MATH 9 QUARTER 1: Weeks 2-3

Competency:
The learner characterizes the roots of a quadratic equation using the discriminant (M9AL-lc-1) ;
describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation (M9AL-lc-2); and
solves equations transformable to quadratic equations (including rational algebraic equations) (M9AL-lc-d-1)

Expectations:
This module is designed to help you characterize the roots of a quadratic equation using the
discriminant, describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation, and
solve equations transformable to quadratic equations.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the nature of the roots of the quadratic equations using its discriminant;
2. find the sum and the product of the roots of the given quadratic equations;
3. determine the quadratic equations given its sum and product;
4. write the quadratic equation given the roots; and
5. solve equations transformable into quadratic.

Pre-test:
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the value of the discriminant whose roots are real, rational, and equal?
A. imaginary B. negative C. positive D. zero
2. Which of the following quadratic equations has no real roots?
A. 2x2 + 4x – 3 = 0 B. 3x2 – 2x + 5 = 0 C. x2 – 8x – 4 = 0 D. –2x2 + x + 7 = 0
3. If the sum of the roots of the equation x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 is added to the product of its roots, then the result is

A. –3 B. –2 C. 5 D. 8
1 7
4. Find the equation whose roots are and – .
3 2

A. 3x2 + 8x + 7 = 0 B. x2 + 3x + 6 = 0 C. 6x2 + 19x – 7 = 0 D. 7x2 - 18x + 6 = 0

1 4x
5. Find the roots of 3x + 6
= 1.

1 1 1
A. 2 and 1 B. − 2 and –1 C. 3 and –6 D. 3 and 6

“Great, you’ve finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to
check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!”

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 1 | 10

 Looking Back to your Lesson
In the previous module, you have learned the definition of a quadratic equation and the different
methods on how to solve the roots. A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of
degree 2 that can be written in the standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a is
not equal to zero.
You can solve for the roots of any quadratic equations by extracting square roots, by factoring, by
2
-b ± √b - 4ac
completing the square, or by using the quadratic formula x = 2a
.

Introduction of the Lesson

Lesson 1: The Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equations
The use of quadratic formula in solving is the method which is applicable to any quadratic equation. In
-b ± √b2 - 4ac
the quadratic formula x = , the expression inside the radical symbol is called the discriminant.
2a

Hence, the expression b2 – 4ac is called the discriminant which determines the nature of roots of a quadratic
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,
(1) if b2 – 4ac = 0, then the roots are real, rational, equal;
(2) if b2 – 4ac > 0 and a perfect square, then the roots are real, rational, unequal;
if b2 – 4ac > 0, but not perfect square, then the roots are real, irrational, unequal; and
(3) if b2 – 4ac < 0, then the equation has no real roots

Quadratic
Discriminant Nature of Roots
Equation
a = 1, b = 12, c = 36
Since b2 – 4ac = 0,therefore
b2–4ac = (12)2 – 4(1)( 36) roots are real, rational and
x2 + 12x + 36 = 0
= 144 - 144 equal
=0
a = 1, b = -3, c = -18
Since b2 – 4ac > 0 and a
x – 3x – 18 = 0
2
b2–4ac = (–3)2 – 4(1)( –18) perfect square, therefore
= 9 + 72 roots are real, rational, and
= 81 unequal

a = 1, b = 0, c = -7
Since b2 – 4ac > 0 but not a
b2–4ac = (0)2 – 4(1)( -7) perfect square, therefore
x2 - 7 = 0
= 0 + 28 roots are real, irrational, and
= 28 unequal

a = 1, b = 4, c = 5

x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 b2 – 4ac = (4)2 – 4(1)(5) Since b2 – 4ac < 0 therefore it

= 16 - 20 has no real roots
=–4

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 2 | 10

Activity 1. In each quadratic equation below, determine the discriminant (D) and state the nature of its roots.
Quadratic Nature of Quadratic Nature of
D D
Equation Roots Equation Roots

1. x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 6. 7x2 + 9x + 2 = 0

2. x2 – 20x +100 = 0 7. 6x2 – 13x + 4 = 0

3. 4x2 – 3x – 1 = 0 8. 25x2 – 10x + 1 =0

4. x2 + 3 = 0 9. x2 + 12x + 42 = 0

5. x2 – 225 = 0 10. x2 – 12x + 36 = 0

Lesson 2: The Sum and the Product of Roots of Quadratic Equations

The formula for the sum and for the product of roots can be derived by using the quadratic formula. By
2 2
–b + √b – 4ac –b – √b – 4ac
the quadratic formula, the two roots are represented as x1 = and x2 = 2a
.
2a

Let x1 and x2 be the roots of the quadratic equation.

