SCIENCE 9

4th QUARTER

Most Essential Learning Competency

Investigate the relationship between the angle of release and
the height and range of the projectile. (S9FE-lVa-35)

To the Learner
This module was specially designed for you to learn the important
concepts even on your own. To achieve the objectives of this module,
read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.
1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your
studies.
2. Take your time to read the lessons carefully.
3. Answer all the given tests and activities intelligently within the
allotted time.
4. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to
ask your teacher.
5. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.
The Writer
Expectations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. demonstrate what happens to the height and range of the

projectile at different angles of release.
2. infer from examples that the angle of release affects the height
and range of a projectile.
3. infer that complementary angles of release result in the same
range but different height for a projectile.
4. use examples derive from sports to show that the angle of
release affects the range and height of a projectile.

Pre-test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the BEST
answer on your answer sheet.

1. A sepak takraw that is kicked from a height follows a path that

is____________.
A. linear B. circular C. hyperbolic D. parabolic

2. A basketball player has thrown a ball at 40º angle and travels 8 m.

If the ball is thrown at the same speed, at what other angle will the
ball be allowed to travel 8 m?
A. 20º B. 45º C. 50º D. 80º

3. What factor(s) affect(s) how far and how high a projectile will land?
A. Angle C. Both angle and initial velocity
B. Initial velocity D. None of the above

4. A baseball player leads off the game and hits along home run. The
ball leaves the bat at an angle of 45º with a velocity of 35 m/s.
What is the maximum height reached by the baseball?
A. 5 m B. 31 m C. 80 m D. 125 m

5. What is the maximum horizontal distance or range travelled by the

baseball in no. 4?
A. 5 m B. 31 m C. 80 m D. 125 m

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 Looking Back “ FILL me… to Complete ME ”

Directions:
Fill in the missing letters to complete the word that is being
described or defined in the following statements.

1. Any object exhibiting projectile motion.

J T
2. The path followed by a projectile.

A R

3. The horizontal and vertical components of a projectile are totally

______________ from each other.
I P N
4. The maximum horizontal distance traveled by the projectile.
A E
5. On the ideal condition, a projectile is accelerating only due to the
influence of _______________.

R I

Brief Introduction
Have you experienced
the following:

➢ shooting a basketball?
➢ spiking a volleyball?
➢ shooting arrows w/ a bow?
➢ swinging a golf club?
➢ throwing a javelin?
➢ diving from a board?
➢ kicking a football or a
sepak takraw ball?
➢ hitting a ball by a baseball
bat?
➢ jumping on a trampoline?
Figure 1: Sports showing Projectile Motion
(Illustration by: I.M. Sullano)
What have you observed?

Can you describe the path of the ball or the athlete in flight in those sports?

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 Projectiles in sports include objects (more often are different kinds of
ball) and athletes in flight as a result of shooting, throwing, batting,
kicking, and jumping. If you are a thrower, pitcher, long jumper, golfer,
basketball player, or any other athlete whose sport involves objects in flight,
these principles about the effects of force on angle, height, impact, and
range can help you understand your sports and will also help you develop
sound technique related to your needed sport skills.

Projectile motion occurs in plenty of sports like golf, archery, rugby,

ski jumping, diving, football, soccer, javelin-throw, baseball, volleyball,
basketball and many others. In those sports, there are always projectiles
(usually a ball or any object being released or can also be the athlete
himself) and the motion of the projectile has both horizontal and vertical
components. The horizontal motion is constant or moves at the same
speed, while the vertical motion is accelerated or changes speed.

The angle of release affects

the range and height of a projectile.
The maximum range is achieved if the
projectile is launched at an angle of 45º
with respect to the horizontal as shown
in figure 2. An object kicked at an angle
of 30º will also be the same if it is kicked
at 60º. The angles 30º and 60º are
called complementary angles because
they add up to 90º. (15º and 75º are
also complementary angles.)

As the angle of launch

increases, the vertical displacement or
height of the projectile will also
Figure 2: The paths of projectiles launched at the
increase. At the highest point, the same speed but at different angles
vertical component of velocity is zero and
(https://slideplayer.com/slide/4526763/)
the time to reach the maximum
height is half of the total time of
flight.

