Technical Vocational

Livelihood - ICT
 Module 2 – TVL ICT G12 – Q1

Introductory Message
To the Parents:
Greetings of good life!
This learning material is made for your child to learn the needed knowledge, skills and
attitudes in COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. This is composed of discussions
activities where your child can learn, embedded links for supplementary learning resources
and suggested computer and mobile applications or software that your child may use for
simulations and applications. The Introduction is all about the knowledge that your child
already knows. This part connects what is already known and what is about to be learned.
The Development part provides the needed information and skills to be learned.
Engagement part has activities which will strengthen the mastery of the lesson. The
Assimilation part includes assessment to determine if your child has acquired the needed
skills and gives opportunity for your child to reflect for their own learning/life skills.
As a guardian, you have a great role in helping your child to learn while at home. Your
guidance is needed so that he/she can understand the lessons and instructions better.
Nevertheless, you may let him/her work independently so he/she can develop his/her skills
fully.
If you have any question or if your child needs help about the lesson, please do not
hesitate to call or message us. We are ready to assist you.
When you return this to school, his/her teacher will check and record your child
responses and progress.
Thank you for always showing love to your child by continuously helping them to learn!
To the Learner:

Greetings!
This learning material is designed especially for you. This is composed of discussions
and activities to further develop your knowledge, understanding and skills in COMPUTER
SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II. The lesson has four parts: Introduction, Development,
Engagement and Assimilation.
You are tasked to answer all the activities in this learning material using a clean sheet
of paper. Do not write anything on this learning material. You may ask the guidance of
your parents, guardian, brother and sisters while doing the activities. You are also expected
to attend the follow–up session on the schedule time provided for you. You have to finish
answering the activities before the date set by your teacher.
Your parents/guardian shall return this material together with your answers. Your
teacher shall check all your responses to the activities/exercises and shall inform you of your
progress.
Should you have any question about the lesson, or you find difficulty in understanding
the lesson or activity, do not hesitate to contact or message your teacher who is always ready
to assist you.
Happy learning!

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 1 NUMBERS BEYOND NETWORK

I. INTRODUCTION (PANIMULA)

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and prepared to help you achieved the required learning
competencies in preliminaries in setting up computer server. This will be the source of
information and activities for you to acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes on the
competencies listed below and learning outcome independently and at your own pace.

Learning Outcome : Solve problems related to IP address, Subnet Mask and Gateways.

Learning Competencies:

• Check the network connectivity of each terminal in accordance with network design.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Define IP address, subnet Mask, and gateway.

2. Determine the different classification of IP addresses.
3. Determine the connectivity and if the terminals belong on the same network.
4. Appreciate the importance of knowing about numbers behind networks.

What’s New

Analyze and describe the content on the Venn Diagram, Answer the questions that follow.

ABC – IP ADDRESS

S1 S2 S3 – SUBNET MASK

G - GATEWAY

1. What are common among the

computers?
2. What is unique among the
computers?
C 3. What is common between two
computers?

3
 II. DEVELOPMENT (PAGPAPAUNLAD)

What I know

Read and analyze each question. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
on answer sheet provided.

1. A number identifier assigned to a computer to connect to internet.

A. IP Address C. Area Code
B. Telephone Number D. Network ID

2. These are the two parts of an IP address.

A. Broadcast ID and Host ID C. Network ID and Host ID
B. Device ID and Network ID D. Broadcast ID and Device ID

3. Which range of IP address cannot be used and reserved for loopback testing?
A. 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 C. 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
B. 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 D. 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

4. IP addresses involve numeric addressing method.

A. IPV4 C. IPV6
B. IPV5 D. IPV7

5. This IP address offers 8 header field.

A. IPV4 C. IPV6
B. IPV5 D. IPV7

6. This IP address: 192.168.1.2 belongs to ___________.

A. Class A C. Class C
B. Class B D. Class D

7. An interchangeable number assigned by DHCP.

A. Broadcast ID C. Dynamic IP
B. Subnet mask D. MAC address

8. Which of the following is equivalent to N.N.N.H?

A. 255.0.0.0 C. 255.255.255.0
B. 255.255.0.0 D. 255.255.255.255

9. IP address assigned by ISP to a computing device to allow direct access over

the Internet.
A. Private C. Dynamic
B. Public D. Static

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 10. Which class of IP address is reserved for multicasting?
A. Class A C. Class C
B. Class B D. Class D

