What

Benefits the Dead Person

 117 - The dead (person) benefits from the action of other than his (action) in (the following) matters: First: Supplication of the Muslim for him, if the conditions of acceptance are fulfilled in it, due to the saying of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, And those who came after them say: 'Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have preceded us in Faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful. [Surah Al-Hashr 59:10] And as for the ahadeeth, they are a lot, some of them were already mentioned, and some of them will come in the visiting of the graves (chapter), and the supplication of the Prophet sallallahu alayhe wa sallam for them, and his order with that. From that is his saying sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, Supplication of a Muslim for his brother in his absence is answered, by his head is an appointed angel, everything that he supplicated for his brother with good, the appointed angel with him says, Aameen and for you with same. [Muslim reported it (87, 8/86) and the text is by him, and Abu Dawud (1/240), and Ahmed (6/452) from the Hadith of Abu Ad-dardaa.] But, the funeral prayer takes most of the witness for that, because most of it is supplication for the dead (person) and seeking forgiveness for him, as its explanation preceded. Second: Carrying out of the guardian of the dead (person) the fast of oath for him and there are ahadeeth about it: The First: Aysha radi Allahu anha narrated that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, Whoever dies and there is (make up of) fast upon him, then his guardian should fast (them) for him. [Al-Bukhari reported it (4/156), and Muslim (3/155) and Abu Dawud (376/1), and AlBayhaqee from his path (6/279), and At- Tahaawee in Mishkal Alathaar (141, 3/140) and Ahmed (6/69)] The Second: Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu narrated, A lady traveled by the sea so she vowed, if Allah, the Blessed and Exalted saves her, she would fast a month, so Allah, Azza wa Jal saved her but she did not fast until she died, so a relative to her came (Either her sister or her daughter) to the Prophet sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, she mentioned that to him, so he sallallahu alahe wa sallam said, If you saw, if she had a debt upon her, then would you discharge it? She said, Yes. So, he sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, Then the debt of Allah has more right that you discharge (it), (in another narration, then discharge (it) for your mother). [Abu Dawud reported it (2/81), and An-Nasaee (2/143), and At-Tahaawee (3/140), and Al-Bayhaqee (4/255, 256, 10/85), and At-Tayalesee (2630), Ahmed (1861, 1970, 3137,

What Benefits the Dead (person)

3224, 3420) and the text with the second addition is by him, and its chain is authentic based upon the condition of the two Shaykh (Al-Bukhari and Muslim), and the first addition is by Abu Dawud and Al-Bayhaqee. And Al-Bukhari reported it (159 4/158) and Muslim (3/156) and At-Tirmidhi (43 2/42) and he authenticated it, and Ibn Majah (1/535) with its like, and there is with all of them the second addition, and with Muslim is the last] The Third: From him also. Sad bin Ubadah radi Allahu anhu asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam for legal opinion (fatwa), he said, My mother died and there is a oath upon her? he sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, Discharge it for her. [Al- Bukhari reported it (5/400, 494) and Muslim (6/76) and Abu Dawud (2/81) and An- Nasaee (144, 2/130) and At-Tirmidhi (2/375) and Al-Bayhaqee authenticated it (10/85, 278/6, 4/256) and Al-Tayalesee (2717 and Ahmed (1893, 3049, 47/6) ] Third: Discharging of the debt for him by any person, a guardian or other than him (i.e. guardian), there are many ahadeeth about it; the mention of many already preceded in the issue # 17. Forth: Whatever the righteous son does from the righteous actions, his parents receive same (reward) as his reward, without any decrease from his reward, because the son is from their labor and their earning, and Allah Ajja wa Jal says it, And that man can have nothing but what he does (good or bad). [Surah An-Najm 53:39] and the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, The best of what the man eats is from his earning, and his son is from his earning. [Abu Dawud reported it (2/108) and An-Nasaaee (2/211) and At-Tirmidhee (2/287) and he graded it as hasan, and Ad-Daaremee (2/247), and Ibn Majah (430 2/2), and Al-Haakem (2/46), and At-Tayalesee (1580), and Ahmed (220, 202, 201, 193, 173, 162, 127, 126, 6/41), and Al-Haakem said, (it is) authentic upon the condition of the two Shaykh (Al-Bukhari and Muslim), and Ad-Dhahabe agreed with him, it is a mistake from (many) aspects there is not enough room to discuss it (here). There is a witness for it from the hadith of Abdullah bin Amr. Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Ahmed reported it with an authentic chain (214, 204, 2/179)] And it supports what the ayat (verses) and the ahadeeth points to (it), and particular ahadeeth mentioned about the parent benefiting with the action of his righteous son like the charity, and the fasting, and the emancipation (of slaves) and the likes of it and they are these (ahadeeth): The First: Aysha radi Allahu anha narrated, A man said, my mother died suddenly , (and she did not fast), and I think if she could speak, she would have given charity, so is there reward for her if I give charity for her (and for me reward)? He sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, Yes. [Al-Bukhari reported it (5/399 400, 3/198) and Muslim (5/73, 3/81), and Malik in Muwatta (2/228), and Abu Dawud (2/15), and An-Nasaaee (2/129) and Ibn Majah (2/160), and Al-Bayhaqee (4/62, 6/277-278,) and Ahmed (6/51).

