What are final methods of Object class ?

Ans -> wait notify and notifyAll method

What are the disadvantages of Hibernate ?

1. Hibernate generates lot of SQL statements in runtime based on our mapping , so

it is bit slower than JDBC.

If we use JDBC, then we directly write our queries, so no extra effort is

required.

2. Poor performance in Batch processing:

It advisable to use pure JDBC for batch processing as Hibernate performance
is not good in Batch processing.

3. Not good for small project

Small project will have less number of tables , introducing entire Hibernate
framework will be overhead than useful.

4. Lots of API to learn: A lot of effort is required to learn Hibernate. So, not
very easy to learn hibernate easily

What will be the exception will occur if we add object of Dog in List<Animal>?

No Issue it will work fine

What is difference between Synchronized Hashmap and ConcurrentHashMap?

Synchronized HashMap：

1. Each method is synchronized using an object level lock. So the get and put methods on
synchMap acquire a lock.
2. Locking the entire collection is a performance overhead. While one thread holds on to the
lock, no other thread can use the collection.
ConcurrentHashMap was introduced in JDK 5.

1. There is no locking at the object level, The locking is at a much finer granularity. For
a ConcurrentHashMap, the locks may be at a hashmap bucket level.
2. The effect of lower level locking is that you can have concurrent readers and writers which is
not possible for synchronized collections. This leads to much more scalability.
3. ConcurrentHashMap does not throw a ConcurrentModificationException if one
thread tries to modify it while another is iterating over it.
 If we have configured Second level cache and data is changed from Database ? what output
will be returned on calling get or load method?

What is Inverse keyword/Annotation In Hibernate?

The “inverse” keyword is always declare in one-to-many and many-to-

many relationship (many-to-one doesn’t has inverse keyword), it means which side is
responsible to take care of the relationship.

What is difference between @JoinColumn and @MappedBy?

How different annotation of Spring interact to each other?

Can We write any other annotation instead of @Contoller?

What are different view resolver?

Below are the important viewresolvers provided by spring framework:

1. AbstractCachingViewResolver : Abstract view resolver that caches views. Often

views need preparation before they can be used; extending this view resolver
provides caching.
2. XmlViewResolver : Implementation of ViewResolver that accepts a configuration file
written in XML with the same DTD as Spring’s XML bean factories. The default
configuration file is /WEB-INF/views.xml.
3. ResourceBundleViewResolver : Implementation of ViewResolver that uses bean
definitions in a ResourceBundle, specified by the bundle base name. Typically you
define the bundle in a properties file, located in the classpath. The default file name
is views.properties.
4. UrlBasedViewResolver : Simple implementation of the ViewResolver interface that
effects the direct resolution of logical view names to URLs, without an explicit
mapping definition. This is appropriate if your logical names match the names of
your view resources in a straightforward manner, without the need for arbitrary
mappings.
5. InternalResourceViewResolver : Convenient subclass of UrlBasedViewResolver that
supports InternalResourceView (in effect, Servlets and JSPs) and subclasses such
as JstlView and TilesView. You can specify the view class for all views generated by
this resolver by using setViewClass(..).
6. VelocityViewResolver/FreeMarkerViewResolver : Convenient subclass of
UrlBasedViewResolver that supports VelocityView (in effect, Velocity templates) or
FreeMarkerView ,respectively, and custom subclasses of them.
7. ContentNegotiatingViewResolver : Implementation of the ViewResolver interface that
resolves a view based on the request file name or Accept header.
What are the different Bean Scope of Spring?

1) singleton: Returns a single bean instance per Spring IoC container.

2) prototype: Returns a new bean instance each time when requested.

3) request: Returns a single instance for every HTTP request call.

4) session: Returns a single instance for every HTTP session.

5) global session: global session scope is equal as session scope on portlet-based web
applications.

If no bean scope is specified in bean configuration file, then it will be by default

'singleton'.

What is dependency injection?