SUM OF ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION
2 2 2 2
–b + √b – 4ac –b – √b – 4ac –b + √b – 4ac –b – √b – 4ac
x1 + x2 = + x1 • x2 = ( ) ( )
2a 2a 2a 2a
Add the numerators and copy the common Note that the numerators form a product of sum
denominator, then simplify. and difference of two terms which should lead to
(-b + √b2 - 4ac)+(-b - √b2 - 4ac) a difference of two squares.
x1 + x2 = b2 - (b2 - 4ac)
2a
-2b x1 • x2 = ( )
x1 + x2 = 4a2
2a 4ac
-b x1 • x2 =
x1 + x2 = 4a2
a c
x1 • x2 = a

b
Therefore, in the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the sum of the roots is – a and the product of the
c
roots is a.

Examples:
SOLUTION CHECKING
1. Find the sum and the Given: Sum of Roots: Product of Roots: Roots:
product of the roots of the -b c
a=1 x1 + x2 = x1 • x2 = a x = 3 or
quadratic equation a

b = –8 15 x=5
x2 – 8x + 15 = 0. x1 + x2 =
-(-8)
x1 • x2 =
1 1
c = 15 3+5=8
x1 + x2 = 8 x1 • x2 = 15
(3)(5) = 15
2. Find the sum and the Given: Sum of Roots: Product of Roots: Roots:
product of the roots of the 2
-b c x = 3 or
a=9 x1 + x2 = x1 • x2 = a
quadratic equation a
1
b = -9 2
x=
9x – 9x + 2 = 0.
2 -(-9) 3
x1 + x2 = x1 • x2 = 9
9 2 1
c=2 3
+3= 1
x1 + x2 = 1 2 1 2
3
•3=9

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 3 | 10

 3. Find the sum and the Given: Sum of Roots: Product of Roots: Roots:
product of the roots of the -b c
a=3 x1 + x2 = x1 • x2 = a x = 5 or
quadratic equation a

b = 21 x = -12
3x2 + 21x – 180 = 0. x1 + x2 =
-21
x1 • x2 =
-180
3 3
c = -180 5 + (-12)= -7
x1 + x2 = -7 x1 • x2 = -60
5(-12) = -60

If the sum and the product of roots are given then you can determine the quadratic equation. Consider
the following:
ax2 + bx + c = 0
ax2 + bx + c 0
=
a a
b c
x2 + x + = 0
a a
-b c
x2 - ( a ) x + a
=0

Using the sum and the product of roots, you can write the quadratic equation as:

x2 - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0 or x2 - (x1+x2 )x + (x1 •x2 ) = 0.

Examples:
SOLUTION
1.Find the quadratic equation whose roots Given: Quadratic Equation:
have a sum of 8 and a product of 15.
x1 + x2 = 8 x2 - (x1 +x2 )x + (x1 • x2 ) = 0

x1 • x2 = 15 x2 – 8x + 15 = 0

2. Find the quadratic equation whose Given: Quadratic Equation:

roots have a sum of 14 and a product of
x1 + x2 = 14 x2 -(x1 +x2 )x + (x1 • x2 )=0
45.
x1 • x2 = 45 x2 – 14x + 45 = 0

3. Find the quadratic equation whose Given: Quadratic Equation:

2
roots have a sum of 1 and a product of . x1 + x2 = 1 x2 - (x1 +x2 )x + (x1 • x2 ) = 0
9

2 2
x1 • x2 = 9 x2 – x + 9 = 0

2
(9)( x2 – x + 9) = (9)(0)

9x2 – 9x + 2 = 0

Also, quadratic equation can be derived given its roots by simply getting its sum and product and

proceed to x2 - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0 or x2 - (x1 +x2)x + (x1 •x2 ) = 0. (see illustrative

examples below)

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 4 | 10

 Examples:

