Problem No.

1
Tests by P. Brosnan Pump Co. for a 370-mm diameter centrifugal pump conveying
water at 2150 rpm shows the following results:
Q, L/s 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
H, m 100 100 97 90 81 65 40
PP’, kW 90 95 120 160 185 200 210
Determine the BEP and estimate the maximum discharge possible.
Solution:
Using η = γQH/P’

BEP is at η= 85.7% ; Q’= 200L/s; H’= 81m; P’= 185kW

Q′ 200 Ls
Q max = =
0.6 0.6
𝐋
𝐐𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑
𝐬

Problem No.2
A pump from the same family as problem 1 is built to deliver gasoline at 20 OC with a
500-mm impeller and a BEP power of 190 kW. Using the affinity laws determine the resulting
speed, flow rate and head at BEP.

Given: Q1‘= 200 L/s Req’d: b) N2, Q2’, and H2’’

H1‘= 81 m
P1’=185kW
N1 = 2150 rpm
D1 =370mm ; D2 =500mm
Solution:
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝛾2 = 2 𝑔 = (680 𝑚3 ) (9.807𝑠2 ) ( ) (1000𝑁 ) = 6.67𝑚3
𝑘𝑔. 𝑚2
𝑠
𝑃𝑃 ∝ 𝛾𝐷 5 𝑁 3
𝑃2 ′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 5 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃1 ′ 𝛾1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝑘𝑁
190 𝑘𝑊 6.67 𝑚3 0.5 𝑚 2 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
180 𝑘𝑊 9.81 𝑘𝑁 0.370 𝑚 2150 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑚3
𝑵𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟑. 𝟒𝟖𝐫𝐩𝐦
𝑄 ∝ 𝐷3𝑁
𝑄2 ′ 𝐷2 3 𝑁2
=( ) ( )
𝑄1 ′ 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝑄2 ′ 0.5 𝑚 3 1493.48 𝑟𝑝𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝐿 0.370 2150 𝑟𝑝𝑚
200
𝑠
 𝑳
𝑸′𝟐 = 𝟑𝟒𝟐. 𝟕𝟑
𝒔
𝐻 ∝ 𝐷2𝑁 2
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝐻2′
0.5 𝑚 2 1493.48 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
=( ) ( )
81𝑚 0.37 𝑚 2150 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝐻2 ′ = 71.33𝑚

Problem No.3
An axial flow pump delivers 300 L/s of water at a head of 6 m when rotating at 2000 rpm.
If its efficiency is 80%, determine the kilowatts of power the shaft delivers to the pump. If this
same pump were operated at 2400 rpm the efficiency would increase to 83%. Determine the H,
Q, and the power delivered by the shaft.

Given: Q1 = 300 L/s

H1 = 6 m
N1 = 2000 rpm
ηp = 80%
N2 = 2400 rpm

Req’d: a) PP1’
b) H2, Q2, and PP2’

Solution:

𝑎) 𝑃𝑃1 = 𝛾𝑄𝐻
𝑘𝑁 𝑚3 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊 ∙ 𝑠
= (9.807 3 ) (0.3 ) (6 𝑚) [ ][ ]
𝑚 𝑠 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 𝑘𝐽
𝑃𝑃1 = 17.65 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑃1 17.65 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑃1 ′ = =
𝜂𝑝 0.8
𝑷𝑷𝟏 ′ = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟎𝟔 𝒌𝑾

𝑏) 𝐻 ∝ 𝐷 2 𝑁 2
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
= ( ) ( ) ; 𝐷1 = 𝐷2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1
 2400 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
(6
𝐻2 = 𝑚) ( )
2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑯𝟐 = 𝟖. 𝟔𝟒 𝒎
𝑄 ∝ 𝐷𝑁
𝑄2 𝐷2 𝑁2
𝑄∝ = ( ) ( ) ; 𝐷1 = 𝐷2
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝐿 2400 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑄2 = (300 ) ( )
𝑠 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑳
𝑸𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝒔
𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 𝑚3 1
𝑃𝑃2 = 𝜌𝑔𝑄2 𝐻𝑝2 = (1000 ) (9.807 ) (8.64 𝑚) (0.36 )( )
𝑚3 𝑠 𝑠 1000

𝑃𝑃2 = 30.5 𝑘𝑊
𝑃2 30.5 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑃2 ′ = =
𝜂𝑃 0.83
𝑃𝑃2 ′ = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑾
Check:

