makes school/training center areas more pleasant

We spend a great deal of time in our learning area.

Do we want to wake up every morning to go to school reluctantly simply
because we cannot stand a dirty and unsightly learning environment Well, if
our learning environment is spic and span, we will likely look forward to going
to school.

By following the 5S habits, we produce a clean, safe and conducive learning

environment which reflects on the personnel, teachers and students of the
school as a whole. We become more learning-focused and less distracted in the
absence of unsightly surroundings.

It is the responsibility of the school management to train its personnel

and teachers, as well as the student’s conducive learning within the school
such that good housekeeping becomes everybody’s habit.

Through the frequent application of the 5S principles in daily activities, school

personnel, teachers and students become more aware of their own attitudes
and habits.

Benefits of 5S

 Improves safety

The 5S approach works easily and quickly. You don’t need to wait for an
accident or problems to happen. With 5S you begin to eliminate unsafe
conditions.

 Enhances creativity

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Aside from doing housekeeping, teachers and students become more creative.
They think of ways to beautify their learning areas, like maximizing space and
putting the necessary school items in order.
 Enhances work efficiency

Do we get annoyed every time we cannot find our materials / documents? Do

we know how much time we spend looking around for a particular document/
file? Let’s just imagine this: If everything in our learning area is put in its
proper place and is easily available for use, our learning flow will be very
smooth.

 Leads to quality services and higher productivity

Services delivered in a clean and well-organized environment tend to be of

better quality. In a school where 5S is seriously practiced, the frequency of
poor service delivery is relatively lower than in a disorganized school.
Productivity will therefore be higher, in effect benefiting everyone in the end.

 Improves teamwork among the school personnel, teachers and

students

5S activities encourage school personnel, teachers and students to work

together. They bring them together for a common goal. 5S establishes a sense
of ownership. You can take pride in a 5S school.

Waste management disposal procedures and waste practices

Garbage Disposal

Garbage – The term is also used to describe all products discarded, regardless
of their reusability or recyclability.

 Remove garbage as soon as possible.

 Put garbage in containers that are durable, leak proof, easily cleanable,
and pest and water proof.
 Provide enough containers and dumpsters to hold all garbage between
pick-ups.
 Regularly clean and sanitize containers.

Solid Waste Management

Solid waste dry, bulky trash, such as glass, bottles, plastic wrappers and
containers, paper bags and cardboard boxes.

 Use pulpers or grinders to cut solid wastes into small process that are
flushed away with water.
 Use mechanical compactors to compress cans or cartons.
 Practice source reduction, decreasing the amount of materials received
and disposed.
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  Recycle items such as paper, cardboard, glass, aluminum, and used oil.
Check laws and programs for storing and hauling recyclable.

Some rules in the maintenance of equipment, tools and materials:

a. Better organized storage, if in doubt, take it out (sort, systematize and

sweep.)
b. Provide a home for each tool and work item (systematize)
c. Avoid placing materials on the floor (systematize and sweep)
d. The more you use it, the closer it should be (sanitize)
e. Make your equipment easy to move to where it is needed.
f. Follow preventive maintenance procedures in equipment manuals.
g. Perform basic preventive maintenance schedule.
h. Clean and lubricate tools after using.
i. Conduct regular maintenance (standardize and self-discipline).
j. Store tools and equipment safely in appropriate locations in accordance
with manufacturer’s specification (Standardize and self-discipline).

SELF-CHECK 4.1-1

A. Direction: Select the best answer from the given choices.

_______ 1. It means taking out of unnecessary items and disposing properly.

a. Seire b. Seiton c. Seiso d. Seiketsu

_______ 2. Which of the 5S in good housekeeping allow us to do thing

spontaneously without being told or ordered?
a. Seire b. Seiton c. Seiketsu d. Shitsuke

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_______ 3. Which of the following best explained the term seiketsu?
a. Sort b. Standardize c. Sweep d. Systmatize

________4. Provide a home for each tool.

a. Seiton
b. Seiri
c. Seiso
d. Shitsuke

_______ 5. What is 5S?

a. A systematized approach to organize work areas.
b. Good housekeeping
c. Making things in order
d. All of the above

A. Essay
1. What is 5S?
2. Give at least five principles of 5S.
3. What are the benefits of 5S?

SELF-CHECK 4.1-1

I.
1. a
2. c
3. a
4. b
5. b
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II. Essay

INFORMATION SHEET 4.2-1

Safety Sign and Symbols

SAFETY SYMBOLS AND THEIR MEANINGS

Safety signs can be a tricky business. Some

have words and a clear message, while many
rely on visual symbols to warn of potential
danger. This is also an effective way to
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communicate potential hazards – as long as workers understand what the
symbols mean.

There are two different types of safety symbols: one refers to general safety
protocols, while the other is used specifically for labeling chemicals that may
be hazardous. Since most workplaces have a combination of both, it’s
important to understand each of them.

Why Use Safety Symbols?

These pictures may not say a thousand words, but they are universally
recognized symbols that transcend language. No matter where you’re working,
you’ll be able to understand the potential hazards you face simply by looking at
the posted symbols.

The best occupational health and safety programs use a series of signs and
symbols to convey a complete message. For example, a hazardous gas symbol
may alert workers to the potential presence of a harmful gas. But an
accompanying sign mandating the use of a gas mask takes it a step further by
telling workers how to handle the hazard.

Signs and symbols are no substitute for training, but they do serve as
important reminders. They can be particularly helpful for workers who are not
familiar with a specific area or process. A simple sign with a safety symbol

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allows workers to efficiently identify the potential hazard and make an
immediate decision.

4 Key Types of Safety Symbols

Most safety signs and symbols fall into one of four categories:

 Prohibition
 Warning
 Mandatory
 Emergency

Each category has its own specific colour and sign shape that remains
consistent around the world as per safety regulations.

By getting to know the key characteristics of each type of symbol, you’ll be able
to easily identify whether a sign is asking you to stop doing something, start
doing something, take precautions, or advising you of emergency equipment or
facilities.

SAFETY

Safety oh the job is a requirement often thought to the other person’s problem.
Each person however is ultimately responsible for his/her safety of well being.
Some will refer to safety rules in a light hearted way saying “rules are made to
be broken”, but safety rules have been instituted and enforce for the purpose
protecting individual from accidental injury. Always keep in mind that
carelessness can result in harmful accidents.

