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    Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan: Indication Abnormal Results

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    Vanessa Villanueva
    The document provides information about diagnostic tests for glomerulonephritis, including computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans use X-rays to generate cross-sectional body images, while MRIs use radio waves and strong magnetic fields. Both tests are generally safe and can identify abnormalities in the kidneys like tumors, infections, cysts, and masses. The document outlines the procedures for CT scans and MRIs, as well as the nurse's responsibilities before, during, and after the tests.

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    Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan: Indication Abnormal Results

    Uploaded by

    Vanessa Villanueva
    106 views7 pages
    The document provides information about diagnostic tests for glomerulonephritis, including computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans use X-rays to generate cross-sectional body images, while MRIs use radio waves and strong magnetic fields. Both tests are generally safe and can identify abnormalities in the kidneys like tumors, infections, cysts, and masses. The document outlines the procedures for CT scans and MRIs, as well as the nurse's responsibilities before, during, and after the tests.

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    CT-MRI-SCAN-NOTES

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    The document provides information about diagnostic tests for glomerulonephritis, including computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans use X-rays to generate cross-sectional body images, while MRIs use radio waves and strong magnetic fields. Both tests are generally safe and can identify abnormalities in the kidneys like tumors, infections, cysts, and masses. The document outlines the procedures for CT scans and MRIs, as well as the nurse's responsibilities before, during, and after the tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    106 views7 pages

    Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan: Indication Abnormal Results

    Uploaded by

    Vanessa Villanueva
    The document provides information about diagnostic tests for glomerulonephritis, including computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans use X-rays to generate cross-sectional body images, while MRIs use radio waves and strong magnetic fields. Both tests are generally safe and can identify abnormalities in the kidneys like tumors, infections, cysts, and masses. The document outlines the procedures for CT scans and MRIs, as well as the nurse's responsibilities before, during, and after the tests.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    DIAGNOSTIC TEST for GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

    1.1.2 Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

    COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN

     Computerized tomography (CT) scanning, also known as computerized axial tomography (CAT),
    or computerized tomography (CT) scanning, is a painless, non-invasive diagnostic imaging
    technique that generates cross-sectional images of many types of tissue that are not clearly
    seen in conventional X-rays.
     CT scans can be performed with or without a contrast medium. Contrast may be iodine-based or
    barium-sulfate compounds that are taken orally, rectally, or intravenously, which may improve
    the visibility of specific tissues, organs, or blood vessels. The length of the test depends on the
    area being scanned.

    MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

     Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique that creates clear and sensitive
    images of bone and soft tissue. The scan offers superior body tissue contrast and allows multiple
    planes to be imagined, including clear sagittal and coronal views of areas that cannot easily be
    visualized with X-rays or computed tomography scans.
     Constant magnetic field and radio frequency bounce off the fat and water molecules in your
    body. Radio waves are sent to the receiver in the system, which is converted into a body picture
    that can be used to diagnose problems.

    The difference between an MRI and CT scan

     Both CT scans and MRIs are used to capture pictures inside the body. The main difference is that
    MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) use radio waves and CT (computer tomography) scans use
    X-rays.
     While both are relatively low risk, there are differences that may make each one a better option
    depending on the circumstances.

    CT and MRI results of Renal scan for Glomerulonephritis

     A renal scan examines the structural and functional abnormalities of the kidney. It is indicated to
    detect tumors, obstructions, and lesions.

    Indication Abnormal Results

     Identify and diagnose renal  Abscesses


    abnormalities, such as calculi,
     Calculi
    obstruction, tumor, polycystic
    disease, congenital anomalies, and  Congenital anomalies
    abnormal fluid accumulation
     Hematomas
     Evaluate retroperitoneal
     Kidney infection or damage
     Lymphoceles
     Obstructions
    pathologies  Polycystic kidney disease
     Renal cell carcinoma
     Renal cysts or masses
     Vascular or adrenal tumors

    COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) PROCEDURE

    The protocol and procedures for computed tomography (CT) scan varies per area
    but generally, the following steps are followed:

    1. The patient is positioned on an adjustable table inside an encircling body


    scanner (gantry); straps and pillows may be used to help in maintaining
    the correct position.
    2. The patient may be instructed to hold his breath during the scanning.
    3. A series of transverse radiographs are taken and recorded
    4. The information is reconstructed by a computer and selected images are
    photographed.
    5. Once the images are reviewed, an I.V. contrast enhancement may be
    ordered and additional images are obtained.
    6. The patient is assessed carefully for adverse effects to the contrast
    medium.

    MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) PROCEDURE


    1. At the scanner room door, check the patient one last time for metal
    objects.
    2. The patient is placed on a narrow, padded, nonmetallic table that moves
    into the scanner tunnel. Fans continuously circulate air in the tunnel, and
    a call bell or intercom is used to maintain verbal contact.
    3. Remind the patient to remain still throughout the procedure.
    4. While the patient lies within the strong magnetic field, the area to be
    studied in stimulated with radio-frequency waves.
    5. If the test is prolonged with the patient lying flat, monitor him for
    orthostatic hypotension.

    NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES (CT SCAN)


    Before:

     Informed Consent. Obtain an informed consent properly signed.

