DBM10133

MATHEMATICS FOR
TECHONOLOGY
ANISAH BINTI ARBAIN
JMSK-PNS
 Topic 1: Basic Algebra
1.0Basic Algebra
1.1Simplify basic algebra
1.1.1 Define algebraic fractions using
addition
subtraction
multiplication
division
1.1.2 Simplify the answer from fraction to percentage vice
versa
1.2 Show algebraic equation as unknown to be subject formula
1.2.1 Solve unknown from algebraic equation.
1.3 Solve simultaneous linear equations with two variables
1.3.1 Solve simultaneous linear equations using the
elimination method
1.3.2 Solve simultaneous linear equations using the
substitution method
1.0

Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA

1
Thinking????
What is the missing
A Puzzle number?????

Conferences

2 The answer is 6. Because

6 – 2 = 4 (easy).

Final

3
However, in Algebra we use a letter
(usually an x or y) instead of blank
boxes. So we would write:

It is really that simple. The letter (in this case an x) just means
“we don’t know this yet”, and is often called the unknown or
the variable.
BASIC ALGEBRA
Coefficient Variable

A variable - symbol for a number we don’t know yet

- Usually a letter like x or y

A coefficient - number multiply a variable 4X - 3 = 8

- Ex: 4x (4 times x)

So, 4 is coefficient Operator Constants

An operator - symbol like (+,-, x , etc.) represent an operation

Parts of an equation
A Term - is either a single number or a variable, or
numbers and variables multiplied
together.

An Expression - a group of terms (the terms are

separated by + or - signs)

Algebraic expressions are simplified by

combining the like terms. Like terms are the terms
with the same unknown.
1.1 Basic Algebra
Simplify basic algebra

• We need to simplify the algebraic

expression to the simplest or lowest term

• Solve algebraic fractions using addition,

subtraction, multiplication & division

• Simplify the answer from fraction to

percentage vice versa
Example 1: Addition & Subtraction In Algebra
Simplify each of the following
Addition & subtraction
Addition & subtraction
Example 2: Multiplication & Division In Algebra
Simplify each of the following
Question Solution Notes(index Law)

a. 2xy (5yz) =2•5•x•y•y•z y1+y1 = y1+1

=10xy2z =y2

3𝑏3 3 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 × 𝑏 3 𝑏2 𝑐 × 𝑏3
b. 20𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 × = 20 × × = 𝑏 2+3 𝑐1−1
5𝑐
5 𝑐 𝑐
5
= 12𝑎𝑏
= 𝑏5

c. 4𝑘 2 ÷ 12𝑘 3 𝑙 4𝑘 2 𝑘2
= = 𝑘 2−3
12𝑘 3 𝑙 𝑘 3

1 1
= =
𝑘
3𝑘𝑙
Multiplication & Division
Expanding Brackets
Exercises

Answer:
Answer:
Exercises

Exercises

Answer:
Answer:
Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa

• A percentage is a fraction with 100 as the denominator.

• The symbol % is used to represent percentage.

• A fraction or decimal can be changed to a percentage by multiplying the

fraction or the decimal by 100%

• Conversely, a percentage can be changed to a fraction or decimal by dividing the

fraction or decimal by 100.
Example 3: Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa
A. Express each of the following fractions as a percentage
Example 3: Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa
B. Write each of the following percentages as a fraction
with a denominator of 100
Example 3: Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa
C. Express each of the following as a percentage
Example 3: Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa
D. Change each of the following percentages to a fraction
in its lowest terms.
Example 3: Fraction To Percentage Vice Versa
E. Change each of the following percentages to a decimal
Exercise
Exercise
 02
Show algebraic equation as
unknown to be subject formula
Solve unknown from algebraic equation.
CHANGING THE SUBJECT
Example
Example 1 : Example 2 :
Given the equation below. Make y as the subject of Given the equation below. Make a as the subject of
the equation the equation

𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 14 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
𝑦 = 14 − 12𝑥 𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝑠 − 𝑢𝑡
𝑠 − 𝑢𝑡
𝑎=
𝑡2

Example 3 : Example 4 :
Given 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 4. Express x in term of y Given the formula 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠. Make u as a
subject of the formula𝑢2 = 𝑣 2 − 2𝑎𝑠
𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 42 𝑢= 𝑣 2 − 2𝑎𝑠
2𝑥 = 16 − 𝑦
16 − 𝑦
𝑥=
2
Exercises 
Make each in the bracket as a Subject Formula.
𝑎𝑐 𝑚𝑥
i. 𝑔= , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 ii. 𝑡 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥
𝑏 𝑦

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
iii. 𝑢 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 iv. 𝑣 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥
𝑚𝑥 2𝑥

𝑠+𝑡 𝑦 𝑥
v. 𝑢 − 𝑣 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣 vi. + , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥
𝑘 2 5

𝑦 6𝑎
vii.
𝑦
= 7, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 viii. + 3𝑎 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎
2 2
𝑥+2

ix , 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 , for a 7−𝑡 2
x. 𝑧 = , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡
𝑢4
Express the symbols indicated the subject of each of the
More exercises
following formula and express it in simplest form.
answer
 More exercises
answer
Example: Solve unknown from algebraic equation
Example: find the value of x for the following

1. 9𝑥 − 7 + 5𝑥 + 8 = 12𝑥 − 9 3
2. x + 𝑥 = −4

9𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 12𝑥 = −9 + 7 − 8 𝑥 2 +3
14𝑥 = −10 =4
𝑥
−10 2
𝑥= 𝑥 + 3 = 4𝑥
14 2
−5 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑥𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥 = 7 𝑥−3 𝑥−1 =0
𝑥=3 𝑥=1

2 3 1 3 1
3. = 𝑥+8 4. . − 4+𝑥 =2
3𝑥−4

3 1 1
2 𝑥 + 8 = 3(3𝑥 − 4) = +
𝑥 2 4
2𝑥 + 16 = 9𝑥 − 12 3
=
3
𝑥 4
2𝑥 − 9𝑥 = −12 − 16 3𝑥 = 12
−7𝑥 = −28 12
−28 𝑥=
𝑥= 3
−7 𝑥=4
𝑥=4
Exercises 
Solve unknown from algebraic equation.

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 Pop Quiz
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Activity 2: translating algebraic expressions

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 Solve simultaneous linear
1.3 equations with two variables
• Solve simultaneous linear equations using the
elimination method

• Solve simultaneous linear equations using the

substitution method
 Simultaneous
1.3.1
Linear Equations
Solve simultaneous linear equations using
the elimination method
Elimination Method
This method involves eliminating either the
x terms or the y terms by adding or
subtracting the two equations.
Before that, we need to perform ‘balancing
the coefficients’ and for further
explanation, the next example illustrate
how it works.
Example 1: Elimination Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 2: Elimination Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 3: Elimination Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 4: Elimination Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Exercises 
 Simultaneous
1.3.2
Linear Equations
Solve simultaneous linear equations using
Substitution Method
Substitution Method
We need to rearrange of one of the
equations either to express:
a) y in terms of x and which we will
substitute this expression into the
another equation or
b) b) x in terms of y and which we will
substitute this expression into the
another equation
Example 1: Substitution Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 2: Substitution Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 3: Substitution Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Example 4: Substitution Method
Solve the simultaneous equations using the elimination method
Exercises 
Question-Final exam