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GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Accidents do happen in the workshop. It is essential to observe safety practices

to prevent accidents. Most equipment and tools in the workshop are
dangerous, so it is essential that you take safety measures when you are using
them.

It is important to keep the workshop tidy, a tidy place is usually a safe place.
Keep all materials, machines and tools in their proper places to avoid
accidents. The floor should always be tidy.

Safety practices should be observe to prevent potential dangers in the

workplace and safety signs and symbols should be followed.

SIGNS AND TAGS

Signs are not to be considered as the final step to be taken against hazards.
Whenever possible, the hazards are to be eliminated.

Classification of Safety Signs:

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1. General:
o Signs and symbols required by this section must be visible at all
times when work is being performed and shall be removed or
covered promptly when the hazards no longer exist.

2. Danger Signs:

Danger signs must be used only where an

immediate hazard exists.

Danger signs must have red as the predominant color for

the upper panel, black outline on the borders and a white
lower panel for additional sign wording.

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1. Caution Signs:


Caution signs shall be used only to warn against
potential hazards or to caution against unsafe
practices.
 Caution signs shall have yellow as the predominant
color, black upper panel and borders, yellow lettering
or "caution" on the black panel, and the lower yellow
panel for additional sign wording. Black lettering
shall be used for additional wording.

2. Safety Instruction Signs:

 Safety instruction signs, when used, must be white

with green upper panel and white letters to convey
the principal message. Any additional wording on
the sign shall be black letters on the white
background.

3. Directional Signs:

 Directional signs, other than automotive traffic

signs, must be white with a black panel and white
directional symbol. Any additional wording on the
sign shall be black letters on the white
background.

4. Exit Signs:

 Exit signs, when required, must be lettered in

legible red letters not less than 6 inches high on a
white field and the principal stroke of the letters
must be at least three fourths of an inch wide.

5. Traffic Signs:
o Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at
points of hazard.
o All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of State
employees and the public shall conform with the required
Standards.

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6. Laser Beam Warning Signs:

 A warning sign should be attached to laser equipment in a

conspicuous location indicating the potential eye hazard associated
with the laser and warning against looking into the primary beam
and at specular reflections. Such a warning sign might read:

DANGER - LASER LIGHT

DO NOT LOOK INTO PRIMARY LASER BEAM

7. Biological Hazard Symbol:

 The biological hazard warning symbol must be used to signify the

actual or potential presence of a biohazard and to identify
equipment, containers, rooms, materials or combinations thereof
which contain or are contaminated with viable hazardous agents.
 For the purpose of this standard the term "Biological Hazard" or
biohazard shall include only those infectious agents presenting a
risk or potential risk to the well-being of man.
 This symbol may be a fluorescent orange or orange red color with
the background color optional. Each sign shall have the appropriate
wording identifying the nature of the hazard involved, name of
individual responsible for its control and precautionary information.

3. Asbestos Signs:

 Caution labels are to be affixed to all raw materials, mixtures,

scrap, waste, debris and other products containing asbestos fibers,
or to their containers, except that no label is required where
asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating,
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 binder or other material so that during any reasonably foreseeable
use, handling, storage, disposal, processing or transportation, no
airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure
limits prescribed by OSHA Standards 29CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z.

The label shall state:

CAUTION
Contains Asbestos Fibers
Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause
Serious Bodily Harm

4. Chemical Carcinogen Signs:

 Entrances to regulated areas as defined in OSHA Standard

29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z shall be posted with signs
bearing the legend:

CANCER - SUSPECT AGENT

AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

 Containers shall have the warning words

"CANCER - SUSPECT AGENT" displayed
immediately under the contents
identification.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.2-1

Supply each question with the correct term which makes the sentence
complete.

1. Construction areas shall be posted with___________________ at

points of hazard.
2. Is important to keep the workshop _______ to have a safe place.
3. To be safe we should follow_______________ always.
4. It is essential to observe ______________ to prevent accidents.
5. _______________________ must be white with green upper panel
and white letters to convey the principal message.
6. Danger signs must have _________ as the predominant color.
7. A safety sign used to warn against potential hazards, which has
yellow as the predominant color. _____________
8. Safety signs and symbols must be ___________ at all times to be
free from potential hazards and dangers.
9. A safety sign with the wordings “Give Way” is classified as
________________.
10. Exit signs must be lettered in _______ red letters.

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 INFORMATION SHEET 4.3-1

Environmental Requirements Relative Work Safety

Work Safely

Safety and health in the workplace covers a wide range of activities. You'll find
information here on managing safety, hazards in different work environments
and general welfare considerations.

 Safety Management
 Hazards
 Health
 Welfare

Safety Statements

It is the duty of every employer” to provide systems of work that are planned,
organized, performed and maintained so as to be, so far as is reasonably
practicable, safe and without risk to health" A successful organization does not
come about by chance, but as a result of a system.  To get work done safely
you need a "safe system of work".  Safety is part of management.

A Safe and Healthy System of Work

What does right to safe and healthful conditions of work mean?

It means that the worker shall be assured of effective protection against the
danger of injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working
conditions.

"Health" and "Safety" are not separate issues.  Correct use of protective
clothing and equipment, for example may deal with both.  To develop a safe
system, think of aspects, whether dealing with people, animals, machines or
substances.

What is the minimum standard on safety and health in the workplace?

The OSH Standards provide that every company shall keep and maintain its
workplace free from work hazards that maintain its workplace free from work

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hazards that are likely to cause physical harm to the workers or damage to
property. Thus, the worker is entitled to be provided by the employer with:

 Appropriate seats, lighting and ventilation;

 Adequate passageways, exits and fire fighting equipment;
 Separate facilities for men and wome;
 Appropriate safety devices like protective gears, masks, helmets, safety
boots, coats or first-aid kits;
 Medicines, medical supplies or first-aid kits;
 Free medical and dental services and facilities.

Health

Would a worker know what might happen to his or her overalls or skin if they
were splashed with chemicals?

 Could poor design of working areas, poor posture or repetitive

movements lead to pain and soreness in a keyboard operator's arms for
instance?
 Is there any risk of animals transmitting diseases?
 What is the likely exposure when using a toxic solvent to clean a
machine? Can exposure be reduced by substitution or alterations to the
process?