𝑃 ∝ 𝛾𝐷 3 𝑁 3
𝑃𝑃2 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ; 𝛾1 = 𝛾2 ; 𝐷1 = 𝐷2
𝑃𝑃1 𝛾1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝑁2 3 2400 𝑟𝑝𝑚 3
𝑃𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑃1 ( ) = (17.65 𝑘𝑊) ( )
𝑁1 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑷𝒑𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟓 𝒌𝑾
𝑃𝑃2 30.5 𝑘𝑊
𝑷′𝑷𝟐 = =
𝜂𝑝 0.83
𝑷′𝒑𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 𝒌𝑾

Problem No.4
The performance of a particular pump running with various impeller diameters indicates
that while running at 1650 rpm the capacity is 280 gpm, the head is 180 ft, and the Bhp is
approx. 25 hp. This performance data has been determined by actual tests by the manufacturer
using a 12" diameter impeller. Determine the results of the performance data if the impeller
diameter were changed to 10” and the pump were driven at 2000 rpm.
(Ans. 282.83 gpm; 183.65 ft; 25.77hp)

Given: N1 = 1650 rpm Req’d:

Q1 = 280 gpm Q2, H2, PP2’
H1 = 180 ft
P1’ = 25 hp
 D1 = 12” ; D2 = 10”
N2 = 2000 rpm
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎. )
𝑄2 𝐷2 𝑁2
= ( )( )
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝑄2 10 " 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
=( )( )
280 𝑔𝑝𝑚 12 " 1650 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑸𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝒈𝒑𝒎

𝑏. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝐻2 10 " 2 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2

=( ) ( )
180 𝑓𝑡 12 " 1650 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑯𝟐 = 𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟔𝟓 𝒇𝒕

𝑐. )
𝑃2′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃1′ 𝛾1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝑃2′ 0.8333 𝑓𝑡 3 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚 3
=( ) ( )
25 ℎ𝑝 1 𝑓𝑡 1650 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑷′𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟕𝟕 𝒉𝒑

Problem No.5
A model centrifugal pump is made with a model ratio of 1:10. The model was tested at
3600 rpm and delivered 0.085 m3/s at a head of 38 m with an efficiency of 88%. Assuming a
prototype having an efficiency of 91% develops the same head, what will be its speed, capacity,
and the required shaft power? Liquid pumped is water.

Given: Req’d:
𝐷𝑚 1
= Np, Qp, PP’
𝐷𝑝 10
Nm = 3600 rpm
Q = 0.085 m3/s
Hpm = 38 m
ηm = 88%
ηp = 91%
Hpp = 38 m
Solution:

𝐻 ∝ 𝐷2𝑁 2
2 2
𝐻𝑝𝑚 𝐷𝑚 𝑁𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝐻𝑝𝑝 𝐷𝑝 𝑁𝑝

𝐷𝑚 1
𝑁𝑝 = 𝑁𝑚 ( ) = (3600 𝑟𝑝𝑚) ( )
𝐷𝑝 10
𝑵𝒑 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝑄 ∝ 𝐷3𝑁
3
𝑄𝑚 𝐷𝑚 𝑁𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝑄𝑝 𝐷𝑝 𝑁𝑝
𝐷𝑝 3 𝑁𝑚 𝑚3 10 3 360 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑄𝑝 = 𝑄𝑚 ( ) ( ) = (0.085 )( ) ( )
𝐷𝑚 𝑁𝑝 𝑠 1 3600 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝒎𝟑
𝑸𝒑 = 𝟖. 𝟓
𝒔
𝑘𝑁 𝑚3 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊 · 𝑠
𝛾𝑄𝑝 𝐻𝑝 (9.807 3 ) (8.5 ) (38 𝑚) [ ][ ]
𝑚 𝑠 𝑘𝑁 · 𝑚 𝑘𝐽
𝑃𝑃 ′ = =
𝜂𝑝 0.91
𝑷𝑷 ′ = 𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑾

Problem No.6
Determine the scale ratio for a water pump if tests were made on a model using oil; the
water pump is to be driven by a 95 kW motor running at 1200 rpm while a 150 kW motor is used
to drive the oil pump at 1800 rpm. Use SGoil = 0.85.
Given: PPW = 95 kW Req’d: Dw/Do
Nw = 1450 rpm
PPO = 150 kW
No = 1800 rpm
SGoil = 0.85

Solution:
𝑃𝑃 ∝ 𝛾𝐷 5 𝑁 3
𝑃𝑝𝑤 𝛾𝑤 𝐷𝑤 5 𝑁𝑤 3
= ( )( ) ( )
𝑃𝑝𝑜 𝛾𝑜 𝐷𝑜 𝑁𝑜
1 1
𝐷𝑤 𝑃𝑝𝑤 𝛾𝑜 𝑁𝑜 3 5 95 𝑘𝑊 0.85 1800 𝑟𝑝𝑚 3 5
= [( ) ( ) ( ) ] = [( )( )( ) ]
𝐷𝑜 𝑃𝑝𝑜 𝛾𝑤 𝑁𝑤 150 𝑘𝑊 1 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑫𝒘
= 𝟏. 𝟏𝟐𝟕
𝑫𝒐
Problem No. 7
At its optimum point of operation, a given centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of
50 cm delivers 3200 L/s of water against a head of 25 m when rotating at 1450 rpm. (a). If its
efficiency is 82%, what is the brake power of the driving shaft? (b). If a homologous pump with
an impeller diameter of 80 cm is rotating at 1200 rpm, what would be the discharge, head, and
shaft power? Assume both pump operate at the same efficiency. (c). Compute the specific
speed of both pumps.

