Assignments in Mathematics Class X (Term I)

14. STATISTICS
ImPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS
l The mean x  of n values x1, x2, x3, ...... xn is given by
x1 + x2 + x3 + .... + xn
x=
n
l Mean of grouped data (without class-intervals)
(i) Direct Method : If the frequencies of n observations x1, x2, x3, ..... xn be f1, f2, f3, ..... fn respectively, then the
mean x is given by
x1 f1 + x2 f 2 + x3 f3 + ........... + xn f n Σfi xi
x = =
f1 + f 2 + f3 + ........... + f n Σf i

N
(ii) Deviation Method or Assumed Mean Method

A
Σfi ( xi − a ) Σf d
=a+ i i ,

SH
In this case, the mean x is given by x = a +

Σf i Σf i
Where, a = assumed mean,   Σfi = total frequency,   di = xi – a

A
Σfi(xi – a) = sum of the products of deviations and corresponding frequencies.

K
Mean of grouped data (with class-intervals)

A
l

In this case the class marks are treated as xi. PR

Lower class limit + Upper class limit
Class mark =
2 .
S
ER

(i) Direct Method

If the frequencies corresponding to the class marks x1, x2, x3, ........ xn be f1, f2, f3 , ........ fn respectively, then
f1 x1 + f 2 x2 + f3 x3 + ...... + f n xn Σfi xi
TH

mean x is given by x = =
f1 + f 2 + f3 + ...... + f n Σf i
O

(ii) Deviation or Assumed Mean Method

R

Σfi di
In this case the mean x is given by x = a + ,
B

Σf i

Where, a = assumed mean,  Σfi = total frequency and di = xi – a
L
YA

(iii) Step Deviation Method

In this case we use the following formula.
O

 x − a
Σf i  i
 h   Σf u 
G

x =a+ × h = a + h i i  ,
Σf i  Σf i 

Where, a = assumed mean,  Σfi = total frequency,  h = class-size
x −a
and ui = i
h
l M
ode is that value among the observations which occurs most often i.e., the value of the observation hav-
ing the maximum frequency.
l If in a data more than one value have the same maximum frequency, then the data is said to be multi-

modal.
l In a grouped frequency distribution, the class which has the maximum frequency is called the modal

class.
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 l We use the following formula to find the mode of a grouped frequency distribution.
 f1 − f 0 
Mode (Mo) = l +   × h, where
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
l = lower limit of modal class, h = size of the class-interval,
f1 = frequency of the modal class, f0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class,
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.
l Median is the value of the middle most item when the data are arranged in ascending or descending order
of magnitude.
l Median of ungrouped data

(i) If the number of items n in the data is odd, then

 n + 1
Median = value of   th item.
 2 

N
(ii) If the total number of items n in the data is even, then

A
1 n n  
Median =  value of th item + value of  + 1 th item 

SH

2 2  2  
l Cumulative frequency of a particular value of the variable (or class) is the sum total of all the frequencies

A
up to that value (or the class).

K
l There are two types of cumulative frequency distributions.

A
(i) cumulative frequency distribution of less than type.
PR
(ii) cumulative frequency distribution of more than type.
l Median of grouped data with class-intervals
n n
S
In this case, we first find the half of the total frequencies, i.e., . The class in which lies is called the
2 2
ER

median class and the median lies in this class.

We use the following formula for finding the median.
n 
TH

 2 − cf 
Median (Me) = l +  f  × h,
 
O

 

R
B

Where, l = lower limit of the median class, n = number of observations,

cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class,
L

f = frequency of the median class, h = class size.

YA

l The three measures mean, mode and median are connected by the following relations.
Mode = 3 median – 2 mean
O

mode 2 mean 3 median mode

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or median = + or  mean = −

3 3   2 2
l The graphical representation of a cumulative frequency distribution is called an ogive or cumulative fre-
quency curve.
l We can draw two types of ogives for a frequency distribution. These are less than ogive and more than
ogive.
l For less than ogive, we plot the points corresponding to the ordered pairs given by (upper limit, correspond-
ing less than cumulative frequency). After joining these points by a free hand curve, we get an ogive of
less than type.
l For more than ogive, we plot the points corresponding to the ordered pairs given by (lower limit, cor-
responding more than cumulative frequency). After joining these points by a free hand curve, we get an
ogive of more than type.

2
 Ogive can be used to estimate the median of data. There are two methods to do so.
l
n
First method : Mark a point corresponding to , where n is the total frequency, on cumulative frequency
2
axis (y-axis). From this point, draw a line parallel to x-axis to cut the ogive at a point. From this point,
draw a line perpendicular to the x-axis to get another point. The abscissa of this point gives median.
Second method : Draw both the ogives (less than ogive and more than ogive) on the same graph paper
which cut each other at a point. From this point, draw a line perpendicular to the x-axis, to get another
point. The abscissa of this point gives median.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 Mark]

A. Important Questions

N
1. If 35 is the upper limit of the class-interval of class-size 10, then the lower limit of the class-interval is :

