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Automatic Attendance System By Visual Programming Language LabVIEW

Conference Paper · July 2016

DOI: 10.1109/ICPEICES.2016.7853192

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 Automatic Attendance System by Visual
Programming Language LabVIEW
Amit Kumar1, P.K. Verma2, Srinivas Perala3 and P.R. Chadha4
1,2,4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
3
Digilogic Systems Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
1

Abstract—This paper presents an application of In recent years, face recognition becomes very
LabVIEW and camera interface which is used for taking popular [3] and the research on it has rapidly increased by
attendance in classroom. The system use a camera which is engineers. It has large applications in neuroscience. It has
connected to PC on USB interface and attached to each and many features in computer vision, machine vision,
every classroom for taking snap of students presented.
communication, bio medical and automatic product
LabVIEW graphical programming environment is a tool for
realizing the image acquisition and processing. This software inspection. Face detection plays critical role in face
has several advantages: simple implementation, modularity, recognition [4-6]. It is first step for automatic face
flexibility, attractive user interface and possibility to develop recognition. But, in case of face detection there are several
very easy new features. Face recognition and machine vision variations like occlusion, orientation of image, variations
applications in automatic inspection of various electronic of pose, facial expression, and orientation of image.
modules can also be implemented using given algorithm. The organization of the rest of the paper is as follows.
Keywords: Pattern Recognition, Image Processing, Image In section II, describes the image acquisition.
Acquisition, Virtual Instuments(vi), LabVIEW, Digital Image Mathematical representation of digital image is explained
I. INTRODUCTION in section III. Section IV shows the pattern matching using
LabVIEW. Section V, gives the conclusion of proposed
The Prevailing attendance system in the University system.
works manually and is taken by the faculty or the course
instructor by the Roll/Registration id call and the II. IMAGE ACQUISITION
attendance is marked for every hour for the students and Image is generally associated with light incident and
the responses are saved in an online interface being used reflected from scene. Hence, light distribution in the scene
for all the University purposes called the UMS or is one of variables information of images. Since the
University Management System. This process is taking formation of image of any object depends of the
more time for attendance. interaction of the light with object in any scene and the
So for reduce this wastage of time this system of energy emitted from one or different sources light changes
taking attendance can be used. Usually 3-5 minutes are in its trip.
wasted in conventional attendance system. But in this new In Fig. 1 it is shown that how to acquire video from a
system it is just taking 1-2 seconds in whole process of webcam by using LabVIEW and NIVision Acquisition
attendance. So it will to save the time. Express located in Vision/Vision Express toolbox. This
In this process a camera is used in every classroom method is the simplest way to acquire the image or video
which is connected to PC on USB port. When faculty from camera and also to configure the camera. In NI
wants to take attendance he just has to switch on the Vision Acquisition configuration block four sections are
process [1]. The attached camera will take a snap of whole there: the first section is the option of “select acquisition
source” [1]. Inside this option it shows all the cameras
class. It sends this image to PC and then it is decided that
connected with the computer which is used. We can select
which student is present and who is not. PC operates an
the required camera used. The second section is “select
algorithm of image processing for taking decision for acquisition type” which determines that what should be
present and absent students. Using this approach it is the mode of display the image. It has four modes: single
allowed to store the captured image for later processing. acquisition with processing, continuous acquisition with
After taking decision it created a excel sheet of present inline processing, finite acquisition with inline processing,
and absent students or it can also modify exist excel sheet and finite acquisition with post processing we can choose
or data. any one of these option according to our requirement. The
The applications presented in paper consist in an next option corresponds to the “configure acquisition
attendance system which is capable to recognize face and settings” it shows the constraints of camera like size,
monitor the present and absent students. By the use of brightness, contrast, gamma, saturation, etc. of the image
modular realization of both software and hardware parts taken by camera. The fourth and last section is to select
[2], the system can be easily operated with multiple controls and indicators. In Fig. 1 continuous acquisition
cameras. with inline processing is selected. It will acquire the image