Given: D1 = 50 cm
Q1 = 3200 L/s (b).
H1 = 25 m
N1 = 1450 rpm
Req’d: a) PP1’ if η1= 82%
b) Q2,H2, and P2’ if D2 = 80 cm, n2 = 1200 rpm, η1= η2 (a).
c) NS1,(NS2
Solution:
𝑘𝑁 𝑚3
(a) 𝑃𝑃 = 𝛾𝑄𝐻𝑝 = (9.807 3 ) (3.2 ) (25 𝑚) = 784.56 𝑘𝑊
𝑚 𝑠
𝑃𝑃
𝜂=
𝑃𝑃 ′
𝑃 784.56 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑃1 ′ = =
𝜂 0.82
𝑷𝑷𝟏 ′ = 𝟗𝟓𝟔. 𝟕𝟖𝟎𝟓 𝒌𝑾

(b). 𝑄 ∝ 𝐷3𝑁
𝑄2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2
=( ) ( )
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝐷2 3 𝑁2 𝐿 80 𝑐𝑚 3 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑄2 = 𝑄1 ( ) ( ) = (3200 ) ( ) ( )
𝐷1 𝑁1 𝑠 50 𝑐𝑚 1450 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑳
𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 𝟖𝟒𝟕. 𝟑𝟑𝟕𝟗
𝒔
𝐻 ∝ 𝐷 2𝑛2
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2 80 𝑐𝑚 2 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
𝐻2 = 𝐻1 ( ) ( ) = (25 𝑚) ( ) ( )
𝐷1 𝑁1 50 𝑐𝑚 1450 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑯𝟐 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟓 𝒎
𝑘𝑁 𝑚3
𝛾2 𝑄2 𝐻𝑝2 (9.807 3 ) (10.8473 ) (43.8335 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠
𝑃𝑃2 ′ = =
𝜂 0.82
𝑃𝑃2 ′ = 𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟔. 𝟓𝟖𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑾
(c).
1
1 𝑚3 2
51.655𝑁1 𝑄12 51.655(1450 𝑟𝑝𝑚) (3.2 )
𝑠
𝑁𝑠1 = 3 = 3
𝐻𝑝 4 (25 𝑚)4
1

𝑵𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟗𝟖𝟑 𝒓𝒑𝒎

1
1 𝑚3 2
51.655𝑁1 𝑄12 51.655(1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚) (10.8473 )
𝑠
𝑁𝑠1 = 3 = 3
𝐻𝑝 4 (43.8335 𝑚)4
1

𝑵𝒔𝟏 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟗𝟖𝟑 𝒓𝒑𝒎

Problem No. 8
A model centrifugal pump has a scale ratio of 1:15. The model was tested at 3200 rpm
and delivered 100 L/s of water at a head of 40 m with an efficiency of 85%. Assuming a
prototype has an efficiency of 88%, what will be its speed, capacity and power equivalent at a
head of 50 m?

Given: Dm/Dp = 1/15 Req’d: Np

Nm = 3200 rpm Qp =
Qm = 100 L/s Pp ’
Hpm = 40 m
ηm = 85%
Hpp = 50 m
ηp = 88%

Solution:

𝐻 ∝ 𝐷 2𝑛2
2 2
𝐻𝑚 𝐷𝑚 𝑁𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝐻𝑝 𝐷𝑝 𝑁𝑝
2
40 𝑚 1 2 3200 𝑟𝑝𝑚
=( ) ( )
50 𝑚 15 𝑛𝑝
𝑛𝑝 = 238.5139 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑄 ∝ 𝐷3𝑛
3
𝑄𝑚 𝐷𝑚 𝑁𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝑄𝑝 𝐷𝑝 𝑁𝑝
100 𝐿/𝑠 1 3 3200 𝑟𝑝𝑚
=( ) ( )
𝑄𝑝 15 238.5139 𝑟𝑝𝑚
 𝑳
𝑸𝒑 = 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟗
𝒔
𝑘𝑁 𝑚3
𝑃𝑝 𝛾𝑄𝑝 𝐻𝑝 (9.807 3 ) (25.1558 ) (50 𝑚)
𝑚 𝑠
𝑃𝑝 ′ = = =
𝑃𝑝 ′ 𝜂𝑝 0.88
𝑃𝑝 ′ = 𝟏𝟒 𝟎𝟏𝟕. 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝑾
Problem Set

