Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient

Problem

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Conventions Used in this Guide

Please take a moment to review how instructions and other useful information are presented in this
guide.

l Procedures are presented as numbered lists. A single bullet indicates that the procedure
has only one step.
l Bold type is used for the following:
o Keyboard entries that should be typed in their entirety exactly as shown. For example,
“copy file1” means the word copy must be typed, then a space must be typed, and then
file1 must be typed.
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mands. Menu commands are often separated by carats. For example, “click HFSS>Ex-
citations>Assign>Wave Port.”
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key labeled Enter.
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mands are available in the application.

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Draw tab and execute the Box command to draw a box.
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arranged by category such File, Edit, View, Project, etc. An example of a typical user inter-
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l Another alternative is to use the short-cut menu that appears when you click the right-mouse
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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

“Right-click and select Assign Excitation>Wave Port” means when you click the right-
mouse button with an object face selected, you can execute the excitation commands from
the short-cut menu (and the corresponding sub-menus).

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Contents-1

1 - Introduction 1-1

The Maxwell Desktop 1-2

2 - Setting Up the Design 2-1

3 - Importing the Geometric Model 3-1

Open the Magnetostatic Project 3-1

4 - Defining the Design Properties 4-1

Define the Currents 4-2

Add a Winding 4-2

Add a Winding Terminal 4-3

Boundary Conditions 4-4

Set Up the External Circuit 4-4

Add the Circuit Elements 4-5

Connect the Circuit Elements in Series 4-7

Export the Netlist 4-8

Save the Maxwell Circuit Design 4-8

Assign the External Circuit 4-9

5 - Setting Up and Running the Analysis 5-1

Run the Analysis 5-1

6 - Post Processing the Results 6-1

Plot the Magnetic Flux Density Vector 6-1

Create an Object List 6-1

Plot the Quantity 6-1

Set the Solution Context 6-2

Adjust the Plot Parameters 6-3

Plot the Current Density Distribution 6-4

Contents-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Plot Torque and Current 6-5

Create a Torque vs. Time Plot 6-5

Create a Current vs. Time Plot 6-6

Close the Plot 6-7

7 - Including Motion in the Simulation 7-1

Add Motion to the Design 7-1

Add a Band Object to the Design 7-1

Assign Motion to the Band Object 7-2

Apply Meshing to the Band Object 7-3

Set Up the Transient Analysis 7-3

Run the Transient Analysis 7-4

Post Process the Transient Results 7-4

Create a Position vs. Time Plot 7-4

Current vs. Time Plot with Motion 7-5

Torque vs. Time Plot with Motion 7-6

Create a Power Loss vs. Time Plot 7-7

Close the Project and Exit Electronics Desktop 8-2

Index Index-2

Contents-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

1 - Introduction
This Getting Started Guide is written for Maxwell beginners and experienced users who would like
to quickly re-familiarize themselves with the capabilities of Maxwell. This guide leads you step-by-
step through solving and analyzing the results of a rotational actuator magnetostatic problem with
motion.

By following the steps in this guide, you will learn how to perform the following tasks:

l Modify a model’s design parameters.

l Assign variables to a model’s design parameters.
l Specify solution settings for a design.
l Validate a design’s setup.
l Run a Maxwell simulation.
l Plot the magnetic flux density vector.
l Include motion in the simulation.

Note:

This guide assumes that you have already completed the magnetostatic example in
Getting Started with Maxwell: Designing a Rotational Actuator. If you have not, you
may use the project in the example directory; however, it is strongly recommended
that you complete the magnetostatic example.

Maxwell Solution Types

Maxwell® is an interactive software package that uses finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate
(solve) electromagnetic field problems. Maxwell integrates with other ANSYS Electromagnetic soft-
ware to perform complex tasks while remaining simple to use. Maxwell® incorporates a set of 2D
solvers and 3D solvers in the ANSYS Electronics Desktop integrated user interface. This guide will
focus on 3D capabilities. 2D problem examples are covered in a separate 2D Getting Started
Guide.

The following six types of stand-alone solutions are supported by Maxwell 3D:

l Magnetostatic linear and nonlinear 3D fields caused by a user-specified distribution of

DC current density and permanent or externally applied magnetic fields. Materials can be
non-linear and anisotropic. Additional quantities that can be computed include torque, force,
and self and mutual inductances.
l Harmonic (sinusoidal variation in time) steady-state magnetic fields with pulsation-
induced eddy currents in massive solid conductors caused by one of the following:
o A user-specified distribution of AC currents (all with the same frequency but with possibly
different initial phase angles).

Introduction 1-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

o Externally applied magnetic fields.