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 Automatic Attendance System by Visual Programming Language LabVIEW  2905

and display in continuous mode or video mode. It will In Fig. 2 shows the block diagram of acquiring the
keep displaying the real time acquired image until the user video and the pattern recognition system. Here for
presses the stop button. continuous acquisition from the camera with acquisition
option of inline processing was used; hencea while loop is
present inside the blocks of video acquisition. First of all
the important thing is to transform the acquired video into
intensity values or gray scale image. One option is to
change RGB values to intensity values is by using IMAQ
extract single color plane available in vision utilities/color
utilities. The input for pattern recognition function will be
always gray scale image.
Fig. 1: Video Acquisition using IMAQ Vision Acquisition Express

III. MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF

DIGITAL IMAGE
An image is represented as an MxNelementsmatrix
[5]. The elements of matrix have a value which is
corresponding to pixel values of digitized image of
brightness of each and every point in acquired image.
Image can be of resolution in intensity8 bits, 16 bits
Fig. 2: Block Diagram of Pattern Recognition
and so on. An image of 8 bits resolution in intensity has
values from 0 to 255. For black and white image the For pattern recognition the function available in
values are either 0 or 1. In general, an image is represented LabVIEW is vision assistance. As shown in Fig. 3 (a)
in a bi dimensional matrix as shown in (1). machine vision function was selected. To create new
⋯ template click in the option new template and the select
… required portion of image which we want to use as
I= ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ (1)
template as shown in Fig. 3(b).
…
According to the depth of acquired image from most
of the cameras acquires with a depth of 8 bits so generally
the range of gray scale levels is from 0 to 255 for an image
so the elements of matrix represented by [0 … 255].
So from this concept we can say that the acquired RGB
format image can easily transformed in gray scale image
by using Grassman formula. Grassman formula is:
= (0.299) + (. 587) + (.114) (2)
Where, Igray= Gray scale image, IR= Red component
of color image, IG= Green component of color image, IB=
Blue component of color image
IV. PATTERN MATCHING USING LABVIEW
A. Pattern Recognition
Fig. 3 (a): Selection of Pattern Matching
For the recognition and detection of object pattern In last the vision assistant function which is having
recognition is a useful technique. This algorithm becomes the pattern matching algorithm will identifies the desired
simple and accurate for finding a template in an image.
object according to template in the whole in Fig. 4. At last
Along with the searches of exact apparition of image this
algorithm also finds a definite status of variation with when program will execute in real time it identifies the
respect to exact pattern. The simplest method of pattern desired object in the whole image [1].
recognition is the template matching. A remark is needed to obtain the recognized matches.
Definition of image M is the difference function The checkbox must be selected inside the control
between segments of the image: parameters. The output of vision assistant is a cluster that
( . ) = ∑ ∑ ( ( . ) − ( + , + )) (3) contains different information. This cluster can be
Where, M(x, y)= Final Image, P(a, b)= Template unbundled to form a rectangular box which can locate the
pixel values, A(x+a, y+b)=Pixel values of real time image. matches.

