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Introduction To Direct Proportions

This document provides information about direct and inverse variations in mathematics for Class 8. It defines direct variation as two variables changing in the same sense, where one amount increases as the other increases at the same rate. Inverse variation is defined as two variables changing inversely, where one amount decreases as the other increases. The document gives examples and relationships to represent direct (xy = k) and inverse (xy = k) variations, and discusses their application to problems involving time and work.

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Rashmi
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139 views3 pages

Introduction To Direct Proportions

This document provides information about direct and inverse variations in mathematics for Class 8. It defines direct variation as two variables changing in the same sense, where one amount increases as the other increases at the same rate. Inverse variation is defined as two variables changing inversely, where one amount decreases as the other increases. The document gives examples and relationships to represent direct (xy = k) and inverse (xy = k) variations, and discusses their application to problems involving time and work.

Uploaded by

Rashmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maxfort School, Rohini

Subject: Mathematics
Class: VIII(2020 - 21)
Chapter: Direct and inverse variations

When two variables change in the same sense i.e as one amount increases, the other amount also
increases at the same rate it is called direct proportionality. When two variables such as x and y are
given, y is directly proportional to x if there is non zero constant k. The constant ratio is called
constant of proportionality or proportionality constant.

Introduction to Direct Proportions

Direct Proportion
If the value of a variable x always increases or decreases with the respective increase or decrease in value of
variable y, then it is said that the variables x and y are in direct proportion.
For example : In the table below, we have variable y – Cost (in Rs) always increasing when there is an increase
in variable x – Weight of sugar (in kg). Likewise if the weight of sugar reduced, the cost would also reduce.
Hence the two variables are in direct proportion.

To know more about Direct Proportion, visit here.

Relation for Direct Proportion


Considering two variables x and y,
xy = k or x=ky establishes the simple relation for direct proportion between x and y, where k is a constant.
So if x and y are in direct proportion, it can be said that
x1y1 = x2y2 where y1 and y2 correspond to respective values of x1 and x2.

Inverse Proportions
If the value of variable x decreases or increases upon corresponding increase or decrease in the value of
variable y, then we can say that variables x and
y are in inverse proportion.
For example : In the table below, we have variable y: Time taken (in minutes) reducing proportionally to the
increase in value of variable x: Speed (in km/hour). Hence the two variables are in inverse proportion.

Relation for Inverse Proportion


Considering two variables x and y,
xy=k or x=ky establishes the relation for inverse proportionality between x and y, where k is a constant.
So if x and y are in inverse proportion, it can be said that
x1x2 = y2y1 where y1 and y2 are corresponding values of variables x1 and x2

Time and Work


It is important to establish the relationship between time taken and the work done in any given problem or
situation. If time increases with increase in work, then the relation is directly proportional. In such a case we
will use x1y1 =x2y2 to arrive at our solution.

However if they are inversely proportional we will use the relation x1x2 = y2y1 to arrive at our answer.

For example : In the table below, we have the number of students (x) that took a  certain number of days (y)
to complete a fixed amount of food supplies. Now we have to calculate the number of days it would take for
an increased number of students to finish the identical amount of food.
Number of students 100 125

Number of days 20 y

We know that with greater number of people, the time taken to complete the food will be lesser, therefore
we have an inverse proportionality relation between x and y here.
Hence by applying the formula, we have:
100 /125 = y / 20
 y = (100 X 20) / 125
 y =16 days

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