This solution includes displacement currents for calculating near field electromagnetic wave
radiation.
l Transient (time domain) magnetic fields caused by permanent magnets, con-
ductors, and windings supplied by voltage and/or current sources with arbitrary variation
as functions of time. Rotational or translational motion effects can be included in the sim-
ulation.
l Electrostatic 3D fields caused by a user-specified distribution of voltages and charges
in non-conducting regions. Additional quantities that can be computed include torque,
force, and capacitances.
l Electric DC Conduction 3D fields in conductors characterized by a spatial dis-
tribution of voltage, electric field, and current density. Power loss can also be computed.
In addition, optional simulation of fields in insulating materials is supported.
l Transient (time domain) 3D Electric fields caused by time dependent voltage, cur-
rent and charge distributions. All sources are arbitrary functions of time.

In addition, Maxwell may be coupled with other simulators to provide a greater range of solution
capability. Couplings to Workbench for thermal and stress analysis, HFSS for ferrite analysis, and
Twin Builder for Finite Element/Circuit co-simulation are all supported.

The Maxwell Desktop

The following graphic shows the different sections of the Maxwell desktop:

Introduction 1-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

General Procedure for Setting Up Maxwell Designs

You are not required to follow a specific order when setting up your Maxwell design. However, the
following order is recommended, particularly for new users:

1. Open ANSYS Electronics Desktop by double-clicking the desktop icon or by clicking

Start>Programs>ANSYS EM Suite [version]>ANSYS Electronics Desktop [version]
from the Windows taskbar.
2. Add a Maxwell 3D design and save the new project.
3. Draw the geometry of the model.
4. Optionally, modify the model's design parameters.
5. Assign variables to design parameters.
6. Assign excitations and boundary conditions.
7. Specify solution settings.
8. Run a Maxwell simulation.
9. Create post-processing plots.
10. Create a parametric analysis.

Introduction 1-3

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

11. Create a field animation of the parametric analysis results.

12. Include motion in the transient design.

About the Example Design

The application described in this Getting Started guide is an extension of the TEAM Workshop
Problem 24 rotational actuator design. The geometry is shown below:

The outer part is a ferromagnetic nonlinear armature carrying two coils. The inner part is made of
the same nonlinear material and can rotate around an axis. The inner and outer parts of the device
are co-axial.

The field distribution will likely cause the flux density to concentrate in the two steel armatures in the
regions where the distance between them is minimal. The expected edge effect will then further
increase the field concentration.

In this example, we will compute the torque acting on the inner armature and the flux linkage of the
two coils. Simulation results show a 3D electromagnetic time-transient problem with the effects of
large motion included. Both the rotor and stator are made of solid ferromagnetic steel, creating sig-
nificant eddy current effects. A nonlinear B-H curve is considered for the stator and rotor steel. The
solution includes the estimated mechanical rotor inertia. For a presentation of the results and the

Introduction 1-4

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

corresponding FEM code, see the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 38, No. 2, March 2002, pp
609-612.

Introduction 1-5

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

2 - Setting Up the Design

In this chapter you will complete the following tasks:
l Open and save a new project.
l Insert a new Maxwell design into the project.
l Select a solution type for the project.
l Set the drawing units for the design.

Open and Save a New Project

A project is a collection of one or more designs that is saved in a single *.aedt file. A new project is
automatically created when ANSYS Electronics Desktop is launched.

To open ANSYS Electronics Desktop, add a new Maxwell 3D design, and save the default project
with a new name:

1. Double-click the ANSYS Electronics Desktop icon on your desktop to launch

ANSYS Electronics Desktop.

l You can also start ANSYS Electronics Desktop by clicking

Start>Programs>ANSYS EM Suite [version]>ANSYS Electronics Desktop [ver-
sion] from Windows.

2. Click Project>Insert Maxwell 3D Design.

The new design is listed in the project tree. By default, it is named Maxwell3DDesign1. The
Modeler window appears to the right of the Project Manager.

3. Click File>Save As.

The Save As dialog box appears.
4. Locate and select the folder in which you want to save the project.

5. Type Rotational_Act_TR in the File name box, and click Save.

The project is saved in the specified folder under the name Rotational_Act_TR.mxwl.

6. Rename the design:

a. Right-click Maxwell3DDesign1.
A shortcut menu appears.
b. Select Rename.
The design name becomes highlighted and editable.
c.

c. Type Rotational_Act_TR as the name for the design, and press Enter. The pro-

Setting Up the Design 2-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

ject and design are now both named Rotational_Act_TR.

Specify a Solution Type

As mentioned in the introduction, multiple solution types are available, depending on the specific
application. For this design, choose a Transient solution.