     Look for allergies and contraindication to procedure. Assess for any history of


    allergies to iodinated dye or shellfish if contrast media is to be used. The procedure
    is contraindicated for pregnant women, claustrophobic, patients with
    hyperthyroidism or toxic goiter, with complications after a previous administration
    of a contrast, and patients with severe obesity (usually more than 300 pounds).

     Get health history. Ask the patient about any recent illnesses or other medical
    conditions and current medications being taken. The specific type of CT scan
    determines the need for an oral or I.V. contrast medium

     Check for NPO status. Instruct the patient to not to eat or drink for a period
    amount of time especially if a contrast material will be used.

     Get dressed up. Instruct the patient to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing


    during the exam.

     Remove accessories and other metal attachments to the body. Instruct client
    to remove accessories that may include metals such as eyeglasses, jewelries,
    dentures and hairpins.

     Provide information about the contrast medium. Tell the patient that a mild
    transient pain from the needle puncture and a flushed sensation from an I.V.
    contrast medium will be experienced.

     Inform about the duration of the procedure. Inform the patient that the
    procedure takes from five (5) minutes to one (1) hour depending on the type of
    CT scan and his ability to relax and remain still.

    During:

     Position client to the adjustable table inside the circling body scanner (gantry);
    straps and pillows may be used to help in maintaining the correct position.
     Instruct client to hold breath if needed.
     Instruct the patient to remain still. During the examination, tell the patient to remain
    still and to immediately report symptoms of itching, difficulty breathing or
    swallowing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache.
     Provide emotional support to the patient with claustrophobia or anxiety over his
    diagnosis.

    After:

     Diet as usual. Instruct the patient to resume the usual diet and activities
    unless otherwise ordered.
     Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake (if a contrast is given).
    This is so to promote excretion of the dye.
     Monitor vital signs.
     Monitor the patient for orthostatic hypotension.
     Assess patient carefully for adverse effects to the contrast medium.
     Provide patient with comfort measures as needed.

    NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES (CT SCAN)


    Before:
     Obtain an informed consent properly signed.
     Patient may be asked not to eat or drink anything for 4 - 6 hours before the scan.
     Asked patient if they are afraid of close spaces or claustrophobia and inform the doctor. Patient
    may be given a medicine to help them feel sleepy and less anxious, or the doctor may suggest an
    "open" MRI, in which the machine is not as close to the body.
     Before the test, asked the patient if they have the following:
    - Artificial heart valves
    - Brain aneurysm clips
    - Heart defibrillator or pacemaker
    - Inner ear (cochlear) implants
    - Kidney disease or dialysis (patient may not be able to receive contrast)
    - Recently placed artificial joints
    - Vascular stents
    - Worked with sheet metal in the past (patient may need tests to check for metal
    pieces in their eyes)
     Asked patients to remove the following:
    - Items such as jewelry, watches, credit cards, and hearing aids - may be
    damaged.
    - Pens, pocketknives, and eyeglasses - may fly across the room.
    - Pins, hairpins, metal zippers, and similar metallic items - can distort the images.
    - Removable dental work should be taken out just before the scan.
    During:
     Patient will be asked to remain perfectly still during the time the imaging takes place, but
    between sequences some minor movement may be allowed. The MRI Technologist will advise
    accordingly.
     Provide emotional support to the patient with claustrophobia or anxiety over his diagnosis.
     When MRI procedure begins, patient may breathe normally, however, for certain examinations
    it may be necessary for you to hold your breath for a short period of time.
     Monitoring is indicated to patients who are great potential for change in physiologic status
    (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, heart rate and blood pressure) during the
    procedure or whenever a patient requires observations of vital physiologic parameters due to
    an underlying health problem.
     Monitoring is imperative to patients who are using sedative or anesthesia to ensure patient
    safety
     Patients that require monitoring and support during MRI procedures.
    - Physically or mentally unstable patients.
    - Patients with compromised physiologic functions.
    - Patients who are unable to communicate.
    - Neonatal and pediatric patients.
    - Sedated or anesthetized patients.
    - Patients undergoing MR-guided interventional procedures.
    - Patients who may have a reaction to an MRI contrast agent.
    - Critically ill or high-risk patients.
    After:
     Diet as usual. Instruct the patient to resume the usual diet, medications and activities
    unless otherwise ordered.
     If patient is sedated, transfer patient to the recovery room for continue monitoring.
     Monitor vital signs.
     Assess client if prior to allowing patient to leave MRI facility if client is alert, oriented,
    and have stable vital signs.

     Monitor the patient for orthostatic hypotension.


     Assess patient carefully for adverse effects to the contrast medium.
     Provide patient with comfort measures as needed.
    References:

     Computed Tomography (CT) Scan - Nursing Responsibilities - Nurseslabs. (2018,

    October 24). Retrieved November 30, 2020, from Nurseslabs website:

    https://nurseslabs.com/computed-tomography-ct-scan/

     Magnetic Resonance Imaging - RNpedia. (2015, January 5). Retrieved November 30,

    2020, from RNpedia website: https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/medical-surgical-

    nursing-notes/magnetic-resonance-imaging/
     Unknown. (2010). Nursing Responsibilities: MRI Pre and Post Procedure. Retrieved

    November 30, 2020, from Blogspot.com website: http://nursing-lounge-

    new.blogspot.com/2013/04/nursing-responsibilities-mri-pre-and.html

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