A
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) none of these

SH
2. In the assumed mean method, if A is the assumed mean, than deviation di is :
(a) xi + A (b) xi – A (c) A – xi (d) none of these

A
3. Mode is :
(a) middle most value (b) least frequent value (c) most frequent value (d) none of these

K
4. The correct formula for finding the mode of a grouped frequency distribution is :

A
 f1 − f0  PR  f1 − f 0 
(a) Mode = h +  ×l (b) Mode = f +  ×l
2 f − f − f  1
 2h − f 0 − f 2 
 1 0 2 
S
 f1 − f 0   f1 − f 0 
(c) Mode = l –  2 f − f − f  × h (d) Mode = l +  × h
ER

 1 0 2   2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 

 ∑ f i ui 
TH

5. For finding mean of a data, if we use x = a +  ∑ f  × h, then it is called :

 i 

(a) the direct method (b) the step deviation method (c) the assumed mean method (d) none of these
O

∑ fi di
R

6. In the formula x = a + , for finding the mean of a grouped data, d ’s are deviation from :
∑ fi i

B

(a) lower limits of the classes (b) upper limits of the classes
L

(c) mid-points of the classes (d) frequencies of the class-marks

YA

7. While computing mean of grouped data, we assume that the frequencies are :
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes (b) centred at the class-marks of the classes
O

(c) centred at the upper limits of the classes (d) centred at the lower limits of the classes
8. If xi’s are the mid-points of the class-intervals of a grouped data, fi’s are the corresponding frquencies and
G

x is the mean, then ∑( fi xi – x ) is equal to :

(a) 0 (b) –1 (c) 1 (d) 2
 ∑ f i ui 
  9. In the formula x = a + h   , for finding the mean of a grouped frequency distribution, ui is equal
 ∑ fi 
to :
x +a x −a a − xi
(a) i (b) h(xi – a) (c) i (d)
h h h
10. The formula for median of a grouped data is :
n 
 n − cf   2 − cf 
(a) Median = l +   ×h (b) Median = l +   ×h
 f   f 

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 n 
 2 − cf 
edian = 2l +  f
(c) M  × h (d) none of these
 
 

n 
 − cf 
11. In the formula, median = l +   × h, h is :
2
f

(a) class-mark (b) class-size (c) height (d) none of these
12. The curve drawn by taking upper limits along x-axis and cumulative frequency along y-axis is :
(a) frequency polygon (b) more than ogive (c) less than ogive (d) none of these
13. For ‘more than ogive’ the x-axis represents :
(a) upper limits of class-intervals (b) mid-values of class-intervals

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(c) lower limits of class-intervals (d) frequency
14. Ogive is the graph of :

A
(a) lower limits and frequency (b) upper limits and frequency

SH
(c) lower/upper limits and cumulative frequency (d) none of these
15. The curve ‘less than ogive’ is always :

A
(a) ascending (b) descending

K
(c) sometimes ascending and sometimes descending

A
(d) none of these
PR
B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

1. In the figure the value of the median of the data using the
S

graph of less than ogive and more than ogive is :

ER

[2010 (T-I)]
(a) 5
TH

(b) 40
(c) 80
O

(d) 15
2. If mode = 80 and mean = 110, then the median is :
R

[2010 (T-I)]
B

(a) 110
(b) 120
L

(c) 100
YA

(d) 90
3. The lower limit of the modal class of the following data is :
O

[2010 (T-I)]
G

C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50

Frequency 5 8 13 7 6
(a) 10 (b) 30 (c) 20 (d) 50
4. The mean of the following data is : 45, 35, 20, 30, 15, 25, 40 : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 35 (d) 30
5. The mean and median of a data are 14 and 15 respectively. The value of mode is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) 16 (b) 17 (c) 13 (d) 18
6. For a given data with 50 observations the ‘less than ogive’ and the ‘more then ogive’ intersect at (15.5,
20). The median of the data is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) 4.5 (b) 20 (c) 50 (d) 15.5

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 7. The empirical relationship among the Median, Mode and Mean of a data is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) mode = 3 median + 2 mean (b) mode = 3 median – 2 mean
(c) mode = 3 mean – 2 median (d) mode = 3 mean + 2 median
8. For a symmetrical distribution, which is correct? [2010 (T-I)]
(a) Mean > Mode > Median (b) Mean < Mode < Median
Mean + Median
(c) Mode = (d) Mean = Median = Mode
2
9. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency ? [2010 (T-I)]
(a) Mean (b) Median (c) Range (d) Mode
10. The class mark of a class interval is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) Lower limit + Upper limit (b) Upper limit – Lower limit
1 1
(c) (Lower limit + Upper limit) (d) (Lower limit + Upper limit)
2 4

N
11. If mode of a data is 45, mean is 27, then median is : [2010 (T-I)]

A
(a) 30 (b) 27 (c) 23 (d) None of these
12. For the following distribution : [2010 (T-I)]