To specify the solution type:

1. Click Maxwell3D>Solution Type.

The Solution Type dialog box appears.
2. Select the Transient radio button.
3. Click OK.

Set the Drawing Units

To set the drawing units:

1. Click Modeler>Units.
The Set Model Units dialog box appears.
2. Select mm from the Select units pull-down menu.
3. Click OK.

Setting Up the Design 2-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

3 - Importing the Geometric Model

In this chapter you will open the Magnetostatic Getting Started project, copy the objects definitions
and material properties, and paste the objects and materials into the Rotational_Act_TR transient
project.

If you have not completed the magnetostatic guide Getting Started with Maxwell: Designing a Rota-
tional Actuator, it is strongly recommended that you do so to gain necessary knowledge of mod-
eling and material assignment principles. You may, however, use the project in the example
directory.

In this chapter you will complete the following tasks:

l Open the Magnetostatic Getting Started example.
l Copy and paste geometry and materials to the current project.

Open the Magnetostatic Project

The geometry and materials used in this project are identical to the magnetostatic guide Rota-
tional_Actuator project.

To open the magnetostatic project:

1. Click File>Open Examples.

The Windows file browser opens to the Examples folder installed with your application.
2. Locate the Maxwell3D\Getting_Started folder containing the Rotational_actuator project
from the magnetostatic guide, Getting Started with Maxwell: Designing a Rotational
Actuator.
3. Select the file Rotational_actuator.aedt and click Open.
The project is opened and is now listed in the Project Manager Window as shown.

Copy and Paste Objects between Projects

The ability to copy and paste objects and their associated material assignments is a useful and
time-saving function of the ANSYS Electronics Desktop software.

In order to copy objects, all objects must be selected.

Importing the Geometric Model 3-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

1. With the Rotational_actuator project in the modeler window, click in the modeler window
and then click Edit>Select All to select all object regardless of their visibility status.
The History Tree will expand and highlight all objects in the design.
2. Click Edit>Copy to copy the object and material definitions to the clipboard.
3. Click on the Rotational_Act_TR(Transient) design in the Project Manager window to
switch the Modeler window to the transient project.
4. Click Edit>Paste to paste all objects and material definitions into the transient project.
5. Click View>Fit All>All Views to fit the objects to the window. You may also use the key-
board shortcut Ctrl-D.
6. In the Project Manager window, select the magnetostatic project Rotational_Actuator
and click File>Close.
Your screen should look approximately like the one below.

7. Click File>Save to save the model before moving on to the next chapter.

Importing the Geometric Model 3-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

4 - Defining the Design Properties

For the transient problem, you want to use a pulse excitation to drive the coils. In order to accom-
plish this, you will assign a external current winding excitation to the coils and use the Maxwell Cir-
cuit Editor to create the external driving circuit including a pulse source. You will also allow the
software to calculate the eddy currents in the solid metal objects in the model.

In this chapter you will complete the following tasks:

l Verify material properties.
l Assign excitations.
l Set up an external circuit for the current winding
l Set up the mesh operations.
l Specify the eddy effect.

Verify Material Properties

Material properties are automatically transferred when you copied the geometry objects. You can
view these properties by viewing the Attribute tab of the Properties window.

To verify the nonlinear material for the armatures:

1. Expand the History Tree as shown.

2. Double-click the Outer_arm object in the history tree.

The Properties window appears.
3. In the Material row, click the button in the Value column labeled arm_steel, then click Edit.
The Select Definition dialog box appears.
4. Click the View/Edit Material button.
The View/Edit Material dialog box appears.

Defining the Design Properties 4-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

5. In the Relative Permeability row, click the B-H Curve button.

The BH Curve dialog box appears as shown.

6. Click Cancel in the BH Curve dialog.

The BH Curve dialog box closes.
7. Continue dismissing dialogs until you have returned to the Modeler window.

Assign Excitations

Currents need to be defined and assigned as excitations for the two coil terminals.

Define the Currents

To define the currents:

1. Select Section1 and Section 2 in the history tree under Sheets.

2. Click Maxwell3D>Excitations>Assign>Coil Terminal.

The Coil Terminal Excitation dialog box appears.

3. Type 350 n the Number of Conductors box.

4. Click OK.

Add a Winding
To add a winding for the excitation:

Defining the Design Properties 4-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

1. Click Maxwell3D>Excitations>Add Winding.

The Winding dialog box appears.
2. Type currentwinding in the Name box (the default is Winding1).
3. Set the Type to External.
4. Select the Stranded radio button.
5. Leave the Initial Current set to the default value of 0 (zero).

Note:

We are using an external circuit to supply the excitation to the coil. For this
example, we also could have used a voltage type of excitation.