1. A centrifugal pump equipped with a variable frequency (speed) drive running at 3500 rpm is
discharging 240 gallons per minute corresponding with a head of 287 feet. The horsepower is
35.5. if the pump’s speed is reduced to 2900 rpm, determine the revised flow rate, head and
power required. (Ans. 197.03 ft; 198.86 gpm; 20.19 hp)

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑁1 = 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑄1 = 240 𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝐻1 = 287 𝑓𝑡
𝑃1 = 35.5 ℎ𝑝
𝑁2 = 2900 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑄2 , 𝐻2 , 𝑃2′

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎. )
𝑄2 𝐷1 𝑁2
= ( )
𝑄1 𝐷2 𝑁1

𝑄2 2900 𝑟𝑝𝑚
=
240 𝑔𝑝𝑚 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗𝟖. 𝟖𝟔 𝒈𝒑𝒎

𝑏. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝐻2 2900 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
=( )
287 𝑓𝑡 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑯𝟐 = 𝟏𝟗𝟕. 𝟎𝟑 𝒇𝒕

𝑐. )
𝑃2′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃1′ 𝛾2 𝐷3 𝑁1

𝑃2′ 2900 𝑟𝑝𝑚 3

=( )
35.5 ℎ𝑝 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑷′𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟗 𝒉𝒑
2. A 100 x 75 – 330, 2000 rpm centrifugal pump equipped with a 280 mm diameter impeller
requires 15 bhp when delivering 1150 lpm at a head of 35m. Predict the new capacity, head, and
power required when the impeller diameter is reduced to 230 mm. (Ans. 944.64 lpm; 23.61 m;
8.31 hp)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑁1 = 2000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐷1 = 0.28 𝑚
𝑃1′ = 15 ℎ𝑝
𝑄1 = 1150 𝑙𝑝𝑚
𝐻1 = 35 𝑚
𝐷2 = 0.23 𝑚

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑄2 , 𝐻2 , 𝑃2′

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎. )
𝑄2 𝐷2 𝑁2
= ( )
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝑄2 0.23 𝑚
=
1500 𝑙𝑝𝑚 0.28 𝑚

𝑸𝟐 = 𝟗𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟒 𝒍𝒑𝒎

𝑏. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝐻2 0.23 𝑚 2
=( )
35 𝑚 0.28 𝑚

𝑯𝟐 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 𝒎

𝑐. )
𝑃2′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃1′ 𝛾2 𝐷3 𝑁1

𝑃2′ 0.23 𝑚 3
=( )
15 ℎ𝑝 0.28 𝑚

𝑷′𝟐 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏 𝒉𝒑
3. A centrifugal pump is designed to flow 100 lpm of water at a pressure of 10 bar at full speed.
Using the Affinity Laws, determine the approximate flow and pressure generated when a
variable speed drive operates the pump motor at 70 percent speed. Approximately how much
less energy is required at the lower speed. (Ans. 70 lpm; 4.9 bar; 1.097 kW)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
1 𝑚3 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚3
𝑄1 = 100 𝑙𝑝𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.00167
1000 𝐿 60 𝑠 𝑠
100 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃1 = 10 𝑏𝑎𝑟 ( ) = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑁1 = 100% = 1
𝑁2 = 70% 𝑁1 = 0.7

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑄2 , 𝑃2 , ∆𝑃

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎. )
𝑘𝑊
2
1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ( 𝑚 )
𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃1
𝐻1 = = = 101.97 𝑚
𝛾 𝑘𝑁
9.807 3
𝑚
𝑄2 𝐷2 𝑁2 𝑁2
= ( ); = 0.7
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1 𝑁1

𝑄2
= (0.7)
100 𝑙𝑝𝑚
𝑸𝟐 = 𝟕𝟎 𝒍𝒑𝒎

𝑏. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝐻2
= (0.7)2
101.97 𝑚

𝐻2 = 49.4653 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝑃2 = 𝐻2 𝛾 = (49.4653𝑚) (9.807 )
𝑚3
1 𝑏𝑎𝑟
𝑃2 = 490 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ( )
100 𝑘𝑝𝑎
𝑷𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟗 𝒃𝒂𝒓
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛:
𝑃𝑝1 = 𝑄1 𝛾𝐻1
 𝑚3 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑝1 = 0.00167 (9.807 3 ) (101.97𝑚) ( )( )
𝑠 𝑚 𝑘𝑛 − 𝑚 𝑘𝐽
𝑠
𝑃𝑝1 = 1.67 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑝2 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃𝑝1 𝛾2 𝐷3 𝑁1