SH
Marks Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60

A
No. of students 3 12 27 57 75 80

K
A
The modal class is :
(a) 10–20 (b) 20–30 (c) 30–40
PR (d) 50–60
13. For a given data with 60 observations the ‘less than ogive’ and ‘more than ogive’ intersect at (66.5,  30).
The median of the data is : [2010 (T-I)]
S
(a) 66.5 (b) 30 (c) 60 (d) 36.5
14. The abscissa of the point of intersection of the less than type and of the more than type cumulative
ER

frequency curves of a grouped data gives its : [2010 (T-I)]

(a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) all the three above
TH

15. A data has 25 observations (arranged in descending order). Which observation represents the median  ?
[2010 (T-I)]
O

(a) 12th (b) 13th (c) 14th (d) 15th

R

16. If mode of the following data is 7, then value of k in 2, 4, 6, 7, 5, 6, 10, 6, 7, 2k + 1, 9, 7, 13 is  :

[2010 (T-I)]
B

(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 2

L

17. The mean and median of a data are 14 and 16 respectively. The value of mode is : [2010 (T-I)]
YA

(a) 13 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 20

18. The upper limit of the median class of the following distribution is : [2010 (T-I)]
O

Class 0–5 6–11 12–17 18–23 24–29

G

Frequency 13 10 15 8 11
(a) 17 (b) 17.5 (c) 18 (d) 18.5
19. The measures of central tendency which can’t be found graphically is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) none of these
20. The measure of central tendency which takes into account all data items is : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) mode (b) mean (c) median (d) none of these
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [2 Marks]
A. Important Questions
1. The following are the marks of 9 students in a class. Find the median marks :
21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 34, 35, 38, 48.
2. Find the median of the daily wages of ten workers from the following data :
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 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 25.
3. Find the mode of the given data : 120, 110, 130, 110, 120, 140, 130, 120, 140, 120.
4. Find the mode of the following data :
25, 16, 19, 48, 19, 20, 34, 15, 19, 20, 21, 24, 19, 16, 22, 16, 18, 20, 16, 19.
5. Find the value of x, if the mode of the following data is 25.
15, 20, 25, 18, 14, 15, 25, 15, 18, 16, 20, 25, 20, x, 18.
6. Calculate the mean for the following distribution :
x: 5 6 7 8 9
f: 4 8 14 11 3

7. Find the mode of the following data :

15, 8, 26, 24, 15, 18, 20, 15, 24, 19, 15.
8. Is it correct to say that an ogive is a graphical
representation of a frequency distribution ? Give reason.

N
9. Is it true to say that mean, median and mode of a

A
grouped data will always be different. Justify your

SH
answer.
10. Will the median class and modal class of a grouped
data always be different ? Justify your answer.

A
11. A student draws a cumulative frequency curve for the

K
marks obtained by 40 students of a class as shown. Find

A
the median marks obtained by the students of the class.
12. The mean of ungrouped data and the mean calculated
when the same data is grouped are always the same.
PR
Do you agree with the statement ? Give reason.
S
13. What is the lower limit of the modal class of the following frequency distribution ?
ER

Age (in years) 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60

No. of patients 16 13 6 11 27 18
TH

14. Find the sum of the deviations of the variate values 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14 from their mean.
O

15. If the mean of the following distribution is 6, find the value of p :

R

x 2 4 6 10 p+5
B

y 3 2 3 1 2
L

16. If x is the mean of ten natural numbers x1 , x2 ,....., x10 , show that :
YA

( x1 − x) + ( x2 − x) + ( x3 − x) + ..... + ( x10 − x) = 0.
17. For a particular year, the following is the distribution of the ages (in yrs.) of primary school teachers in
O

a state :
G

Age (in yrs) 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50
No. of teachers 11 32 51 49 27 6 4
Find how many teachers are of age less than 31 years.
18. If ∑ f i = 11, ∑ f i xi = 2 p + 52 and the mean of the distribution is 6, find the value of p.

19. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the
mean number of days a student was absent.
No. of days : 0–6 6–10 10–14 14–20 20–28 28–38 38–40
No. of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1
20. The table given below shows the frequency distribution of the scores obtained by 200 candidates in an
MBA examination.
6
 Score 200–250 250–300 300–350 350–400 400–450 450–500 500–550 550–600
No. of
30 15 45 20 25 40 10 15
Candidates
Draw a cumulative frequency curve by using less than series.
21. The shirt sizes worn by a group of 200 persons, who bought the shirt from a store are as follows :
Shirt size 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
No. of persons 15 25 39 41 36 17 15 12
Find the modal shirt size worn by the group.
22. Find the median wage of a worker engaged at a construction site whose data are given below :
Wages (in Rs.) 3500 3800 4100 4500 5500 6500 7000
No. of workers 12 13 25 17 15 12 6
23. Find the median for the following data :

N
Marks
5 9 10 12 13 16 18 20

A
(out of 20)

SH
No. of students 4 5 6 42 11 6 4 2

24. Find f and F.

A
Marks 0–10 10–30 30–60 60–80 80–90

K
No. of students
5 15 f 8 2 N = 60

A
(frequency)
c.f.
5 F 50
PR 58 60 N = ∑ f i = 60
S
B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers
ER

