Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Rusted Reinforcement Bar in RCC Beam

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)
VOLUME: 06 ISSUE: 03 | MARCH - 2022 ISSN: 2582-3930
Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Rusted

Reinforcement Bar in RCC Beam
Yashashvi , Suchit Kumar, vighnesh pratap jaiswal, and shubham pandey
Babu Banarasi Das Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Department of Civil Engineering
Nidhi Singh
Babu Banarasi Das Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Department of Civil Engineering
Abstract— Corrosion of the reinforcing steel in concrete is a means of renovation, maintenance and modification. These
worldwide problem that causes a range of economic, aesthetic all are related to strength of the structure. Need for repair
and utilization issues. However with the passage of time, the and rehabilitation of structures are
structure starts getting older and starts showing some signs  Faulty design of the structure
like cracking, splitting, delaminating and corrosion of steel etc
.Corrosion of steel bars embedded in reinforced concrete (RC)  Improper execution and bad workmanship
structures reduces the service life and results in appearance of  Extreme weathering and environmental conditions
cracks in member thatby causes prior failure of structure,  High degree of chemical attack
which costs the repair and maintenance of the RCC structure.
Attention should be directed at corrosion reduction practices  Ageing of structures.
at the design and planning stages . Deterioration of rusted
rebar can be overcomed by adopting a patch repair
technique, which restores the undamaged state and it is shown
clearly by adopting a patch repair technique with replacing
rusted steel rebar . This research work aims to lighten the
importance of monitoring corrosion in reinforcement and
proposes the various methods for observing and evaluating
the corrosion state of reinforced concrete structures,
especially by using hal-cell potential method. This research
work also presents techniques of protecting rcc structure
from corrosion.

Corrosion of steel bars in RCC structure is the major cause
of failure and about two tons of concrete is used per capita
Index Terms—Rusted reinforcement bar, corrosion, electrolyte,
repair strategy, protection methods
of the world population every year. Therefore, it has been
perceived that most durable structures will reduce the
cement consumption. Corrosion continuously reduces the
I. INTRODUCTION strength and span life of rcc structures and in humid
atmosphere corrosion causing substance from atmosphere
Concrete is the most widely used and versatile construction percolates through the insufficient and porous concrete
material possessing several advantages and it has end up cover and results in corrosion of rebar. After the start of
being practically basic to the present day development. corrosion process in reinforcing steel bar, layer of
Concrete has enough mechanical strength, yet it is prone to corrosion over bar expand and occupies a volume of about
deterioration and thus gets negative effect over structure 6 to 10 times greater than that of original steel which
and sometimes even fails. This damage of the structures results in cracking of concrete cover and ultimately results
may be due to the weathering action of atmosphere, fire, in the failure of rcc structures. Penetration of corrosion
soil strata failure, improper workmanship in construction causing reagent such as chloride ions & carbon dioxide
and also because to natural disaster like flood, earthquake, deposited at the spot of cracks, which further causes the
tsunami etc. Reinforced concrete structure requires periodic increase of corrosion .Its extent can be reduced by use of
maintenance and proper guidance. Rehabilitation is the low permeable concrete and proper depth of effective cover
process of restoring the structure to serve level , the same which minimizes the penetration extent of corrosion
level once it had and now lost ,strengthening consist in inducing agent, and the high penetration resistance of
endowing the structure with a service level ,basically it concrete restricts the rate of corrosion by minimizing the
means retuning a building or a structure to useful state by current flow from anode to cathode.
© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 1