𝑃𝑝2
= (0.7)3
1.67 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑝2 = 0.573 𝑘𝑊
∆𝑃 = 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 1.67 𝑘𝑊 − 0.573 𝑘𝑊
∆𝑷 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝑾

4. A centrifugal pump operates at maximum efficiency when running at 3500 rpm and delivering 5
m3 /min at a total head of 40 m. Another pump of exactly the same characteristics is to be
installed to deliver 3 m3 /min. Recommend the operating speed and the head developed by this
pump. Ans. 2100 rpm; 14.4m

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑁1 = 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑚3
𝑄1 = 5
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐻1 = 40 𝑚
𝑚3
𝑄2 = 3
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑁2 , 𝐻2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑎. )
𝑄2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2
=( ) ( )
𝑄1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝑚3
3 𝑁2
=
5 𝑚3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑵𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎

𝑏. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1
 𝐻2 2100 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
=( )
40 𝑚 3500 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑯𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒 𝒎

5. A centrifugal pump running at 1750 rpm conveys 80 lps of cold water (15OC). The suction pipe
diameter is 250 mm and a discharge pipe diameter is 200 mm. A pressure gauge connected to
the inlet pipe reads 0.175 kg/cm2 vacuum and a discharge gage located 1m above inlet reads
105 kPa. If the driving motor rating is 12.5 kW, a) Calculate the pump’s efficiency. Ans. 85.7% b)
Determine the new discharge head and the brake power if the pump speed is increased to 3600
rpm. Assume constant efficiency. Ans. 57.8 m; 108.82 kW
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝑁1 = 1750 𝑟𝑝𝑚
1 𝑚3
𝑄1 = 80 𝑙𝑝𝑠 ( )
1000 𝑙
𝑡 = 15°𝐶
𝐷1 = 0.25𝑚
𝐷2 = 0.20 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
𝛾 = 9.7965 3
𝑚
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 100 𝑐𝑚 2 1 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎
𝑃1 = −0.175 (9.81 )( ) ( ) = −17.16 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎
𝑐𝑚2 𝑠2 1𝑚 1000 𝑃𝑎
𝑧2 = 1 𝑚
𝑃2 = 105 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎
𝑃1′ = 12.5 𝑘𝑊

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝜂𝑝 = 𝐻2 , 𝑃2′

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑃1 𝑣12 𝑃2 𝑣22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝑝 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝑚3
𝑄 0.08 𝑚
𝑣1 = =𝜋 𝑠 = 1.6297
𝐴1 (0.28 𝑚)2 𝑠
4
𝑚3
𝑄 0.08 𝑚
𝑣2 = =𝜋 𝑠 = 2.5465
𝐴2 (0.20 𝑚)2 𝑠
4

𝑚 2 𝑚 2
−17.16 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (1.6297
) (2.5465 )
+ 𝑠 + 𝐻 = 105 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎 + 𝑠 +1𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑚 𝑝
𝑘𝑁 𝑚
9.7965 3 2 (9.81 2 ) 9.7965 3 2 (9.81 2 )
𝑚 𝑠 𝑚 𝑠
 𝐻𝑝 = 13.66 𝑚
𝑚3 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑝1 = 𝑄1 𝛾𝐻1 = (0.08 ) (9.7965 3 ) (13.66𝑚) ( )( ) = 10.71 𝑘𝑊
𝑠 𝑚 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑘𝐽 − 𝑠
𝑃𝑝1 10.71 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑝 = = = 0.857
𝑃1 ′ 12.5 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑝 = 85.7%

𝑎. )
𝐻2 𝐷2 2 𝑁2 2
=( ) ( )
𝐻1 𝐷1 𝑁1
𝐻2 3600 𝑟𝑝𝑚 2
=( )
13.66 𝑚 1750 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑯𝟐 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟖 𝒎

𝑃2′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3
= ( ) ( )
𝑃1′ 𝛾1 𝐷1 𝑁1

𝑃2′ 3600 𝑟𝑝𝑚 3

=( )
12.5 𝑘𝑊 1750 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑷′𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟖𝟐 𝒌𝑾

6. A centrifugal pump has been designed to discharge 150 lps of sea water (relative density = 1.2).
The suction pipe is 300 mm and is at the same level as the discharge pipe which is 200 mm in
diameter. At the centerline of the suction flange, the vacuum is 154.2 mm Hg. The discharge
gauge reads 140 kPa and is connected 1.22 m above the discharge flange centerline. The pump
has an efficiency of 83% and is driven by a 40-kW electric motor that will not carry overload. The
design conditions have changed, and it is now desired to increase the capacity of the pump by
increasing the speed. The motor is so designed that its speed may be increased but its power
cannot exceed its design rating. Assuming the pump efficiency to remain constant, how much
can the pump capacity be increased without overloading the motor? Ans. 178.6 lps