 Spring helps in the creation of loosely coupled applications because of Dependency

Injection.
 In Spring, objects define their associations (dependencies) and do not worry about how they
will get those dependencies. It is the responsibility of Spring to provide the required
dependencies for creating objects.
For example: Suppose we have an object Employee and it has a dependency on
object Address. We would define a bean corresponding to Employee that will define its
dependency on object Address.
When Spring tries to create an Employee object, it will see that Employee has a
dependency on Address, so it will first create the Address object (dependent object)
and then inject it into the Employee object.
 Inversion of Control (IOC) and Dependency Injection (DI) are used interchangeably. IOC is
achieved through DI. DI is the process of providing the dependencies and IOC is the end
result of DI. (Note: DI is not the only way to achieve IOC. There are other ways as well.)
 By DI, the responsibility of creating objects is shifted from our application code to the Spring
container; this phenomenon is called IOC.
 Dependency Injection can be done by setter injection or constructor injection.

What happens internally in case of using @Autowire annotation?

automatically based on the name it will identify the bean and inject based on its type .
Autoeiring is the way of DI .A creaed bean wiil be autowired at field level,method level and
constructor level but the best way of autowiring is Constructor autowirin because at the time of
object initialization object is autowired.

What is wildcard?

Can we use any other keyword instead of extends in case of WildCard?

What is the use of Ribbon and Zuul Proxy ? How Hystrix comes in picture?

How you secure your Rest Webservice in your application?

Can We throw Error object using Throws Clause in catch block?

You can throw any type of Throwable object using the keyword throw . It interrupts the
method. Anything after the throw statement would not be executed, unless the thrown
exception is handled. The exception object is not returnedfrom the method, it is thrown
from the method.

What is difference between war and jar and ear?

Jar : Java archive file : It contains a group of .class file

War : Web archive file : It represents a web application and in a single war file it contains all the
html, css , js ,xml, jsp, servlet etc all the web component required for a web application. If we
maintain a war file project delivery, deployment and transportation will become easy.

EAR: Enterprise archive file : It represents enterprise application. In web application we can use
only web related technology like Servlet and Jsp but in enterprise application anything related
to java j2ee ,we can use like ejb Jms etc

What is default logging mechanism of Spring boot?

Logback mechanism

How we change the server in Spring Boot?

For changing the embedded server, we will user its spring-boot-starter-undertow.

Adding Dependencies
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring-boot-starter-web comes with Embedded Tomcat. We need to exclude this
dependency.
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

What is difference between Callable and Runnable?

What is difference between KeySet and Hashset?

What are Rest API? What are different methods of Restful Api?

What is difference between Put and POST?

When Singleton Design Pattern fails?

What is double locking mechanism?

What is the use of intern() method?

What is Connection pooling? Which API do you use for connection pooling in your application
and How?

What is difference between @ Bean and @Component and @Service?

What is Transaction management in JPA or Spring?

Different annotations in Spring and its explanation?

What is the way to call default and static method call in Java 8?
What is difference between @ Component and @ Service?

What is difference between Synchronized Hashmap and ConcurrentHashMap?

Which protocol do you use in your project?

New features of Java 8?

What is lambda expression?

What is default and static implementation in interface?

Why we have this static interface ? it could be also possible in any class?

If we are implementing default method in our class. Which method will be called our
implemented method or default method implementation in Interface?

Interface A{

Default test(){}

} Class B implents A{

Test(){

Now Q.1 -> Can we implement test method?

Q.2 -> If we call test() method which method will be called?

Interface A {

Default test(){ }

Interface B{

Default test(){ }

Class C implements A, B{
We are calling c.test(); /// What it will give CTE/Exception?

What are different ways of locking in Java when we use synchronization?

Q-> There is a table called Employee. I have employee object I want to ensure that at any given
point of time at a time one request for one employee should be updated. So suppose for the
same employee I have three threads. I want to ensure for single request should be updated on
sequential manner and for multiple request employee should be updated on parallel manner.
How you will design the system?

To update a single employee object it should work sequential and for multiple employee that
should go parallel. what level locking should we used? and how you will manage?

What is wait and notify method?

How long this thread will wait on calling wait () method? Is there any time limit?

What is difference between notify and notifyAll?

Which thread will get chance to continue its execution on after calling t1.notify() if t2, t3, and
t4 are in waiting state?

Can we predict that which thread will get access next?

What is volatile keyword in java?

What are different type of Collection in Java?

How you decide which collection is used?

LinkedList vs ArrayList?

What is the complexity of each collection?