SOLUTION
1. Find the quadratic equation Given: Sum of roots: Quadratic Equation:
whose roots are 3 and 5.
x1 = 3 x1 + x2 = (3)+(5) = 8 x2 -(x1 +x2 )x + (x1•x2 ) = 0

x2 = 5 Product of Roots: x2 – (8)x + (15) = 0

x1 • x2 = (3)(5) = 15 x2 – 8x + 15 = 0

2. Find the quadratic equation Given: Sum of roots: Quadratic Equation:

whose roots are −6 and 4.
x1 = −6 x1 + x2 = (−6)+(4) x2 - (x1 +x2 )x + (x1 •x2 ) = 0

x2 = 4 = −2 x2 – (−2)x + ( −24)= 0

Product of Roots: x2 + 2x – 24 = 0

x1 • x2 = (−6)(4)

= −24

3. Find the quadratic equation Given: Sum of roots: Quadratic Equation:

whose roots are −7 and − 9.
x1 = −7 x1 + x2 = (−7)+(−9) x2 - (x1 +x2 )x +(x1 • x2 )=0

x2 = –9 = −16 x2 – (−16)x + (63) = 0

Product of Roots: x2 + 1 6x + 63 = 0

x1 • x2 = (−7)(−9)

= 63

Activity 2.1. Use the coefficients of each of the following quadratic equations in determining the sum and the
product of its roots.
Quadratic Quadratic
Sum Product Sum Product
Equation Equation

1. x2+ 6x – 16 = 0 4. 5x2 – x = 0

2. x2 +8x – 48 = 0 5. 3x2 –9x– 30 =0

3. x2+15x+54=0 6. 2x2 +7x – 4 = 0

Activity 2.2. Write the quadratic equation with integral coefficients given the sum and the product of its roots.
Quadratic Quadratic
x1 + x2 x1 • x2 x1 + x2 x1 • x2
Equation Equation
1. 7 10 4. -5 -6

2. 1 -30 5. -7 -8

5
3. 11 28 6. - -6
2

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 5 | 10

Activity 2.3. Write the quadratic equation with integral coefficients given its roots.
Quadratic Quadratic
x1 x2 x1 x2
Equation Equation
1. 2 5 4. 10 -8
3
2. -3 -7 5. -1
4
5 1
3. -6 2 6.
2 2

Lesson 3: Solving Equations Transformable to Quadratic Equations

Quadratic equations, sometimes, are written in disguise. There are quadratic equations which are not
written in standard form. There are also rational algebraic equations which are transformable to quadratic
equations. These expressions can be transformed into standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0 and can be solved by
extracting square root, by factoring, by completing the square, or by using the quadratic formula.
Examples:
1. Solve: x (x – 25) = – 150 Given
x (x – 25) = – 150. x2 – 25x = –150 Simplify
x2 – 25x + 150 = 0 Write in standard form
(x – 10) (x – 15) = 0 Solve by factoring
x – 10 = 0 x – 15 = 0 Equate each factor to zero
x = 10 x = 15
For x = 10: For x = 15 Check your answer
x(x – 25) = –150 x(x – 25) = –150
10(10-25)= -150 15(15-25)= -150
10(-15) = -150 15(-10) = -150
-150 = -150 -150 = -150
2. Solve: (x + 2)2 + (x – 3)2 = 17 Given
(x + 2)2+(x – 3)2 = 17 (x2+4x+4) + (x2–6x+9)= 17 Simplify
2x2 – 2x + 13 = 17 Write in standard form
2x – 2x + 13 – 17 = 0
2

2x2 – 2x – 4 = 0
x2 – x – 2 = 0
(x – 2) (x + 1) = 0 Solve by factoring
x–2=0 x+1=0 Equate each factor to zero
x=2 x = -1
For x = 2: For x = -1: Check your answer
(x + 2)2 + (x – 3)2 = 17 (-1 + 2)2+(-1 – 3)2= 17
(2+2)2 + (2-3)2 = 17 (1)2 + (-4)2 = 17
16 + 1 = 17 1 + 16 = 17
17 = 17 17 = 17