How does the initial

velocity of a projectile affect
its range? Obviously, the
greater the initial
speed vo, the greater the
range of the projectile, as
shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Trajectories of projectiles on level ground.

The greater the initial speed v0, the greater the
range for a given initial angle.
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/3-4-
projectile-motion)

(https://slideplayer.com/slide/4526763/)

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 “ Ready Aim…..Flight! ”
Activity

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between the angle of
release, the height and range of the projectile.

Materials:
Plastic spoon Ruler (at least 1 foot)
Cardboard Protractor
Rubber bands Cellphone stopwatch
Clay (form a small piece – round shape)
(you can use other small objects like stone but if clay
is available at home it is advisable to use it because
Figure 3: An Improvised Catapult
it will not bounce that much once it hits the ground) ( Illustration by: I.M. Sullano)

Procedure:
1. Set – up an improvised catapult using the plastic spoon, card board and
rubber bands. (You can follow the design as shown in Figure 3)

2. Place the projectile (clay/any small object) to be launched in the catapult

3. Launch the projectile in the catapult at 15º angle. Measure the angle of
release using the protractor.

4. Get the time it takes for the clay to hit the ground and record it under
the Time of Flight.

5. Measure the height (or maximum vertical distance) reached by the clay
using the ruler and record your data.

6. Measure also the range (or the farthest horizontal distance) traveled by
the clay and record your data.

7. Repeat steps 3 – 7, using 30º, 45º , 60º, and 75º angle of release.
(See to it that you are giving equal force/initial velocity in launching
your projectile at different angles)

8. Record your measurement on the data table below.

Angle of Release Height (cm) Range (cm) Time of Flight (s)

15º

30º

45º

60º

75º
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 Guide Questions:

1. At what angle of release did the clay travel farthest? ______

2. How will you compare the range (horizontal distance) travelled by the
clay at 30º and 60º angles? How about at 15º and 75º angles?
________________________________________________________________________

3. At what angle of release did the clay reach the highest height?_____

4. How will you compare the height reached by the clay at 30º, 45º & 60º?
_______________________________________________________________________

5. How does the angle of release affect the range of a projectile?

_______________________________________________________________________

6. How does the angle of release affect the height of a projectile?

_______________________________________________________________________

Activity “ Solve…Solve…Solve..!!! ”

Objectives:
1. Solve problems for projectiles launched at different angles with the
horizontal to calculate maximum height, range, and total time of flight of
the projectile.
2. Use examples derive from sports to show that the angle of release affects
the range and height of a projectile.

Directions:
Solve the given word problem and complete the table below.

Problem:
A sepak takraw player kicked the ball at a speed of
12 m/s. Determine the range and the height reached
by the sepak takraw ball at a given angle. Find the total
Illustration by: I.M. Sullano time of flight also.
Angle of Release Max. Height (m) Range (m) Time of Flight (s)

25º 1.31 11.3 1.04

40º

45º

50º

65º

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(Note: you can access the links
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/more_stuff/Applets/Projectile/projectile.html
& https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/projectile-motion/latest/projectile-motion_en.html
to see the simulation and to verify your answer.)

(25º Angle of Release is done for you as your guide and sample)

Sample Computation:

Given:
𝑣𝑜 = 12 m/s sin θ = 0.423
θ = 25º cos θ = 0.906

Find:
a. max. height (𝑑𝑦) = ?

b. range (𝑑𝑥) = ?

c. time of flight (t) = ?

Solution:

a. Solving for the max. height (𝑑𝑦):

Equation:

b. Solving for range (𝑑x):

Equation:

(note: t = 2t ; t ↑ = 𝒕 ↓ ; t = t ↑ + 𝐭 ↑ )
(Total time of flight = t in going up + t in going down)

c. Solving for the time of flight (t)

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Guide Questions:

1. At what angle of release did the sepak takraw ball travel farthest? ______

2. How will you compare the range (horizontal distance) travelled by the
ball at angles of 25º and 65º? How about at angles of 40º and 50º?

