IEC 61850 Fundamentals

Dr. Alexander Apostolov

Los Angeles, CA

K02 03 20060309

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Communication in Substations
• Centralized monitoring and control
• With numerical relays (IEDs) substation automation has
become more popular and easy to install
• Reduced hardwiring – saving time and effort on
commissioning and maintenance
SCADA Protocol
To IMS/SCADA

HMI,s

Substation
Controller (s)

Communications Architecture

ISD ISD ISD ISD

Switchgear CTs & PTs Switchgear CTs & PTs

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Communication in Substations
SUBSTATION COMMUNICATION

Physical link Protocol

RS232 - copper Courier

RS485 - copper SPA

Ethernet - copper Profibus . . .

Proprietary
Ethernet – optic MODBUS

DNP3

IEC 60870 Open

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 Existing Protocol Limitations
• High engineering costs
• Each protocol had its own structure of
representing data (approx. US $ 28 billion spent
on application integration in 1998 – Forrester
1999.)
• Many protocols
• Inter-operability was an issue.
• Different levels of functionalities
• Use of proprietary protocol
• limited use of multi-user products
• Each protocol supported
Different standards followed in Europe and North
America

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 Market Requirements

• Global Market
• Needs a global standard
• Means a broad range of philosophies
• Mixing of devices, at least with copper
cables
• Cost reduction by
• Competition
• Intelligence (functions)

“IEC61850 tutorial, CIGRE Sept 2003.” – Klaus Peter Brand

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 Market Requirements

• Cost reduction in
• Investment
• Operation
• Maintenance
• Open standard, especially for the future
safe guard of investments

“IEC61850 tutorial, CIGRE Sept 2003.” – Klaus Peter Brand

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European historical perspective

• TC57 - Power systems management and

associated information exchange

• IEC 60870-6 TASE 1 - ELCOM90

TASE 2 - ICCP

• IEC 60870-5 101 telecontrol

102 metering
103 protection and control
104 telecontrol over TCP

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European historical perspective

• 1994 AHWG created 2 New Work Item

Proposals:
• Short term solution
• 103 = VDEW + Courier
• Longer term solution
• IEC 61850

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American historical perspective

• ANSI Market
• MODBUS
• MODBUS plus
• DNP 3.0 level 2

• EPRI UCA 1.0 - TASE.2 (ICCP)

2.0 - Substation Initiative

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New Standards Emerge

IEEE TR 1550:1999

UCA 2.0 is dead, forget it!

“UCA & 61850 for Dummies.” – Douglas Proudfoot

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Fred

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Lucy

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Working Group Members

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Working Group Members

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Working Group Members

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Working Group Members

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Working Group Members

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Working Group Members

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 Introduction

IEC 61850 REAL SUBSTATION

14 Parts Different vendors
>1000 pages (English only !) Interoperability
10 years of development Easy specification

Is it really that simple ?

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IEC 61850 Standard - Organization

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 IEC 61850: Basic applications
and possible extensions
ƒ Telecontrol of substations “sTCA”
in discussion, IEC TC57 / Ad Hoc Working
Group 07
ƒ Addendum Power Quality, Monitoring
under way, IEC 57/624/NP
ƒ Product standard for switchgear equipment
under way, IEC 62271-003
ƒ Control and monitoring of wind power
plants under way, IEC 61400-25
ƒ Control and monitoring of distributed
power stations under way, IEC 57/660/NP
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 IEC 61850: Basic applications
and possible extensions
ƒ Control and monitoring of hydroelectric
power plants
under way, IEC 57/661/NP
ƒ Metering (EPRI, IEEE), Gas, Water
in discussion
ƒ Several other WG within:
ƒIEEE PSRC H5: Setting, etc.
ƒUCA International: Testing, etc.
ƒCIGRE B5.11: Use of IEC 61850 in
substation, etc.
ƒDKE/VDN (Germany): Recommendations
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 IEC 61850 - in brief
• Not just another bus system…
• Goes far beyond almost all other
communication standards
• It extends the way automation devices
“work together”
• Defines WHAT to communicate and HOW to
communicate
• Everything has a name
• Configuration language for devices and
substations