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 6 | 10

 3. Solve: 2x 3 Given
=
2x 3 x+4 x-1 Multiply both hand-sides of the
= 2x 3
x+4 x-1 (x+4)(x-1) ( ) =(x+4)(x-1) ( ) equation by the LCD (least
x+4 x-1
common denominator).
2x (x – 1) = 3 (x + 4)
Simplify and write in standard
2x2 – 2x = 3x + 12
form.
2x2 – 2x – 3x – 12 = 0
2x2 – 5x – 12 = 0
Solve by factoring
(x – 4) (2x + 3) = 0 Equate each factor to zero

x–4=0 2x + 3 = 0
3
x=4 x = -2

For x = 4: 3 Check your answer

For x = - 2
2x 3
= 2x 3
x+4 x-1 =
x+4 x-1
2(4) 3
= 3
4+4 4-1 2 (- ) 3
2
=
8 3 3 3
= - +4 - -1
8 3 2 2
1=1 -3 3
=
5 5
-
2 2
-1 = -1

Activity 3. Solve for the roots of the following equations transformable to quadratic. Write your solution in your

notebook.

1. 2x (x + 9) = x (x – 2) 2 1
3. + =1
x+1 x-1

2. (2x + 3)2 + (x + 4)2 = 10 5 x

4. =
3x-8 x+2

Remember

Nature of In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

Roots of (1) if the discriminant is 0, then the roots are real, rational, equal;
Quadratic (2) if the discriminant is greater than 0 and is a perfect square, then the
Equations roots are real, rational, unequal;
(3) if the discriminant is greater than 0, but not perfect square, then
the roots are real, irrational, unequal; and
(4) if the discriminant is less than 0, then the equation has no real
roots.

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 7 | 10

 b
The Sum and In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, the sum of the roots is – a and
the Product of the product of the roots is a.
c

Roots of
Using the sum and the product of roots, you can write the quadratic
Quadratic
Equations equation as x2 - (sum of roots)x + (product of roots) = 0 or
x2 -(x1 +x2)x + (x1 • x2 ) = 0.
You can also find the quadratic equation given its roots by getting its sum
and product and plugging-in to the formula above.

Solving Some quadratic equations appear in factored form.

Equations Other rational algebraic equations are quadratic equations. Just multiply
Transformable both hand-sides of the equation by the least common denominator, write
to Quadratic in standard form, then solve appropriately.
Equations You can solve quadratic equations by extracting square roots, by
factoring, by completing the square, or by using the quadratic formula. Do
not forget to substitute the obtained roots to the given equations for
checking.

Check Your Understanding

A. Find the discriminant and determine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations.
1. 2x2 + 6x + 4 = 0 2. 9x2 – 6x + 9 = 0
3. x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 4. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
B. Use the values of a, b, and c of each of the following quadratic equations in determining the sum and the
product of its roots.
1. x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 2. 4x2 + 8x + 3 = 0
3. 4x2 – 25x + 6 = 0 4. x2 – 6x – 135 = 0
C. Write the quadratic equation with integral coefficients whose sum and product of roots are given.
1. sum: 2, product: -8 2. sum: -3, product: -7
3. sum: 5, product: -84 10
4. sum: 3
, product: 1

D. Solve for the roots the following.

1. (x + 7)2 = 1 2. (x – 2)2 + (x + 3)2 = 25
2 4
3. + =1
x-1 x+5

Reflection

Answer the following in your notebook.

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 8 | 10

 Post-test
Directions: Find out how much you have learned about this module. Encircle the letter that corresponds to
your answer.
1. Which of the following quadratic equations has no real roots?
A. x2 – 8x – 4 = 0 B. 2x2 + 4x – 3 = 0 C. –2x2 + x + 7 = 0 D. 3x2 – 2x + 5 = 0
2. What is the value of the discriminant that results in a real, rational and equal solution?
A. zero B. negative C. positive D. imaginary
3. If the sum of the roots of the equation x2 – 5x + 3 = 0 is added to the product of its roots, then the result is
A. 8 B. 5 C. -3 D. -5
1 4x
4. Find the roots of + =1.
3x 6
1 1 1
A. − 2 and –1 B. 2 and 1 C. 3 and –6 D. 3 and 6
1 7
5. Find the equation whose roots are and – .
3 2

A. 7x2 - 18x + 6 = 0 B. x2 + 3x + 6 = 0 C. 3x2 + 8x + 7 = 0 D. 6x2 + 19x – 7 = 0

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 9 | 10

 MATHEMATICS 9
Quarter 1 Weeks 2-3
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 2-3 P a g e 10 | 10