6. Click OK.

Add a Winding Terminal

To add a terminal for the winding:

1. In the project tree, under Excitations, right-click currentwinding.

A shortcut menu appears.
2. Select Add Terminals from the shortcut menu.
The Add Terminals dialog box appears.
3. In the list, select CoilTerminal_1, press and hold down the Shift key, and select CoilTer-
minal_2.
4. Click OK.

Defining the Design Properties 4-3

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

In the project tree, the two terminals are moved beneath the winding as shown below.

Boundary Conditions
The region box (bgnd) by default has all faces assigned with magnetic flux tangent boundary con-
ditions. Thus, for this problem no additional boundary conditions are needed.

Set Up the External Circuit

The driving circuit for the winding in this design consists of a voltage source in series with a resistor
and with the winding. When complete, the circuit should look similar to the following figure.

Defining the Design Properties 4-4

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Add the Circuit Elements

To add the circuit elements in Maxwell Circuit Editor:

1. Click Project>Insert Maxwell Circuit Design.

The Maxwell Circuit Editor opens with a default circuit sheet as shown below.

Defining the Design Properties 4-5

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

2. Click the Components tab in the Component libraries window.

3. Place the winding circuit element on the sheet:

a. In the component libraries tree, under Maxwell Circuit Elements/Dedicated Ele-

ments, select the Winding element.
b. Click on, and Drag the Winding element onto the sheet.
c. Right-click in the Schematic window, and select Finish to exit component placement
mode.
d. To view the properties, double-click the component in the Schematic window.
The Properties window appears.
e. Change the Name to currentwinding, the same name you used when defining the
winding in the Maxwell design.
f. Click OK.
g. Click Draw>Rotate, and position the winding vertically.

4. Place a resistor on the sheet:

Defining the Design Properties 4-6

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

a. In the component libraries tree, under Passive Elements, select Res:Resistor.

b. Drag the resistor onto the sheet.
c. Right-click, and select Finish to exit placement mode.
d. Double-click the symbol of the resistor, change the value of the resistor, R, to 3.09,
keep the Unit value set to ohm, and click OK.

5. Place a voltage pulse on the sheet:

a. In the component libraries tree, under Sources select a VPulse element (Pulse
Voltage Source).
b. Drag it to the sheet, and then right-click and select Finish.

c. Double-click the source element symbol on the sheet, and then specify the following
source characteristics:

Parameter Value Description

V1 0 Initial voltage
V2 5.97 Peak voltage
Td 0 Initial delay
time
Tr 0.001 Rise time
Tf 0.001 Fall time
Pw 1 Pulse width
Period 2
d. Leave the other fields set to the default values, and click OK.

Connect the Circuit Elements in Series

To connect the circuit elements in series:

1. From within the Maxwell Circuit Editor, click Draw>Wire.

2. Click one terminal of the inductor and draw the wire to one resistor terminal as shown.

Defining the Design Properties 4-7

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

3. Repeat until a closed circuit is formed.

Note:

For the current winding, the “dotted” terminal is positive and current is positive
when it flows from the “dotted” terminal to the “undotted” terminal. Connecting the
winding as shown results in negative current in the plot in the Create a Current vs
Time Plot in Chapter 6. You may reverse the winding orientation with no change
to the problem except for the plot which would show positive current in that case.

4. When done, place the Ground symbol:

a. Click Draw>Ground,

b. Place the Ground symbol on the sheet as shown below, right-click, and select Finish.

Export the Netlist

To export the netlist:

1. From within the Maxwell Circuit Editor, click Maxwell Circuit>Export Netlist.
The Netlist Export dialog box appears.
2. Select the folder where you want to save the external circuit file.
3. Type trans_circ in the File name box.
4. Click Save.
The Netlist Export dialog box closes and the Maxwell Circuit Editor reappears.

Save the Maxwell Circuit Design

To save the Maxwell Circuit design:

1. Right-click the circuit design in the Project tree, select Rename on the context menu, and
enter ExternalCircuit as the name.

Defining the Design Properties 4-8

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

2. Click File>Save to save the project with the new circuit design.

Assign the External Circuit

To assign the circuit in Maxwell:

1. Click Maxwell3D>Excitations>External Circuit>Edit External Circuit.

The Edit External Circuit dialog box appears.
2. Click Import Circuit Netlist.
The Select File dialog box appears.
3. Select Maxwell Circuit Netlist Files (*.sph) from the Files of type pull-down list.
4. Browse to the location where you saved the circuit, select trans_circ.sph, and click Open to
import it.
5. Click OK to close the Edit External Circuit dialog box.