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 IEC 61850 - in brief

• Selects communication protocols

• Applicable in substations and many other
domains
• Wind power
• Distributed Energy Resources
• Hydro

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 IEC 61850 - Scope
WG10: Functional Architecture and General Requirements

Remote control (NCC) Technical services

SUBSTATION
SUBSTATION LEVEL
LEVEL FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
TC57 Level 2

Bay Unit Level 1

-- Control
Control
-- Metering -- Protection
Protection Protection
Metering Protection
-- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder -- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder
-- Misc. TC57 TC95 TC95
Misc. Functions
Functions

Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and
transformers
transformers transformer
transformer transformers
transformers transformer
transformer Level 0
TC38 TC14, TC17 TC38 TC14, TC17

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 Station Bus
• WG11: Communication within and between Unit
and Station levels

Remote control (NCC) Technical services

SUBSTATION
SUBSTATION LEVEL
LEVEL FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
TC57 Level 2

Bay Unit Level 1

-- Control
Control
-- Metering -- Protection
Protection Protection
Metering Protection
-- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder -- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder
-- Misc. TC57 TC95 TC95
Misc. Functions
Functions

Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and
transformers
transformers transformer
transformer transformers
transformers transformer
transformer Level 0
TC38 TC14, TC17 TC38 TC14, TC17

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 Process Bus
• WG12: Communication within and between Process
and Unit levels

Remote control (NCC) Technical services

SUBSTATION
SUBSTATION LEVEL
LEVEL FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
TC57 Level 2

Bay Unit Level 1

-- Control
Control
-- Metering -- Protection
Protection Protection
Metering Protection
-- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder -- Disturbance
Disturbance recorder
recorder
-- Misc. TC57 TC95 TC95
Misc. Functions
Functions

Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and Instrumental
Instrumental Switchgear
Switchgear and
and
transformers
transformers transformer
transformer transformers
transformers transformer
transformer Level 0
TC38 TC14, TC17 TC38 TC14, TC17

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 IEC 61850 Standard
• Uses the strengths of the OSI 7 layer communication model
• Station bus
• Communication between IED and master stations
• Data polled by Master from IED (Buffered or un-buffered)
• Inter IED data exchange through multi-cast GOOSE
messages
• Process bus
• Communication between plant equipment and IEDs
(switchgear, Instrument transformers)
• Exchange of sampled values
• Bus separation is becoming less distinct

Standardized data models

for all applications

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Requirements of New Standard
• The goal of the IEC 61850 standard is to ensure:

Interoperability: The ability for IED’s from one or several

manufacturer to exchange information and use the
information for the their own functions.

Free Configuration: The support of different

philosophies and ability for free allocation of functions, i.e.
it will work equally well for centralized (RTU like) or
decentralized (SCS like) systems.

Long Term Stability: The standard shall be future proof,

i.e. it must be able to follow the progress in communication
technology as well as evolving system requirements.

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 Interoperability
• Ability of two or more IEDs from the same vendor, or
from different vendors, to exchange information and
use that information for correct execution of specified
functions
Has a DATA
MODEL model
that can be
accessed

Request

IED ISD The WHAT to

Response exchange (IEC
Intelligent 61850-7-3 &4)

Electronic
Event Device

The HOW to
exchange (IEC
61850-7-2)

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 Free Configuration of
communication
• Hardwired & point to point links

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 Free Configuration of
communication
• Separate Station and Process bus networks

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 Free Configuration of
communication
• Single substation bus network

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Distance Protection Function
Model

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Distance Protection Functions
Distribution
Distance Protection IED

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Distance Protection Functions
Distribution
Distance Protection IED
IOU

MU

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Distance Protection Functions
Distribution
IOU

Distance Protection IED

MU

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Generic Communication Model

Data Access Model

Semantics Services

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 Modeling Approach
• Functional Decomposition
• Used to understand the logical relationships
between components of a distributed function
and is presented in terms of logical nodes that
describe the functions, sub-functions and
functional interfaces
• Data Flow
• Used to understand the communication
interfaces that must support the exchange of
information between distributed functional
components and the functional performance
requirements

