Collins CSEC® Maths Workbook answers

Section 1 Computation 10. 1 cm = 10 000 000 cm (from scale given)

1 1 cm = 100 km
1. a) = 0.125 [2] 4.2 cm = 420 km [2]
8
2
b) = 0.667 [2] 11. a) 20 000 cm [1]
3
1 b) 0.2 km [1]
c) = 0.2 [2]
5 c) 0.9 km [1]
375
2. a) 0.375 = =3 [2] 12. a) 0.125 × 80 = 10 [1]
1000 8
75 3 b) 20% = 25
b) 0.75 = = [2]
100 4 1% = 25
2 1 20
c) 0.02 = = [2]
100 50 Therefore, 100% = 25 × 100 = 125 [1]
5 20
3. a) = 5 × 100 = 62.5% [2] 12
8 8 1 c) × 100 = 20% [1]
60
b) 0.135 = 0.135 × 100 = 13.5 % [2] 10 1
5 d) = [1]
c) = 5 × 100 = 71.4% [2] 50 5
7 7 1
13. a) 2.5 × 1000 = 2500 m [1]
4. a) 3770 [1]
b) 3000 cm = 30 m
b) 1.07 [1] 30
c) 1.2 [1] 30 m = = 0.03 km [1]
1000
d) 25 000 [1] c) 1 litre = 1000 ml
5. a) 2 500 000 = 2.5 × 106 [1] 2 litres = 2000 ml [1]
b) 0.003 251 = 3.251 × 10−3 [1]
c) 362 000 = 3.62 × 105 [1]
d) 0.000 009 = 9.0 × 10−6 [1] Section 2 Number theory
6. a) Angle A = 2 × 180 = 60° [1] 1. a) Whole numbers – B [1]
6 b) Integers – C [1]
Angle B = 3 × 180 = 90° [1] c) Natural numbers – A [1]
6
Angle C = 1 × 180 = 30° [1] 2. a) Factors of 12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 [2]
6
b) Factors of 10 – 1, 2, 5, 10 [2]
5
b) Length of longest piece = × 40 = 20 m [2] c) Factors of 21 – 1, 3, 7, 21 [2]
10
4 3. a) Factors of 12 – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 [2]
c) Melissa receives
5
Factors of 18 – 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 [2]
Kerry receives 1 HCF – 6 [1]
5
Let x represent the total sum shared b) Factors of 30 – 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 [2]
Factors of 15 – 1, 3, 5, 15 [2]
Kerry received 1 of x which is $45
5 HCF – 15 [1]
Then, x = $45 (5) = $225. [2] c) Factors of 15 – 1, 3, 5, 15 [2]
7. a) Duration = 9 hr 30 min − 7 hr 25 min = 2 hr 5 min [2] Factors of 25 – 1, 5, 25 [2]
Factors of 40 – 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40 [2]
b) Time taken (hours) = 2 hr + (605 ) hr = 2.08 hours HCF – 5 [1]
Average speed = distance = 92 km = 44.2 km/hr [2] 4. a) The first four multiples of 5 – 5, 10, 15, 20 [2]
time 2.08
1 3
2 ×
5 3
×
15 b) The first four multiples of 6 – 6, 12, 18, 24 [2]
2 5 2 5 10 c) The first four multiples of 12 – 12, 24, 36, 48 [2]
8. a) = = = 15 ÷ 3
= 15 × 10 = 5 [4]
1 1 3 3 10 10 10 3
−
2 5 10 10
5. a) Multiples of 9 – 9, 18, 27, 36 [2]
2
Multiples of 12 – 12, 24, 36 [2]
b) 14.25 − (1.24) LCM – 36 [1]
= 14.25 − 1.5376 b) Multiples of 5 – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 [2]
= 12.7124 Multiples of 8 – 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 [2]
= 12.7 (to 3 significant figures) [3] LCM – 40 [1]
9. a) 2.14(3 − 1.26) c) Multiples of 6 – 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 [2]
= 6.42 − 2.6964 Multiples of 7 – 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 [2]
= 3.7236 LCM – 42 [1]
= 3.72 (to 3 significant figures) [2] 6. a) 8, 13, 21 [2]
2.15
b) = 2.15 = 2.15 = 5.119 = 5.12 b) 22, 26, 30 [2]
0.82 − 0.22 0.64 − 0.22 0.42
(to 3 significant figures) [3] c) 25, 36, 49 [2]

3
7. a) Distributive law [1] 4. a) TT $6.30 = US $1.00
b) Associative law
c) Commutative law
[1]
[1]
TT $5000 = US $ (50006.30× 1.00) = US $793.65 [2]
b) Amount left = US $793.65 − US $650 = US $143.65
8. a) 110112 = (1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20) US $1.00 = TT $6.30
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 US $143.65 = TT $(143.65 × 6.30) = TT $905 [3]
= 27 [2]
5. a) Percentage profit = selling price − cost price × 100%
b) 2324 = (2 × 42) + (3 × 41) + (2 × 40) cost price
= 32 + 12 + 2 = 420 000 − 350 000 × 100
350 000
= 46 [2] = 20% [2]
c) 12425 = (1 × 53) + (2 × 52) + (4 × 51) + (2 × 50)
= 125 + 50 + 20 + 2 b) Loss = $75 000 − $40 000 = $35 000
loss
= 197 [2] Percentage loss = × 100% = 35 000 × 100 = 46.7%
cost price 75 000
9. a) 2 15 [2]
2 7 R 1 c) i) Depreciation after 1 year = 0.10 × $180 000
= $18 000
2 3 R 1
Value of car after 1 year = $180 000 − $18 000
2 1 R 1 = $162 000 [2]
0 R 1 ii) Depreciation after 2 years = 0.10 × $162 000
11112 [2] = $16 200
b) 5 27 Value of car after 2 years = $162 000 − $16 200
5 5 R 2
= $145 800 [2]