Safety

 Would an electrician working near a roof covering in fragile materials

know of the danger unless told about it?
 What control methods or standards of housing would be required for the
safety of an animal, it‘s handler and the public, bearing in mind it‘s
behavior and temperament?
 Would there be any hazard if a machine or it‘s guard failed, or if the
operator chose to do the job in a different way?
 Is there any fire hazard from the use and storage of a cleaning chemical,
or from disposal of contaminated cloths?
 Health risks may be less obvious than safety risks but are just as
important.  Once you have identified the risks, a safe system will provide
adequate protection against them, and workers should be encouraged to
keep it

What other safety requirements should employers provide their

employees?

Employers must provide their employees with the following instruments and/or
working stations:

 Appropriate protective equipment and clothing such as overall head

coverings, goggles, gloves aprons and respirators;

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  A properly designed exhaust designed exhaust system and waste
disposal, local exhaust or general ventilation to keep toxic fumes or
gases;
 Adequate number of fire extinguishers in the workplace;
 Designated safe smoking and welding areas far from combustible,
flammable or explosive materials, containers filled with explosives or
flammable substances, and containers that have held explosives or
flammable materials;

What safety measures must be observed within the premises of

establishments?

Establishments must observe the following safety measures:

 Building premises shall have adequate fire, emergency or danger signs

and safety instructions of standard colors and sizes visible at all times;
 Other visible signs that may be needed to direct the driver of motorized
vehicle such as STOP, YIELD, and DO NOT ENTER, properly positioned
within the compound of the establishment shall be used to increase
safety especially during the night;
 Handicapped employees shall be restricted only to designated
workplaces. As far as practicable and feasible they shall be provided with
facilities they shall be provided with facilities for safe and convenient
movement within the establishment;
 Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times through cleanliness
of building, yards, machines, equipment, regular waste disposal, and
orderly arrangement of process operations, storage and filing materials;
 Adequate dressing rooms, locker rooms, comfort rooms and lavatories
separate for male and female workers shall be provided.

Checklist

Ask yourself some questions about the various jobs in your firm.

 Who is in charge of the job?

 Do their responsibilities overlap with those of anyone else?
 Is there anything which is not someone's responsibility?
 Are there any established safe ways of doing the job?
 Are there any relevant codes of practice or guidance notes?
 Are there safe working procedures laid down for the job?
 Can the job be made safe so protective clothing is not needed?
 Have people been instructed in the use and limitations of protective
clothing?
 Has anyone assessed whether equipment, tools or machines have the
capacity for the job?
 What will be the consequences if you are wrong?
 How will the person in charge deal with any problems?
 If things do go wrong, would your people know what to do?
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  Could emergency services get to the site?
 If the job cannot be finished today, can it be left in a safe state?   Are
clear instructions available for the next shift?
 Are your production people aware of what maintenance staff are doing,
and vice-versa?
 Is there a system for checking that jobs are done safely in the way
intended?

General Working Environment

Use these checklists to find out what facilities you may need to make the
workplace safe and healthy and to provide a reasonable standard of welfare for
workers and visitors alike.

Hygiene and Welfare

 separate toilets for each sex, marked appropriately

 toilets ventilated, kept clean, in working order and easily accessible
 ventilated space between toilet and any workroom
 wash basin with hot and cold (or warm) running water
 soap and towels (or electric hand dryer)
 barrier cream, skin cleansers and skin conditioning cream provided
where necessary
 waste bins (emptied daily)
 special hygiene precautions where necessary (eg showers, or long
 handled taps where food is handled)
 adequate provision for workers away from base
 drying space for wet clothes
 lockers or hanging space for work/home clothing
 clean drinking water supply – clearly marked
 Adequate facilities for taking food and drink, particularly for shift and
night-time workers, with wash-up sink and means of heating water.

Cleanliness

 premises, furniture and fittings kept clean

 good housekeeping to clear trade waste, dirt and refuse daily
 rubbish and food waste covered and regularly removed to keep premises
clear of pests
 regular cleaning up of spillages
 floors and steps washed or swept regularly
 internal walls and ceilings washed printed regularly

Floors and Gangways

 kept clean, dry and not slippery

 good drainage in wet processes
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  suitable footwear or working platforms provided where necessary
 ramps kept dry and with non-skid surfaces
 gangways and roadways well marked and kept clear
 level, even surfaces without holes or broken boards
 Floor load capacities posted in lofts, storage areas etc.
 salting/sanding and sweeping of outdoor routes during icy or frosty
conditions
 steps, corners and fixed obstacles clearly marked e.g. by black and
yellow diagonal stripes
 Floor openings, eg vehicle examination pits, kept covered when not in
use and the edges clearly marked.

Design for Health

 Seats and benches at a sensible height

 Seats of suitable design, construction and dimensions with a back rest
supporting  the small of the back and, if needed, a foot rest
 Machine controls and instruments  designed and arranged for best
control and posture
 Engineering controls, like local exhaust ventilation systems, to reduce
health risks from dangerous substances and noise
 Special tools and good design of working areas to reduce hand and
forearm injury caused by repetitive movements.

Lighting

 good general illumination with no glare

 regular cleaning and maintenance of lights and windows
 local lighting for dangerous processes and to reduce eye strain and
fatigue
 no flickering from fluorescent tubes (it can be dangerous with some
rotating machinery)
 adequate emergency lighting
 specially constructed fittings for flammable  or explosive atmospheres
e.g. during paint spraying
 Outside areas satisfactorily lit for work and access during hours of
darkness for security as well as safety.
 Light colored wall finishes to improve brightness, or darker colours to
reduce arc welding flash, for example.

A Safe Place to Work

 adequate space for easy movement and  safe machine adjustment

 no tripping hazards (trailing wires, etc)
 handholds or guardrails where people might fall from floor edges
 emergency provisions e.g. life belts/jackets for work near water; means of
escape from freezer rooms
 no glass, except ‘safety glass’, in spring doors and on busy gangways
 neat and tidy storage of tools

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  Furniture placed so that sharp corners don’t present a hazard to
passers-by.
 comfortable working temperature – usually above 17.5°C for sedentary
occupations
 suitable clothing in high or low temperatures (e.g. freezer rooms) or a
heated
 rest room (e.g. tyre changing premises)
 good ventilation (avoiding draughts) particularly in high humidity
 mechanical ventilation where fresh air supply is insufficient
 an easily read thermometer in the workroom
 heating systems should not give off fumes into the workplace
 noise levels controlled to reduce nuisance as well as damage to health
 heat stress reduced by controlling radiant heat (especially near head
level) and local ‘hot spots’
 rest areas (and arrangements to protect people from the discomfort of
tobacco smoke)
 Rest facilities for pregnant women and nursing mothers.

