The document discusses the history and development of education in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. It notes that 1) religious orders had outsized influence and emphasized religious teachings, 2) teaching methods were outdated, 3) the curriculum was limited and neglected primary education, 4) there was an absence of academic freedom and prejudice against Filipinos in higher education, and 5) friars largely controlled the educational system. Overall, education during this period was a means of maintaining colonial rule and privilege for Spaniards rather than benefiting Filipinos.
The document discusses the history and development of education in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. It notes that 1) religious orders had outsized influence and emphasized religious teachings, 2) teaching methods were outdated, 3) the curriculum was limited and neglected primary education, 4) there was an absence of academic freedom and prejudice against Filipinos in higher education, and 5) friars largely controlled the educational system. Overall, education during this period was a means of maintaining colonial rule and privilege for Spaniards rather than benefiting Filipinos.
The document discusses the history and development of education in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. It notes that 1) religious orders had outsized influence and emphasized religious teachings, 2) teaching methods were outdated, 3) the curriculum was limited and neglected primary education, 4) there was an absence of academic freedom and prejudice against Filipinos in higher education, and 5) friars largely controlled the educational system. Overall, education during this period was a means of maintaining colonial rule and privilege for Spaniards rather than benefiting Filipinos.
The document discusses the history and development of education in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule. It notes that 1) religious orders had outsized influence and emphasized religious teachings, 2) teaching methods were outdated, 3) the curriculum was limited and neglected primary education, 4) there was an absence of academic freedom and prejudice against Filipinos in higher education, and 5) friars largely controlled the educational system. Overall, education during this period was a means of maintaining colonial rule and privilege for Spaniards rather than benefiting Filipinos.
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● By the late 18th century, Spain and therefore the Philippines were finally feeling
the effects of political and economic developments taking place in Europe.
● GALLEON- The eventual end of the galleon to Acapulco's monopoly was
significant as a boost to trade. By the middle of the 1830s, Manila was virtually completely open to European commerce. The final galleon arrived in Manila in 1815.
● SUEZ CANAL-The opening of the Suez Canal The changes that took place in the second half of the nineteenth century had far reaching effects on the Filipinos . One of these important changes was the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. this resulted in the shorter route and travel time between Spain and the Philippines.
● SUEZ CANAL- Among them were exiled creoles from Mexico like Varela and Novales, whose subversive ideas and activities advocated freedom and liberties. Later on, they influence some educated Filipinos and soon both were asking the government to introduce changes in the administration of the colony. These books and periodicals were read by the educated Filipinos who learned about democratic practice in Europe , such us freedom of the press, freedom of speech , and the free exchange of ideas among people.
● CHINESE-MESTIZOS -A new class emerged as a result of the expansion of
commercial agriculture. Along with the church's parcels of land and the preSpanish nobility's rice estates, haciendas of coffee, hemp, and sugar developed; these were frequently owned by ambitious Chinese-Filipino mestizos. Families that rose to prominence in the 19th century have remained influential in Philippine politics and economics
● CHINESE-MESTIZOS- In the nineteenth century, Chinese mestizos played a
significant role in Philippine society and were essential in the development of the Filipino middle class and the movement for reform.
● INQUILINOS-As members of the middle class , they were able to send their children to colleges and universities in Manila and even to Europe. Hence , the wealthy and highly educated Filipinos called ilustrados compose the middle class in Philippines colonial society under Spain.
● EDUCATION-Public education didn't start in the Philippines until 1863, and
even then, the church was in charge of the curriculum. Fewer than one-fifth of individuals who attended school were proficient in Spanish reading, writing, and speaking.
1. Overemphasis on religious matters
The power of religious orders remained one of the great constants, over the centuries, of Spanish colonial rule. The friars of the Augustinian, Dominican, and Franciscan orders conducted many of the executive and control functions of government on the local level. They were responsible for education and health measures. These missionaries emphasized the teachings of the Catholic religion starting from the primary level to the tertiary level of education.
2. Obsolete teaching methods
Their methods are outdated.
3. Limited curriculum
The students in the primary level were taught the Christian Doctrines, the reading of Spanish books and a little of the natives’ language. Science and Mathematics were not very much taught to the students even in the universities. Aside from the Christian Doctrines taught, Latin was also taught to the students instead of Spanish.
4. Poor classroom facilities
5. Absence of teaching materials
6. Primary education was neglected
7. Absence of academic freedom
The absence of academic freedom in Spain’s educational system was
extended to the schools that Spaniards established in the Philippines. Learning in every level was largely by rote. Students memorized and repeated the contents of book which they did not understand. In most cases knowledge was measured in the ability of the students to memorize, largely hampering intellectual progress.
8. Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher learning
In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students. The supposed Philippine education was only a means to remain in the Philippines as colonizers. For this reason, the Filipinos became followers to the Spaniards in their own country. Even auspicious Filipinos became cronies, to the extent that even their life styles were patterned from the Spaniards.
9. Friar control over the system
The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times. They owned different schools, ranging from the primary level to the tertiary levels of education. The missionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules and regulations imposed to the students
● Liberalism in the Philippines In 1868, a revolutions took place in Spain. The
revolutionists were against the autocratic reign of Queen Isabel II. It lasted from 1868- 1868. the triumph of the Spanish revolutionists who fought for popular suffrage and freedom of speech , the press , and of religions , brought to the country same liberal and progressive Spaniards. One of them was Governor- General Carlos Maria de la Torre.
● SIGNIFICANCE-To many Filipinos , mestizo, and Spaniards who embraced
progressive ideas , Governor de la Torre was the best governor-general the Philippines has ever had.
● BOURBON- This political reform sets the economic and political legislation promulgated by the Spanish crown under various kings like King Philip V (1700-1746), King Ferdinand VI (1746-1759), King Charles III (1759- 1788) and Charles IV (1788-1800). ● It pursued the state supremacy over the Catholic church, resulting to the suppressing of Jesuits in 1767 as well as ecclesiastical privileges. • It gave deep consequences of colonial policy innovations in areas such as Mexico and Philippines that was why it gave also the Philippine natives the idea that colonization could be done without much intervention from Catholic church. ● The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard’s slave. The Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked under the power of the Spaniards. Cadiz Constitution/Spanish Constitution of 1812 • It was a liberal constitution promulgated by the 300 deputies from Spanish America and Philippines on March 1819, 1812 at Cadiz Port, Mediterranean to end the abuse of conservative ideas in Spain. • In Manila, an election held to name the Filipino delegate who will represent the Philippines, and it was Ventura Delos Reyes. ● It declares “sovereignty resides the nation, which the exclusive right to establish its fundamental laws.” • It established: -universal male suffrage -constitutional monarchy -freedom of press, land reform, free enterprise -allowing colonies to have representatives in Spanish Cortes ● It was declared invalid by King Fernando VII and restored “Absolutism.” • This constitution was not been implemented in the Philippines (supposedly in 1815) but resulted in revised system of Spanish Government in the Philippines like the abolition of Galleon Trade, converting mercantilism to free-trade and Ilocos rebellion and advent of liberalism.