Set Up Mesh Operations

This example involves transient magnetic fields in the presence of massive (solid) conductors, cre-
ating eddy currents. To catch the effects with reasonable accuracy, a finer mesh is required in
those objects because skin effects are part of an accurate transient solution.

To seed the mesh to the desired density in the Outer_arm and Inner_arm objects:

1. Select Outer_arm from the history tree, press and hold down Ctrl, and then select Inner_
arm.
2. Click Maxwell3D>Mesh>Assign Mesh Operation>Inside Selection>Length Based.
The Element Length Based Refinement dialog box appears.
3. Type 10 in the Maximum Length of Elements box, and select mm as the units.
4. Leave the Restrict the Number of Elements check box unchecked.
5. Click OK.

This operation refines the mesh at run-time before the transient problem solution begins. This
mesh will be used for all time steps; therefore, the mesh density should be appropriate for the anti-
cipated field behavior for the entire transient analysis.

Specify the Eddy Effect Calculation

Eddy effects can be calculated in objects with non-zero electric conductivity.

To calculate eddy effects:

1. Click Maxwell3D>Excitations>Set Eddy Effects.

The Set Eddy Effect dialog box appears.
2. Select the check boxes for the Inner_arm and Outer_arm objects.
3. Click OK.

Specifying Torque Calculation

Defining the Design Properties 4-9

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

To set up the torque calculation:

1. Select the Inner_arm object by clicking its name in the history tree window.
2. In the project tree, right-click Parameters row.
A shortcut menu appears.
3. Select Assign>Torque from the shortcut menu.
The Torque dialog box appears.
4. Select Global:Z from the Axis pull-down list.
5. Select the Positive radio button for the axis orientation.
6. Click OK.

Defining the Design Properties 4-10

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

5 - Setting Up and Running the

Analysis
In this chapter you will complete the following tasks:
l Set up the analysis.
l Run and solve the analysis.

Set Up the Analysis

To set up the analysis:

1. Right-click Analysis in the project tree.

A shortcut menu appears.

2. Select Add Solution Setup.

The Solve Setup dialog box appears.

3. Click the General tab.

4. Type 0.04 in the Stop time box, and select s as the unit.
5. Type 0.005 in the Time step box, and select s as the unit.

6. To save fields during the solution:

a. Click the Save Fields tab.

b. Select Linear Step from the Type pull-down list to identify the type of sweep.
c. Type 0.0 in the Start box.
d. Type 0.04 in the Stop box.
e. Type 0.005 in the Step Size box.
f. Click Add to List.
7. Click OK.
8. Click File>Save to save the model before running the analysis.

Run the Analysis

To run the analysis:

l Right-click Analysis in the Project Manager window, and select Analyze in the shortcut
menu. The time required to complete the analysis depends upon the speed and memory
capability of your machine and other applications that may be using machine resources. The
status of the simulation is reported in the Progress bar.

Setting Up and Running the Analysis 5-1

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

6 - Post Processing the Results

In this chapter you will complete the following tasks:
l Plot the magnetic flux density vector.
l Plot the current density distribution.
l Plot the torque versus time.
l Plot the current versus time.

Plot the Magnetic Flux Density Vector

Plot the flux density vector on the mid-vertical symmetry plane of the device. You previously set up
a relative coordinate system (CS1) containing the desired plot plane.

l Create an Object List

l Plot the Quantity

Create an Object List

Since we want to plot the results only in the two armatures, create a list of these two objects to pre-
pare for the plot.

To create the list of objects:

1. Select the Outer_arm and Inner_arm objects.

2. Click Modeler>List>Create>Object List.
The list of selected objects (Objectlist1) is added under Lists in the history tree window.

Plot the Quantity

To create the plot:

1. Change the rendering of both Outer_arm and Inner_arm to wireframe by clicking

View>Render>Wire Frame.
2. In the history tree, select the RelativeCS1:XY plane under Planes.
3. In the project tree, right-click Field Overlays, and select Fields>B>B_Vector.
The Create Field Plot dialog box appears.
4. Make sure B_Vector is selected in the Quantity list.
5. Select Objectlist1 in the In Volume list.
6. Click Done.
7. The B_Vector plot is displayed as shown below. The vector values are zero at 0sec as a res-

Post Processing the Results 6-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

ult of the pulse source used in the winding setup having zero initial voltage.

Set the Solution Context

To change the time step for post processing:

1. Click View>Set Solution Context or double click on the time context display in the modeler
window.

The Set View Context dialog box appears.

2. Select the Setup1 from the Solution Name pull-down list.

3. Set the time step from the Time pull-down to 0.04s.

Post Processing the Results 6-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

4. Click OK. The plot automatically updates to the new time as shown.

Adjust the Plot Parameters

1. Click Maxwell3D>Fields>Modify Plot Attributes.
The Select Plot Folder dialog box appears.
2. Select B from the list, and click OK.
A dialog box appears where you can modify the plot attributes.