Safety Statements

Permits to Work

Simple instructions may be adequate for most jobs, but some - particularly
where the ordinary routine of work is broken - require an extra level of care. 
Maintenance activities or occasional working in confined spaces are examples.
Issuing a safe written procedure is good discipline, but when possible risks are
high, a formal permit system may be needed.

A "Permit to Work" states exactly what work is done and when, and which
parts are safe.  A responsible person should assess the work and check safety
at each stage.  The people doing the job should sign the permit to show that
they understand the hazards and necessary precautions.

People

Don‘t forget the needs of the individuals doing the job - for instance:

 People come in all shapes and sizes, with different capabilities and levels
of fitness;
 Protective gear, seating, working space and machinery guarding which is
suitable for each individual;
 Ability to work safely if they are affected by medication, drugs or alcohol,
or have recently suffered illness or injury;
 Ability to understand safety instructions, through difference of language
or culture;
 Appropriate methods, facilities or emergency procedures for those who
have partial sight, poor hearing or some other impairment e.g. epilepsy

Maintenance

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It‘s not only organization of the work which makes a safe system, it‘s also the
condition of the equipment, building or plant used.  All need to be properly
maintained.

Systems of maintenance range from daily inspections carried out by an

operator, through to full tests and examinations by a competent person, such
as an engineering surveyor from an insurance company.  It is good practice to
get the person carrying out any checks or maintenance to confirm the checks
performed and record and defects remedied.  A record card hanging on a
machine is useful for daily checks, a log book or computer records for more
detailed weekly inspections.

A written record should be kept following each visual inspection, thorough

examination or major repair or modification of the plant.  Some thorough
examinations and tests are required by law.  In these cases there is usually a
requirement for details to be recorded on a certificate or in a register.

Monitoring the System

You cannot rely on your systems always being right.  Review them periodically
to ensure changes in staff, materials, equipment, location or timing do not
introduce new hazards.

Check the system works by seeing that the rules and precautions not only deal
with all the risks, but are also being followed by those doing the work -
particularly if they are working outside 'normal hours' with less supervision
than usual.

Inspections are more effective if done systematically or regularly.  Record the

results so that progress or deterioration in standards can be assessed.  The
information you collect should provide you with knowledge about levels of
supervision, adequacy of training and the systems of work actually being
followed.  Does your safety statement reflect what is happening in practice?

Organize safety in the same way as you organize other systems. Delegate
responsibility only to capable people.  Get a report back about any unexpected
hazards encountered so that next time you can plan to deal with them.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.3-1

DIRECTION: Give the correct answer of the given questions.

1. To ensure safety and health in the workplace a system of work

should be provided. Who’s responsible for this?

2. What are the things to be provided by the employers to maintain

the
workplace free from hazard.

3. Give at least 5 ways OHS standards to keep floors free from

hazards.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

4. What safe written procedure should be secured by worker to let

them know the possible hazards and necessary precautions.

5. What safety measures should be maintained in the workplace?

(Give at least 5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

1. To ensure safety and health in the workplace a system of work

should be provided. Who’s responsible for this?
 Employer

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2. What are the things to be provided by the employers to maintain
the workplace free from hazard.

 Appropriate protective equipment and clothing such as overall

head coverings, goggles, gloves aprons and respirators;
 A properly designed exhaust designed exhaust system and
waste disposal, local exhaust or general ventilation to keep
toxic fumes or gases;
 Adequate number of fire extinguishers in the workplace;
 Designated safe smoking and welding areas far from
combustible, flammable or explosive materials, containers filled
with explosives or flammable substances, and containers that
have held explosives or flammable materials;

3. Give at least 5 ways OHS standards to keep floors free from

hazards.
 kept clean, dry and not slippery
 good drainage in wet processes
 suitable footwear or working platforms provided where
necessary
 ramps kept dry and with non-skid surfaces
 gangways and roadways well marked and kept clear

4. What safe written procedure should be secured by worker to let

them know the possible hazards and necessary precautions.

5. What safety measures should be maintained in the workplace?

(Give at least 5)
a. Hygiene and Welfare
b. lighting
c. Design for Health
d. Cleanliness
e. Floorways & Gangways

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 ANSWER KEY 4.3-1

3. To ensure safety and health in the workplace a system of work

should be provided. Who’s responsible for this?
 Employer

4. What are the things to be provided by the employers to maintain

the workplace free from hazard.

 Appropriate protective equipment and clothing such as overall

head coverings, goggles, gloves aprons and respirators;
 A properly designed exhaust designed exhaust system and
waste disposal, local exhaust or general ventilation to keep
toxic fumes or gases;
 Adequate number of fire extinguishers in the workplace;
 Designated safe smoking and welding areas far from
combustible, flammable or explosive materials, containers filled
with explosives or flammable substances, and containers that
have held explosives or flammable materials;

3. Give at least 5 ways OHS standards to keep floors free from

hazards.
 kept clean, dry and not slippery
 good drainage in wet processes
 suitable footwear or working platforms provided where
necessary
 ramps kept dry and with non-skid surfaces
 gangways and roadways well marked and kept clear

4. What safe written procedure should be secured by worker to let

them know the possible hazards and necessary precautions.

5. What safety measures should be maintained in the workplace?

(Give at least 5)
a. Hygiene and Welfare
b. lighting
c. Design for Health

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 d. Cleanliness
e. Floorways & Gangways

INFORMATION SHEET 4.4-1

Accident/Hazard Reporting Procedures

Incident reporting and recording accidents and injuries are recognized as an

important component in hazard control and accident prevention. The law
requires that all employers must keep a record of all work-related injuries,
illnesses, and dangerous occurrences. The workplace injury, illness and
incident reporting system has been prepared to standardize reporting
procedures in order to comply with legal requirements, and to provide
statistical information which will be useful in future hazard control and
accident prevention programs.
Definitions
 An accident is commonly used to describe an incident which has
resulted in an injury.
 An incident is any unplanned event resulting in or having the potential
for injury, ill health, damage or loss.
 A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms
of human injury or ill health.
“Dangerous event” means - An event caused by specified high risk plant, or
an event at a workplace caused by a workplace activity, if the event involves or
could have involved exposure of person’s to risk their health and safety
because of:

a) Collapse, overturning, failure or malfunction of, or damage to, an item

of
specified high risk plant: or

b) Collapse or failure of an excavation or of any shoring supporting an

excavation; or

c) Collapse or partial collapse of any part of a building or other structure;

or

d) Damage to any load bearing member or, or the failure of any brake,
steering device or other control device of, a crane, hoist, conveyor, lift or
escalator; or
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 e) Implosion, explosion or fire; or f) Escape, spillage or leakage of any
substance, including any hazardous material or dangerous goods; or

g) Fall or release from a height of any plant, substance or object; or

h) Damage to a boiler, pressure vessel or refrigeration plant; or

i) Uncontrolled explosion, fire or escape from gas or steam.