________________________________________________________________________

3. At what angle of release did the ball reach the highest height?_________

4. How will you compare the height reached by the ball at 25º, 45º and 65º?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

5. How will you explain the relationship between the angle of release to the
range and height of a projectile?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Remember

➢ A body in projectile motion has a parabolic trajectory with horizontal

and vertical components. The horizontal component of projectile motion
(with respect to the x-axis) has the acceleration equal to zero since
the velocity is constant. On the other hand, the vertical component of
acceleration is constant which is equal to the acceleration due to gravity
(9.8 m/s2).
➢ Projectile motion is considered as 2-Dimentional motion, an object is
displaced two ways, horizontally (how far) or vertically (how high). The
amount of how far and how high an object reaches is dependent upon
a) the angle at which it leaves from its initial position (angle of release).
and b) how fast it leaves its initial position (initial velocity)

➢ How far the range and the maximum

height reached by a projectile is
dependent upon the angle of release,
initial velocity, or both. Changing
one or both variables leads to either
increase of decrease of the range and
height of the projectile.
Figure 4: Trajectories of a projectile with
varying initial velocities
➢ At the same angle, the greater the https://www.google.com/search?q=Factors+affecting
+the+height+and+range+of+projectiles
initial velocity the farther and the
higher the distance that can be attained by the projectile (as shown in
Figure 4.)
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 Figure 5: Trajectories of a projectile with varying angle of release

https://www.zigya.com/study/book?class=12&board=cbse&subject=Physical%20Education&book=
Physical%20Education&chapter=Kinesiology,%20Biomechanics%20&q_type=&q_topic=Projectile%2
0And%20factors%20affecting%20Projectile%20Trajectory&question_id=PEEN12176085

➢ Given that the initial velocity does not change, the maximum height
that can be reached by a projectile increases with increasing angle
of release. (as shown in Figure 5.)

➢ When initial velocity is constant, the range reached by a projectile

increases with increasing angle of release until it reaches the
maximum range at 45º. Beyond 45º, the range decreases as angle of
release increases.

➢ The range of a projectile fired at an elevation angle of 40° will also be

the same if it is fired at 50°. The angles 40° and 50° are called
complementary angles because they add up to 90°. Other examples
of complementary pairs are: 30° and 60°; 20° and 70° ; etc. In other
words, the range of a projectile will be the same for elevation angles of
θ and 90° – θ.

➢ There are so many applications of projectile motion in sports. Once a

projectile has left the ground it will follow a flight path called a parabola
until it once more comes back down to earth. This applies to balls,
javelins, discus, dart, arrow, long jumpers, high jumpers, ski jumper,
and divers. There is no one or nothing that escapes the effects of gravity.

( Illustration by: Irene M. Sullano)

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 Check Your Understanding

Directions:

Read each statement well and fill in the blanks with the correct
word or words that will summarize the kinematics of projectile motion.
(Choose from the two options inside the parenthesis for each number.)

1. As the angle of release __________(increases, decreases), the height

or vertical displacement of the projectile will also___________
(increases, decreases).

2. The ________________(minimum, maximum) range is achieved if the

projectile is fired at an angle of 45º with respect to the horizontal.

3. The time to reach the maximum height is _______(half, twice) of the

total time of flight.

4. An object launched at an angle of 10º will also be the same if it is

launched at _____ (80º, 90º).

5. (Football, Track and Field) ________________ is an example of sport

which exhibits projectile motion.

Post Test

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the BEST
answer on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following angle does the ball go farthest if it is thrown

at an angle with the horizontal and neglecting air resistance?
A. 30º B. 45º C. 60º D. 90º

2. A basketball player throws the ball at different angles. At which of

the following angles will the ball achieve the maximum height when
the initial velocity given is the same for all the angles?
A. 35º B. 45º C. 65º D. 70º

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3. What factor(s) affect(s) how far and how high a projectile will land?
A. Angle C. Both angle and initial velocity
B. Initial velocity D. None of the above

4. A sepak takraw is kicked 51º above with an initial velocity of 18

m/s. What is the maximum height reached by the ball? About
A. 3 m B. 10 m C. 32 m D. 70 m

5. What is the maximum horizontal distance or range travelled by the

baseball in no. 4?
A. 3 m B. 10 m C. 32 m D. 70 m

Reflection

Reflect in what you have learned from this module by

completing the activity below.

Write 2 Concepts that you clearly understood from the lesson.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Give 1 Thing which you wish to apply in your daily life.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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