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 Modeling Approach
• Information Modeling
• Used to define the abstract syntax and semantics of the
information exchanged and is presented in terms of data
object classes and types, attributes, abstract object
methods (services) and their relationships

• Object oriented communications organise the data

by function to simplify distributed applications
• Standardized object models allow for application
interoperability
• Self-description and Meta-Data allows for online
validation
• Focus is shifting from data acquisition to Data
Management

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Functions, Logical Nodes and
Physical Devices

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Data Communication using IEC
61850
• Logical Nodes – 92 Logical Node Classes

“IEC61850-7-1 Standard”
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Data Communication using IEC
61850
• Logical Groupings – 13 different groups

“IEC61850-7-4 Standard”
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Virtualization

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 Virtualization

Real
Data/Devices
controller

Hides/encapsulates real World

(Virtual World)

class

Application class

ACSI class
Services

Virtual Device

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 Data Communication using IEC
61850
• Data classes and example

“IEC61850-7-1 Standard”
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 Data Communication using IEC
61850
• Logical groupings – Devices, nodes, classes and data.
Physical Device (Server)

Logical Device

Logical Node XCBR Logical Node MMXU

Data Class Pos Data Class A

Data StV Data PhA

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 IEC 61850 Class Model
Class Model of IEC 61850-7 (Example) Instances (Examples)
SERVER abc: SERVER

1..n
LOGICAL-
DEVICE
xyz: LOGICAL-DEVICE

* * Logical Node Classes defined in 7-4

PDIS XCBR
LOGICAL- myXCBR1: XCBR
NODE {Aggregation determined
by 7-4 table-references }

* *
MDD POS
Data Classes defined in 7-4
pos1: POS
SPS DPC
DATA Common Data Classes defined in 7-3

1..n
DATA-
ATTRIBUTE
stVal: DATA-ATTRIBUTE
{Values and Types are determined
by Common Data Classes}

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Self-describing Data

• A client can discover the device

server’s capabilities
• Comparable to the services of a
web browser
• Used initially when defining the
system configuration or during
tuning/maintenance of the system

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 Modeling Approach -
Standardized extensions

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Information Flow - Services

ISD Set, Operate,… <values>

Data

ISD
Report <values> Data

ISD Get, GetDef,… Data

<values>
ISD

ISD
multicast <values> Data

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Communication Concepts

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Basic Reference Model -
Services

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 Server Building Blocks
Server

Logical Device nameplate, health

Logical Node Reporting

& Logging Report
Control
Data
Substitution GOOSE GOOSE
Set
Data
Get/Set
Sampled
Values SMV
Dir/Definition

Activate Setting Group

Association Time Synchronisation File Transfer

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Logical Devices as Proxy
Servers
PHD “A“
Proxy/Gateway
LD1

LD1 LLN0
LLN0 LD specific
LN
LPHD
LPHD

PHD specific
LD2
LLN0
LN LN
LPHD

LD2
LD Proxy
LLN0
LLN0 LN
LPHD
LPHD

PHD “ B“

LD5
LD5

LD6
LD6

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 Mapping Example
Single LineDiagram Physical Device Bay Controller

limit
GGIO GAPC
overflow
General Input / Output Automatic
Process Control

added switch
XCBR XARC current
Circuit Breaker Monitoring for Arcs

RFLO distance
Fault Locator

TCTR PDIS reactance

ICIRC
Current Transformer Distance Protection
instantaneous
RDRE
TVTR (record)
Disturbance Recorder
Voltage Transformer
RMS
MMXU
demand
Measurement Unit
circulating
ATCC
current
Tap Changer Controller

Example for some current

related information

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 IEC 61850 Standard - System
Aspects
• Part 1 - Introduction and Overview
• An introduction and overview of the IEC 61850
standard series. It refers to and includes text and
Figures from other parts of the IEC 61850
standard series.

• Part 2 - Glossary
• A collection of specific terminology and
definitions used in the context of Substation
Automation Systems within the various parts of
the standard.