11. This dynamically assigns new IP addresses to devices on the network

A. DHCP C. Default gateway
B. Subnet Mask D. DNS

12. A device on a network which sends local network traffic to other networks
A. DHCP C. Default gateway
B. Subnet Mask D. DNS

13. The address space allocated by Inter-NIC to allow organizations to create their
own private network.
A. Private C. Dynamic
B. Public D. Static

14. IP addresses that a workstation or server uses to refer to specific servers that
resolve domain names to IP addresses
A. DHCP C. Subnet Mask
B. DNS D. MAC address

15. A hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a

network.
A. DHCP C. Subnet Mask
B. DNS D. MAC address

What’s In

Activity 1. Analogy. Complete the table. Fill in the box with question marks (?)

TELEPHONES COMPUTERS
Telephone No. 1(?)
2(?) Subnet Mask
Country Code 3(?)

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Activity 2. Configure each computer by writing the correct set of numbers inside box A to F to
have a no-conflict local area network.

IP Addresses: 192.168.1.4, 192.168.1.5, 192.168.1.6

Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0., 255.255.255.0, 255.255.255.255

Gateway: 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3

Guide questions:

1. How will you describe the communications within the network?

2. Which number are the same? Different?
3. Can we assign any number on a part of configuration? Why?

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 What’s Is It
Information Sheet 2.1 IP ADDRESS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThdO9beHhpA

IP Address stands for Internet Protocol address which is a number identifier associated with
computers or network to connect to the internet.1

CIDR stands for Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) is a set of Internet protocol (IP)
standards that is used to create unique identifiers for networks and individual devices.2
Example. 192.168.1.1/24 CIDR = /24

DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Protocol that assigns IP addresses to a computer
automatically.
PARTS OF IP ADDRESS
N.N.N.H
Network ID HOST ID
Network ID identifies the specific network on which the device is located.3
Host ID identifies a specific device on the network.3

CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

Address Class Range

A 1 to 126
B 128 to 191
C 192 to 223
D 224 to 239
E 240 to 254
Note: Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and is reserved for
loopback testing.

Converting into Binary Digits

Example 192.168.1.1
192 168 1 1

27 + 24 =192 27+ 25 + 23 = 168 20 =1 20 = 1

11 000000 10101000 00000001 00000001

Answer: 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
References:
1
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ip-address.asp
2
https://whatismyipaddress.com/cidr
3
https://www.howtogeek.com/341307/how-do-ip-addresses-work/

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 TYPES OF IP ADDRESS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

IPV4 address VS IPV63

• IPv4 is 32-Bit IP address whereas IPv6 is a 128-Bit IP address.

• IPv4 is a numeric addressing method whereas IPv6 is an alphanumeric addressing
method.
• IPv4 binary bits are separated by a dot(.) whereas IPv6 binary bits are separated by a
colon (:).
• IPv4 offers 12 header fields whereas IPv6 offers 8 header fields.
• IPv4 supports broadcast whereas IPv6 doesn’t support broadcast.
• IPv4 uses ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) to map to MAC address whereas IPv6
uses NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) to map to MAC address.

Dynamic Vs. Static

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6-TaH5bkjo

• Dynamic IP addresses are assigned, as needed, by Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol (DHCP) servers.

• Static IP addresses are addresses that doesn't change. It can be manually configured
or assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Private Vs. Public4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTUV0t6JaDA&t=140s

• A private IP address is the address space allocated by Inter-NIC to allow

organizations to create their own private network.

• A public IP address is the address that is assigned by ISP to a computing device to

allow direct access over the Internet.

