Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

No. Q1-1

REPRESENTING REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS USING FUNCTIONS

I. Background Information for Learners

Welcome to the first lesson of your General Mathematics. This lesson will give
you the practical application of functions in a real-life scenario including the piece-
wise function. When you are in Grade 8, you already encountered relation and
function. But in this module, let’s take into a deeper sense on how this topic can be
useful in our daily life. Are you all ready?

Before we proceed in representing real-life scenario using function, let’s go back

to where we start. What have you remembered about relations and functions?

A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered
pairs is called the domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is
called the range.
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements
(domain and range) such that each element in the domain corresponds to exactly
one element in the range.

There are several ways to determine whether a relation is a function or not.

A. Ordered Pairs
Suppose x denotes the elements in the domain and y denotes the elements
in the range, then a set of ordered pairs is a function if and only if there is
no more than one y-values in the range for a single x-value in the domain.

Example: Let us identify whether the following set of ordered pairs is/are
function/s or not.
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1, (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}

You are right! The relations A and B are functions because each element in the
domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. Meanwhile, relations C and

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D are not functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain [C =
(0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].

B. Table of Values
How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?

That’s right! A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to
exactly one value of y. Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.

C. Mapping Diagram
We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping
diagrams, which do you think represent functions?

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 You are correct! The relations A and C are functions because each element in
the domain corresponds to a unique element in the range. However, B is a mere
relation and not function because there is a domain which corresponds to more
than one range.

D. Graphs
How about if the given are graphs of relations, can you identify which are
functions? Do you still remember the vertical line test? Let’s recall.

Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?

Yes, that’s right! A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not
because they do not pass the vertical line test.

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 In Mathematics, we can represent functions in different ways. It can be
represented through words, tables, mappings, equations, and graphs.

Functions as representations of real-life situations

Functions can often be used to model real-life situations. Identifying an

appropriate functional model will lead to a better understanding of various
phenomena.

Nationality for example could illustrate a function. We expect that at least a

person has one nationality. Let say Kim is the domain and her nationality is the
range, therefore there is a one-to-one relationship. Since Kim was born and live in
the Philippines, she can never have multiple nationalities except Filipino.
(Remember: Under RA 9225 only those naturally born Filipinos who have become
naturalized citizens of another country can have dual citizenship. This is not
applicable to Kim since she was born in the Philippines and never a citizen of other
country.)

Religion is also an example of function because a person can never have two
religions. Inside the classroom, three classmates said that they are Catholic. This
shows a many-to-one relationship. Classmates being the domain and religion being
the range indicate that different values of domain can have one value of range.
One-to-one relationship was also illustrated by the classmates who said that they
are Born Again, Muslim and Iglesia ni Cristo - one student to one religion.

The Function Machine

Function can be illustrated as a machine where there is the input and the
output. When you put an object into a machine, you expect a product as output
after the process being done by the machine. For example, when you put an orange
fruit into a juicer, you expect an orange juice as the output and not a grape juice.
Or you will never expect to have two kinds of juices - orange and grapes.

You have learned that function can be represented by equation. Since output
(y) is dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a function of x. For example, if a
function machine always adds three (3) to whatever you put in it. Therefore, we can
derive an equation of x +3= y or f ( x)= x+3 where f (x)= y .

Let’s try the following real-life situation.

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A. If height (H) is a function of age (a), give a function H that can represent the
height of a person in a age, if every year the height is added by 2 inches.
Solution:
Since every year the height is added by 2 inches, then the height function is
H (a)=2+ a

B. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can represent the
distance a car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.
Solution:
Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance
function is given by D(t)=60 t

C. Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a cellular
phone in h hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.
Solution:
Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of battery
function is B(h)=100−0 . 12h

D. Squares of side x are cut from each corner of a 10 in x 8 in rectangle, so that its
sides can be folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that
can represent the volume of the box.
Solution:
The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its
height is x. Thus, the volume of the box can be represented by the function.
2 3
V ( x )=(10−2 x)(8−2 x )( x)=80 x−36 x + 4 x

Piecewise Functions
There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain
the given output. There are instances when we need to describe situations in which
a rule or relationship changes as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In
this case, we need to apply the piecewise function.