1. Convert the following data into more than type distribution. [2010 (T-I)]
Class Intervals 50–55 55–60 60–65 65–70 70–75 75–80
TH

Frequency 2 8 12 24 38 16
2. Find the mean of the following data. [2010 (T-I)]
O

Class Intervals 1–3 3–5 5–7 7–9 9–11

R

Frequency 7 8 2 2 1
B

3. Find the modal class and the median class for the following distribution. [2010 (T-I)]
L

C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50

YA

Frequency 6 10 12 8 7
4. Find the modal class and the median class for the following distribution : [2010 (T-I)]
O

Class Intervals 135–140 140–145 145–150 150–155 155–160 160–165

G

Frequency 4 7 18 11 6 5
5. The mean of the following data is 7.5. Find the value of P. [2010 (T-I)]

xi 3 5 7 9 11 13

fi 6 8 15 P 8 4

6. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution table. [2010 (T-I)]
C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50
Frequency 5 12 10 14 9
7. The median class of a frequency distribution is 125–145. The frequency and cumulative frequency of the

7
 class preceding to the median class are 20 and 22 respectively. Find the sum of the frequencies, if the
median is 137. [2010 (T-I)]
8. A survey conducted on 20 households in a locality by a group of students resulted in the following
frequency table for the number of family members in a household. [2010 (T-I)]
Family size : 1–3 3–5 5–7 7–9 9–11
No. of families : 7 8 2 2 1
Find the mode for the data above :
9. Find the mode of given distribution : [2010 (T-I)]
C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50
Frequency 2 12 22 8 6
10. Write the frequency distribution table for the following data : [2010 (T-I)]
Marks Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60

N
No. of students 0 12 20 28 33 40

A
11. The marks obtained by 60 students, out of 50 in a Mathematics examination, are given below :

SH
[2010 (T-I)]
Marks 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50

A
No. of students 5 13 12 20 10

K
Write the above distribution as ‘less than type cumulative frequency distribution.’

A
12. Find the mode of the given data : [2010 (T-I)]
Class Intervals 0–20
PR
20–40 40–60 60–80
Frequency 15 6 18 10
S
13. Find the median of the following given data : [2010 (T-I)]
ER

x 6 7 5 2 10 9 3
f 9 12 8 13 11 14 7
TH

14. Write the frequency distribution table for the following data : [2010 (T-I)]
Marks Above 0 Above 10 Above 20 Above 30 Above 40 Above 50
O

No. of students 30 28 21 15 10 0
R

15. Construct the frequency distribution table for the given data : [2010 (T-I)]
B

Marks Obtained Less than 10 Less than 20 Less than 30 Less than 40 Less than 50 Less than 60
No. of students 14 22 37 58 67 75
L
YA

16. Find the mode of the given data : [2010 (T-I)]

Class Intervals 3–6 6–9 9–12 12–15 15–18 18–21 21–24
O

Frequency 2 5 10 23 21 12 3
G

17. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution : [2003, 2007]
Class 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50
Frequency 8 12 10 11 9
18. The wickets taken by a bowler in 10 cricket matches are as follows : [2010 (T-I)]
2 6 4 5 0 2 1 3 2 3
Find the mode of the data.
19. Find the median for the following frequency distribution : [2010 (T-I)]
Class Intervals 10–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79
Frequency 2 4 8 9 4 2 1
20. Find the median of the following data. [2010 (T-I)]
8
 Marks 0–10 10–30 30–60 60–80 80–100
Frequency 5 15 30 8 2
21. Convert the given cumulative frequency table into frequency distribution table : [2010 (T-I)]
Marks Number of students
0 and above 120
20 and above 108
40 and above 90
60 and above 75
80 and above 50
100 and above 24
120 and above 9
140 and above 0

N
22. For the data given below draw more than ogive graph and find the value of median. [2010 (T-I)]

A
Production (in tons) 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80 Total

SH
No. of labourers 8 18 23 37 47 26 16 7 182
23. If the mean of the following data is 18.75, find the value of p. [2005]

A
K
xi 10 15 8 25 30

A
fi 5 10 7 8 2

PR
24. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find the missing frequency x. [2007]
Class 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120
S

Frequency 5 8 x 12 7 8
ER

25. What is the lower limit of the modal class of the following frequency distribution ? [2009]
TH

Age (in yrs) 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60

No. of patients 6 13 6 11 27 18
O

26. Find the median class of the following data : [2008]

R

Marks obtained 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60

B

Frequency 8 10 12 22 30 18

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 Marks]

L
YA

A. Important Questions
O

1. Using short-cut method (Deviation method), calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution.
G

Daily earnings (in Rs.) 950 1000 1050 1100 1250 1500 1600
No. of shopkeepers 24 18 13 15 20 11 9

2. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket
allowance is Rs. 18. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily pocket allowance
11–13 13–15 15–17 17–19 19–21 21–23 23–25
(in Rs.)
No. of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
3. Find the value of p if the mean of following distribution is 20. [V. Imp.]
x 15 17 19 20 + p 23
f 2 3 4 5p 6
9
 4. The following data gives the information of the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical
components  : [Imp.]
Lifetime (in hours) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120
Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of components.
5. A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes
and summarised it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data :
No. of cars 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80
Frequency 7 14 13 12 20 11 15 8
6. If the mode of the following distribution is 57.5, find the value of x.
x 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80 80–90 90–100
f 6 10 16 x 10 5 2

N
7. The distribution below gives the weights of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of the
students.