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Input Image Pattern

Image Decomposition Extraction

Feature Add Record to

Extraction Database

Fig. 6 (a): Procedure for Feature Extraction

Input Image Pattern

Image Decomposition Extraction

Feature Find Match in

Fig. 3 (b): Creation of New Template Extraction Database

Fig. 6 (b): Procedure for Recognition

At the time of taking the attendance then click the
start button, the camera is attached with the vision
acquisition and takes the image of the class in top angle
view. And after that taking image it sends this to vision
assistance where all the reference images are saved. It
compares each individual picture to the whole of the
image of the class and gives the output as a matrix of 1
Fig. 4: Recognition of Template in Whole Image and zero with respect to each and every student. By using
this matrix LabVIEW decide which student is present and
B. Procedure of Face Detection using LabVIEW which is not present (absent). The matched patterns of the
We easily detect a pattern from an image or a video. students are marked as present and rest are marked as
For this first of all we take a snap of original image then absent. After that we use the write to spread sheet, give the
store the interested part in LabVIEW buffer[6]. In our output list of present and absent students in an MS-Excel
sheet.
project we have to detect the face so we take the snap of
face of the person as shown in Fig. 5. Store the pattern of D. Block Diagram of Image Acquisition and Processing
that face in LabVIEW function Image Assistant. When we
run the program and the same face (Pattern) comes in In the Fig. 7, it is shown that two express VI’s used
front of camera then it detects that pattern and gives result (vision acquisition and vision assistant) [8]. Vision
in the form of matrix. acquisition is used to acquire the real time image from
camera. Path of the camera is given inside the configure
block of vision acquisition. IMAQ create function is used
for giving a name of acquired image and save temporary
in LabVIEW buffer.
Acquired image is in the form of color image but
pattern matching is done in gray scale image only because
pattern matching is based on intensity level of pixel values
of image. So we have to convert it into gray scale by using
IMAQ extract single color plane. Then gray scale image is
Fig. 5: Detecting Key Points of Patterns
given to vision assistant express VI. It finally takes the
decision that who is present and who is not.
C. Block Diagram of Face Recognition
The block diagram of face recognition using pattern
recognition method is given in Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b).
In this paper, we are having all the database of the
students in MS-Excel sheet. We store this data base in
LabVIEW buffer. For acquire the real time image from
camera vision acquisition is used by giving the path of
camera. After getting image use vision assistant express
VI. Inside vision assistant pattern-matching function is
there. Take the key parts of faces of each student inside
this express VI [9]. Fig. 7: Block Diagram of Image Acquisition and Processing

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 Automatic Attendance System by Visual Programming Language LabVIEW  2907

Start

It will take the snap of whole

class
Give the path of record

Compare the image from

database

Get output in 0 or 1 Fig. 9: Block Diagram to Extract Information of Student from Database

H. Overlay a Rectangular Box over Faces of

Present Student
If no of No
match ==
Show 1
the
output Yes Fig. 10: Block Diagram to Overlay Rectangular Box on Image

image Student is absent At the location of identified student a rectangular box

Student is
is overlay on the face as shown in Fig. 10. For this a
present
function is used called IMAQ overlay rectangular.

Append the information of students in excel

sheet
Fig. 8: Flow Diagram of Whole Process

E. Procedure Involved
1. Choose the image of class from a particular location.
2. Use a template which occupies the face of each
student.
3. Give the Excel sheet path in which the student
information will store.
4. The acquired image is in RGB format so convert the
image to gray scale format.
5. Take the gray scale image and match it with
template.
6. Use the function “no. of matches” which gives the
output 1 if pattern match otherwise 0. Fig. 11: Block Diagram to Append the Result
7. If output is 1 the student is present otherwise absent.
8. By using this information generate the Excel sheet. I. Append and Final Result
Finally append the status of each student and save it
F. Design Flow Diagram
into excel sheet. For this we use write to spreadsheet
This design flow diagram shown in the Fig. 8 function and block diagram in shown in Fig. 11.
represents the whole process from top to bottom.
J. Front Panel
G. To Extract Data of Student from Excel Sheet
Front panel is user interface of LabVIEW[10]. All
For extracting details like roll no, name a function is controls and indicators are present in front panel. In this
used called read from spreadsheet. This function extract program front panel consist of Image out, 2-D array,
the excel sheet in rows and column. After extracting image file input, excels file input and outputs are present
software will decide who is present and who is not. Block as shown in Fig. 12.
diagram for the same is shown in Fig. 9.

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REFERENCES
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Detection and Segmentation via Approximate Sequence
This work was supported by Delhi Technological Alignment“, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision,
vol. 1, pp. 816 – 823, 2005.
University, New Delhi. I would like to thanks Mr. [10] P. Surekha, and S. Sumathi, “ LabVIEW based Advance
SrinivasPerala for their great support. Instrumentation” 1st Edition, Springer, 2007.

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