DESIGN CALCULATION OF CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR CONVOCATION HALL OF

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MAGWAY)

Mg Kyaw Kyaw Naing, Daw Htay Htay Win

Abstract: This thesis is intended to introduce the air They attempted to improve their living conditions more
conditioning system and its components. Especially, this comfortable. In the present, the surrounding air temperature
thesis involves the design of central air conditioning system, and humidity may be controlled or maintained to suit human
calculation of cooling load, compressor brake horse power, comfort and convenience conditions. Air conditioning
motor horse power and duct design for a Convocation Hall became one of the most significant factors in national
of Technological University (Magway). The space volume energy consumption because it is closely connected with the
3
of this hall is 6796m . The number of person in this hall is comfort and health of the people. Air conditioning also
about 1000 persons. This Convocation Hall is especially for provides a comfort effect, `health and psychological or
human comfort, necessary to maintain the inside design air emotional effects on human beings. The main function of an
conditions 25ºC dry bulb temperature and 50% relative air conditioning system is to maintain some desired
humidity. The outside design conditions are 45ºC dry bulb environment conditions within a space while external
temperature and 29ºC wet bulb temperatures. In equipment conditions are continuously changing. Summer cooling
selection, capacities of the system equipment, such as systems have become a standard utility in large buildings
compressor, evaporator and condenser are determined. In throughout the world. Myanmar atmospheric conditions are
this design, time and month are based on summer. So peak varied in different parts of the country. So, air conditioning
design month is April and peak design time is 16:00 PM. will become a necessity for various conditioned spaces in
Before calculating the duct design, the building cooling coming few decades with rapid industrial development and
loads are calculated. The capacity of cooling load is very with the economic growth of our country. Accordance with
important and the first priority for air conditioning design. the rapid rise in the standard of living, air conditioning is
In this thesis, equal friction method is used for supply duct more required to comfort human beings in a confined space.
and return duct design.
II. OBJECTIVE
Keywords: Cooling Load, Equal Friction. The objectives are:
1. To do design calculation of air conditioning system
I. INTRODUCTION for Convocation Hall of Technological University

T HE term air conditioning refers to the cooling and

dehumidification of indoor air for thermal comfort. It
conditions the air, transports it, and introduces it to the
2.
(Magway).
To study the design procedures for central air
conditioning system by choosing this Hall as a
conditioned space. The art of air conditioning developed sample.
only gradually from the predecessor arts of cooling, 3. To select optimal design conditions for human
cleaning, heating and ventilating. Many centuries ago, comfort and calculate the heat gains to the space.
human beings are highly affected or influenced by the 4. To calculate the room cooling load with detail
extreme environmental conditions. design data and design of the pipe or duct sizing of
the system.
Mg Kyaw Kyaw Naing is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Technological University, Magway (Phone: 95-063-23750; 95-063-23750;
III. SCOPE
email: [email protected]).
Daw Htay Htay Win is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
The first step is intended to study classifications of air
Technological University, Magway(Phone:95-063-23750;95-063- conditioning system and components of air conditioning
23750;email: [email protected]). unit. Space characteristics and heat load components of
Convocation Hall are recorded to get the specified design 1. Reciprocating compressor,
results. In the next step, theoretical consideration of cooling 2. Rotary compressor and
load and air distribution system is described. Then, the detail 3. Centrifugal compressor.
estimations of cooling load and duct sizing of system are Condenser: The condenser removes the heat from the
expressed. The optimal capacity of cooling load is also refrigerant carried from evaporator and added by
calculated with the aid of MATLAB Program. compressor and converts the vapour refrigerant into liquid
refrigerant. It is a heat exchanger in which heat transfer
IV. TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM takes place from high temperature vapour to low
Comfort air conditioning is a process of controlling the air temperature air or water which is used as cooling medium.
temperature, relative humidity, ventilation, air movement The type of a condenser is generally characterized by the
and air cleanliness of a given space in order to provide the cooling medium used. Thus, there are three types of
occupants with a comfortable indoor temperature. Air condensers:
conditioning system consists of a group of components or 1. Air cooled condenser
equipment connected in series to control the environmental 2. Water cooled condenser and
parameters. The complete air conditioning provides the 3. Evaporative condenser.
automatic control of an atmospheric environment either for Evaporator: The process of heat removal from the surface to
comfort of human beings or for the proper performance of be cooled or refrigerated is done in the evaporator. The
some industrial (or) scientific process. The air conditioning liquid refrigerant is vaporized inside the evaporator in order
systems are broadly classified into two groups: to remove heat from a fluid such as air, water or brine. The
1. Comfort air conditioning and coil generally called cooling coils act as a heat exchangers.
2. Industrial air conditioning. Two types of evaporator are:
The essential feature of comfort air conditioning system is 1. Dry expansion evaporator and
to provide an environment which is comfortable to majority 2. Flooded evaporator.
of the occupants. There are two types of comfort air Expansion Device: An expansion device in a refrigeration
conditioning system. These are room air conditioner and system normally serves two purposes. One is the
central air conditioner. Industrial air conditioning provides thermodynamic function of expanding the liquid refrigerant
air at required temperature and humidity to perform a from the condenser pressure to the evaporator pressure. The
specific industrial process successfully. other is the control function which may involve the supply
of the liquid to the evaporator at the rate at which it is
V. COMPONENTS OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM evaporated. An expansion device is essentially a restriction
The main components of air conditioning system are offering resistance to flow so that the pressure drops,
compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion device. resulting in a throttling process. Basically there are two
Compressor: In a refrigeration system whether it is of a built types of expansion devices. These are:
up plant type or prefabricated units, the compressor plays 1. Variable-restriction type and
the leading role of the operation of the system. It supplies 2. Constant-restriction type.
vital refrigerant to evaporator, condenser and other essential In the variable restriction type, the extent of opening or area
parts of the refrigeration system and also creator necessary of flow keeps on changing depending on the type of control.
pressures so that the circulation of refrigerant is possible. The constant restriction type device is the capillary tube
The function of a compressor is to be taken the refrigerant in which is merely a long tube with a narrow diameter bore.
the form of vapor at a high pressure. This compressing also
tends to raise the temperature of the resultant fluid. There VI. REFRIGERANT
are mainly three types of compressors used for refrigeration Refrigerants are heat carrying medium which during their
system: cycle, absorb heat at a low temperature level and are
compressed by a compressor to a high temperature where Results of room sensible and latent heat gain for cooling
they are able to discharge the absorbed heat. The ideal load calculation are as shown in Table (I).
refrigerant would be one that could discharge to the
condenser all the heat that the refrigerant is capable of TABLE I
absorbing in the evaporator or cooler. All refrigerant Results of room sensible and latent heat gain
medium, however, carry a certain portion of the heat from Heat Gain from Components RSHG RLHG
the condenser back to the evaporator, and this reduces the Heat gain through exterior structure 42560 ---------
heat absorbing capacity of the medium on the low side of
Heat gain through interior structure 51625 ---------
the system. Refrigerant Freon – 22 is used in this design.
This refrigerant is stable and is non toxic, non corrosive and Lighting 1863 ---------