A
Weight (in kg)

SH
40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60 60–65 65–70 70–75
Number of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2

A
8. Using assumed mean method, find the mean of the following data :

K
x 240 250 260 270 280 290 300

A
f 15 25 32 47 15 12 4
PR
9. Find the value of p, if the value of the following distribution is 55.
x p+3 30 50 70 89
f p 8 10 15 10
S

10. Compute the mode of the following data :

ER

Class-interval 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50
TH

Frequency 3 8 13 18 28 20 13 8 6 4
11. Calculate the missing frequency from the following distribution, it is given that the median of the
O

distribution is 24.
R

Class-interval 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50

B

Frequency 5 25 ? 18 7
12. Find the median wages for the following frequency distribution.
L
YA

Wage per day (in Rs.) 61–70 71–80 81–90 91–100 101–110 111–120
No. of workers 5 15 20 30 20 8
O

B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

G

1. Find the mean of the following data : [2010 (T-I)]

Classes 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60
Frequency 14 22 16 6 5 3 4
2. Find the median of the following data : [2010 (T-I)]
Marks Number of Students
0 and above 80
10 and above 77
20 and above 72
30 and above 65

10
 40 and above 55
50 and above 43
60 and above 28
70 and above 16
80 and above 10
90 and above 8
100 and above 0
3. Find the mean of the following data. [2010 (T-I)]

Classes-interval 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80 80–90 90–100

Frequency 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
4. Find the median daily expenses from the following data. [2010 (T-I)]

N
Daily Expenses (in Rs.) No. of families

A
20–40 6

SH
40–60 9
60–80 11

A
80–100 14

K
100–120 20

A
120–140 15
140–160
PR 10
160–180 8
180–200 7
S

Total 100
ER

5. The mean of the following distribution is 62.8 and the sum of all frequencies is 50. Compute the missing
frequencies f1 and f­­­­2. [2010 (T-I)]
TH

Classes 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120 Total

O

Frequency 5 f1 10 f2 7 8 50
R

6. Find unknown entries a, b, c, d, e, f in the following distribution of heights of students in a class and
B

the total number of students in the class in 50. [2010 (T-I)]

L

Height in c.m. 150–155 155–160 160–165 165–170 170–175 175–180

YA

Frequency 12 b 10 d e 2
Cumulative frequency a 25 c 43 48 f
O

7. Find the mean marks from the following data : [2010 (T-I)]
G

Marks Below 10 Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60

Number of students 4 10 18 28 40 70
8. Find the median of the following data [2010 (T-I)]

C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 Total

Frequency 8 16 36 34 6 100
9. Draw a less than ogive for the following frequency distribution : [2010 (T-I)]

Classes 150–155 155–160 160–165 165–170 170–175 175–180

Frequency 6 10 22 34 16 12

11
 10. The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world in one-day
international cricket matches. Find the mode of the data. [2010 (T-I)]
Runs Scored 3000–4000 4000–5000 5000–6000 6000–7000
No. of batsmen 4 18 9 7
Runs Scored 7000–8000 8000–9000 9000–10000 10000–11000
No. of batsmen 6 3 1 1
11. During the medical check up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded as follows. Draw a
less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain median weight from the graph. [2010 (T-I)]

Weight (in kg) Number of Students

less than 38 0
less than 40 3
less than 42 5

N
less than 44 9

A
less than 46 14

SH
less than 48 28
less than 50 32

A
less than 52 35

K
12. Find mean of the following frequency distribution using step deviation method. [2010 (T-I)]

A
Classes 0–10 10–20 PR 20–30 30–40 40–50
Frequency 7 10 15 8 10
13. Find the missing frequency for the given frequency distribution table, if the mean of the distribution is
S
18. [2010 (T-I)]
ER

Classes 11–13 13–15 15–17 17–19 19–21 21–23 23–25

Frequency 3 6 9 13 f 5 4
TH

14. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution : [2010 (T-I)]
Marks 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80
O

No. of students 4 8 10 12 10 4 2
R

15. Find the median of the following data. [2010 (T-I)]

B

Classes 500–600 600–700 700–800 800–900 900–1000

L

Frequency 40 28 35 22 25
YA

16. Find the missing frequencies f1 and f2 if mean of 50 observations is 38.2. [2010 (T-I)]
O

Classes Interval 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70

G

Frequency 4 4 f1 10 f2 8 5
17. The median of the distribution given below is 35. Find the value of x and y, if the sum all frequencies
is 170. [2010 (T-I)]
Variable 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70
Frequency 10 20 x 40 y 25 15
18. The mean of the following data is 53, find the missing frequencies. [2010 (T-I)]
Age in years 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 Total
No. of people 15 f1 21 f2 17 100
19. The daily expenditure of 100 families are given below. Calculate f1 and f2, if the mean daily expenditure
is Rs. 188. [2010 (T-I)]
12
 Expenditure 140–160 160–180 180–200 200–220 220–240
No. of families 5 25 f1 f2 5
20. Compute the median for the following data : [2010 (T-I)]
Class interval Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less
than than than than than than than than than 100
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Cumulative
0 4 16 30 46 66 82 92 100
frequency
21. Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution table, if N = 100 and median is
32. [2010 (T-I)]
Marks obtained 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 Total
No. of students 10 ? 25 30 ? 10 100