“Serious bodily injury” means – An injury to a person that causes:

a) The injured person’s death; or

b) The loss of a distinct part or an organ of the injured person’s body; or

c) The injured person to be absent from the person’s voluntary or paid

employment for more than 4 days.

“Work-caused illness” means –

a) An illness contracted by a person to which work, a workplace, a
workplace activity or specified high risk plant was a significant
contributing factor; or

b) The recurrence, aggravation, acceleration, exacerbation or

deterioration in
a person of an existing illness if work, a workplace, a workplace activity
or specified high risk plant was a significant contributing factor to the
recurrence, exacerbation or deterioration.

Injury Reporting

In the event of an injury the person involved should;

1. seek first aid or medical attention as required;

2. inform their supervisor as soon as possible;
3. Assist their supervisor in the investigation and reporting on the incident
or accident.

The Supervisor of the person(s) involved in the incident is required to;

1. ensure that any injured person is promptly attended to;

2. conduct an initial investigation into the cause of the incident;
3. Notify and liaise with the local Safety & Health Representative and line
management in relation to the incident.
4. Ensure that all serious injuries are properly reported to the concerned
office(s).

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Hazard Reporting

On identifying a hazard, staff must act as quickly as possible to eliminate it.

This may mean a simple alteration, substitution or removal of the hazard or
even talking to the people involved to enlighten them of their hazardous
practices.

Incident, injury and Hazard Investigation

The main aim of investigating incidents is to:

 Prevent similar incidents recurring in the future.

 Identify any new hazards.
 Identify and choose suitable controls.

Investigation should occur as soon as possible. The less time between an

incident and the investigation, the more accurate the information obtained.
While concern for an injured person shall take precedence over everything else,
when incidents involving injury or illness occur, early investigation is essential.

Information required when investigating an incident, injury or hazard includes:

 WHAT happened?
 HOW it happened?
 WHY it happened?

Investigations of incidents, injuries or hazards are not to be used as vehicles to

allocate BLAME. Successful incident investigation requires everyone's co-
operation to prevent possible recurrence in the future. Any suggestion that
blame allocation or 'scapegoating' is intended would jeopardize the
investigator's credibility and reduce the quality and accuracy of information
supplied.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.4-1

Check your mastery by answering the given questions below.

1. It is used to describe an incident which has resulted in an injury.
a) Accident c) illness
b) Injury d) hazard
2. Any unplanned event resulting or having the potential for damage or
loss.
a) Incident c) illness
b) Injury d) hazard
3. A situation where its potential for harm.
a) Accident c) illness
b)injury d) hazard
4. An event caused by specified high risk plant at a work place caused
by a work place activity.
a) accident c) hazard
b) Dangerous event d) dangerous place
5. A recording of all work-related injuries, illnesses and dangerous
occurrences required by law.
a)accident reporting procedure
b)hazard reporting procedure

B Give the correct answers of the following questions:

1. Aims of investigating incidents
2. Information required when investigating an incident.

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 ANSWER KEY 4.4-1

1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. A

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 2: FOLLOW STANDARD WORK PROCESSESS,AND

PROCEDURES

Learning Activity 1

Learning Steps Resources

1. Read: Work processes and 1. Information Sheet: Work

procedures processes and procedures

2. Self Check 1
2. Complete: Self Check 1
3. Information Sheet: The
3. Read: General OH & Principles Sentence

4. Complete: Self Check 2 4. Self Check 2

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 INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-2

Work processes and Procedures

Standard Work Procedures

One of the first steps in improving any manufacturing operation is identifying

the best way of performing a particular task, then developing a standard work
procedure for everyone to follow. A standard work procedure is the result of
organizing tasks in the best sequence of steps to make the best use of people,
equipment, tooling and materials. It’s not that we want to turn every worker
into a robot, but we do want everyone to follow recognized best practices.
Sometimes the best practice is a moving target (what is best today may not be
so tomorrow), so companies must understand the importance of continuous
improvement and make this an integral part of operating the business.

So why is it so important to have standard work procedures? Consider the

following.

 A standard work procedure is the best way to ensure performance

consistency. A documented standard increases the likelihood that results
will be consistent, which is critical to achieving a high quality product.
The standard serves as a road map. If we don’t have the road map, how
do we know how to get where we are going?

 Standardized work procedures make continuous improvement possible.

If everyone does things a different way, how can we ever expect to
improve a process? A standard conveys the expectation that everyone
works the same way. Standards do not have to be permanent. If someone
discovers a better way, that can then become the new standard.

 Standards allow us to measure performance fairly. When people work the

same way, performance expectations can be established. We can
establish a fair output rate and judge everyone by that rate. Without
standard work procedures, we could not establish legitimate
expectations, and managing the workforce would be difficult.

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  Standardized work increases the likelihood that all activities will be
carried out in a safe manner. Effective standards focus on safety, and
unsafe practices are formally eliminated from the process.

 Standardized work procedures are essential when training new

employees. It is challenging enough for a new employee to learn a job.
The process is made even more difficult if the new employee is shown
different techniques by different employees.

When trying to standardize a work procedure, we need to observe the process

and work with the people actually doing the job. It is important to ask a lot of
questions so we can understand the reasons (or perceived reasons) people are
doing things the way they are. This understanding is paramount in getting
workers to play an active role in establishing the best work procedures and,
ultimately, the most effective standards.