III. EXPERIMENT
This experiment is to remove corrosion from steel bars so that

we can find the strength of steel in a building or a RCC
structures. So here we are taking 16 mm (diameter ) steel bar of
length 2 meter ,this sample is taken from a 5inch thick slab
(165mm),which is fully corroded. Corrosion of steel used in a
structure significantly alters their properties and impacts their
overall strength. The two major properties of steel that show
their durability and capacity are tensile and compressive
strength. So for sample, expirement is performed to find the
tensile and compressive strength which is performed in UTM
machine, if strength is acceptable the further process is
continued
Reduction in X-X area of reinforcement in rcc is observed.
A. Impact of Corrosion in Coastal Areas To calculate the corrosion rate from metal loss, use:
MI/Y=534x(W/DAT)
Some of the reasons inducing corrosion in coastal areas are W=weight loss in milligrams,
discussed below: D=metal density in g/cm3
• Entrance of chloride and sulphate ions by diffusion or other A=area of the sample in inch2,
penetration possibilities. Although it has been outcomed that T=time of exposure of the metal sample in hours
combined effect of both chloride and sulphate ion attack causes
corrosion in rc member but till now no experiment yet has
revealed the combined mechanism of both ions acting together. A. PROCESS:
• Insufficient depth of cover over the steel reinforcement, or PREPRATION OF ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION :
highly porous, concrete with high air content, will increase the
risk of rusting. Moreover, in the presence of moisture & 1 table spoon of NaHCO3 in 1 gallon of water
oxygen, rebar will start corroding immediately. 14.707ml of NaHCO3 -4.546liter of H2O
• Mineral contamination of water, aggregate or cement during 32.355gm of NaHCO3.-4.546liter of H2O
construction, decreases quality of concrete. Worst cases of 7.117gm of liter NaHCO3.-1 liter of H2O
damages of rc member has been observed where sea water was MOLARITY OF SOLUTION =7.117/84 =0.08M/L
used as water for hydration and workability in concrete .
• Carbonation – The chemical reaction between carbon dioxide PH Value: 8.34
and products of hydration of cement such as Calcium
Hydroxide and CSH Gel phase – results to the formation of Prepare an electrolyte solution with water and baking soda . A
Calcium Carbonate, which lowers the alkalinity of concrete. It metal (copper or can) is used as anode and rusted steel will
is termed as despassivation of steel and from here rusting starts
work as cathode and a 12volt power supply which is connected
to take place in low alkalinity concrete embeded steel .
to the metal and steel/rebar which will act as an anode and
II. METHODOLGY cathode for de-rusting of rusted steel. Place the anode and
cathode in a beaker which is filled with electrolyte solution and
A. Methods of e valuation of corrosion in steel reinforcement connect the metal with positive terminal and rusted steel with
Galvanostatic pulse method – it is done by polarizing rebar by negative terminal which passes power of 12V. After 30min rust
the means of small steady current. get accumulated around the metal can. Take out steel bar from
Linear polarization resistance (LPR)- Corrosiveness is related the beaker and clean it, after that calculate the new weight
to electrical conductivity of fluid. which is corrosion free ,which is obviously be less than the
Half-cell potential- Electric potential of rebars indicate
original weight. By measuring the weight of steel, rate of
probability of corrosion and is measured corresponding to half
cell. penetration can be computed.
Time domain reflectometry (TDR)- A transmission line is
established by attaching a sensor wire alongside of the steel bar B. EXPERIMENT OUTCOMES:
reinforcement. Physical defects of the steel bar in concrete will
change the electromagnetic properties of the transmission line. Corrosion removed successfully from RCC corroded steel.
Ultrasonic guided waves- Based on ultrasonic waves
Chemical Changes:
propagation.
Atomic absorption and X-ray diffraction - Intensity of X-ray No chemical composition changes in amount of carbon,
beams decreases while trasspassing in a material. Sulphur, Mn, Phosphorus, Silicon.

Physical Changes: CONCULSION

No Significant changes are observed in rcc steel like: The failure occurring from the rusting of embedded steel
Tensile strength, compressive strength, ductility and hardness. reinforcement in concrete structures is a major concern which
results in loss of time and money . Hence, we need to
C. VERDICT: understand the evolving cause of rapture before starting the
repair work for efficient and effective remediation . There are
CASE 1: some effective methods to find the corrosion state are corrosion
current density, concrete resistivity and half-cell potential .
If obtained X-X area of steel after de-rusting < X-X Area
Corrosion rate is governed by moisture content , Availability of
required for member the member is to be demolished or extra O₂ and T°. So for the beneficial of RCC structure it is advised
reinforcement of required amount is to be added in the member. to repeat rate of corrosion measurement in an interval time.
CASE 2: REFERENCES
If obtained X-X area of steel after de-rusting >= X-X Area [1] R. R. Hussain and T. Ishida, “Multivariable empirical analysis of coupled
required for member the member can be used for desired load oxygen and moisture for potential and rate of quantitative corrosion in
concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 24, no. 7, pp.
after treatment. 950–958, 2012.View at: Google Scholar
[2] D. Bjegovic, D. Mikulic, and D. Sekulic, “Non destructive corrosion rate
monitoring for reinforced concrete structures,” in Proceedings of the 15th
D. TREATMENT: World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (WCNDT '00), Roma,
Italy, 2000.View at: Google Scholar
[3] Handbook of Repair and Rehabilitation of RCC Buildings.
All the voided places in the member are to be removed and de- [4] Analysis of repairs and rehabilitation of R.C.C Structures
rusting solution is to be directly applied on the steel. [5] Chajlani Jeetendra (MTech scholar Civil Engg. Department RGPV
After de-rusting anticorrosion solution is applied on steel and Bhopal (M.P.)), Kushvaha Suresh (HOD Civil Engg. Department RGPV
Bhopal (M.P.)), Hussain Aslam (Asst. Prof. Civil Engg. Department
proper effective cover is provided of desired thickness. RGPV Bhopal (M.P.))
[6] Recent Advances in Repair and Rehabilitation of RCC
[7] Structures with Non-metallic Fibers -Abhijit Mukherjeel, Mangesh Joshi2

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM)

VOLUME: 06 ISSUE: 03 | MARCH - 2022 ISSN: 2582-3930

Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Rusted

© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 1

This experiment is to remove corrosion from steel bars so that

© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 2

Physical Changes: CONCULSION

© 2022, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com | Page 3

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