5 1 R 0
6. a) i) Total interest repaid = P × R × T = 120 000 × 10 × 5
100 100
0 R 1 = $60 000 [2]
1025 [2] ii) Total amount of money repaid = $60 000 + $120 000
= $180 000 [2]
c) 8 90 180 000
iii) Monthly instalment = 5 × 12 = $3000 per month
8 11 R 2 [2]
n
8 1 R 3 b) Amount = P 1 + R ( 100 )
0 R 1 5

1328 [2] (
= 10 000 1 + 2.5
100 )
= $11 314.08
10. a) 1101102 + Compound interest = $11 314.08 − $10 000 = $1314.08 [2]
110012
7. a) Discount = 10% × $6500 = $ 650
1001111 Amount paid = $6500 − $650 = $5850 [2]
Answer – 10011112 [3] b) Tax = 15% × $3000 = $450
Amount paid = $3000 + $450 = $3450 [2]
b) 11112 −
10012
0110 Section 4 Sets
Answer – 1102 [3] 1. a) n(U) = 19 [1]
b) A = {6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21} [2]
c) B = {5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21} [2]
Section 3 Consumer arithmetic d) U

1. a) Total hire purchase price = 800 + (300 × 10) 4 A B

6 9 5 7
= 800 + 3000 = $3800 [2]
8
b) Money that would be saved = 3800 − 3000 = $800 [1]
12 15 11 13
2. a) Amount received by the grocer = 120 × 32 = $3840 [1] 10
b) Profit = 3840 − 3360 = $480 [1] 18 21 17 19
c) Percentage profit = 480
× 100 = 14.3% [2] 14
3360
16 20 22
3. a) Hourly rate = 600 = $15 per hour [1] [3]
40
b) Overtime rate = 1.5 × $15 = $22.50 2. a) n(A) = 8 [1]
Overtime wage = 8 × $22.50 = $180 [2] b) n(B) = 5 [1]
c) Wage for 40 hours = 40 × $15 = $600 c) A ∩ B = {9, 11, 15} [1]
Wage for 10 hours overtime = 10 × $22.50 = $225 d) A ∪ B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17} [1]
Total wage = $600 + $225 = $825 [3]

4
3. a) U 7. a) n(u) = 36
A B n(B) = 25 n(C) = 18

25 – x x 18 – x

[1]
2
b) U [3]
A B
b) 25 − x + x + 18 − x + 2 = 36
45 − x = 36
x = 45 − 36
x=9 [2]
8. a) n(u) = 40

n(B) = 23 n(C) = 15
[1]

c) U
6–x
A B
8+x 4+x
x
9–x 5–x

4+x

[1]
2 n(P) = 18
d) U [6]
A B b) 8 + x + 6 − x + x + 9 − x + 4 + x + 5 − x + 4 + x + 2 = 40
x + 38 = 40 [2]
c) x + 38 = 40
x = 40 − 38
x=2 [2]
d) n(Biology only) = 8 + x = 8 + 2 = 10 [1]
e) n(Chemistry and Biology only) = 6 − x = 6 − 2 = 4 [1]
[1]

4. a) Number of subsets = 23 = 8 [1]

b) { }, {2}, {4}, {6}, {2, 4}, {2, 6}, {4, 6}, {2, 4, 6} [2]
Section 5 Measurement
1. a) C = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 6 = 37.68 cm [2]
5. a) Infinite [1]
b) A = πr2 = 3.14 × 62 = 113 cm2 [2]
b) Finite [1] θ
c) Finite [1] c) Area of minor sector = × A = 120 × 113 = 37.7 cm2 [2]
360 360
d) Infinite [1] d) Area of triangle AOB = 1 ab sin C = 1 × 6 × 6 × sin 120°
2 2
6. a) B and E [1] = 15.6 cm2 [2]
b) D is a subset of B [1] e) Area of shaded region = 37.7 − 15.6 = 22.1 cm2 [2]
c) B and C OR C and D [1] θ
f) Length of minor arc = × C = 120 × 37.68 = 12.56 cm [2]
d) A [1] 360 360
θ
e) B, D OR E [1] g) Length of major arc = × C = 240 × 37.68 = 25.12 cm [2]
360 360
f) C [1]
g) 4 [1]
h) Number of subsets = 24 = 16 [1]