As we observe the process, we must identify those activities that do not add
value. These are the activities we must try to eliminate, reduce or improve in
order to establish the best process. Non-value added activities such as leaving
the work area to get parts or tools, bending or reaching for needed items,
waiting for something to happen before work can begin, reading and filling out
reams of paper, carrying things to other areas for processing, performing the
same task more than once, and doing more than is necessary to achieve part
functionality are clear targets to be addressed. Also, we need to look at
activities that may appear to be necessary but are no longer required. Keep in
mind that we can all fall into the trap of doing things because we have always
done them.

When we have reduced the number of non-value-added processes to the most

practical level, then we should look at improving the value-added activities.
However, there may not be as much bang for the buck in this effort.
Traditionally, we have focused our improvement efforts on value-added
activities such as machining cycles and assembly techniques and have done
well in these areas. Although anything can be improved, sometimes the time
and capital required to achieve meaningful improvement is not justifiable.

Once we have what we believe is the best process in place, then we must look
to develop a standard work procedure. This means that everyone involved in
the process must buy in to the procedure. If these people have been involved
along the way and have had an opportunity to voice opinions and offer ideas,
this buy-in should be almost automatic. Once we adopt the standard work
procedure, we must document it in some manner and periodically follow up to
ensure that the standard is being followed.

Think about some of your manufacturing processes. Does everyone perform a

certain task the same way, or is there room for interpretation (and therefore
error)? If standard work procedures are not currently in place, establish a plan,
and get the ball rolling.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.1-2

DIRECTIONS: Fill in with the correct terms or answers to make the statement
complete.
1. The standard serve as a ____________________.
2. Standard allow us to measure ______________________.
3. Without __________________________, we could not establish
legitimate expectation and managing the workforce would be
difficult.
4. Effective standards focus on safety, and ______________ are formally
eliminated from the process.
5. If the standard work procedures are not currently in place,
establish a plan and get the _________________.

Enumeration:
A. Give 5 reason why is it so important to have standard work
procedures?

1.

2.

3.

4.

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 ANSWER KEY 4.1-2

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 INFORMATION SHEET 4.2-2

GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRINCIPLES AND

LEGISLATION.

OUTLINE OF THE PHILIPPINES

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
(As Amended)              

SECTION

RULE 1000 - GENERAL PROVISIONS

1001        Purpose and Scope

1002        Definitions
1003        Administration and Enforcement
1004        Special Inspection, Investigation and Review
1005        Duties of Employers, Workers and other Persons
1006        Confidentiality of Trade Secrets

RULE 1010 - OTHER SAFETY RULES

1011        Promulgation of Rules

1012        Special Rules
1013        Hazardous Workplaces

RULE 1020 - REGISTRATION

1021        General Provision

1022        Registrable Unit
1023        Period of Registration
1024        Registration

RULE 1030 - TRAINING OF PERSONNEL IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH

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1031        Training Programs
1032        Accreditation
1033        Training and Personnel Complement
1034.01   Qualification of Safety Consultant
1034.02   Prohibition in the Practice of Occupational Safety and Health

RULE 1040 - HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEE

1041        General Requirements

1042        Types and Composition of Health and Safety Committee
1043        Duties of the Health and Safety Committee
1044        Terms of Office of Members
1045        Duties of Employers
1046        Duties of Workers
1047        Duties of the Safety Man
1048        Other Types of Safety Organizations

RULE 1050 - NOTIFICATION AND KEEPING OF RECORDS OF ACCIDENTS

AND OR OCCUPATINAL ILLNESSES

1051        Definitions
1052        Special Provisions
1053        Report Requirements
1054        Keeping of Records
1055        Evaluation of Disability
1056        Measurement of Performance

RULE 1060 - PREMISES OF ESTABLISHMENTS

1060.01   General Provision

1061        Construction and Maintenance
1062        Space Requirements
1063        Walkway Surface
1064        Floor and Wall Opening
1065        Stairs
1066        Window Openings
1067        Fixed Ladders
1068        Overhead Walks, Runways and Platforms
1069        Yards

RULE 1080 - PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES

1081        General Provision

1082        Eye and Face Protection
1083        Respiratory Protection
1084        Head Protection
1085        Hand and Arm Protection
1086        Safety Belts, Life Lines and Safety Nets
1087        Use of Safety Shoes

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RULE 1090 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

1091        Scope
1092        Definitions
1093        General Rules
1094        Hot and Corrosive Substances
1095        Storage
1096        Use of Lead and Its Components

RULE 1100 - GAS AND ELECTRIC WELDING AND CUTTING OPERATIONS

1100.01    General Provisions

1100.02    Personal Protective Equipment
1100.03    Welding and Cutting in Confined Spaces
1100.04    Underground Tank and Similar Confined Space Work

RULE 1140 - EXPLOSIVES

1141        General Provisions

1142        Definitions
1143        Authorization
1144        Limitation
1145        Quantity and Distance Tables
1146        Storage of Explosives
1147        Records of Disposition of Explosives

RULE 1150 - MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE

1150.01    General Provisions

RULE 1160 - BOILER

1161        Definitions
1162        General Provisions
1163        Power Boilers
1164        Heating Boilers
1165        Cleaning and Repairs
1166        Personal Protective Equipment
1167        Color Coding
1168        Requirements in the Preparation of Boiler Pressure Vessel Plans

RULE 1170 - UNFIRED PRESSURE VESSELS

1171        Definitions
1172        Steam Heated Pressure Vessels
1173        Closed Steam Heated Pressure Vessels
1174        Open Steam Heated Pressure Vessels
1175        Water and Air Pressure Tanks
1176        Refrigeration Tanks

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1177        Compressor
1178        Gas Cylinders

RULE 1200 - MACHINE GUARDING

2101        Definitions
1202        Provisions of Guards
1203        Standard Machine Guards
1204        Machine Guard at Point of Operation
1205        Transmission Machinery Guarding
1206        Woodworking Machinery
1207        Guarding Mechanical Power Presses and Foot and Hand Power
Presses

RULE 1210 - ELECTRICAL SAFETY

1211        Philippine Electric Code

1212        Electrical Safety Inspection
1213        Inspection Fees
1214        Requirements in the Preparation of Electrical Plans

RULE 1220 - ELEVATORS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

1221        Definitions
1222        General Provisions
1223        General Requirements
1224        Standards Requirements
1225        Requirements in the Preparation of Plans

RULE 1230 - IDENTIFICATION OF PIPING SYSTEM

1230.01    Scope
1230.02    Standard Requirements
1230.03    Definitions
1230.04    Methods of Identification of Contents of Piping System
1230.05    Visibility
1230.06    Location of Stencilled or Lettered Legends
1230.07    Type and Size of Letters for Stencils