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
1 𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑄1 = 150 𝑙𝑝𝑠 ( ) = 0.15
1000 𝑙 𝑠
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑆𝐺 = 1.2 → 𝛾 = 1.2 ( 9.807 3 ) = 11.7684 3
𝑚 𝑚
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃1 = −154.2 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 ( ) = −20.56 𝑘𝑃𝑎
760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑃2 = 140 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑧2 = 1.22 𝑚
𝐷1 = 0.3 𝑚
𝐷2 = 0.2 𝑚
𝜂𝑝 = 0.83 = 𝜂𝑝
1 2
𝑃′ = 40 𝑘𝑊

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:
𝑄2

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑃1 𝑣12 𝑃2 𝑣22
+ + 𝑧1 + 𝐻𝑝 = + + 𝑧2 + 𝐻𝐿
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝑚3
𝑄 0.15
𝑣1 = =𝜋 𝑠 = 2.12 𝑚
𝐴1 (0.3 𝑚)2 𝑠
4
𝑚3
𝑄 0.15
𝑣2 = =𝜋 𝑠 = 4.77 𝑚
𝐴2 (0.2 𝑚)2 𝑠
4

𝑚 2 𝑚 2
−20.56 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (2.12 𝑠 ) 140 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎 (4.77 )
𝑠
+ + 𝐻𝑝 = + + 1.22 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 2 (9.81 𝑚 ) 𝑘𝑁 2 (9.81 𝑚 )
11.7684 3 𝑠2 11.7684 𝑠2
𝑚 𝑚3
𝐻𝑝 = 𝐻1 = 15.79 𝑚
𝑚3 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑝1 = 𝑄1 𝛾𝐻1 = (0.15 ) (11.7684 3 ) (15.79 𝑚) ( )( ) = 27.87 𝑘𝑊
𝑠 𝑚 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑘𝐽 − 𝑠
𝑃𝑝 27.87 𝑘𝑊
𝑃1′ = 1 = = 33.58 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑝 0.83
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛,

𝑃2′ 𝛾2 𝐷2 3 𝑁2 3 𝑁2
= ( ) ( ) ; = 1.06
𝑃1 𝛾2 𝐷3 𝑁1 𝑁1
40 𝑘𝑊 𝑁2 3
=( )
33.58 𝑘𝑊 𝑁1

𝑄2 𝐷1 𝑁2
= ( )
𝑄1 𝐷2 𝑁1
𝑄2
= 1.06
150 𝑙𝑝𝑠

𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟗 𝒍𝒑𝒔
PROBLEM NO. 1
An air compressor takes in air at 105 kpa and compresses it isentropically at 750 kpa. If
the volume flow at discharge is 2.15 m3/s, determine the capacity of the compressor in cfm.

Given: Req’d:
p1 = 105 kPa V1 in ft3/min
p2 =750 kPa
V2 = 2.15 m3/s
Solution:
k = 1.4 for air
𝑆 = 𝐶 ; 𝑝𝑉 𝑘 = 𝐶 ; 𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑘 = 𝑝2 𝑉2 𝑘
𝑝2 1
𝑉1 = 𝑉2 ( )𝑘
𝑝1
𝑚3 750𝑘𝑃𝑎 1
𝑉1 = (2.15 )( )1.4 = 8.7568 𝑚3/ s
𝑠 105𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑚3 1𝑓𝑡 60𝑠 𝑓𝑡 3⁄
𝑉1 = 8.7568 ( )( 3 )3 ( ) = 1723.78 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠 0.3048𝑚 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝒇𝒕𝟑⁄
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒏

PROBLEM NO. 2
The suction pressure of an air compressor is atmospheric and discharge pressure is 5
times the suction pressure. If volume flow at suction is 0.8 m3/s, determine the compressor
power using pV1.45=C.

Given: Req’d:
p1 = 1 atm = 101.325 kPaa Wc
p2= 5p1 = 5(101.325) = 506.625 kPaa
V1 = 0.8 m3/s

Solution:
Since n = 1.45 ∴ process is polytropic
𝑝𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶 ; 𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑛 = 𝑝2 𝑉2 𝑛
𝑝1 1
𝑉2 = 𝑉1 ( )𝑛
𝑝2
𝑚3 1 1
𝑉2 = (0.8 )( )1.45 = 0.2637 𝑚3/ s
𝑠 5

𝑛(𝑝2 𝑉2 − 𝑝1 𝑉1 )
𝑊𝑐 =
1−𝑛
kN 𝑚3 kN 𝑚3
1.45 [(506.625 )(0.2637 ) − (101.325 )(0.8 )] 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊 − 𝑠
𝑚2 𝑠 𝑚2 𝑠
𝑊𝑐 = ( )( )
1 − 1.45 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 𝑘𝐽
 𝑾𝒄 = -169.29 kW

PROBLEM NO. 3

A centrifugal compressor receives 10m3/min of carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure,

27 C and delivers it at 750 kPaa. Neglecting changes in potential and kinetic energies,
O

determine the work in kW for a) an isothermal process; b) an isentropic process; c) a

polytrophic process where n=1.35.