Fig.2.1 source: commons.wikimedia.org

References:
4
https://www.guru99.com/difference-ipv4-vs-ipv6.html#:~:text=IPv4%20is%2032%2DBit%20IP,separated%20by%20a%20colon(%3A).
5
https://www.iplocation.net/public-vs-private-ip-
address#:~:text=A%20public%20IP%20address%20is,be%20accessed%20over%20the%20Internet.&text=Your%20public%20IP%20address%20c
an,directly%20expose%20to%20the%20Internet.
6
https://web.mit.edu/rama/www/IP_tools.htm#:~:text=A%20gateway%20IP%20refers%20to,the%20rest%20of%20the%20network.

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 Information Sheet 2.2 SUBNET MASK and DEFAULT GATEWAY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRLxUNTLiK4

SUBNET MASK

Subnet Mask is a number that defines a range of IP addresses available within a network.7

Address Class Range Default Subnet Mask Network/Host

A 1 to 126 255.0.0.0 N.H.H.H
B 128 to 191 255.255.0.0 N.N.H.H
C 192 to 223 255.255.255.0 N.N.N.H
D 224 to 239 Reserve for Multicasting
E 240 to 254 Experimental
Note: Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and is
reserved for loopback testing.

How to determine the Subnet Mask of a given IP address Using CIDR

Example. 192.10.4.2 /26

192.10.4.2 is a CLASS C IP address with default subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and CIDR /24

255 255 255 192

New Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.192

Function of Subnet Mask is divides IP networks into subgroups of networks or subnetworks

by filtering unwanted bits so that only usable bits remain.8

Subnetting is a viable solution to creating new network addresses is to divide the 32-bit
address into subgroups or subnetworks.8

DEFAULT GATEWAY

Default Gateway is the node in a computer network using the internet protocol suite that
serves as the forwarding host (router) to other networks when no other route specification
matches the destination IP address of a packet.9 see figure 2.1

References:
7
https://techterms.com/definition/subnet_mask
8
https://www.seomining.com/web-technologies/module4/purpose-subnetting-subnetMasks.php
9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_gateway#:~:text=A%20default%20gateway%20is%20the,IP%20address%20of%20a%20packet.

9
III. ENGAGEMENT (PAKIKIPAGPALIHAN)
What’s More

Activity 1: WHERE I BELONG?

Classify the given IP address by writing the letter with its corresponding IP Classes.

A. Class A B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D E. Class E

1. 192.68.1.8 6. 8.8.8.8
2. 224.2.0.8 7. 10.2.1.7
3. 251.245.0.0 8. 205.2.0.6
4. 165.245.0.1 9. 180.0.0.10
5. 232.22.0.20 10. 248.22.22.0

Activity 2: Subnet Mask

Write the subnet mask of the two computers to make them belong to the same network.
PAIR # 1 PAIR #2 PAIR#3
PC 1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6
IP address 8.8.8.8 10.2.1.0 192.68.1.5 198.3.6.4 128.0.1.10 156.0.1.2
Subnet 1(?) 2(?) 3(?) 4(?) 5(?) 6(?)
Mask
Default 8.0.1.1 192.168.1.1 128.0.1.1
Gateway

Activity 3: CONFIGURE ME OUT

Put the items in proper placement. You may duplicate the value if necessary.

GIVEN:

192.100.10.2
192.100.10.3
192.100.1.1
255.255.255.0

A = _______________
B = _______________
C = _______________
D = _______________
E = _______________
F = _______________

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 What I Can Do

For the performance task, you may choose one from the given task below depends on your
capability (skills, availability of materials, tools or gadgets) and accessibility to internet.

PERFORMANCE TASK A (Learners without materials or gadgets and no internet access)

Learners will illustrate four (4) computers that belong on the same network connected to
internet showing or using the following given:

IP address Range (196.254.1.10-196.254.1.16) and Default Gateway is 196.0.1.1

Note: You may refer to figure 2.2

PERFORMANCE TASK B (Learners with materials or gadgets and limited or with internet
access)
Learners will create a simple simulation of two computers that belongs to the same network
using CISCO PACKET TRACER Mobile that can be downloaded from Google PlayStore.
Learners will send a videoclip through screen recording or screenshot to the subject teacher
for assessment/evaluation. NOTE: Login as GUEST

He/she may use the following attributes:

PC1: IP address: 192.168.1.2 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC2: IP address: 192.168.1.3 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC3: IP address: 192.168.1.4 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
PC4: IP address: 192.168.1.5 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 Default gateway: 192.168.1.1

Verify the connectivity using PING command in CMD terminal.