Note:

You may Right-Click in the legend of any displayed plot to display a shortcut menu
allowing you to hide or modify the plot.

3. Click the Scale tab.

4. Select the Use Limits check box.
5. Type 2.0E-006 in the Min box, and type 7.5E-001 in the Max box.
6. Click to Plots tab.
7. In the Vector Plot section, set Min to 1 and Max to 5.

8. Click Apply, and then click Close.

The plot should look similar to the following figure:

Post Processing the Results 6-3

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

9. Right-click on B_Vector1 in the Project Manager window and select Plot Visibility in the
shortcut menu to turn off the plot.
10. Set the Solution Context back to 0s

Plot the Current Density Distribution

To plot the current density distribution on the same XY plane of CS1 (RelativeCS1:XY):

1. Select the plane, and right-click in the modeler window.

A shortcut menu appears.

2. Select Fields>J>Mag_J from the shortcut menu.

The Create Field Plot dialog box appears.

3. Select Outer_arm from the In Volume List.

4. Click Done to plot.

5. Set the Solution Context to 0.04s.

The field partially penetrates the stator, and the transient distribution of the current density

Post Processing the Results 6-4

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

shows significant skin effects.

Plot Torque and Current

An important transient analysis feature is the ability to vary global quantities as a function of time.
Examples of such quantities include currents and voltages, power loss, torque/force, flux linkage of
windings, and induced voltages.

Create a Torque vs. Time Plot

To create a plot of the torque as a function of time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Transient Report>Rectangular
Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup1).
3. From the Category list, select Torque.
4. Click the New Report button.

Post Processing the Results 6-5

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

5. Click Close to dismiss the dialog.

Create a Current vs. Time Plot

To create a plot of the current as a function of time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Transient Report>Rectangular
Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup1).
3. From the Category list, select Winding.
4. From the Quantity list, select Current.
5. Click the New Report button.

Post Processing the Results 6-6

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

6. Click Close to display the dismiss the dialog.

Close the Plot

To close the open plot:

l Click the X in the upper right corner of the plot window.

Note:

After you close a plot, it is still available to view later, listed under Results in the pro-
ject tree.

Post Processing the Results 6-7

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

PDF layout 6-8

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

7 - Including Motion in the Simulation

In order to include the effects of motion of the Inner_arm the object must be isolated from the rest
of the model using a mesh band. In order to create this mesh band, you will add two objects,
between the Inner_arm and Outer_arm objects.

In general, any moving object must be isolated from the stationary model using a mesh band. More
information is available in the help under the topic Maxwell 3D Technical Notes: Meshing and Band
Setting Recommendations for 3D Transient Applications with Motion.

In this chapter you will complete the following

tasks:
l Add large motion to the simulation.
l Analyze the transient solution with motion.
l Post process the transient results.
l Close the project and exit Maxwell.

Add Motion to the Design

Before adding motion to the design, save the “without motion” (or non-transient) design and create
a copy.

To save and copy the design:

1. Click File>Save to save the design.

2. In the project tree, right-click the Rotational_Act_TR design listed under the project, and
select Copy.
3. In the project tree, right-click the name of the project (also Rotational_Act_TR), and select
Paste.
A second copy of the same design appears under the single project; by default, the name of
the new design is Rotational_Act_TR1.
4. Double-click Rotational_Act_TR1 to make it active.

Add a Band Object to the Design

The band object is a regular polyhedron positioned so that it contains all rotating objects inside it.

To add the band object:

1. Set the working coordinate system to CS1:

Click Modeler>Coordinate System>Set Working CS, select RelativeCS1, and click

Select.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

2. Create a regular polyhedron around the Z axis named band:

a. Click Draw>Regular Polyhedron.
b. Type (0, 0, -121) in the (X, Y, Z) boxes, for the origin, and then press Enter.
c. Type (52.5, 0, 0) in the (dX, dY, dZ) boxes, for the radius, and press Enter.
d. Type (0, 0, 242) in the (dX, dY, dZ) boxes, for the height, and press Enter.
The Segment number dialog box appears.
e. Type 24 in the Number of segments text box.
f. Click OK.
The Properties window appears.
g. Click the Attribute tab.
h. Change the Name to band.
i. Verify that band is assigned the material property of vacuum (which should be the
default).
j. Click OK.A polyhedron object named band is drawn.
k.
3. Create a cylinder named air_rotor with the following properties :
a. Click Draw>Cylinder.
The cursor changes to a small black box, indicating that you are in Drawing mode.
b. Enter the center of the cylinder base by typing (0,0,-120) in the (X, Y, Z) boxes at the
bottom of the screen, and press Enter.
c. Type 51.05 for the radius in the dX box at the bottom of the screen, and press Enter.
d. Type 240 for the height in the dZ box, and press Enter.
The Properties window appears.
e. Click the Attribute tab.
f. Change the Name to air_rotor.
g. Verify that air_rotor is assigned the material property of vacuum (which should be
the default).
h. Click OK.
A cylinder named air_rotor is drawn.