“IEC61850 Standard”
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 IEC 61850 Standard - System
Aspects
• Part 3 - General Requirements
• Quality Requirements ( reliability, maintainability, system
availability, security)
• Environmental conditions
• Auxiliary Services
• Other standards and specifications

• Part 4 - System and Project Management

• Engineering (parameter classification, engineering tools,
documentation)
• System lifecycle ( product versions, discontinuation, support
after discontinuation)
• Quality assurance ( responsibilities, test equipment type
tests, system tests, FAT and SAT)

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 IEC 61850 Standard - System
Aspects
• Part 5 - Communication Requirements for Functions and
Device Models
• Logical interfaces
• Requirements and interoperability
• Substation automation system functions:
• Function categories and list of functions
• Specification of functions
• Performance requirements of functions
• Logical nodes and PICOMs
• Concept
• Logical node categories and list of logical nodes
• The use of logical nodes, interaction of logical nodes
• Specification of message types with performance requirements
• List of PICOMs and classification of PICOMs to message types
• Performance calculations for typical substation configurations

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 IEC 61850 Standard -
Configuration
• Part 6 - Substations automation system
configuration language
• Overview of intended system engineering
process
• Definition of system parameter exchange file
format based on XML containing:
• primary system schematic (single line) description
• Communication connection description
• IED capabilities
• Allocation of logical instances to primary system
• Allocation of logical nodes to physical devices.

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Data
Modelling
• Part 7 Basic Communication Structure for
Substation and Feeder Equipment

• Part 7-1 Principles and Models

• Introduction to part 7-x
• Concepts of communication modeling in IEC 61850

• Part 7-2 Abstract Communication Service Interface

• Specification of abstract communication models and
services
• Concepts of hierarchical object model

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Data
Modelling

• Part 7-3 Common Data Classes

• Part 7-4 Compatible Logical node classes

and data classes
• Definitions of logical node classes and data
classes
• logical node classes are composed of data
classes

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Station
Bus Mapping
• Part 8-1 - Mapping to MMS and ISO/IEC 8802-3
• Mapping of communication models from part 7-2 except the model for
transmission of sampled values

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Mapping to MMS

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IEC61850 & UCA2 Correlation

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 IEC 61850 Standard - Process
Bus Mapping
• Part 9-1 - Sampled values over serial
unidirectional multi-drop point to point link
• Mapping of the core elements from the model for
transmission of sampled measured values
• Use of IEEE 802.3

• Part 9-2 Sampled values over ISO/IEC 8802-3

• Mapping of the complete model for transmission of
sampled measured values and the model for
generic object orineted system events (GOOSE)
• The mapping of the other models of part 7-2 is
according to part 8-1

“IEC61850 Standard”
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 IEC 61850 Standard - Scope
• Part 9-1 (contd.)

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 IEC 61850 Standard -
Conformance

• Part 10 - Conformance Testing

• Conformance test procedure
• Quality assurance and testing
• Required documentation
• Device related conformance testing
• Certification of test facilities, requirement and
validation of test equipment

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IEC 61850 Standard - Summary

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 IEC61850 Key Benefits (1)
• Speed: 100 Mbps instead of few 10 kbps
• More data for a better operation & maintenance
• Peer-to-peer: No extra hardware
• Design of innovative automation schemes, late
tuning
• Conditional report instead of polling
• Optimal performances
• IP (Internet Protocol) routing: Ubiquitous
data access
• Capability to extend the system outside of the
substation
A true step forward

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 IEC61850 Key Benefits (2)
• Client-server: Instead of master-slave
• Flexible designs easy to upgrade

• Pre-defined names: Single vocabulary

between users
• Easier engineering between teams
• XML references: Formal interfaces
• Consistency between engineering tools

• IEC 61850 is independent of short term

benefits: focuses on the “long living
application objects”

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 IEC61850 Key Benefits (3)

• Independent of current product; stable over

several product cycles (long term stability)
• Independent of operating systems and
programming languages
• independent of middleware
• Independent of communication systems
• Independent of vendor (multi-vendor
support)

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