 And the text is by Al-Bukhari in one of his narration, and the last addition is the other narration, and Ibn Majah, and the second addition is by him, and the first by Muslim. The Second: Ibn Abbas radi Allahu anhu narrated, Sad bin Ubadah - brother of Bane Saaedah - his mother died while he was absent from her, he said, O Messenger of Allah, my mother died while I was absent from her, so would it benefit her if I give charity with anything for her? He sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said: Yes, so he said, I take you as a witness that the garden of Al-Mukharaf is a charity for her. [Al-Bukhari reported it (5/297, 301, 307), and Abu Dawud (2/15), and An-Nasaaee (2/130) and At-Tirmidhee (2/25), and Al-Bayhaqee (6/278) and Ahmed (3080 3504 3508) and the text is by him] The Third: Abu Hurayra radi Allahu anhu narrated, A man said to the Prophet sallallahu alayhe wa sallam: my father died and he left behind wealth and did not advise (me regarding it), so would it expiate for him if I give charity for him? He sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, Yes. [Muslim reported it (5/73) and An-Nasaee (2/129), and Ibn Majah (2/160) and Al-Bayhaqee (6/278) and Ahmed (2/371)] The Forth: Abdullah bin Amr radi Allahu anhu narrated, Al-Aase bin Waael As-Samee advised to free for him hundred slaves, so his son Hishaam freed fifty slaves, and his son Amr wanted to free for him the remaining fifty, he said: Until I ask the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam (about it), so he came to the Prophet sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, then he said: O Messenger of Allah, my father advised to free for him hundred slaves, and Hishaam freed for him fifty, and fifty remains upon him, so should I free for him (the remaining fifty)? So, he sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said: If he was a Muslim, then you should emancipate (slaves), and give charity for him or perform Hajj for him, that would reach him, (in another narration): If he acknowledged the tawheed, then you should fast, and give charity for him, that would benefit him. [Abu Dawud reported it in other (Al- Wachaayaa) (2/15), and Al-Bayhaqee (6/279), and the text is by him, and Ahmed (number 6704) and the other narration is by him, and their chains are hasan] Fifth: Whatever behind him, which reaches him are righteous traces, continuous charities, due to His, the Blessed and Exalted saying, and We record that which they send before (them), and their traces [Surah Yaseen 36:12] and there are ahadeeth about it: The First: Abu Hurayra radi Allahu anhu narrated that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, When the man dies, his action comes to an end for him except for three (things): A continuous charity, or knowledge which he has benefited (others) with, or a righteous son who supplicates for him. [Muslim reported it (5/73), and the

