LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Quarter 4, Wk. 1

Trigonometric Ratios: Sine, Cosine, Tangent, Secant,

Cosecant and Cotangent

NOTE:
 Huwag ibalik itong learning activity sheet isulat sa papel ang iyong mga sagot.
 Ang walang scientific calculator, gamitin ang TABLE OF NATURAL TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS na nasa pahina 8.
 Ang TABLE OF NATURAL TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ay gamit sa susunod na
Learning Activity Sheet
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Department of Education
DIVISION OF MASBATE
Monreal National High School
Monreal, Masbate

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Have you ever wondered how towers and buildings were constructed? How do you
determine the distance travelled as well as the height of an airplane as it takes off? What about
determining the height of the mountain? We can do all these things even if we are not in the real
place or situation. These are just some of many real-world applications of triangle trigonometry.
This learning activity sheets will help you understand how to use the concepts of triangle
trigonometry in dealing with real-life problems and more.

ACTIVITY 1: Triangles of Different Sizes

This activity helps you recall the concepts of similar triangles. Investigate the following triangles:

1. Given the three similar right triangles ABC,

DEF, and GHI in different sizes
2. Give the ratios for all the three triangles
using the table below.

Measures In triangle ABC In triangle DEF In triangle GHI

��� �������� 63° �����
ℎ���������
��� �������� 63° �����
ℎ���������
��� �������� 63° �����
��� �������� 63° �����

From the table, what do you notice about?

i. The first ratio, leg opposite 63° angle to the hypotenuse?
ii. The second ratio, leg adjacent to 63° angle to the hypotenuse?
iii. The third ratio, leg opposite the 63° angle to the leg adjacent to 63° angle?

Do the following:
1. Using scientific calculator or the table of natural trigonometric function/appendix D pg 7,
determine the value of sin 63°, cos 63°, and tan 63° then compare them to the values obtained in
step 2. What do you observe?

2. Complete each statement:

The ratio ______ is the approximate value of sine of 63°.
The ratio ______ is the approximate value of cosine of 63°.
The ratio ______ is the approximate value of tangent of 63°.
3. Complete the sentence:
i. the sine θ is the ratio between ____ and ____.
ii. the cosine θ is the ratio between ____ and ____.
iii. the tangent θ is the ratio between ____ and ____.

To summarize the activity above, take note of the following:

Consider the right triangle ACB. A

The hypotenuse of the triangle is c. b c

The side opposite angle A is a.
The side adjacent to angle A is side b.
C B
a

SOH-CAH-TOA is a mnemonic used for remembering the equations:

�������� ����������
��� � = ����������
��� � = ��������

�������� ����������
��� � = ����������
��� � = ��������

�������� ��������
��� � = ��������
��� � = ��������

ℎ��������� 1 1
��� � =
��������
= �������� = ��� �
Notice that the three new ratios ℎ���������

at the right are reciprocals of

ℎ��������� 1 1
the ratios on the left. Applying ��� � = = �������� = ��� �
��������
algebra shows the connection ℎ���������
between these functions.
�������� 1 1
��� � = ��������
= �������� = ��� �
��������

To give you an example:

In the given figure, find the values of the six trigonometric ratios of Ɵ (read as theta).

Solution:

We first solve for the hypotenuse, h, using the Pythagorean h

2
Theorem. We have,
h2 = (2)2 + (3)2 = 4 + 9 = 13
2
h = 13 θ

3
Using rationalization, our trigonometric ratios are:

� �� � �� 13
sin θ = ��
×
��
=
��
csc θ = 2
Rationalization is the process of
eliminating a radical or imaginary number
from the denominator or numerator of an
3 3 13 13 algebraic fraction. That is, remove the
cos θ = = sec θ =
13 13 3 radicals in a fraction so that the
denominator or numerator only contains a
2 3 rational number.
tan θ = 3
cot θ = 2
To find the missing parts of a triangle:

Example 1. Determine the equation or formula to find a missing part of the triangle.
s
T P
53°

p t = 12

a. Solve for s in the figure above. b. Solve for p in the figure above.

Solution: ∠P is an acute angle, t is the Solution: ∠P is an acute angle,

t is the
hypotenuse, s is the side adjacent to ∠P. hypotenuse, and p is the
opposite side of ∠P.

Use CAH, that is, Use SOH, that is,

�������� ��������
cos � = sin � =
ℎ��������� ��������

� �
cos � = �
sin P = �

� �
cos 53° =
12
sin 53° = 12

s = 12 cos 53° p = 12 sin 53°

c. Solve for a in figure 2.

Solution: ∠B is an acute angle, b is the opposite side, and a is the side adjacent to ∠B. Use TOA,
that is B
��������
tan θ = ��������
67° c
tan B =
10.6 a
�

10.6
tan 67° = �
C
b = 10.6 A
a tan 67° = 10.6
��.�
a = ��� ��°
d. Solve for c in figure 2.

Solution: ∠B is an acute angle, b is the opposite side and c is the hypotenuse of the given acute
angle. Use SOH, that is,
��������
sin � = c sin 67° = 10.6
ℎ���������

� ��.�
sin B = � c = ��� ��°

10.6
sin 67° = �

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM THE MELCS

Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent.
(M9GEIVa-1)

III. ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1. Which trigonometric ratio would you use to find x or θ in each of the following
figures? You may only use the three primary trigonometric ratio --- Sine, Cosine, Tangent.

1.
6.

2.

7.

52°
3.

8.
 43°
4.
9.

4.
10.
25°

ACTIVITY 2.
TRY THIS OUT!

Using the figure below,

write expression that gives
the required unknown 1. If A = 15° and c = 37, find a.
value. B 2. If A = 76° and a = 13, find b.
3. If A = 49° and a = 10, find c.
4. If a = 21.2 and A = 71°,
find b.
c 5. If a = 13 and B = 16°, find c.
a 6. If A = 19° and a = 11, find c.
7. If c = 16 and a = 7, find b.
8. If b = 10 and c = 20, find a.
9. If a = 7 and b = 12, find A.
10. If a = 8 and c = 12, find B.
A C
b