RULE 1410 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

1411        Definitions
1412        General Provisions
1413        Excavation
1414        Scaffoldings
1415        Construction Equipment
1416        Plant and Equipment
1417        Demolitions
1418        Mechanical Demolition
1419        Explosives
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RULE 1420 - LOGGING

1421        General Provisions

1422        Handtools
1423        General Logging Operations
1424        Use and Maintenance of Power Saws
1425        Logging Engine
1426        Logging Engine Operations
1427        Tractor Yarding
1428        Lines, Blocks, Rigging

RULE 1940 - FIRE PROTECTION AND CONTROL

1941        General Provisions

1942        Definitions
1943        Building Construction and Facilities
1944        Fire Fighting Facilities
1945        Flammable and Combustible Solids
1946        Electrical Installation
1947        Alarm Systems and Fire Drills

RULE 1950 - PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS

1951        Scope
1952        Definitions
1953        General Provisions
1954        Pesticides
1955        Fertilizers
1956        Disposal of Unwanted Materials

RULE 1960 - OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES

1961        General Provisions

1962        Hazardous Workplace
1963        Emergency Health Services
1964        Training and Qualifications
1965        Duties of Employers
1966        Occupational Health Programs
1967        Physical Examination

RULE 1970 - FEES

1971        General Provisions

1972        Explosives
1973        Local Fabrication of Boilers/Pressure Vessels
1974        Certificate of Safety Practitioners/Consultants

RULE 1980 - AUTHORITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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1981       General Provisions
1982        Authority to Chartered Cities
1983        Authority to Municipalities
1984        Authority of Other Government Agencies
1985        Application of this Standards of Existing Plans and Authorities
1986        Duplication of Inspection

RULE 1990 - FINAL PROVISIONS

1991        False Statement or Representation

1992        Separability
1993        Resolution of Conflicts and Overlapping Jurisdictions
1994        Repeal of Prior Safety Orders
1995        Penal Provisions
1996        Effectivity

What does OSH Standard mean?

OSH Standards are mandatory rules and standards set and enforced to
eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in the workplace.

What is the purpose of OSH Standards?

OSH Standard aim to provide at least the minimum acceptable degree of

protection that must be afforded to every worker in relation to the working
conditions and dangers of injury, sickness or death that may be arise by
reason of his or her occupation. The provision of OSH Standards by the State is
an exercise of the police power, with the intention of promoting the welfare and
well-being of workers.

What are covered by the General OSH Standards?

All establishments, workplaces and other undertakings are covered, including

agricultural enterprises whether operating for profit or not, except:

 Residential places exclusively devoted to dwelling purposes;

 Those directly engaged in land, sea and air transportation, except their
dry dockers, garages, hangers and maintenance, and repair shops and
offices;
 The activities of a lessee regarding the safety of the mining claim or lease,
including mines safety, mineral conservation and pollution in
establishments or work places falling under mining industry.

What does right to safe and healthful conditions of work mean?

It means that the worker shall be assured of effective protection against the
danger of injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working
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conditions.

What is the minimum standard on safety and health in the workplace?

The OSH Standards provide that every company shall keep and maintain its
workplace free from work hazards that maintain its workplace free from work
hazards that are likely to cause physical harm to the workers or damage to
property. Thus, the worker is entitled to be provided by the employer with:

 Appropriate seats, lighting and ventilation;

 Adequate passageways, exits and fire fighting equipment;
 Separate facilities for men and wome;
 Appropriate safety devices like protective gears, masks, helmets, safety
boots, coats or first-aid kits;
 Medicines, medical supplies or first-aid kits;
 Free medical and dental services and facilities.

What other safety requirements should employers provide their

employees?

Employers must provide their employees with the following instruments and/or
working stations:

 Appropriate protective equipment and clothing such as overall head

coverings, goggles, gloves aprons and respirators;
 A properly designed exhaust designed exhaust system and waste
disposal, local exhaust or general ventilation to keep toxic fumes or
gases;
 Adequate number of fire extinguishers in the workplace;
 Designated safe smoking and welding areas far from combustible,
flammable or explosive materials, containers filled with explosives or
flammable substances, and containers that have held explosives or
flammable materials;

What safety measures must be observed within the premises of

establishments?

Establishments must observe the following safety measures:

 Building premises shall have adequate fire, emergency or danger signs

and safety instructions of standard colors and sizes visible at all times;
 Other visible signs that may be needed to direct the driver of motorized
vehicle such as STOP, YIELD, and DO NOT ENTER, properly positioned
within the compound of the establishment shall be used to increase
safety especially during the night;
 Handicapped employees shall be restricted only to designated
workplaces. As far as practicable and feasible they shall be provided with
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 facilities they shall be provided with facilities for safe and convenient
movement within the establishment;
 Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times through cleanliness
of building, yards, machines, equipment, regular waste disposal, and
orderly arrangement of process operations, storage and filing materials;
 Adequate dressing rooms, locker rooms, comfort rooms and lavatories
separate for male and female workers shall be provided.

Who enforces OSH Health Standards?

The Secretary of Labor and Employment, through the Regional Director or

other authorized representative, enforces the OSH Standards in the exercise of
victorial and enforcement powers.

What is visitorial power?

Visitorial power refers to the authority to conduct inspections or investigations

at the premises of an employer at any time of the day or night whenever work
is being undertaken. This is necessary to determine violations or to enforce the
rights of workers under the Labor Code. Under this power, the employer may
be required to submit reports and other documents to determine any violation.

What is enforcement power?

Enforcement power refers to the authority of the Secretary or the Regional

Director to order an erring employer, after due notice and hearing, to comply
with labor standards and issue a writ of execution in case of non-compliance. If
the violation poses grave and imminent danger to the health and safety of
workers, suspension or cessation of the operations affected may be 24 hours
from the issuamce of the order to determine whether or not the suspension or
cessation of the operations shall be lifted.

How are these Standards enforced?

These standards are enforced through the inspectorate system. Thus, every
employer shall give access to the Secretary or his/her duly authorized
representative access to its premises or records at any time of the day or night
when there is work to determine and effect compliance.

Every establishment or workplace shall be inspected at least once a year.