N
22. Find the median of the following data [2010 (T-I)]

A
Class Interval 40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60 60–65 65–70 70–75

SH
Frequency 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
23. Find the mean of the following data using step deviation method. [2010 (T-I)]

A
K
Class Interval 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70

A
Frequency 4 4 7 10 12 8 5
24. Find the mode of following frequency distribution : PR [2010 (T-I)]
Class Interval 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70
Frequency 5 8 15 20 14 8 5
S
ER

25. Find the median of the following data : [2010 (T-I)]

Height (in cm) Less Less Less Less Less
TH

than 120 than 140 than 160 than 180 than 200
Number of students 12 26 34 40 50
O

26. Find mode of the given data : [2010 (T-I)]

R

C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60

B

Frequency 16 13 6 11 27 18
L

27. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 57.6 and the sum of observations is 50. Find the
YA

missing frequencies f1 and f­2. [2004]

Class 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120 Total
O

Frequency 7 f1 12 f2 8 5 50
G

28. Find the mode from the following frequency distribution : [2004]
Class interval 25–50 50–7 75–100 100–125 125–150 150–175 175–200
Frequency 12 17 20 30 25 19 11
29. Find the modal marks from the following table : [2004]
Marks 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80
No. of students 5 18 30 45 40 15 10 6
30. Find the mode from the following data : [2005]
Height (in cm) 80–90 90–100 100–110 110–120 120–130
No. of students 7 11 5 4 10
13
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [4 Marks]
A. Important Questions
1. Find the missing frequencies f1 and f2 in the following frequency distribution, if it is known that the mean
of the distribution is 50 and the total frequency is 150. [HOTS]
x 10 30 50 70 90
f 17 f1 32 f2 19
2. A life insurance agent found the following data for distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate the
median age, if policies are given only to persons having age 18 years onwards but less than 60 years.

Age (in years) Number of policy

holders
Below 20 2

N
Below 25 6

A
Below 30 24

SH
Below 35 45
Below 40 78

A
Below 45 89

K
Below 50 92

A
Below 55 98
Below 60
PR 100
3. Find the mean marks of the students from the following frequency distribution.
S

Marks No. of students

ER

less than 10 5
less than 20 9
TH

less than 30 17
O

less than 40 29
R

less than 50 45
B

less than 60 60
less than 70 70
L

less than 80 78
YA

less than 90 83
O

less than 100 85

G

4. Calculate the mode from the following data :

Monthly salary (in Rs) No. of employees

less than 5000 90
less than 10000 240
less than 15000 340
less than 20000 420
less than 25000 490
less than 30000 500

14
 5. Compute the median for the following data :
Marks (more than or equal to) No. of students
80 150
90 141
100 124
110 105
120 60
130 27
140 12
150 0

6. The median value for the following frequency distribution is 35 and the sum of all the frequencies is
170. Find the values of x and y.

N
C.I. 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70

A
Frequency 10 20 x 40 y 25 15

SH
7. Find the mode of the marks obtained by 80 students in a class test in mathematics as given below  :

A
Marks No. of students

K
less than 10 3
less than 20 8

A
less than 30 PR 24
less than 40 36
less than 50 49
S

less than 60 69
ER

less than 70 75
less than 80 80
TH

8. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year.
Age (in years) 5 15 25 35 45 55
O

(more than or equal to)

R

No. of patients 80 74 63 42 19 5
B

Find the mode and mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures of central
tendency.
L

9. The mode of the following distribution is 65.625 hours. Find the value of p.
YA

Lifetime (in hours) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120

Frequency 10 35 52 61 p 29
O
G

10. Find the median for the following data :

Marks Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below 80
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Number of students 12 32 57 80 92 116 164 200

11. A survey regarding the height (in cm) of 51 girls of class X of a school was conducted and the following
data was obtained.
Height in cm Number of girls
Less than 140 4
Less than 145 11
Less than 150 29
15
 Less than 155 40
Less than 160 46
Less than 165 51

Find the median height.

12. The following table gives the distribution of the lifetime of neon lamps. [Imp.]
ifetime (in hours)
L 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
(more than or equal to)
No. of lamps 400 386 330 270 184 110 48 0
Find the median lifetime of a lamp.
13. The annual profits earned by 38 shops in a market is represented in following table. [Imp.]
Profit (in lakhs of Rs) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
(more than or equal to)

N
No. of shops 38 28 16 14 10 7 3

A
Draw both the ogives for the above data and hence obtain the median.