non flammable. It has been successfully used in air People 70000 45000
conditioning units and commercial purposes. It can be used Infiltration 30502 33642
with all types of condensing units, water cooled, air cooled Subtotal 196550 78642
and evaporative type. Safety factor 9828 3932
Subtotal 206378 82574
VII. COOLING LOAD
Supply duct heat gain 1032 ---------
The interior of a building gains heat from a number of
Supply duct leakage loss --------- 413
sources. If the temperature and humidity of the air in rooms
Bypassed outside air load 8568 9450
are to be maintained at a comfortable level, heat must be
extracted to offset these heat gains. The net amount of heat Total heat gain 215978 92437

that is removed is called the cooling load. It is also used to Bypassed air heat gain (Part of GTH) 48552 53550
analyze energy use and conservation. The components that Grand heat gain 264530 145987
contribute to room heat gain consist of the following:
1. Conduction through exterior walls, roof, and glass Grand Total Heat
2. Conduction through interior partitions, ceilings, GTH = 264530 + 145987 = 410517 W
and floors 410517 W = 1395758 Btu/hr (1W = 3.4 Btu/hr)
3. Solar radiation through glass 1395758 Btu/hr = 116 TR (12000 Btu/hr = 1 TR)
4. Lighting From the above results, grand total heat gain is 410517 W
5. People (OR) 116 TR.
6. Equipment
7. Heat from infiltration of outside air through VIII. AIR DISTRIBUTION AND DUCT SYSTEM
openings Once air has been cooled by the air conditioning equipment,
It is convenient to arrange the heat gains into a different set it must be properly distributed to provide comfort-zone
of two groups: sensible and latent heat gains. In the cooling conditions. Duct systems convey conditioned air from the
load calculations, the heat transfer coefficient values are air-handling equipment to the air supply openings in the
obtained by calculation. The overall heat transfer coefficient room and carry the return air from the room back to the
may be calculated from the relation. equipment for reconditioning and recirculation. The air
1 1 Δx 1 1 handling system consists of:
=R = +∑ +∑ + (1)
U fo k C fi 1. The air distribution system comprising various
Inside design condition : 45ºC DBT, 29ºC DBT inlets for recirculated air and outlets for the supply
Outside design condition: 25ºC DBT, 50% RH air.
Daily range : 45 ºC to 27ºC 2. The duct system including the return duct, supply
Number of people : 1000 duct, and air conditioning apparatus.
 3. The fan which provides the necessary energy to There are 40 diffusers used in duct design calculation for
move the air. supply duct. Supply duct is subdivided into two sections.
Equal friction method is used for the duct design The results of first section are same as another section
calculations. In the duct design, the following procedures because it is intended to design the same format. So, the
may be followed: results of one section for supply duct are only described in
1. Study the plan of the building and arrange the Table (II).
positions of the supply outlets to provide proper TABLE II
distribution of air within each space. Results of duct design calculation for supply duct
2. From the cooling load, calculate the air Section Air Duct Duct Size Aspect
requirements (CMM) at each duct outlet, zone or No. Quantity Area (cm × cm) Ratio
division of the building. (CMM)
(%)
3. Calculate the sizes of the main and branch ducts, Fan to A 389 100 117 × 91 1.3 : 1
using a proper velocity to deliver the required A-B 350.1 92 107 × 91 1.2 : 1
quantity. B-C 311.2 84.5 107 × 86 1.2 : 1
ERSH ERSH C-D 272.3 76.5 107 × 76 1.4 : 1
RSHF = = (2)
ERSH + ERLH ERTH D-E 233.4 67.5 102 × 71 1.4 : 1
In cooling and dehumidification process, the temperature of E-F 194.5 58 86 × 71 1.2 : 1
which the RSHF condition line intersects the saturation F-G 155.6 48 81 × 66 1.2 : 1