5
 h) d) Volume of cylinder = πr 2h = 3.14 × 22 × 6 = 75.36 cm3 [2]
120° 6c
m m e) TOTAL volume of the two hemispheres (or one sphere)
6c
= 4 πr 3 = 4 π(2)3
3 3
30° X = 33.49 cm3 [2]
A B
f) TOTAL volume of perfume bottle = 75.36 + 33.49
= 108.85 cm3 [1]
7. a) BDC = 30° (BDC is an isosceles triangle) [2]
b) DBC = 180 − (30 + 30) = 180 − 60 = 120°
ABD = 150 − 120 = 30° [2]
AX = 6 × cos 30° = 5.2 cm
AB = 2 × 5.2 = 10.4 cm c) ADB = 180 − 30 = 75° [2]
2
Perimeter of shaded region = length of minor arc + AB 8. a) Area of trapezium = 1 (8 + 10) × 6 = 54 cm2 [2]
= 12.56 + 10.4 = 22.96 cm [2] 2
b) 110 + x + 120 + 60 = 360
2. a) A = l × b = 6 × 8.2 = 49.2 cm2 [2] x + 290 = 360
b) V = A × h = 49.2 × 12 = 590 cm3 [2] x = 360 − 290
c) Total surface area = 2 × (12 × 6) + 2 × (12 × 8.2) x = 70° [1]
+ 2 × (6 × 8.1)
= 144 + 196.8 + 98.4
= 439.2 cm2 [4] Section 6 Statistics
3. a) Total area = Area of triangle + Area of square 1. a)
+ Area of semi-circle Score (x) Tally Frequency (f ) x×f
π(2)2
= ( 1
2
×2×4) + (4 × 4) + ( 2 ) 1 ||| 3 3
= 4 + 16 + 6.28 2 |||| 4 8
= 26.28 cm2 [3] 3 |||| 4 12
b) Total area = Area of
rectangle ABCD − Area of semi-circle 4 |||| 4 16
π(4)2 5 || 2 10
= (8 × 6) − ( 2 )
= 48 − 25.12 6 |||| ||| 8 48
= 22.88 m2 [4] 7 | 1 7
4. a) Area of shaded cross-section = πr 2 = 3.14 × 22 8 ||| 3 24
= 12.56 cm2 [2] 9 | 1 9
b) Volume of cylinder = πr h = 12.56 × 8 = 100.48 cm3 [2]
2 [5]
c) Area of curved part of cylinder = h × 2πr b) Mode = 6 [1]
= 8 × 2 × 3.14 × 2 c) Median = 4 + 5 = 4.5 [1]
2
= 100.48 cm2 [2] 137
d) Mean = = 4.6 [3]
5. a) i) Length of one side of square = √196 = 14 cm [2] 30
8+1+3+1 13
ii) Perimeter of square = 4 × 14 = 56 cm [1] e) Probability (score > 5) = = [2]
30 30
b) i) Circumference = 56 cm [1] 2. a)
Height (cm) Number of Cumulative
ii) 2πr = 56
seedlings frequency
56
r= = 8.91 cm [2]
22 1–10 10 10
2 ( )
7
11–20 12 22
iii) Area of circle = πr 2 = 22 × (8.91)2 = 249.5 cm2 [2]
7
21–30 22 44
6. a) Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh
= 2 × 3.14 × 2 × 6 = 75.36 cm2 [2] 31–40 38 82
b) TOTAL surface areas of the two hemispheres 41–50 15 97
(or one sphere) = 4πr 2
51–60 3 100
= 4 × 3.14 × 22 [3]
= 50.24 cm2 [2]
c) TOTAL surface area of perfume bottle = 75.36 + 50.24
= 125.6 cm2 [1]

6
 b) (See graph) b)
fuel

100 18º food

utilities

90 48º 54º
60º rent
180º
80

savings
70
cumulative frequency

60 [3]
6+5+7+7+6+5+6+6+6+7 61
4. a) Mean score = 10
= 10 = 6.1 [2]
50 b) Arrange the scores in ascending order to find the
median – 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7
40 Median score = 6 [2]
c) Modal score = 6 (most frequent score) [1]
5. a) 14–16 [1]
30
b) 14–16 [1]
c) 10.5 [1]
20 d) 16.5 [1]
e) 7.5 − 4.5 = 3 [1]
10 f) See graph

14
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
height / cm [5] 12
c) i) Lower quartile = 22 cm [1]
ii) Median = 32 cm [1]
iii) Upper quartile = 38 cm [1] 10
iv) Interquartile range = 38 − 22 = 16 cm [1]
v) Semi-interquartile range = 16 = 8 cm [1]
frequency

2 8
62
d) i) P (less than 35 cm) = = 0.62 [1]
100
ii) P (greater than 42 cm) = 100 − 85 = 15
= 0.15 [1] 6
100 100
3. a)
Item Budgeted amount Angle of sector in
pie chart 4

rent $1000 1000

× 360 = 60°
6000
2
food $900 900
× 360 = 54°
6000
fuel for $300 300 0
× 360 = 18°
her car 6000 0 5 10 15 20
age [4]
utilities $800 800
× 360 = 48° 6. a) Number of letter Ms = 2
6000
3000 Number of letters = 11
savings $3000 × 360 = 180° 2
6000 P (selecting an M) = 11 [2]
5
Total $6000 360° b) Number of yellow balls = 8 × 40 = 25 [2]
[4]
5
c) P (student scores more than 6) = 1 + 2 30
+1+1
= 30 = 16 [2]

