CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology of the research. It

incorporates the design, locale, instruments, validity and reliability, gathering and

processing procedures, statistical tools, and analysis and interpretation of data. It

also encompasses the theoretical concepts that further provide information about

the methods selection and application.

Research Design

The study will employ the descriptive-survey of research design in order

to determine the positive, negative, and reasons for postponing STEM student’s

decisions, the justifications of the students deciding depending on some certain

criteria, and the factors affecting the student’s decision.

This study uses descriptive research design. A descriptive research is a

type of research that is used to describe the characteristics of a population. A

descriptive survey research is an approach of descriptive research. Descriptive

survey design is a time-efficient research method and engages the people who

are at the center of the research objective. In using the descriptive survey design,

we can conduct a survey by giving survey questionnaires, observe and collect

valid and reliable responses, and analyze them. Surveys can be useful when a

researcher wants to collect data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed.

factors or variables (David, 2005).

Participants and Sampling Method of the Research

The respondents are forty (40) STEM Students of Panitan National High

School. They are composed of Grade 11 and Grade 12 students. These students

in different grade levels in Senior High School are randomly selected. The

number of respondents will be determined by the used of sampling method.

Table 1 below shows the data of the respondents.

Table 1. Participants Data

STEM Students Number of Respondents

Grade 11 15

Grade 12 25

Total 40

Locale of the Research

This study will be conducted at Panitan National High School. The

Panitan National High School is located at Pob. Ilawod, Panitan, Capiz.

The data needed for the study will be gathered, analyzed and tabulated

through the use of the researchers’ made survey questionnaires. This survey

questionnaires consists of two (2) parts. Part I consists of the respondents’

demographic factors such as their sex, age, grade and section, and civil status.

While, the Part II consists of questions affecting the decision making skill of the

STEM Students about COVID-19 Vaccine.

The researchers’ made instrument will be subjected to the content validity

and reliability testing.

The items or questions regarding on the decision making of STEM

Students about COVID-19 Vaccine is indicated on the Part II of the survey

questionnaires. The factors affecting the decision of STEM Students indicated

the degree of the respondents’ response - agreement or disagreement with the

following descriptions and numerical weights; 5 – Strongly Agree; 4 – Agree; 3 –

Uncertain; 2 – Disagree; 1 – Strongly Disagree.

Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire

To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, it will be subjected to face

validation zeroing on its content. The validators will be members of the panel of

the faculty of Senior High School of Panitan National High School.

will be administered to forty (40) STEM Students from Grade 11 and 12 in

Panitan National High School whom they are not included in the actual survey.

According to Garret (1978), the forty (40) respondents are enough number for

reliability testing.

An instrument is said to be reliable if it has the ability to elicit a correct, consistent

and dependable data from the respondents. The pilot-test also eliminates vague

instructions, confusing statements, and questions, unclear wording, leading

questions and faulty sequencing of questions (Belargo, 2014). Research

reliability is the degree to which research method produces stable and consistent

results. A specific measure is considered to be reliable if its application on the

same object of measurement number of times produces the same results.

Scoring Interval

The questions that tackles about the decisions made of STEM Students

regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine will be interpreted according to a scale and its

corresponding description is given below.

Score Scoring Interval Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 – 3.40 Uncertain

2 1.81 – 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00 – 1.80 Strongly Disagree

The gathered data will be tallied, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted

using descriptive and inferential statistics. The list of STEM Students who

participated in answering the survey questionnaires will be kept confidential. The

researchers will personally distribute and retrieve the questionnaire to and from

the respondents. The needed answers will be secured for the conduct of the

study about COVID-19 Vaccine and Decision Making Skills of STEM Students.

Data Analysis and Interpretation Procedure

To facilitate the analysis of the data, each item will be scored using the

scoring guide presented below. All data will be encoded in the computer using

Microsoft Excel. Excel encoded data will be then converted to Statistical Package

for Social Sciences (SPSS) file for processing and analysis.

The data gathered will be analyzed with the use of the following

statistical tools; frequency counts, percentage, mean, and t-test for independent

variables and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F- test.

Frequency and percentage will be used to analyze the individual related

variables of the respondents such as sex, age, grade and section, and civil

status. It is a display of data that specifies the percentage of observation that

method of expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and other data.

Mean will be used to compute the scores and equivalent ratings of respondents

in the questionnaire. It can prove to be an effective tool when comparing different

sets of data.

A t-test for independent variables will be used to determine the significant

difference between the COVID-19 vaccine and decision making skills of STEM

students when grouped according to sex. A t-test is often used in hypothesis

testing to determine whether a process or treatment actually has an effect on the

population of interest.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F- test will used to determine if a significant

difference existed in COVID-19 vaccine and decision making skills of STEM

students when grouped according to age, grade and section, and civil status. It

is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a

data set, in order to identify the model that best fits the population from which the

data were sampled.