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to

define the output. Each formula has its own domain, and the domain of the
function is the union of all these smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:

Look at these examples!

A. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged
₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.

Answer: For sending messages of not exceeding 200

t ( m )=
{ 250 if 0< m≤ 200
250+ ( m−200 ) if m>200 In case the messages sent were more than 200

B. A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more
than 5 pieces they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a

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 piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of chocolate
bars bought.

Answer: For 5 or less number of chocolate bars bought.

{
C ( n )= 50 nif 0≤ n ≤ 5
48 nif n>5 In case more than 5 chocolate bars bought.

C. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per
head for 50 persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and
₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent the total cost as a piecewise
function of the number of attendees to the party.

Answer: cost for a service to at least 50 persons

{
250 nif 0≤ n ≤ 51
t ( n )= 200 nif 51≤ n ≤100 cost for a service to 51 to 100 persons
150 n if n> 100 cost for a service to more than 100 persons

II. Learning Competency with Code

Represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise function.
(M11GM-Ia-1)

III. Instructions
This is a self-learning material. Hence, answers key for all exercises herein are
included. However, you must answer the activities first before you check up on the
answers key whether you got your answers right or wrong. If you got it right, you
may proceed answering the assessment. However, if you got a mistake, you must
revisit the areas where you got the mistake and try to check and realize where and
why you got it wrong. Do not write anything on the Learning Activity Sheets. Use
another sheet of paper for your solution to the exercises (Independent Practice and
Independent Assessment). Meanwhile, use the attached ANSWER SHEET for your
answers to the reflection and the assessment.

IV. Exercises
Independent Practice
1. A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary
S as a function of the number n of days that the person works.

Answer:
S(n) = _________ (Hint: Think of the operation needed in order to obtain the total
salary?)
2. Xandria rides through a jeepney which charges ₱ 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers
and additional ₱0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F) as
function of the number of kilometers (d) that Xandria pays for the ride.

Answer:
F(d) = __________ (Hint: Aside from the usual fare charge, don’t forget to include in
the equation the additional fare charge for the exceeding distance)

Independent Assessment

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1. A computer shop charges ₱15.00 in every hour of computer rental. Represent
your computer rental fee (R) using the function R(t) where t is the number of hours
you spent on the computer.

2. A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional
kilometer adds ₱8.00 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the tricycle
fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

V. Reflections
Why do you think we need to represent real-life situation using functions? What is
its importance and how is it relevant to our daily life?

References for Learners

Queaño, Rey Mark R. 2020. General Mathematics Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter
1 – Module 1: Functions First Edition, 2020. Rizal: Department of Education.

Key to Corrections

Prepared by:

BENJIE P. POGOY
Name of Writer

Evaluated by:

NANCY C. ARPON PATRICIO L. NERI DENNIS P. DAGAMI

SHS Coordinator Head, Academic Department School Head/Principal II

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 ASSESSMENT

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the
ANSWER SHEET.

1. Which of the following is not true about function?

a. Function is composed of two quantities where one depends on the other.
b. One-to-one correspondence is a function.
c. Many-to-one correspondence is a function.
d. One-to-many correspondence is a function.

2. In a relation, what do you call the y values or the output?

a. Piecewise c. Domain
b. Range d. Independent

3. Which of the following tables is NOT a representation of functions?

4. In this table, what is the domain of the function?

a. D: {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
b. D: {a, b, c, d, e}
c. D: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
d. y = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a, b, c, d}

5. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?

