S.Y.

2022 - 2023

Mathematics 8
Course Outline

I. Description:
The contents of mathematics include Geometry, Patterns & Algebra and Statistics and Probability.
Geometry as a strand includes inductive and deductive reasoning, writing proofs, triangle congruence,
relations and inequalities, and parallel and perpendicular lines. Patterns and Algebra as a strand studies
special products and factoring, rational expressions, equations and function, and system of two linear
equations in two variables and applications. Statistics and Probability as a strand is all about measures of
central tendency of ungrouped and grouped data, measures of variability, and probability.

II. Objectives:
A. Mission Statement of the School
Our mission is to provide a quality Christian education that enables the students to respond to the
changes and challenges of time for the glory God through Christ Jesus.

B. General Objectives
At the end of the school year, the students shall be able to:
a. formulate real-life problems involving factors of polynomials, rational algebraic expressions,
linear equations and inequalities in two variables, systems of linear equations and inequalities in
two variables and linear functions, and solve these problems accurately using a variety of
strategies;
b. formulate and solve accurately real-life problems involving linear inequalities in two variables,
systems of linear inequalities in two variables, and linear functions;
c. communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating and analyzing
arguments;
d. communicate mathematical thinking with coherence and clarity in formulating, investigating,
analyzing, and solving real-life problems involving triangle congruence, relations, and
inequalities, parallelism and perpendicularity of lines using appropriate and accurate
representations; and
e. formulate and solve practical problems involving measure of central tendency, variability, and
probability of simple events.
C. Specific Objectives
a. Special Products
 Identify polynomials that are special products
 Multiply sum and difference of two terms
 Evaluate square of binomial
 Identify polynomials that are special products
 Find the product of cube of binomial and factors that will give a sum and difference to
two cubes

b. Factoring
 Factor numbers completely
 Determine the GCF of a polynomial
 Factor difference of two squares
 Factor perfect square trinomial
 Factor polynomial by grouping
 Factor sum or difference of two cubes
 Factor general trinomial
 Factor polynomial completely

c. Rational Expressions
 Identify domain and range of rational expressions
 Simplify rational expressions using factoring technique
 Multiply rational expressions
 Divide rational expressions using multiplication method
 Add and subtract rational expressions using the pattern of adding and subtracting rational
numbers
 Simplify rational expressions
 Solve problems involving rational expressions

d. Integral Exponents
 State the laws of exponent
 Apply the laws of positive exponent in simplifying exponential expression
 Simplify exponential expressions with zero and negative exponent
 Use laws of exponents in evaluating expressions

e. Rectangular Coordinate System

 Describe the rectangular coordinate system and its uses
 Define and illustrate relation, its domain and range
 Define and illustrate ordered pairs
 Graph equations by plotting points
 Illustrate intercepts of graphs.
f. Graphs of Linear Equation in Two Variables
 Graph linear equations in two variables (x, y)
 Define and illustrate the slope of a lines
 Identify different forms of linear equations

g. Functions and Relations

 Define relation and function by differentiating them to one another
 Differentiate the domains and ranges of relation and function

h. Function Notation and Operations

 Define the notation f(x)
 Determine the value of f(x) given the value of x
 Perform operations on functions

i. Graphs of Function
 Identify whether a function is odd, even, or neither odd nor even
 Construct a table of values of the given function

j. Linear Functions
 Define linear function and graph it
 Determine the slope and y-intercept of a given linear function
 Solve problems involving linear functions

k. System of Linear Equations in Two Variables

 Determine the solution of system of linear equations by simply substituting the values of
x and y
 Determine the types of system of linear equations in two variables
 Solve system of linear equations by graphical method
 Solve system of linear equations by substitution method
 Solve system of linear equations by elimination method
 Solve system of linear equations by comparison method
 Solve problems involving system of linear equations in two variables
 Solve problems involving system of linear equations in two variables

l. Linear Inequalities and System of Linear Inequalities

 Determine the solutions of linear inequalities in two variables
 Graph linear inequalities
 Illustrate the solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables graphically
 Solve problems involving system of linear inequalities in two variables

m. Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

 Use patterns and inductive reasoning to make conjectures
  Write the negation of a statement
 Formulate the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of an implication
 Use deductive reasoning in writing formal arguments
 Write direct and indirect proofs
 Differentiate between postulate and theorem
 Illustrate postulates and prove theorems involving undefined terms and basic concepts in
geometry

n. Triangle Congruence
 Define and illustrate triangle congruence
 Investigate congruence of triangles inductively
 State and illustrate SSS, SAS, ASA, and SAA congruence postulate and theorems
 Prove congruence of triangles deductively using SSS, SAs, ASA, and SAA conditions
 Apply SAS, SSS, ASA, and SAA congruence conditions to prove congruence in right, equilateral
and isosceles triangles
 Illustrate and prove relations among angles and sides of a triangle
 State and prove theorems on triangle inequalities
 Prove the inequality properties in a triangle

o. Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

 Define parallel and perpendicular lines
 Illustrate and prove properties of parallel lines cut by transversal
 Prove the condition under which lines and segments are parallel or perpendicular

p. Measure of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and Grouped Data