7
Section 7 Algebra b) y ∝ x2
x−3 2x + 1 y = kx2
1. a) i) + 3 16 = k (2)2
4
3(x − 3) + 4(2x + 1) 16
= 12
k= 4
= 3x − 9 + 8x + 4 k=4
12
Therefore, y = 4x2
= 11x − 5 [3] When x = a, y = 64
12
ii) 2x + 1 − x − 3 64 = 4a2
2 3 64
3(2x + 1) − 2(x − 1) a2 =
= 6
4
6x + 3 − 2x + 2
a2 = 16
= 6 a = √16
4x + 5
= 6 [3] a=4
When x = 5, y = b
7x + 1 2x − 1
b) + =4 b = 4(5)2
5 3
3(7x + 1) + 5(2x − 1) = 15 × 4 b = 100 [3]
1
21x + 3 + 10x − 5 = 60 c) y∝x
31x − 2 = 60 k
31x = 60 + 2 y=x
31x = 62 k
62
6=2
x = 31
k=6×2
x=2 [3] k = 12
2. a) 4x2y(1 − 3xy2) [2] 12
Therefore, y = x
b) (1 + 3x)(1 − 3x) [2]
When x = a, y = 3
c) (3x − 1)(x + 2) [2] 12
d) 6p2 + 3pq − 2p − q = 3p(2p + q) − (2p + q) 3= a
= (3p − 1)(2p + q) [2] 3a = 12
3. a) mx + c = y a=
12
mx = y − c 3
a=4
x= y−c [2] When x = 4, y = b
m
a 12
b) pq = x b= =3 [3]
4
pqx = a 7. a) 2x + 3y = 8……………………………..(1)
a
x = pq [2] 3x − y = 1………………………………(2)
x
From equation (2), y = 3x − 1
c) T=k √a Substiting equation (2) into (1)
T
= x 2x + 3(3x − 1) = 8
k √a 2x + 9x − 3 = 8
T2
=x 11x − 3 = 8
k2 a
xk2 = aT 2 11x = 8 + 3
x= aT 2
[2] 11x = 11
k2 11
2 2 2 2
x = 11
4. a) 3x y − 6x y + 3xy [2]
b) 2x − 2y − 6x2 + 3x = 5x − 2y − 6x2 [2] x=1
2 5 Substituting x = 1 into equation (2)
c) 4x − y
[2] y = 3(1) − 1 = 3 − 1 = 2 [3]
2
5. a) 2 * 3 = (2 + 3) − 3(2)(3) = 25 − 18 = 7 [2] b) y + 2x = 7 …………………………………..(1)
(1)(−2) − 3
b) = −5 = −1 [2] x2 − xy = 6 ………………………………….(2)
(−2)2 + 1 5
From equation (1), y = 7 − 2x
6. a) y ∝ x Substituting equation (1) into equation (2)
y = kx x2 − x (7 − 2x) = 6
12 = k(4) x2 − 7x + 2x2 = 6
k = 12 3x2 − 7x − 6 = 0
4
k=3 (3x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
Therefore, y = 3x Either 3x + 2 = 0
When y = 9, x = a 3x = −2
2
9 = 3a x = −3
9
a=3 Or x − 3 = 0
a=3 x=3
2 2 1
When x = 7, y = b ( )
When x = − 3 , y = 7 − 2 − 3 = 8 3
b = 3(7) = 21 [3] When x = 3, y = 7 − 2(3) = 1 [6]
8
8. a) 2x − 8 = 12 c) 6x2 − 13x + 5 = 0
2x = 12 + 8 (2x − 1)(3x − 5) = 0
2x = 20 Either 2x − 1 = 0
20 2x = 1
x= 2 1
x = 10 [2] x=2
2x x OR 3x − 5 = 0
b) 3
+2=6
3x = 5
4x + 3x = 36 5
7x = 36 x=3 [2]
36 2
x= 7 [3] 13. a) 2x + 5x + 1 = 0
c) 8 − 2x < 2 a = 2, b = 5, c = 1
−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
−2x < 2 − 8 x= 2a
−2x < −6 −5 ± √52 − 4(2)(1)
2x > 6 x= 2(2)
6
x>2 −5 ± √17
x= 4
x>3 [2] −5 + √17
Either x = 4 = −0.22
9. a) i) 50 − x [1]
−5 − √17
ii) 50x + 35(50 − x) [1] OR x = 4 = −2.28 [4]
b) i) 50x + 1750 − 35x = 2200
b) x2 + 7x − 2 = 0
15x = 2200 − 1750
a = 1, b = 7, c = −2
15x = 450
−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x=
450 x= 2a
15
x = 30 [3] −7 ± √72 − 4(1)(−2)
x= 2(1)
ii) 50 − 30 = 20 [1]
1 −7 ± √57
10. a) x + 400 [2] x= 2
2
−7 + √57
b) i) First piece = x Either x = 2
= 0.27
Second piece = x + 2 −5 − √57
Third piece = 3x [2] OR x = 2
= −7.27 [4]
ii) x + (x + 2) + 3x = 5x + 2 [1] 14. a) 2 − 18x2 = 2(1 − 9x2) = 2(1 + 3x)(1 − 3x) [2]
iii) 5x + 2 = 42 b) (2x + 3) (3x − 4) [2]
5x = 42 − 2 c) (2p + 3q) (4r − s) [2]
5x = 40
40
x=
x=8
5
[3]
Section 8 Relations, functions
11. a) x8y4 [1] and graphs
b) x3y [1] 1. a) Gradient = 2 [1]
a 3 b4 1
c) = a2b3 [2] b) Gradient = − 2 [1]
ab
d) y2 [1] c) y = mx + c
2
12. a) x + 7x + 10 = 0 y = 2x + c
(x + 5)(x + 2) = 0 When x = 2, y = −3
Either x + 5 = 0 −3 = 2(2) + c
x = −5 c + 4 = −3
OR x + 2 = 0 c = −3 − 4
x = −2 [2] c = −7
b) 3x2 + 10x + 8 = 0 Therefore, the equation of the line is y = 2x − 7. [3]
(3x + 4)(x + 2) = 0 y 2 − y1 11 − 1 10
2. a) Gradient = x2 − x1
= 3 − (−2) = 5 = 2 [1]
Either 3x + 4 = 0
x1 + x2 y 1 + y 2 −2 + 3 1 + 11
3x = −4
4
b) Midpoint = ( 2 ) (
, 2 = 2 , 2 ) = (12, 6) [2]
x = −3 c) Length = √(x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2
OR x + 2 = 0
x = −2 [2] = √(3 − (−2))2 + (11 − 1)2
= √(5)2 + (10)2
= 11.2 units [2]