However, special inspection visits may be authorized by the Regional Office to
investigate work-related accidents, occupational illness or dangerous
occurrences, conduct surveys, follow-up inspection recommendations, or to
conduct an investigations or inspections upon request of an employer, worker
or labor union in the establishment.

If a workers or representative of workers or any concerned person believes

that such a violation of the OSH Standards exists which threatens
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physical harm or poses imminent danger to life, what shall he do to
correct the danger?

The said workers’ representative shall request an inspection with the Regional
Office in their area by giving full particulars or details regarding such violation
or danger.

What does the Regional Office do in such a case?

The Regional Office evaluates the report and conducts a special inspection or
investigation immediately in the subject establishment. The complaint is
notified in writing of the outcome of such investigation.

What are considered hazardous work place?

Workplaces are hazardous if:

 The nature of the work exposes workers to dangerous environmental

elements, contaminants or work conditions, including ionizing radiation,
chemicals, fire, flammable substances, noxious components, and the
like;
 The workers are engaged in construction work, logging, fire-fighting,
mining, quarrying, blasting, stevedoring, dock work, deep-sea fishing and
mechanized farming;
 The workers use or are exposed to heavy or power-driven machinery or
equipment;
 The workers are engaged in the manufacture or handling of explosives
and other pyrotechnic products;
 The workers use or are exposed to biological agents such as bacteria,
viruses and other parasites.

What are the duties and responsibilities of the employers and the
employees in relation to enforcement and compliance with OSH Standards
in the workplace?

DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYERS

 Adopt administrative policies on safety in accordance with the provisions

of the Standards;
 Report to the Regional Director or his/her duly authorized representative
the policies adopted and the safety organization established;
 Submit report to the Regional Director or his/her duly authorized
representative once in every three months on the safety performance,
safety committee meetings and its recommendations and measures taken
to implement the recommendation;
 Act on recommended safety measures;
 Provide access to appropriate authorities.

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 
DUTIES OF THE EMPLOYEES

 Follow safety policies;

 Report unsafe conditions and practices to the Supervisor;
 Serve as member of the Health and Safety Committee;
 Cooperate with Health and Safety Committee;
 Assist government agencies in the conduct of safety and health
inspection.

What is Health and Safety Committee?

A Health and Safety Committee is a group of employees or workers and

management that plans and makes policies in all matters pertaining to safety
and health in the workplace. All establishments are required to have a Health
and Safety Committee.

When shall an establishment organize a Health and Safety Committee?

In every workplace, a Health and Safety Committee shall be organized within

sixty days after the Standards take effect, and for new establishments, within
one month from the date business starts operating. In both cases the Health
and Safety Committee shall reorganize every January of the following year:

What are the types and composition of Health and Safety Committee?

The types and composition of the Health and Safety Committee shall be
organized according to the number of employees or workers in a workplace.

Type-A:

In every workplace having a total of over 400 workers, the following shall
compose the Health and Safety Committee:

 Chairman – the manager or his/her authorized representative who must

be a top operating official;

Members – two department heads; four workers (must be union

members, if organized); the company pyysician;

Secretary – safety man.

 Type-B:

In every workplace having a total of over 200 to 400 workers, the

following shall compose the Health and Safety Committee:

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 Chairman – the manager or his/her authorized representative who must
be a top operating official;

Members – one supervisor, three workers (must be union members, if

organized), the company physician or the company nurse;

Secretary – the safety man.

 Type-C:

In every workplace with 100 to 200 workers, the following shall compose
the Health and Safety Committee:

Chairman – the manager or his/her authorized representative;

Members – one foreman, three workers (must be union members, if

organized) and the nurse

Secretary – the part-time safety man.

 Type-D: (Line type of organization may be adopted)

In every workplace with less than 100 workers, the following shall
compose the Health and Safety Committee:

Chairman – the manager;

Members – one foreman, three workers (must be union member, if

organized), the nurse/first-aider;

Secretary – the part-time safety man.

Type-E: Joint Committee

When two or more establishments are housed under one building, the Health
and Safety Committee organized in each workplace shall form themselves into
a Joint Coordinating Committee to plan and implement programs and activities
concerning all establishment.

Chairman – the Chairman of the establishment;

Members – two supervisors from two different establishments and two workers
from two different

 establishments (union member, if organized);

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 Secretary – appointed by the Chairman (if high-rise, the Secretary shall
be the Building Administrator)

What are the duties and the Health and Safety Committee?

The Health and Safety Committee shall:

1. Plan and develop accident prevention programs in the workplace;

2. Inspect workplace to detect unsafe conditions;
3. Review reports of inspection, results of accident investigations and
implementation of accident prevention program;
4. Conduct safety meetings at least once a month;
5. Submit report to the manager/owner on its meetings and activities;
6. Provide necessary assistance to government inspecting authorities in the
proper conduct of activities relating to enforcement of the provisions of
the Standards;
7. Train workers in safe work habits and procedures;
8. Develop and maintain a disaster contingency plan and organize such
emergency service units as may be necessary to handle disaster
situations pursuant to the Emergency Preparedness Manual for
Establishments of the Office of Civil Defense.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.2-2

DIRECTIONS: Fill in with the correct terms or answers to make the statement
complete.
______________1. A mandatory rules and standards set and enforced to
eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health hazards in the work place.
______________2. A committee that plans and makes policies in all matters
pertaining to safety an health in the work place.
______________3 . Agency who enforces OHS health standards.
______________4. It refers to the authority of the secretary or the Regional
Director to order an erring employer

Enumeration:

A. Give the duties of the employers in relation to enforcement and

compliance with OSH Standards in the workplace.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. Give the duties of the employers in relation to enforcement and

compliance with OSH Standards in the workplace.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 SELF-CHECK 4.2-2

1. Basic occupational health and safety

2. Health & safety comittee
3. Regional director
4. Emergency Preparedness Manual for Establishments of the Office
of Civil Defense

B.

1. Plan and develop accident prevention programs in the workplace;

2. Inspect workplace to detect unsafe conditions;
3. Review reports of inspection, results of accident investigations and
implementation of accident prevention program;
4. Conduct safety meetings at least once a month;

Submit report to the manager/owner on its meetings and activities;

C.

1. Plan and develop accident prevention programs in the workplace;

2. Inspect workplace to detect unsafe conditions;
3. Review reports of inspection, results of accident investigations and
implementation of accident prevention program;
4. Conduct safety meetings at least once a month;
5. Submit report to the manager/owner on its meetings and
activities;

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