Given: V1 = 10m3/min Req’d: WC if:

p1= 101.325 kPaa a) pV=C
t1= 27OC b) pVk=C
p2=750kPaa c) pVn=C
NOTE: Ratio of specific heat (k) of carbon dioxide= 1.28
Solution:

T1= 27+ 273 = 300 K p

𝟏𝟎𝑚3 𝒎𝒊𝒏 750kPaa

𝑉1 = ( )( )
min 𝟔𝟎𝒔 pV n =C

𝒎𝟑 pV k =C
= 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟕
𝒔 pV=C

101.325

𝑝
a ) 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 𝑝1
2

(101.325 kPaa)
𝑊𝑐 = (101.325 kN/𝑚2 )(0.167𝑚3 /s) 𝑙𝑛
(750 kPaa)
𝑾𝒄 = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟖𝟕 𝐤𝐖
𝑘(𝑝2 𝑉2 −𝑝1 𝑉1 )
b) 𝑊𝑐 = 1−𝑘

𝑝1 1
Since P1V1K= P2V2K; 𝑉2 = 𝑉1 ( )𝑘
𝑝2

101.325kpaa 1
V2 = (0.167𝑚3 /s)( )1.28 = 0.035𝑚3 /s
750kpaa
𝑚3 𝑚3
1.28[(750kPaa)(0.035 ) − (101.325kPaa)(0.167 )]
𝑠 𝑠
𝑊𝑐 =
1 − 1.28
 𝑾𝒄 = -42.65 kW
101.325kpaa 1
c) V𝟐 = (𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝑚3 /s)( 750kpaa
)1.35 = 0.038𝑚3 /s

𝑛(𝑝2 𝑉2 − 𝑝1 𝑉1 )
𝑊𝑐 = 1−𝑛
𝑚3
1.35[(750kPaa)(0.038𝑚3 /s) − (101.325kPaa)(0.167 )]
𝑠
𝑊𝑐 =
1 − 1.35
𝑾𝒄 = −𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔 𝐤𝐖

PROBLEM NO. 4

Air is compressed isentropically from 1atm, 32OC to 200 kPag. For 2000 kW of work
delivered and an actual discharge temperature of 172OC, determine a) the volume flow rate at
the suction port; b) the power input; c) the compressor efficiency. (ANS )

Given: p1 = 101.325 kPaa Req’d:

t1= 32 OC a) V1
p2= 200+101.325= 301.325 kPaa b) WC’
WC= 2000 kW c) ηC
t2’= 172OC
NOTE: Ratio of specific heat (k) of air= 1.4

Solution:
T1= 32+273 = 305 K ; T2’ = 172+273 = 445 K
1−𝑘
𝑝 ( 𝑘 )
a) 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 (𝑝1 ) =
2
1−1.4
101.325kPaa ( 1.4 )
𝑇2 = 305K ( ) =416.42 K
301.325kPaa

𝑊𝑐
𝑚=
𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
kJ
2000kW
𝑚 = ( s ) = 17.95 kg/s
1𝑘𝐽
( ) (416.42 − 305)𝑘 𝑘𝑊
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑘

Note: R = specific gas constant = 0.28708 kJ/kg-K

𝑚𝑅𝑇1
𝑉1 =
𝑝1
 17.95kg 𝑘𝐽
( ) (0.28708 ) (305𝐾)
s 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑉1 =
101.325𝑘𝑁
𝑚2
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟏 𝒎3/ s

b) 𝑊𝑐′ = 𝑚𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 ′ − 𝑇1 )

17.95kg 1𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑐′ = ( )( ) (445 − 305)𝐾
s 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

𝑾′𝒄 =2513 kW

𝑊
c) 𝜂𝑐 = 𝑊𝑐′ 𝑥100%
𝑐

2000
𝜂𝑐 = 𝑥 100%
2513
𝜼𝒄 =79.59 %
PROBLEM NO. 5

A vane type compressor with an efficiency of 80% compresses air from 100kPaa, 27OC. For a
compression ratio of 5.5, determine a) the ideal discharge temperature; b) the actual discharge
temperature; c) the input work. (ANS. 320.29 OC; 393.61 OC; 368.88 kJ/kg)