curve is called the room apparatus dew point (Room ADP). G-H 116.7 37.5 61 × 61 1:1
H-I 77.8 27 61 × 46 1.3 : 1
Thus, tADP in Fig. 1 denotes the effective surface
I-J 38.9 16.5 41 × 41 1: 1
temperature tS.
J-K 19.45 9 30 × 30 1:1

For return duct, 20 diffusers are used in this design. Design

and results of each section are also calculated by using the
same format. So, the results of one section for return duct
are only expressed in Table (III).

TABLE III
Results of duct design calculation for return duct
Section Air Duct Duct Size Aspect
No. Quantity Area (cm × cm) Ratio
(CMM)
(%)

Fig.1 Psychrometric diagram for Apparatus dew point Fan to 1 319 100 107 × 97 1.1 : 1
temperature (tADP) 1-2 287.1 92 107 × 91 1.2 : 1

ERSH 2-3 255.2 84.5 102 × 86 1.2 : 1

Supply air quantity, (cmm) = (3)
3-4 223.3 76.5 91 × 86 1.1 : 1
s 0.0204 (t − t ) (1 - BF)
i ADP
4-5 191.4 67.5 91 × 76 1.2 : 1
Outside air flow rate,
5-6 159.5 58 86 × 71 1.2 : 1
(cmm) o = Q × Number of occupants (4) 6-7 127.6 48 81 × 66 1.2 : 1
vo
Recalculated room air,(cmm)i = (cmm)s – (cmm)o (5) 7-8 95.7 37.5 61 × 61 1:1
8-9 63.8 27 61 × 46 1.3 : 1
(cmm)s
Supply air for each fan = (6) 9-10 31.9 16.5 41 × 41 1.4 : 1
number of fan
 136tons. The duct layout system is arranged to be the best as
Equipment Capacity possible. To avoid the noise occurring, the air velocity in
Refrigerating effect, qo = h1 – h4 (7) design ducts must be less than the maximum allowable
Qo velocity. The supply air for each duct section and duct
Refrigerant circulated, m = (8)
q0 layout is calculated. To achieve adequate supply air

Power consumption, W = m (h2 – h1) (9) distribution, the supply air CMM for outlet is divided by
area proportions method. The Convocation Hall of
Technological University (Magway) has not yet installed an
The COP of cycle for cooling,
air conditioning system. So, it should be installed an air
h1 − h 4
COP = (10) conditioning system to be comfortable.
h 2 − h1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE IV
Mg Kyaw Kyaw Naing wishes to thank in respect to
Design results of air conditioning system
Dr Kyaw Aung, Daw War War Min Swe and Daw Htay
Application Result Data Unit
Htay Win for their supporting to the explanation of their
Cooling Load Capacity 116 TR experiences and essential suggestion for this paper.
Supply air quantity 778 CMM
Compressor horse power 121 hp REFERENCES

Motor horse power 151 hp [1] S.C. Arora & S. Domkundwar, “A Course in
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”, Seventh
Condenser heat rejection 136 TR
Revised Enlarged Edition.
COP of cycle 6 ---
[2] Edward G. Pita, “Air Conditioning Principles and
Systems”, Second Edition, 1989.
IX. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION [3] Edwin P. Anderson; “Home Refrigeration and Air
Convocation Hall needs air conditioning facilities since this Conditioning”, Second Edition, 1967.
hall is preferable human comfort air conditioning. The [4] C. P. Arora, “Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”.
inside design condition must be considered in comfort zone. Second Edition Tata Mc.Graw Hill Company
The conditions of 25˚C dry bulb temperature and 50% of limited, New Dehli, 2000.
relative humidity are required factors for human comfort [5] Julian M. Laub. “Air Conditioning and Heating
and health. The outside design conditions of 45˚C dry-bulb Practice”, 1963.
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average maximum value that occurs during design period of M.S, “Air Conditioning and Refrigeration”.
the year. Cooling load capacity of this hall is found to be [7] W.F. Stocker and J.W. Jones, “Refrigeration and
116tons, supply air 778 CMM, entering temperature is Air Conditioning”, Second Edition.
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must be determined because it is the basic for selection of Turnquist, B.S. (M.E.), M.A. and Alfred F.
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thesis, Freon-22 is used as refrigerant. It is most widely used and Air Conditioning.”
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the compressor is 151 hp in this design, and water cooled
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