Assign Motion to the Band Object

The circumference of the band object falls between the inner armature and the outer armature and
contains inside it the air_rotor and Inner_arm objects.

To set the band object:

1. Select band from the history tree.

2. Right-click Model in the project tree under Rotational_Act_TR1, and then select Motion
Setup>Assign Band.
The Motion Setup dialog box appears.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

3. Click the Type tab.

4. Select Rotation as the Motion Type.
5. Set the Rotation Axis to Global:Z and select the negative radio button.
6. Click the Mechanical tab.
7. Select the Consider Mechanical Transient check box.
8. Type 0.0024 in the Moment of Inertia text box and 0.015 in the Damping text box.
9. Click OK.

Apply Meshing to the Band Object

To apply the appropriate mesh operation to the band object:

1. Select the band object in the history tree.

2. Click Maxwell3D>Mesh>Assign Mesh Operation>Inside Selection>Length Based.
The Element Length Based Refinement dialog box appears.
3. Type 20 in the Maximum Length of Elements box, and select mm as the units.
4. Click OK.
5. To initialize the problem, right-click Setup1 in the project tree, and select Revert to Initial
Mesh.

Now you are ready to start the analysis with the effect of large motion included.

Set Up the Transient Analysis

To set up a second analysis:

1. Right-click Analysis in the project tree.

A shortcut menu appears.
2. Select Add Solution Setup.
The Solve Setup dialog box appears.
3. Click the General tab.
4. Type 0.9 in the Stop time box, and select s as the unit.
5. Type 0.005 in the Time step box, and select s as the unit.

6. Add a sweep

a. Click the Save Fields tab.

b. Select Linear Step from the Type pull-down list to identify the type of sweep.
c. Type 0.0 in the Start box.
d. Type 0.9 in the Stop box.
e. Type 0.005 in the Step Size box.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-3

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

f. Click Add to List.

7. Click OK.

Run the Transient Analysis

To run the analysis:

l Under Analysis in the project tree, right-click Setup2, and select Analyze.

Post Process the Transient Results

For the transient case, additional mechanical quantities are available (to represent as 2D plots as
functions of time), which were not available before adding motion to the design. When you create a
report for a solution that is set to Transient, these new quantities can be added as traces.

l Create a Position vs. Time Plot

l Create a Current vs. Time Plot with Motion
l Create a Torque vs. Time Plot with Motion
l Create a Power Loss vs. Time Plot

Create a Position vs. Time Plot

To create a plot of the position as a function of time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Transient Report>Rectangular
Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup2).
3. From the Category list, select Position.
4. Click the New Report button.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-4

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

5. Click Close to dismiss the dialog.

Current vs. Time Plot with Motion

To create a plot of the current as a function of time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Transient Report>Rectangular
Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup2).
3. From the Category list, select Winding.
4. From the Quantity list, select Current.
5. Click the New Report button.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-5

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

6. Click Close to dismiss the dialog.

Torque vs. Time Plot with Motion

To create a plot of the torque as a function of time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Report>Transient>Rectangular

Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup2).
3. From the Category list, select Torque.
4. From the Quantity list, select Moving1.Torque.
5. Click the New Report button.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-6

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

6. Click Close to dismiss the dialog.

Create a Power Loss vs. Time Plot

To create a plot of the eddy current power loss in the Inner_Arm and Outer_Arm as a function of
time:

1. Right-click Results in the project tree, and select Create Transient Report>Rectangular
Plot.

The Traces dialog box appears.

2. From the Solution pull-down list, select the solution setup (Setup2).
3. From the Category list, select Loss.
4. From the Quantity list, select Solid Loss.
5. Click the New Report button.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-7

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

6. Click Close to dismiss the dialog.

Including Motion in the Simulation 7-8

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Close the Project and Exit Electronics Desktop 8-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Close the Project and Exit Electronics

Desktop
Congratulations! You have successfully completed his Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient
Problem! You may close the project and exit the ANSYS Electronics Desktop software.