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:

𝜂𝑐 = 80%
𝑃1 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎
𝑡1 = 27°𝐶
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑟= = 5.5
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑:

𝑡2 , 𝑡2′ , 𝑊𝑐′
Note: Ratio of specific heat of air k=1.4

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑇1 = 27 + 273 = 300 𝐾

For ideal conditions; S= C; 𝑇1 𝑉1𝑘−1 = 𝑇2 𝑉2𝑘−1

𝑉1 𝑘−1
𝑎. ) 𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = 300 𝐾(5.5)1.4−1 = 593.29 𝐾 − 273 𝐾
𝑉2
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟗°𝑪

𝑏. )
𝑊𝑐 𝑚𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝜂𝑐 = =
𝑊𝑐′ 𝑚𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2′ − 𝑇1 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
(28.970 ) (1.0062 ) (593.29 𝐾 − 300 𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
0.80 =
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
(28.970 ) (1.0062 ) (𝑇2′ − 300 𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

𝑇2′ = 666.61 𝐾 − 273 𝐾

𝑻′𝟐 = 𝟑𝟗𝟑. 𝟔𝟏°𝑪

𝑐. )
𝑊𝑐′ = 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2′ − 𝑇1 )

𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑐′ = (1.0062 ) (666.61 𝐾 − 300 𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑐′ = 368.33
𝑘𝑔
PROBLEM NO. 6

A centrifugal compressor delivers 120 kg/min of air from 1 bar, 18OC to 2.2 bar, 107.7 OC. determine a)
the compressor efficiency; b) the output power; c) the entropy change. Ans. 81.97%; 147.97kW;
0.000664 kW/K.

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛:
𝜂𝑐 = 80%

𝑃1 = 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎

𝑇1 = 18°𝐶 + 273 𝐾 = 291 𝐾

𝑃2 = 2.2 𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 220 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎

𝑇2′ = 107.7°𝐶
𝑘𝑔 1
𝑚
̅ = 120 ( ) = 2 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

𝜂𝑐 , 𝑊𝑐′ , ∆𝑆
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑎. ) 𝐹𝑟𝑜 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠: 𝑆 = 𝐶; 𝑇1𝑘 𝑃11−𝑘 = 𝑇2𝑘 𝑝21−𝑘

 1−𝑘 1−1.4
𝑝1 𝑘 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎 1.4
𝑇2 = 𝑇1 ( ) = (291 𝐾) ( )
𝑝2 220 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎
𝑇2 = 18°𝐶 + 273 𝐾
𝑇2 = 291 𝐾
(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) (364.53 𝐾 − 29 𝐾)
𝜂𝑐 = ′ 𝑥 100% = 𝑥 100%
(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) (380.7 𝐾 − 291 𝐾)

𝜂𝑐 = 81.97%
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
̅𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) = 2
𝑏. ) 𝑊𝑐 = 𝑚 (1.0062 )(364.53 𝐾 − 291 𝐾)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

𝑊𝑐 = 147.97 𝑘𝑊
𝑇2 𝑝2
𝑐. ) ∆𝑆 = 𝑚
̅[𝑐𝑝 ln ( ) − 𝑅 ln ( )]
𝑇1 𝑝1
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 364.53 𝐾
2 [(1.0062 ) ln 2 [(1.0062 ) ln ( )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑠 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 291 𝐾
𝑘𝐽 220 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎 𝑘𝑊 − 𝑠
− (0.28708 ) ln ( )] ( )
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 100 𝑘𝑃𝑎𝑎 𝑘𝐽
𝑘𝑊
∆𝑆 = 0.000664
𝑘
PROBLEM NO. 7

A vane type compressor operating with a compression ratio of 7.5 receives 0.5 kg/min of CO2
(cp=0.8452 kJ/kg·K and cv=0.6561 kJ/kg·K) at 27℃ and delivers it at 750 kPaa. Neglecting changes in
potential and kinetic energies, determine the work in kW for a) an isothermal process; b) an isentropic
process; c) a polytropic process where n=1.35
PROBLEM NO. 8 A centrifugal compressor with a discharge of 12.5 m3 /s and an efficiency of 87%
delivers air while running at 10 000 rpm. Air enters the suction port at 1 atm, 30OC and is discharged at
4 atm. The outer radius of the impeller is 2.2 times that of the inner one. For a slip factor of 0.9,
determine a) the actual discharge temperature; b) the peripheral blade velocity; c) the impeller
diameter at outlet and inlet; d) the power input; e) the width of the impeller for a flow velocity of 100
m/s.