9
 1 6. a) x − 3 = 0
d) Gradient of perpendicular bisector = − 2
y = mx + c x=3
1 Therefore, when x = 3, f (x) is undefined. [1]
When x = 2 , y = 6
b) g(2) = 2 (2) + 3 = 7
1 1
6 = −2 2
+c () f (7) =
2(7) + 1
7−3
=
15
4
1
6 = −4 + c 15
Therefore, fg(2) = 4
[3]
1
c=6+4 c) f (x) = 2x + 1
x−3
25
c= 4 Let y = 2x + 1
x−3
1 25 Step 1 – Interchange x and y
Therefore, y = − 2 x + 4 [3]
3. a) When line meets x-axis, y = 0 x = 2y + 1
y−3
3x − 6 = 0 Step 2 – Make y the subject of the formula
3x = 6 x(y − 3) = 2y + 1
6 xy − 3x = 2y + 1
x=3
x=2 xy − 2y = 1 + 3x
Therefore, A (2, 0) [1] y(x − 2) = 1 + 3x
b) When the line meets the y-axis, x = 0 y = 1 + 3x
x−2
y = 3(0) − 6 = −6 Therefore, f −1(x) = 1 + 3x [3]
x−2
Therefore, B (0, −6) [1]
1 2 2
c) Area of triangle OAB = 2 × 2 × 6 = 6 units squared [1] 7. a) 2x + 5x − 3 = a(x + b) + c
= a(x2 + 2bx + b2) + c
y
= ax2 + 2abx + ab2 + c
3 Equating coefficients:
2 a=2
1 2ab = 5
A 2(2)b = 5
2 3 x
0 b=4
5
–2 –1 1
–1
(2, 0) ab2 + c = −3
–2 5 2
–3
()
2 4 +c=3
25
c = −3 − 8
–4 49
c=−8
–5
5 49
–6 (0, –6) (
So f (x) = 2 x + 4 2 −
5
) 8
[3]
B b) Axis of symmetry x = − 4 [1]
5 49
4. a) i) One-to-one [1]
c) Coordinates of minimum point − 4 , − 8
2
( ) [1]
d) 2x + 5x − 3 = 0
ii) Many-to-one [1]
(2x − 1)(x + 3) = 0
iii) One-to-many [1]
Either 2x − 1 = 0
iv) Many-to-many [1]
2x = 1
b) Functions – one-to-one, many-to-one [2] 1
x=2
5. a) f (2) = 5(2) − 2 = 10 − 2 = 8 [1]
b) f (−1) = 5(−1) − 2 = −5 − 2 = −7 [2] Or x + 3 = 0
1 1 x = −3 [2]
c) g (4) = 3(4) = 12 [1]
e) f)
1 5
d) ( )
fg(x) = 5 3x −2 = 3x −2 [2] y
1 1 5
e) gf (x) = 3(5x − 2) = 15x − 6 [2]
f) y = 5x − 2 4
Step 1 – Interchange x and y 3
x = 5y − 2 2 1 ,0
Step 2 – Make y the subject of the formula (–3, 0) 2
1
5y = x + 2
x+2
3 x
y= 5 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
0
1 2
−1 x+2 –1
Therefore, f (x) = 5
[2]
–2
minimum point

axis of symmetry [4]

10
8. a) x = −3, x = 1 [2] b) y
b) f (x) = (x + 3)(x − 1) = x2 + 3x − x − 3 = x2 + 2x − 3 [2] 16
c) f (x) = 5 [2]
14
d) (−1, −4) [2]
e) x = −1 [2] 12
f) x = 0, x = −2 [2] 10
g) −2 < x < 0 [2] 8
9. a)
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f (x) 5 0 −3 −4 −3 0 5 12 [10] 4
2
y