View the connection properties using IPCONFIG in CMD terminal.
Please watch the following YouTube link for guidance and tutorial.
PACKET TRACER mobile Basics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1x97Jk1XIE
Peer to peer with switch(node) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hdhm3bqpxOw
Peer to Peer without switch(node) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJKinohJhEA

Disclaimer: Please check the gadgets’ specifications or application requirements to avoid

problems. The subject teacher and the school will not be liable of any loss of data or damages
may occur upon installation this software.

Rubrics for Performance Task

Criteria Score (5 is the highest and
1 is the lowest)
5 4 3 2 1
Following directions or instructions.
Organization of contents or details
Completeness
Skills Applied or Workmanship
Creativity

11
 Additional Activities

A. Solve the problem by writing the correct value for each configuration.

Router IP address: 128.10.0.1

IP address range: 128.112.1.2 -128.112.1.5

NETWORK 1

NETWORK 2

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IV. ASSIMILATION (PAGLALAPAT)
What I have Learned

IP ADDRESS stands for Internet Protocol address which is a number identifier associated with
computers or network to connect to the internet.

CIDR stands for Classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) is a set of Internet protocol (IP)
standards that is used to create unique identifiers for networks and individual devices.

Classification of IP Address and its corresponding Subnet Mask

Address Class Range Default Subnet Mask

A 1 to 126 255.0.0.0
B 128 to 191 255.255.0.0
C 192 to 223 255.255.255.0
D 224 to 239 Reserve for Multicasting
E 240 to 254 Experimental
Note: Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and is reserved for
loopback testing.

Types of IP Address

• IPV4 and IPV6 addresses (No. of IP addresses Available)

• Dynamic and Static addresses (Designation of IP address or Flexibility)

• Private and Public addresses (Internal or External)

Other Related terms

• DHCP - automatically assign IP address to a network device or machine.

• Subnet Mask – range of IP addresses available within a network.

• Default gateway – network device where local computers connected.

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 Assessment

Part I. Choose the Letter of the best answer.

1. Which part of IP address, identifies the specific network on which the device is
located?
A. Broadcast ID C. Host ID
B. Network ID D. Router ID
2. Part of IP address that identifies a specific device on the network?
A. Broadcast ID C. Host ID
B. Network ID D. Router ID
3. A range of IP address from 192 to 223 belongs to what class?
A. A C. C
B. B D. D
4. What type of IP addresses that contain alphanumeric value?
A. IPV4 C. IPV6
B. IPV5 D. IPV7
5. Which type of IP address that is assigned to a device to allow direct access to
internet?
A. Dynamic C. Private
B. Static D. Public
Part II. Match the items in column A that best corresponds with the items in column B.

Column A Column B
6. Class A A. Loopback Testing
7. 192.168.1.2 B. Gateway
8. Fixed C. /24
9. Router D. Static IP address
10. CIDR E. N.N.N.H

Part III. Identify the item being describe by each sentence.

____________11. Dynamically assigns new IP addresses to devices on the network

____________12. Number that define range of IP addresses available.
____________13. Node in a network that serves as forwarding host.
____________14. IP addresses that are reserved for multicasting.
____________15. A number identifier assigned to connect to the internet.

V. REFLECTION (PAGNINILAY)
On the following reflections, write only maximum of 5 sentences.
A. List 5 keywords of what you have learned or best describe the lesson
B. Why is it important to learn about the lesson?
C. How will I apply what I have learned?
D. What are the difficulties I encountered in learning this module?