SH
14. From the following data, draw the two types of cumulative frequency curves and determine the
median.

A
Height (in cm) Frequency

K
140–144 3

A
144–148 9
148–152
PR 24
152–156 31
S
156–160 42
ER

160–164 64
164–168 75
TH

168–172 82
172–176 86
O

176–180 34
R

B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

B
L

1. Convert the following data to a less than type distribution and draw its ogive. Also find the median from
YA

the graph. [2010 (T-I)]

Class Interval 100–120 120–140 140–160 160–180 180–200
O

Frequency 12 14 8 6 10
G

2. Convert the following data into a more than type distribution and draw its ogive. Also find the median
of the data from the graph. [2010 (T-I)]
Class Interval 100–120 120–140 140–160 160–180 180–200
Frequency 12 14 8 6 10
3. Draw ‘more than ogive’ for the following frequency distribution and hence obtain the median.
[2010 (T-I)]
Class Interval 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25–30 30–35 35–40
Frequency 2 12 2 4 3 4 3
4. Draw ‘less than ogive’ for the following frequency distribution and hence obtain the median.
[2010 (T-I)]
16
 Marks obtained 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80
No. of students 3 4 3 3 4 7 9
5. If the median of the following data is 525. Find the values of x and y if the sum of the frequencies is
100. [2010 (T-I)]
Class Interval 0–100 100–200 200–300 300–400 400–500
Frequency 2 5 x 12 17
Class Interval 500–600 600–700 700–800 800–900 900–1000
Frequency 20 y 9 7 4
6. Calculate the mode of the following frequency distribution table. [2010 (T-I)]
Marks Above Above Above Above Above Above Above 85
25 35 45 55 65 75

N
Number of students 52 47 37 17 8 2 0

A
7. During medical check up of 35 students of a class, their weights were recorded. [2010 (T-I)]

SH
Weight Number of students
Less than 38 0

A
Less than 40 3

K
Less than 42 5

A
Less than 44 9
Less than 46
PR 14
Less than 48 28
S
Less than 50 32
ER

Less than 52 35
Draw less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain the median weight from graph and verify the
result by using formula.
TH

8. Change the following data into less than type distribution and draw its ogive. Hence find the median of
the data. [2010 (T-I)]
O
R

Marks obtained 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79 80–89 90–99

No. of students 5 7 8 10 5 8 7
B

9. Draw less than and more than ogive for the following distribution and hence obtain the median.
L

[2010 (T-I)]
YA

Marks 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70 70–80 80–90 90–100

O

No. of students 14 6 10 20 30 8 12
G

10. The following distribution gives the annual profit earned by 30 shops of a shopping complex.
[2010 (T-I)]
Profit (in Lakh Rs.) 0–5 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25
No. of shops 3 14 5 6 2
Change the above distribution to more than type distribution and draw its ogive.
11. Following distribution shows the marks obtained by the class of 100 students. [2010 (T-I)]
Marks 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70
No. of students 10 15 30 32 8 5
Draw less than ogive for the above data. Find median graphically and verify the result by actual
method.
17
 12. Find the median by drawing both ogives. [2010 (T-I)]
Class Interval 50–60 60–70 70–80 80–90 90–100
Frequency 3 5 9 12 6
13. If the median of the distribution given below is 28.5, find the values of x and y. [2010 (T-I)]
Class Intervals 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 Total
Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60
14. The mean of the following data is 50. Find the missing frequencies f1 and f2. [2010 (T-I)]
C.I. 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 Total
No. of students 17 f1 32 f2 19 120
15. Draw a less than ogive for the following data : [2010 (T-I)]

N
Marks Number of students

A
Less than 20 0

SH
Less than 30 4

A
Less than 40 16

K
A
Less than 50 30

Less than 60
PR 46
S
Less than 70 66
ER

Less than 80 82
TH

Less than 90 92

Less than 100 100

O
R

Find the median of the data from the graph and verify the result using the formula.
B

16. The following table gives the distribution of expenditures of different families on education. Find the
mean expenditure on education of a family. [2004]
L

Expenditure (in Rs.) Number of families

YA

1000–1500 24
1500–2000 40
O

2000–2500 33
G

2500–3000 28
3000–3500 30
3500–4000 22
4000–4500 16
4500–5000 7
17. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and the frequency distribution
of the number of letters in the English alphabet in the surnames was obtained as follows : [2008]
Number of letters 1–4 4–7 7–10 10–13 13–16 16–19
Number of surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4

18
 Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the mean number of letters in the surnames.
Also, find the modal size of the surnames.
18. Find the mean, mode and median of the following data : [2008]
Classes 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70
Frequency 5 10 18 30 20 12 5
19. The following table gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory : [2008]
Daily income (in Rs.) 100–120 120–140 140–160 160–180 180–200
No. of workers 12 14 8 6 10
Find the mean, median and mode of the above data.
20. The median of the following data is 52.5. Find the values of x and y if the total frequency is 100.
[2009]

N
Class Interval Frequency

A
0–10 2

SH
10–20 5
20–30 x

A
30–40 12

K
40–50 17
50–60 20

A
60–70 PR y
70–80 9
80–90 7
S

90–100 4
ER

21. Find the mode, median and mean for the following data : [2009]
Marks obtained 25–35 35–45 45–55 55–65 65–75 75–85
TH

No. of students 7 31 33 17 11 1
O

Formative Assessment
R

Activity 1
B

Objective : To find median graphically.