 Define mean, median, and mode of ungrouped and grouped data.
 Describe statistical data using the measures of central tendency

q. Measures of Variability
 Discuss the meaning of variability
 Calculate the different measures of variability of grouped and ungrouped data
 Describe statistical data using

r. Probability
 Define an experiment, an outcome, a sample space, and an event
 Count the number of occurrences of an outcome in an experiment and organize them
using a table and systematic listings

III. Course Contents:

A. First Grading:
a. Factoring
 Factoring numbers
 Common Monomial Factor
  Factoring difference of two squares
 Factoring perfect square trinomial
 Factoring sum or difference of two cubes
 Factoring general trinomial
 Problem Solving involving factors of polynomials

b. Rational Expressions
 Domains of Rational Expressions
 Simplest form of Rational Expressions
 Addition and subtraction of Rational Expressions
 Multiplication of Rational Expressions
 Division of Rational Expressions

c. Rectangular Coordinate System

 Ordered pairs
 Relations
 Domain and Range
 Rectangular coordinate plane
 Graphs of Equation
 Intercepts of Graphs

d. Graphs of Linear Equation in Two variables

 Linear Equations in x and y
 Slope of a line
 Forms of Linear equations
- Illustrating ax +by = c in the form of y = mx + b and vice versa
 Graphing Linear Equations
- Two-point method
- X and y intercept method
- Slope-point method
 Describing the graph of a linear equation in terms of its intercepts and slopes
 Equation of the line
- Two points
- Slope and the point
- Slope and its intercepts

e. System of Linear Equations in Two variables

 Illustrating a system of linear equations in two variables
 Graphing a system of linear equations in two variables
 Categorizing the system of linear equations in two variables
- Parallel
- Intersecting
- Coinciding
  Problem Solving involving systems of linear equations in two variables
- Graphing
- Substitution
- Elimination

B. Second Grading Period:

a. Linear Inequalities and Systems of Linear Inequalities in Two variables
 Differentiating Linear Inequalities in two variables from Linear equations in two
variables
 Illustrating and Graphing Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
 Problem Solving Involving Linear Inequalities in Two Variables
 Problem Solving involving Systems of Linear Inequalities in two variables

b. Functions and Relations

 Illustrating Relations and Functions
 Identifying functions from relations
 Dependent and Independent variables
 Finding Domain and Range in a function
 Graphing and illustrating Linear function and its
- Domain
- Range
- Table of values
- Intercepts, and
- Slope

c. Logic and Reasoning

 Determining the relationship between the hypothesis and the conclusion of an if-then
statement
 Transforming statements into an equivalent if-then statement
 Determining the inverse, converse, and contrapositive of an if-then statement
 Inductive or Deductive reasoning in an argument
 Writing proof (Direct and Indirect)

C. Third Grading:
a. Key Concepts of Axiomatic Structure
 Describing mathematical system
 Illustrating the need for an axiomatic structure of a mathematical system in general and
in Geometry in particular;
- Defined terms;
- Undefined terms;
- Postulates; and
- Theorems
 b. Geometry and Triangle Congruence
 Illustrating Triangle Congruence
 Illustrating the SAS, ASA, and SSS congruence postulates
 Solving corresponding parts of congruent triangles
 Proving triangle congruence
 Applying triangle congruence to construct perpendicular lines and angle bisector

D. Fourth Grading Period:

a. Concepts of Inequalities in a Triangle, and Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
 Illustrating theorems on Triangle Inequalities
- Exterior angle
- Inequality theorem
- Triangle Inequality theorem
- Hinge theorem
 Applying theorems on Triangle inequalities
 Proving inequalities in a triangle
 Proving properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal
 Determining the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or perpendicular

b. Probability
 Illustrating experiments, outcome, sample space, and event.
 Counting the number of occurrences of an outcome in an outcome in an experiment:
- Table
- Tree diagram
- Systematic listing
- Fundamental Counting Principle
 Finding the probability of a simple event
 Illustrating an experimental probability and a theoretical probability
 Problem Solving involving probabilities of simple events

IV. Strategies of Teaching

A. Lecture – Discussion Method
B. Cooperative and Collaborative learning
C. Discovery learning
D. Integration to other subjects
E. Audio- Visual presentations
F. Oral recitation
G. Math Games
H. Think-Pair-Share
I. Reporting
J. Using manipulation tools
V. Measurement and Evaluation:
The following will be used to measure and evaluate the achievements and performances of the students,
together with their respective weights.

A. Seatwork 20%
B. Assignment 10%
C. Participation 20%
D. Attendance 15%
E. Quarterly Exam 25%
F. Decorum 10%
100%

VI. Reference:
Ulpina, Jisela N. & Tizon, Lydia T. (2014). Math Builders 8. Valenzuela City, Philippines: JO-ES
Publishing House, Inc.

Crisostomo, Ricardo M., et al. Our World of Math 8. Quezon City, Philippines: Vibal Group, Inc.

Prepared by: Ms. Jelyn D. Labrador