5 x
0
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4
12 –2
–4
10 –6
–8
8
–10
–12
6
–14
–16
4
[4]
c) From the graph, solutions are:
2 (−2, 10) and (3, 0) [2]
d) x = −4, x = 3 [2]
e) −4 < x < 3 [2]
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x f) x > 3, x < −2 [2]
20 − 0 2
–2 11. a) a = 30 − 0 = 3 ms−2 [2]
40 − 20 20
b) a = = = 1 ms−2
50 − 30 20
[2]
–4
40 − 0 40
c) d = = = 2 ms−2
100 − 80 20
[2]
−2
d) a = 0 ms [1]
b) a = −2 e) Distance = Area of trapezium
1
b=5 [2] = 2 (30 + 50) × 40
c) x = −1 = 1600 m [2]
x=3 [2] d 10
d) (1, −4) [1] 12. a) Average speed = t = 60 = 0.167 ms−1 [2]
e) Choose any two points on the tangent drawn at the b) 3.5 − 1 = 2.5 minutes [1]
point x = 2. 8
c) Average speed = 30 = 0.267 ms−1 [2]
(5, 3) and (1, −5)
13. a) x ≥ 2
Gradient = −5 − 3 = −8 = 2 [3] y
1−5 −4
10. a) 3
x −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
2
f (x) −8 0 6 10 12 12 10 6 0 −8
1
g(x) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 −2
[6] 0
1 2 3 x
–3 –2 –1
–1
–2
–3
x=2
[1]

11
 b) y ≥ 4 c) See shaded region [2]
y B A=4
4 16
y=4
3
14
2
1 12

4 x 10
0 P
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1
–2 8
–3
6
[1] Q B=5
c) y ≤ 2x + 3 R
4
y
y = 2x + 3
4 2 A + B = 15
3
0
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 A
1 d) i) P − (4, 11)Profit = (4 × 6000) + (11 × 7000)
= $101 000 [1]
0 x
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 Q − (10, 5) Profit = (10 × 6000) + (5 × 7000)
–1
= $95 000 [1]
–2
R − (4, 5) Profit = (4 × 6000) + (5 × 7000)
–3 = $59 000 [1]
[1] Quantity of refrigerator A = 4
d) y + 3x ≤ 7 Quantity of refrigerator B = 11
y ii) Maximum profit = $101 000 [2]
15. a) i) y = 0 [1]
7 ii) x = 0 [1]
iii) y = 4 [1]
6
b) x ≥ 0 [1]
5 y≥0 [1]
y = 3x + 7
4 y≤4 [1]
3
y≤6−x [1]
16. a) P: x = 10, Q: y = 2 [2]
2 b) x ≤ 10 [1]
1 y≥2 [1]
x + y ≤ 15 [1]
4 x
0 y≤x [1]
–2 –1 1 2 3
–1 5 2 49
–2
17. a) y = −2 x + 4 +
5
( ) 8
[2]
[1] b) x = − 4 [1]
14. a) Inequality 1 : A≥4 [1] c) Two [1]
1
Inequality 2: B≥5 [1] d) x = 2 and x = −3 [2]
Inequality 3: A + B ≤ 15 [1] e) Maximum point. Coordinates of maximum point
5 49
b) See graph [4] (
− 4, 8 ) [2]
18. a) Let y = 3x + 2
Interchanging x and y
x = 3y + 2
3y = x − 2
x−2
y= 3
x−2
Therefore, f −1(x) = 3
[2]
b) Let y = 6 − x
Interchanging x and y
x=6−y
y=6−x
Therefore, g−1(x) = 6 − x [2]

12
 x+3 2. a)
c) Let y = 2x − 1
Interchanging x and y
y+3
x = 2y − 1
C
x(2y − 1) = y + 3
2xy − x = y + 3
2xy − y = 3 + x
y(2x − 1) = 3 + x
3+x
y = 2x − 1
3+x
Therefore, f −1(x) = 2x − 1 [3]

Section 9 Geometry and

trigonometry
1. a)

90º 60º

60º A 6 cm B
[3] [4]
b) AC = 10.4 cm [1]
b)
3. a) b)

30º [3]
5.5 cm
c)

60º X
A 7.5 cm B

45º [3]
d)

[5]
Angle BCX = 45° [1]
4.

C
D
120º
[3]