L

Materials Required : Graph paper and geometry box.

YA

Preparation for the Activity :

O

We shall learn the process with the help of an illustration. Let us compute the median of the following data.
G

Marks 15 – 20 20 – 25 0 – 5 30 – 35 25 – 30 5 – 10 35 – 40 10 – 15
No. of 10 18 4 22 25 6 7 8
students
We shall learn two methods to find out median. Before that let us put the data in a proper form and complete the
requisites.
1. Arrange the data in ascending order, i.e., put the intervals in proper sequence 0 – 5, 5 – 10, 10 – 15, ...... 35
– 40 along with their respective frequencies.
2. Compute frequencies for ‘Marks less than’, the upper limits of each class interval.
3. Compute frequencies for ‘Marks more than’, the lower limits of each class interval.

19
 Original given data Arranged in Ascending order of marks
Marks No. of students Marks No. of students
15 – 20 10 0 – 5 4
20 – 25 18 5 – 10 6
0 – 5 4 10 – 15 8
30 – 35 22 15 – 20 10
25 – 30 25 20 – 25 18
5 – 10 6 25 – 30 25
35 – 40 7 30 – 35 22
10 – 15 8 35 – 40 7
Marks No. of students Marks No. of students
Less than 5 4 More than 0 100 – 0 = 100

N
Less than 10 4 + 6 = 10 More than 5 100 – 4 = 96

A
Less than 15 10 + 8 = 18 More than 10 96 – 6 = 90

SH
Less than 20 18 + 10 = 28 More than 15 90 – 8 = 82
Less than 25 28 + 18 = 46 More than 20 82 – 10 = 72

A
K
Less than 30 46 + 25 = 71 More than 25 72 – 18 = 54

A
Less than 35 71 + 22 = 93 More than 30 54 – 25 = 29
Less than 40 93 + 7 = 100
PR More than 35 29 – 22 = 7
More than 40 7–7=0
S
ER

Method 1. Using less than ogive only

TH
O
R
B
L
YA
O
G

1. Mark the upper limits along X-axis on a suitable scale.

2. Mark the corresponding (less than) frequencies along Y-axis choosing a suitable scale.
3. Plot the points (5, 4); (10, 10); (15, 18); (20, 28); (25, 46); (30, 71); (35, 93); (40, 100)
4. Join the points (with free hand) to get a curve as shown in figure 1.

20
 N 100
5. Compute , i.e., = 50 and mark the corresponding point on Y-axis as shown in figure 1.
2 2

6. Draw a line parallel to X-axis, from the point marked in the above step, meeting the curve at P(say) as shown
in figure 1.
7. Draw perpendicular PM from P on the X-axis as shown in figure 1. The abscissa of M gives the median value.
∴ Median (Me) = 26.

Method 2. Using less than ogive and more than ogive (both).
1. Draw both ‘less than’ and ‘more than’ ogives on the same graph paper as shown in figure 2.
2. Mark the point of intersection of these two ogives as P(say) as shown in figure 2

N
A
SH
A
K
A
PR
S
ER
TH

3. Draw perpendicular PM from P on the X-axis as shown in figure 2.

O

The x-coordinate of point M gives the median value.

R

∴ Median (Me) = 26.

B

You can verify this algebriacally. The value obtained graphically will be the same as obtained algebraically
except for errors in plotting and reading the scale.
L
YA

Activity 2
Objective : To find mode graphically.
O

Materials Required : Graph paper and geometry box.

G

Preparation for the Activity : We shall take some data, as in the previous activity, to understand the process
of finding mode graphically.
Let us compute the mode of the following data :

Marks 0 – 5 5 – 10 10 – 15 15 – 20 20 – 25 25 – 30 30 – 35 35 – 40
No. of 4 6 8 10 18 25 22 7
students

1. Draw a histogram from the given data, taking marks along X-axis and frequencies along Y-axis shown in
figure 1.
2. Decide the bar of the corresponding modal class.
21
 3. Join the left upper corner point A of the modal bar with left upper
corner C of the bar of the succeeding class interval to get AC as
shown in figure 1.
4. Similarly, join the upper right corner point B of the bar of
modal class with the upper right corner point D of the bar of the
preceeding class interval to get BD as shown in figure 1.
5. AC and BD intersect at a point P(say) as shown in figure 1.
6. From the point P, draw a perpendicular PM on X-axis as shown in
figure 1.
7. The x-coordinate of the point M will give the modal value.
∴ Mode (Mo) = 28.5.
You can verify this algebraically. The value obtained graphically

N
will be the same as obtained algebraically except for errors in
plotting and reading the scale.

A
SH
A
K
A
PR
S
ER
TH
O
R
B
L
YA
O
G

22