1. Click File>Save to save the project.

2. Click File>Close.
3. Click File>Exit to exit Electronics Desktop.

Close the Project and Exit Electronics Desktop 8-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Index-1

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

Index assigning motion 7-2

band object for motion 7-1

3
C
3D Modeler window 1-2
calculating the eddy effect 4-9

A closing a plot 6-7

adding a band object 7-1 closing Maxwell 8-1

adding a solution setup 5-1, 7-3, 7-3 closing the project 8-1

adding a trace 6-6 coil terminal 4-2

adding a winding 4-2 coordinate system 7-1

adding a winding terminal 4-3 Create Field Plot dialog box 6-4

adding motion to the design 7-1 Create Report dialog box 6-6

analysis setup 5-1, 7-3, 7-3 creating a report 7-4

Analyze command 5-1, 7-4 creating an object list 6-1

analyzing the solution 5-1 current

analyzing the transient solution 7-4 assigning excitations 4-1

applying a mesh 7-3, 7-3 plotting 6-5

assigning excitations 4-1 current density distribution 6-4

assigning motion to the band 7-2 current vs. time plot 6-6, 7-5

attributes, plot properties 6-1

D

B desktop, Maxwell 1-2

B vector 6-1 driving circuit for winding 4-4

background, boundary condition 4-4

E
band object
eddy current effect 4-9
adding 7-1
editing an external circuit 4-8
applying meshing 7-3, 7-3
electric 3D field solutions 1-1

Index-2

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

example Maxwell design 1-2 design diagram for example prob-

lem 1-2
excitations 4-1
exiting 8-1, 8-1
winding terminal 4-3
renaming a design 2-1
exiting Maxwell 8-1
renaming a project 2-1
exporting a netlist 4-8
saving project 8-1
external circuit for winding 4-4
Maxwell Circuit Editor 4-4
F Maxwell desktop 1-2
field overlays 6-1 Maxwell solution types 1-1

mechanical quantities 7-4

G
menu bar 1-2
general design procedure 1-2
mesh operations 4-9
H mesh, band object 7-3, 7-3
harmonic steady-state solutions 1-1 Message window 1-2
history tree 1-2 modifying plot attributes 6-1

motion
I
adding to design 7-1
including motion in the simulation 7-1
band object 7-2
L
N
length-based mesh refinement 4-9
netlist, exporting 4-8
M
O
Mag J, plotting the current density dis-
tribution 6-4 object list, creating 6-1

magnetic flux density vector 6-1 opening a project 2-1

magnetostatic solutions 1-1

P
Maxwell
plot attributes 6-1
closing 8-1

Index-3

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Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

plot, closing 6-7 renaming

plotting a design 2-1
current density distribution 6-4 a project 2-1, 2-1
current vs. time 6-6, 7-5 report type 6-6, 7-4
magnetic flux density vector 6-1 reverting to the initial mesh 7-3, 7-3
object list 6-1 rotational actuator example 1-2
position vs. time 7-4 running for transient case 7-4
power loss vs. time 7-7 running the transient analysis 7-4
preparation 6-1
S
torque vs. time 6-5, 7-6
saving a project 2-1
plotting current 6-5
saving project 8-1
plotting torque 6-5
Set Solution Context command 6-2
position vs. time plot 7-4
Set View Context dialog box 6-2
post processing 6-1, 7-4
setting a working coordinate system 7-1
power loss vs. time plot 7-7
setting drawing units 2-1
preparing for a plot 6-1
setting eddy effects 4-9
Progress window 1-2
setting solution context 6-2
Project Manager window 1-2
setting the time step 6-2
project tree 1-2
setting up an external circuit 4-4
project, closing 8-1
setting up Maxwell designs 1-3
projects, opening and saving 2-1
setting up mesh operations 4-9
properties, plot attributes 6-1
setting up the analysis 5-1, 7-3, 7-3
Q simulation
quantity, plotting 6-1 transient 7-4

sinusoidal solutions 1-1

R
solution context 6-2
refining the mesh 4-9

Index-4

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 Getting Started with Maxwell: Transient Problem

solution setup 5-1, 7-3

W
solution simulation 5-1
winding
solution type 1-1
adding 4-2
solution, transient 7-4
external driving circuit 4-4
sources, assigning 4-1
winding terminal, adding 4-3
specifying the eddy effect
calculation 4-9 windows in Maxwell desktop 1-2

working coordinate system (CS) 7-1

T

TEAM workshop problem 24 1-2

terminal, winding 4-3

time domain solution 1-1

time step, setting solution context 6-2

toolbars 1-2

torque vs. time plot 6-5, 7-6

transient design 7-1

transient electric fields 1-1

transient feature 6-5

transient results, post processing 7-4

transient simulation 7-4

transient solution type 2-1

transient solutions 1-1

varying global quantities as a function

of time 6-5

verify materials 4-1

view context 6-2

Index-5

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