7 cm 8.1 cm

A 6.4 cm B
[5]
13
5. a) 2x + x = 180 9. AB2 = AC2 + BC2
3x = 180 72 = AC2 + 4.52
x = 180 AC2 = 72 − 4.52
3 AC = √28.75
x = 60° [2]
AC = 5.4 cm [2]
b) x + 60 = 90
x = 90 − 60 10. AB2 = AC2 + BC2
x = 30° [1] AB2 = 42 + 5.22
c) x + 90 + 120 + 100 = 360 AB2 = 43.04
x + 310 = 360 AB = √43.04
x = 360 − 310 AB = 6.6 cm [2]
PR
x = 50° [2] 11. tanQ = RQ
d) d = 60° (vertically opposite) [1] 12
tan 60° =
a = 180 − 60 = 120° [1] RQ
12
c = 120° (vertically opposite) [1] RQ = tan 60°
e = 120° (alternate) [1] RQ = 6.9 cm [2]
b = 60° [1] PR
12. tan Q = RQ
6. a) 90°
6
The angle in a semi-circle is a right angle. [1] tan Q = 8
b) 60°
The angles subtended by a chord at the circumference
Q = tan−1 (68)
of a circle and standing on the same arc are equal. [1] Q = 36.9° [2]
RQ
c) 180 − 80 = 100° 13. sin RPQ = PQ
The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are RQ
sin 30° = 12
supplementary. [1]
60 RQ = 12 × sin 30°
d) = 30°
2 RQ = 6 cm [2]
The angle subtended by a chord at the centre of a PR
14. sin PQR =
circle is twice the angle that the chord subtends at the PQ
6
circumference, standing on the same arc. [1] sin PQR = 9
e) 70°
The angle formed by the tangent to a circle and a PQR = sin−1 (69)
chord, at the point of contact, is equal to the angle in PQR = 41.8° [2]
the alternate segment. [1] RQ
15. cos PQR = PQ
7. a) QPR = 80° [2] RQ
cos 42° = 8.2
The angle formed by the tangent to a circle and a
chord, at the point of contact, is equal to the RQ = 8.2 × cos 42°
angle in the alternate segment. RQ = 6.1 cm [2]
PR
b) QOR = 160° [2] 16. cos RPQ = PQ
The angle subtended by a chord at the centre of a 3.8
cos RPQ = 9.4
circle is twice the angle that the chord subtends at the
9.4 )
(3.8
circumference, standing on the same arc. RPQ = cos−1
c) QSR = 180 − (80 + 80)
= 180 − 160 RPQ = 66.2° [2]
= 20° [2] 17. Using the sine rule
Tangents QS and RS are equal lengths. Triangle RQS is AB BC
sin C
= sin A
isosceles, making RQS = 80°. 4 6
sin C
=
8. a) ROC = 60° [2] sin 42°
The angle subtended by a chord at the centre of a 6 × sin C = 4 × sin 42°
4 × sin 42°
circle is twice the angle that the chord subtends at the sin C = 6
circumference, standing on the same arc. C = sin−1(0.446)
b) ABC = 30° C = 26.5° [2]
CAB = 90 − 30 = 60° [2]
18. Using the sine rule
c) OCQ = 30° BC AB
QCP = 90 + 30 = 120° =
sin A sin C
QPS = 180 − (120 + 30) = 30° [2] BC
= 9
d) QOC = 120° sin 20° sin 120°
9 × sin 20°
COR = 60° BC = sin 120°
180 – 60
OCR = = 60° BC = 3.6 cm [2]
2
RCA = 90 − 60 = 30° [2]

14
19. Using the cosine rule ii) Using the sine rule
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C a b
= sin B
sin A
BC 2 = 8.52 + 6.22 − 2(8.5)(6.2) cos 40° 65 50
BC 2 = 29.95 sin 100°
= sin OBA
BC = √29.95 sin OBA =
50 × sin 100°
BC = 5.5 cm [2] 65

20. Using the cosine rule sin OBA = 0.758

c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C OBA = sin−1(0.758)
5.62 = 72 + 6.22 − 2(7)(6.2) cos ABC OBA = 49.2° [3]

cos ABC =
2 2
7 + 6.2 – 5.6 2
iii) Bearing of O from B = 180 + 30 + 49.2 = 259.2° [1]
2(7)(6.2)
cos ABC = 0.646 23. T − Translation (53) [3]
ABC = cos−1(0.646) 24. Enlargement of scale factor 3
ABC = 49.8° [2] Centre of enlargement (−4, −8) [3]
21. a) 25. Reflection in the line x = 4 [2]
T 26. a) i) (0, 0) [1]
ii) 90° [1]
iii) Anticlockwise [1]
b) Congruent triangles [1]
1m A' − (−2, 2) , B' − (0, 2), C' − (0, 1)
c) Image after the transformation
A" − (−1, 0), B" − (1, 0) , C" − (1, −1) [3]
d)
40° 30°
Q y
O P [2]
OT
b) tan 40° = OP 3
11
tan 40° = OP
A
11
OP = tan 40° = 13.1 m [2] A’ 2 B’
11
c) tan 30° = OQ
1
11 C’
OQ = tan 30°
OQ = 19.1 m C B
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
PQ = OQ − OP
= 19.1 − 13.1 –1
=6m [3]
22. a)
–2

–3
110º
65 km
O B [3]
27. a) Sum of the interior angles of a triangle = 180°.
30º Triangle BCD is an isoseles triangle.
50 km 180 − 64
CDB = 2
= 58° [2]
A [5] b) BAD = 64°. The angles subtended by a chord at the
circumference of a circle and standing on the same arc
b) i) OAB = 70 + 30 are equal. [2]
= 100° [1] c) ADB = 90°. The angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
N N
ABD = 180 − (64 + 90) = 26° [2]
d) BDT = 64°. The angle formed by the tangent to a circle
110º and a chord, at the point of contact, is equal to the
65 km
O B angle in the alternate segment.
70º N DT = BT, therefore, triangle DBT is isosceles.
30º DTB = (180 − (2 × 64)) = 52° [2]
30º
50 km
70º
A

15
28. a) 4. a) 3x − (−12) =15
N 3x + 12 = 15
3x = 15 − 12
3x = 3
110º
120º x=3
N N 3
A
60 km 80 km x=1 [2]
60º 70º b) A−1 = ( )
1
15
1 −6
2 3
[2]
O B
[3] c) ( )( ) = (10 01)
1 1 −6
15 2 3
3 6
−2 1
[2]

b) OAB = 360 − (120 + 110) = 130° 5. The determinant of a singular matrix is zero.
Using the cosine rule (8 × 2) − (x × 4x) = 0
OB2 = OA2 + AB2 − (2 × OA × AB × cos OAB) 16 − 4x2 = 0
OB2 = 602 + 802 − ( 2 × 60 × 80 × cos 130) 4x2 = 16
OB2 = 16 171 x2 = 16
4
OB = 127.2 km [4]
x2 = 4
c) Using the sine rule
127.2 60
Therefore x = 2 or −2 [4]
= sin OBA
sin 130°
60 × sin 130°
6. a) ( )( ) ( )
2 3 x
5 −2 y
= 11
−1
[2]
sin OBA = 127.2 b) Determinant of matrix A = (2 × −2) − (3 × 5) = −19 [2]
sin OBA = 0.361
OBA = sin−1(0.361)
c) A−1 = − ( −32)
1 −2
19 −5
[2]