text is by him, and Al-Bukhari in Al-Adab Al-Mufrad (page 8), and Abu Dawud (2/15), and An-Nasaaee (2/129), and At-Tahaawee in Al-Mishkal (1/85), and Al-Bayhaqee (6/278), and Ahmed (2/372), and the addition is by Abu Dawud and Al-Bayhaqee] The Second: Abu Qutaadah radi Allahu anhu narrated, The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, The best of what the man leaves behind after him are three: a righteous son who supplicates for him, a charity (that) is going on its reward reaches him, and knowledge, (which he left behind, others) working by it after him. [Ibn Majah reported it (1/106), and Ibn Hibban in His Saheh (number 84, 85), and At- Tabaraanee in Al-Muajam Al-Chager (page 79), and Ibn Abdulbarr in Jamia Bayan Alilm (1/15), and its chain is authentic as Al-Mundheree said in Attargeeb (1/58). The Third: Abu Hurayra radi Allahu anhu said, The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said, That which will reach the believer from his action and his rewards after his death are: knowledge, which he taught and spread, and a righteous son that he left behind, and a mushaf that he bequeathed, or a masjid that he made, or a house for wayfarer that he made, or a river, which he caused to flow, or a charity that he took out from his wealth during his good health and his life that (its reward) would reach him after his death. [Ibn Majah reported it (1/106) with hasan chain, and Ibn Khuzayma reported it in his Sahih also, and Al-Bayhaqee as Al-Mundheer] The Forth: Jareer bin Abdullah radi Allahu anhu said, While we were in the company of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam in the early hours of the morning, some people came there (who) were barefooted, naked, wearing striped woolen clothes, or cloaks, with their swords hung (around their necks). {And there was no clothe upon them nor anything other than it.} Most of them were from Mudar tribe, nay all of them were from Mudar tribe. The color of the face of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam underwent a change when he saw them in poverty. He then entered (his house) and came out and commanded Bilal (to pronounce Adhan). He pronounced Adhan and Iqima, and he sallallahu alayhe wa sallam prayed (with the Companions) {the Zuhr, then he claimed a small minbar}, then he addressed (the companions), {So he praised Allah and Exalted him}, {then he said, to proceed, Allah revealed in His Book}: O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him He created his wife (Haww), and from them both He created many men and women; and fear Allh through Whom you demand (your mutual rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (kinship). Surely, Allh is Ever an All-Watcher over you. [Surah An-Nisaa 4:1] O you who believe! Fear Allh and keep your duty to Him. And let every person look to what he has sent forth for tomorrow, and fear Allh. Verily, Allh is Well-Acquainted with what you do. {And be not like those who forgot Allh (i.e. became disobedient to Allh), and He caused them to forget their own selves (let them to forget to do righteous deeds). Those are the Fsiqn (rebellious, disobedient to Allh). Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of Paradise. It is the dwellers of Paradise that will be successful.} [Surah Al-Hashr 59:18 19]

 Give charity before you are prevented from the charity (i.e. giving charity), so, some donated a dinar, others a dirham, still others clothes, some donated a sa' of wheat, {some donated barley} some a sa of dates, {until he sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said: and none of you should deem anything of the charity insignificant} even if it is half a date. {So they slowed down until the anger appeared on his face}, then a person from among the Ansar came there with a money bag {in another narration a bag of gold}, which his hands could scarcely lift; in fact, it could not be (lifted). {So, he handed it over to the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam while he was on his minbar}, {he (the Ansar man) said: O Messenger of Allah this is in the way of Allah}, {So, the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam grasped it}, {(then) Abu Bakr stood and gave, then Umar stood and gave, then the Muhajeroon and the Ansaar stood and they stood}. Then the people followed {in (giving) the charities}, {whoever had dinar, and whoever had dirham, and whoever had, and whoever had}, until I saw two heaps of food and clothes, and I saw the face of the Messenger sallallahu alayhe wa sallam glistening, like gold (on account of joy). The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhe wa sallam said: He who sets a good precedent in Islam, there is a reward for him for this (act of goodness) and reward of that also who acted according to it subsequently, without any deduction from their rewards; and he who sets in Islam an evil precedent, there is upon him the burden of that, and the burden of him also who acted upon it subsequently, without any deduction from their burden, {then he recited this verse: and We record that which they send before (them), and their traces [Surah Yaseen 36:12]} {Then, he said, Divide it amongst them.} [Muslim reported it (3/88, 89, 8/61, 62), and An-Nasaee (355/1, 356), and Ad-Daaremee (1/126, 127), and At-Tahaawee in Al-Mishkal (1/93, 97), And Al-Bayhaqee (4/175, 176), and At-Tahalesee (670), and Ahmed (4/357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362), and Ibn AbI Haatem also in his tafseer, as in Ibn Kathir (3/565), and the addition that is before the last is by him, and its chain is authentic, and by At-Tirmidhee (3/377) and he authenticated it, and Ibn Majah (1/90), The two sentences that is before the stated addition with the two addition are in both of them (At-Tirmidhee and bin Majah). As for the first addition, it is in Al-Bayhaqee, and what is after it to the forth are by him, and by Muslim, and the fifth to the eighth by Al-Bayhaqee, and with At-Tahalesee the fifth, and the ninth by Ad-Daaremee and Ahmed, and by Muslim its like and such by At- Tayalesee and Ahmed also, and the tenth and twelfth, and fifteenth and nineteenth by Al- Bayhaqee, and eleventh and seventeenth by At-Tahaawee and Ahmed, and fourteenth by At-Tayalesee, and sixteenth and seventeenth by Muslim and At-Tirmidhee and Ahmed and other than them, the second narration is by An-Nasaee and Al-Bayhaqee, and the third by At-Tahawee and Ahmed]
Reference: The Rulings of Funerals and its innovation by Shaykh Albanee