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 Answer key

What I know What’s In What’s More

PRETEST Activity 1. Activity 2 Activity 1:
1.A 1. IP address A. 192.168.1.4 1.C
2.C 2. Area Code B. 255.255.255.0 2.D
3.B 3. Gateway C. 192.168.1.1 3.E
4.A D. 192.168.1.5 4.B
5.C E. 255.255.255.0 5.D
6.C F. 192.168.1.1 6.A
7.C 7.A
8.C Guide Questions: 8.C
9.B 1. There are numbers involved 9.B
10.D 2. They have the same subnet mask 10.E
11.A and default gateway. They have
12.C different IP addresses Activity 2.
13.A 3. There are things that should be
14.B considered. 1.255.0.0.0
15.D 2. 255.0.0.0
3.255.255.255.0
4.255.255.255.0
Additional Activities 5.255.255.0.0
Network 1 Network 2 6.255.255.0.0
A. 128.112.1.2 A.128.112.4
B.255.255.0.0 B.255.255.0.0 Activity 3.
C. 128.10.0.1 C. 128.10.0.1 A. 192.100.10.2
D.128.112.1.3 D.128.112.5 B. 255.255.255.0
E.255.255.0.0 E. 255.255.0.0 C.192.100.1.1
F. 128.10.0.1 F. 128.10.0.1 D.192.100.10.3
E.255.255.255.0
F.192.100.1.1

15
Answer key for the Assessment

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. E
8. D
9. B
10. C
11. DHCP
12. Subnet Mask
13. Default gateway or gateway
14. Class D or IP range 224 to 239
15. IP address

16
References:

Cory Mitchell, Investopedia June 23, 2020, IP Address, accessed 15 August 2020,
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ip-address.asp>

Whatismyipaddress.com, What is CIDR notation, accessed 15 August 2020,

<https://whatismyipaddress.com/cidr>

Walter Glenn, howtogeek.com February 12, 2018, How do IP addresses work, accessed 15,
August 2020, < https://www.howtogeek.com/341307/how-do-ip-addresses-work/>

Guru99.com, IPv4 vs IPv6: What’s the Difference?, accessed 15 August 2020,

<https://www.guru99.com/difference-ipv4-vs-
ipv6.html#:~:text=IPv4%20is%2032%2DBit%20IP,separated%20by%20a%20colon(%3A).>

Iplocation.net, February 15, 2012, What is the difference between public and private IP
address?, accessed 15 August 2020,<https://www.iplocation.net/public-vs-private-ip-
address#:~:text=A%20public%20IP%20address%20is,be%20accessed%20over%20the%20
Internet.&text=Your%20public%20IP%20address%20can,directly%20expose%20to%20the
%20Internet.>

Web.mit.edu, How to Locate IP, Gateway, Subnet and DNS Information, accessed 15 August
2020,
<https://web.mit.edu/rama/www/IP_tools.htm#:~:text=A%20gateway%20IP%20refers%20to,t
he%20rest%20of%20the%20network.>

Techterms.com, Subnet Mask, accessed 15 August 2020,

<https://techterms.com/definition/subnet_mask>

SEOMining.com, Lesson 5: Subnets, accessed 15 August 2020,

<https://www.seomining.com/web-technologies/module4/purpose-subnetting-
subnetMasks.php>

WikipediaTthe free Encylopedia, en.wikipedia.org September 1 2020, Default gateway,

accessed 16, 2020,
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_gateway#:~:text=A%20default%20gateway%20is%20t
he,IP%20address%20of%20a%20packet.>

PowerCert Animated Videos. IP Address - IPv4 vs IPv6 Tutorial. YouTube. Retrieved August
15, 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThdO9beHhpA

Code.org. 2015, September 10. The Internet: IP Addresses & DNS. YouTube. Retrieved
August 15, 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

PowerCert Animated Videos. 2017, May 1. DHCP Explained - Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol. YouTube. Retrieved August 15, 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6-
TaH5bkjo

17
PowerCert Animated Videos. 2018, June 7. NAT Explained - Network Address Translation.
YouTube. Retrieved August 15, 2020 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTUV0t6JaDA&t=140s

Ritesh kant. 2017, December 1. Basic Networking Terms | IP | SUBNET | GATEWAY | DNS.
YouTube. Retrieved August 16, 2020 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRLxUNTLiK4

Software and Applications

Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco Packet Tracer Mobile, updated May 12, 2017. Google Play Store
Accessed 16, 2020

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