OBA = 21.2° d) (
− 1 −2 −3 2
19 −5 2 5 )( −23 )(xy) = − 191 (−5−2 −32)(−111)
The bearing of O from B = 360 − (70 + 21.2) = 268.8° [4]
(xy) = (13)
x = 1, y = 3 [5]
Section 10 Vectors and matrices 7. a) BA = BO + OA = ( )+( ) ( ) −3
−1
2
4
= −1
3
[2]
1. a) ( ) ( )
A+B= 1 3 + 2 1
−2 2 1 −3
b) BC = BO + OC = ( ) + ( ) ( )−3
−1
1
−4
= −2
−5
[2]

( )
= 3 4
−1 −1
[2] c) AB = ( 1 )
−3
b) ( ) ( )
A + 2B = 1 3 + 2 2 1
−2 2 1 −3
|AB| = √12 + (−3)2 = 3.16 units [2]

( )
= 5 5
0 −4
[2] d) Unit vector =
|AB|
AB
= ( )=(
1 1
3.16 −3
3.16
−0.949 ) [1]
c) ( ) ( )
B − 2A = 2 1 − 2 1 3
1 −3 −2 2 8. a) a + b = (2i + j) + (i − 3j) = 3i − 2j [2]
( )
= 0 −5
5 −7
[2] b) a − 2b = (2i + j) − 2(i − 3j)
= 2i + j − 2i + 6j
d) ( )( ) ( )
AB = 1 3 2 1 = 5 −8
−2 2 1 −3 −2 −8
[2] = 7j [2]
c) a − b = (2i + j) − (i − 3j)
e) ( )( )
A2 = 1 3 1 3
−2 2 −2 2 = 2i + j − i + 3j
( )
= −5 9
−6 −2
[2] = i + 4j
( )( )
A2B = −5 9 2 1
−6 −2 1 −3
|a − b| = √12 + 42 = 4.12 units [3]
9. a)
(
= −1 −32
−14 0) [2]
A
2. a) Determinant = (4 × 2) − (3 × −2)
= 8 − (−6)
Q
= 14 [1]
b) Determinant = (2 × 8) − (3 × 5)
=1 [1]
c) Determinant = (5 × 2) − (3 × 1)
= 13 [1]
d) Determinant = (6 × −2) − (3 × −1) O B
P [2]
= −9 [1]
b) i) BA = BO + OA = −b + a [2]
3. a) ( )
1 2 −3
14 2 4
[2]
ii) QB = QO + OB = − 2 OA + OB = − 2 a + b [2]
b) ( ) (
1 8 −3
1 −5 2
= 8 −3
−5 2 ) [2]
iii)
3
AP = AO + OP = −a + 1 b
3
[2]
2
c) ( )
1 2 3
13 −1 5
[2]
iv) QP = QO + OP = − 2 a + 1 b [2]
3 2
d) ( )
− 1 −2 −3
9 1 6
[2]

16
10. a) AB = AO + OB = (24) + (15) = (39) [2] 12. a) ( 01 −10 ) [2]
b) BC = BO + OC = ( −1) + ( 3 ) = ( 2) [2] b) ( −10 10 ) [2]
−5 11 6
c) AB = ( 3) c) ( −10 10 ) [2]
9
BC = ( 2) d) ( −24 ) −1 0 −2 2 [1]
6
BD = (
BC = 2 ( 3) = 2AB 0 1) ( 4 ) (4)
e) =
3 9 3
Therefore, BC and AB are parallel. They share a P' = ( ) + ( ) = ( )
4 2 6
10 4 14
common point B and hence A, B and C must be
P' (6, 14)
collinear. [3]
11. a) A (1, 3)
AC = ( 10 0
) ( −10 10 ) = (01 10)
−1
0 1 4
B (3, 1) P" = ( 1 ) ( ) = (10)
0 10
4
C (1, 1) [2] P" (10, 4) [4]
b) i) Enlargement of scale factor 3 [2]
13. a) i) AB = AO + OB = −a + b [2]
ii) Q × P = (−10 10) (30 03) = (−30 30) [3]
ii) BP = 1 BA = 1 (a − b) = 1 a − 1 b [2]
2 2 2 2
iii) A (−3 0) ( 1 ) = ( −3 ) iii) OP = OA + AP = OA + 1 AB = a + 1 (−a + b)
0 3 3 9
1 1 2 2
A' (−3, 9) [1] = a+ b [2]
2 2
B ( −3 0
0 3 )( )=( )
3
1
−9
3
iv) AQ = AO + OQ = AO + 1 OB = −a + 1 b
2 2
[2]
B' (−9, 3) [1] b) AX = AO + OX = AO + 3 OP = −a + 3 1 a + 1 b
( )
7 3 5 5 2 2
C ( −3 0
0 3 )( )=( )
1
1
−3
3
=− a+ b
10 10
[3]
C' (−3, 3) [1]

17