When we use Vector?

How will you implement your own List?

What is Map?

What is difference between HashMap and HashTable?

If I have multithreaded system which map should we use for taking care of Performance and
Security both?
How Hashmap internally works?

If I want to use my custom class object as key ? what are the guidelines we have to follow?

How the collections are able to sort these element?

I have a collection of employee/We want to sort it. How it will be sorted. If I don’t define
anything basis will it give nay error?

I have an array of size 10. I have two stack object s1 and s2. I am performing pop, push
operation on both object but the element should be stored in one array only?

I want to build an approval management system. Where Request comes to Manager if manager
rejects it. it revert back to requester. If Manager approves request goes to Senior Manger. If
senior manager approves then it goes to higher level. I Want to design a system. How will you
design it.ie what will be the classes and how the all will be related?

In the above case if you are creating the same methods in all level of class. Then why are you
creating these methods at different level.

What are types of Joining.

What is subquery?

For extracting data which one is better approch .using subquery or using Joining?

What are aggregate function ?

Write a query to fetch sum of salary department wise?

If we want to fetch the second highest paid department.

How we create Immutable?

In two phase locking we use synchronized at class level locking or object level locking?

How we make the class so that no one can clone my singleton object?

Which class will have the clone method?

Clone method is in object class or not?

If we don’t override equals method what will be the issue?

Have you used Criteria query?

If we have any AND OR condition .how we use Criteria?

What is Restrictions in Hibernate?

In which case we don’t use Hibernate?

Types of Autowiring?

Beanfactory vs ApplicationContext?

Union vs UnionAll?

Query 1  1 2 3

Query 2 -> 1 2 3 4

On using Union and UnionAll what will be the output?

Triggers?

Difference between @Mock @InjectMock?

Anything you have implemented in your project recently? // Hystrix or Swagger

What is synchronization?

What is deadlock? How we prevent the lock in this case?

What are new features with Java 7?

Executor ,Callable, Future?

What is the use of yield and join method?

What is monitor in thread?

Can you brief ur current project you are working for and the challenges you have?

How you get the request from downstream application?

How your downstream application sends the request picked by you? Like SELA picks that
request one by one or any multithreading involved to process?

How you connect your upstream application either its sequential or parallel processing?
Is result coming from one upstream application dependent on others?

What happens if you are sending the request to upstream or sending the response to down
stream and it is taking a longer time .then how do you handle it? Do you just truncate or is
there any timeout? Or you wait to return response from all the services, means how do you
handle it?

If you a controller ABC and you are calling different services s1, s2, s3, s4.This service call is any
API driven or Rest call? --- its a rest API call

If 4 different request has been sent to s1, s2 s3 and s4 so s1, s2 s3 has returned the response
and suppose s4 service is slow or hang so your request is stuck. i.e no any negative response
nor any exception? What is your approach to handle this? // Hystrix

If any exception occurs then Hystrix but if it is taking too long time due to stickness of any
reason ?

then what is your approach?

What are the different ways to iterate a HashMap?

If you're only interested in the keys, you can iterate through the keySet() of the map:
Map<String, Object> map = ...;

for (String key : map.keySet()) {

// ...
}

If you only need the values, use values():

for (Object value : map.values()) {

// ...
}

Finally, if you want both the key and value, use entrySet():

for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {

String key = entry.getKey();
Object value = entry.getValue();
// ...
}

What Is Entry Interface implementation?

Problem statement :

Questions:

1. You have a Java web server in production that got stuck: stopped writing logs and
doesn’t answer to http requests. How would you investigate?
2. Logs say OutOfMemoryError - how would you investigate?
3. Customer clicks on a button and gets NullPointerException, but same case works
correctly in development environment. There are no log statements in code that help
analyse the problem. How would you investigate and what step would you take to ease
debugging such problems in future?
4. You are investigating an issue and written a JUnit test - it fails as expected. So you start
debugger and step over several times, but the issue is not reproduced. Why can this
happen?
5. Your production Java web server typically handles http request in <50ms, but now you
see times raised to about 1 second. How would you investigate?
6. You have multithreaded app which looks properly synchronized, but sometimes it seems
that when particular field is read it returns old value. You suspect some synchronization
issue, how would you investigate?