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 a. x = {(-1,2), (-3,4), (-1,7), (5,1)}
b. g = {(-3,2), (3,1), (-3,2), (5,7)}
c. h = {(6,1), (-2,3), (2, 6), (7, 2)}`
d. y = {(2,3), (3,2), (-2,3), (3, -2)}
6. Which of the following relations is/are function/s?
a. the rule which assigns to each person the name of his brother
b. the rule which assigns the name of teachers you have
c. the rule which assigns a pen and the color of its ink
d. the rule which assigns each person a surname
7. A person can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the
following expresses the total words W as a function of the number n of hours that
the person can encode?
a. 𝑊(𝑛)=1000+𝑛
1000 c. 𝑊(𝑛)=1000𝑛
b. W ( n)= d. 𝑊(𝑛)=1000−𝑛
n
8. Judy is earning ₱300.00 per day for cleaning the house of Mrs. Perez and
additional ₱25.00 for an hour of taking care Mrs. Perez’s child. Express the total
salary (S) of Judy including the time (h) spent for taking care the child.
a. 𝑆(ℎ)=300+25ℎ c. 𝑆(ℎ)=300(25ℎ)
b. 𝑆(ℎ)=300−25ℎ 300
d. S(h)=
25 h
9. Which of the following functions define the volume of a cube?
a. 𝑉=3𝑠, where s is the length of the edge
b. 𝑉=𝑠3, where s is the length of the edge
c. 𝑉=2𝑠3, where s is the length of the edge
d. 𝑉=𝑠3, where s is the length of the edge

10. Eighty meters of fencing is available to enclose the rectangular garden of Mang
Gustin. Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in terms
of x.
a. 𝐴(𝑥)=40𝑥−𝑥2 c. 𝐴(𝑥)=40𝑥2−𝑥
b. 𝐴(𝑥)=80𝑥−𝑥2 d. 𝐴(𝑥)=80𝑥2−𝑥

For number 11 - 12 use the problem below.

A user is charged ₱400.00 monthly for a Sun and Text mobile plan which include
500 free texts messages. Messages in excess of 500 is charged ₱1.00 each.
Represent a monthly cost

11.
a . s (t)={400 ,if 0 <t ≤ 500
b . s (t)={400 ,if 0< t ≥ 500
c . s (t)={400 , if 0<t <500
d . s (t)={400 , if 0>t >500

12.
a . s ( t ) =400+(t−500), if t >500
b . s (t)=400+(t−500), if t ≤ 500
c . s (t)=400+2 t , if t ≥ 500

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 d . s (t)=400+2 t , ift ≤500

For number 13 - 15 use the problem below.

Cotta National High School GPTA officers want to give t-shirts to all the students
for the foundation day. They found a supplier that sells t-shirt for ₱200.00 per
piece but can charge to ₱18,000.00 for a bulk order of 100 shirts and ₱175.00 for
each excess t-shirt after that. Use a piecewise function to express the cost in terms
of the number of t-shirt purchase

13.
a . t (s)={200 s ,if 0< s ≤100
b . t (s)={200 s ,if 0 ≥ s ≤ 99
c .t ( s)={200 s , if 0> s ≤ 100
d . t(s)={200 s , if 0< s ≤ 99

14.
a . t (s)={18,000 , if s ≥100
b . t (s)={18,000 , if s >100
c .t ( s)={18,000 ,if s=100
d . t(s)={18,000 ,if s<100

15.
a . t (s)={18,000+175(s−100), if s>100
b . t (s)={18,000+175(s−100), if s ≥ 100
c .t (s)={18,000+ 175 s , if s>100
d . t(s)={18,000+175 s , if s ≤ 100

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 ANSWER SHEET
Q1-1

Name of Learner: ____________________________________________________________

Grade Level & Section: __________________________ Contact: ____________________
Date Released: September 20, 2021 Date to be Returned: October 4, 2021

Instructions
Use this sheet to write your answers on for the reflection and assessment only. For
all self-learning activities with answers key, use a scratch paper and you will be the
one to check your work. Meanwhile, for the reflection and assessment, it is the
teacher who will check your work since there is no answers key for that set of
questions. It is the teacher’s basis to see how well you understood the lesson.

A. Reflection
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B. Assessment
1. 10.
2. 11.
3. 12.
4. 13.
5. 14.
6. 15.
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