UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

COLLEGE OF LAW

CRIMINAL LAW 1
1st Semester, AY 2022-2023

Judge Isagani G. Calderon

Email address: [email protected]

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Course Description:
A study of the characteristics of Criminal Law, the nature and classification of felonies, the
circumstances affecting criminal liability and the extent and extinction of criminal liabilities, as well
as the civil liability of the offender, the nature and manner of computation of penalties, complex
crimes, habitual delinquency, the application of the Indeterminate Sentence Law and the Probation
Law.

Scope and Methodology:

This is a course covering Book One of the Revised Penal Code (RPC), specifically Articles 1-113.
Daily gradated recitations, lectures, field observations and other written requirements may be
prescribed in the course of the semester. Recitation is called and graded daily; absence when called
for recitation merits an automatic grade of 5.0 for that session.

Grading:
Passing grade for the course is 75%. The final grade will be based on the following component
items and their respective weights: Graded Recitation – 40%; Midterm Examination – 30% and Final
Examination – 30%. Short quizzes and other requirements may be given in lieu of or in addition to
daily graded recitations; these will be considered part of the recitation.

Course Materials:
Primary course material is the Revised Penal Code and Special Penal Laws indicated in the
outline. You should have a book on the Codal Provisions of the Revised Penal Code and Special
Penal Laws and any of the following: Reyes, Luis B. The Revised Penal Code, Book One (Articles 1-
113) 2021 ed. or Boado, Leonor, Notes and Cases on the Revised Penal Code. Additional reading
materials include: Festin, Lito, Criminal Law Bar Reviewer and Campanilla, Mario, Special Penal
Laws, Rex Bookstore.

“Hate Evil, Love Good,

And You Will Maintain Justice in the Courts.”

Amos 5:15

COURSE OUTLINE

I. CRIMINAL LAW: INTRODUCTION

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 A. DEFINITION

 Ient v. Tullett Prebon, G.R. No. 189158, 11 January 2017

 Theories in Criminal Law: Classical and Positivist

B. STATE AUTHORITY TO PUNISH CRIMES

1. Sources of State Authority

i. Constitution
a. Section 5, Article II, 1987 Constitution
b. Section 1, Article VI, 1987 Constitution
ii. Revised Penal Code (RPC)
iii. Special Criminal Laws
iv. Penal Provisions in Other Laws
v. Local Ordinances
vi. Jurisprudence

2. Limitations to State Authority

i. Due Process and Equal Protection – Section 1, Article III, 1987

Constitution
- White Light Corp. v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846,
20 January 2009
- Garcia v. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, 25 June 2013

ii. Freedom of Expression – Section 4, Article III, Constitution

- Barnes vs. Glen Theatre, Inc., 501 U.S. 560
- Guingguing v. People, G.R. No. 128959, 30 September
2005.

iii. Freedom of Religion – Section 5, Article III, Constitution

i. Employment Division, Department of Human
Resources of Oregon vs. Smith, 494 U.S. 872
ii. Estrada vs. Escritor, 492 SCRA 1

iv. Section 14 (1), Article III, 1987 Constitution

v. Section 14 (2), Article III, 1987 Constitution

vi. Section 18 (1), Article III, 1987 Constitution

vii. Section 18 (2), Article III, 1987 Constitution

viii. No excessive fines nor cruel, degrading or inhuman

punishment – Sec. 19, Par. (1), Article III, Constitution
i. People vs. De la Cruz, 92 Phil. 906
ii. People vs. Echagaray, 267 SCRA 682
iii. RA 9346 Prohibition on the Imposition of Death
Penalty
iv. Mendoza vs. People, GR No. 183891, October 19,
2011
v. Corpuz v. People, G.R. No. 180016, 29 April 2014

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 ix. Section 19 (2) Article III, 1987 Constitution

x. Section 20, Article III, 1987 Constitution

xi. Bill of Attainder – Section 22, Article III, Constitution

- People vs. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382

xii. Ex post facto law – Section 22, Article III, Constitution

- US v. Diaz Conde, L-18208, 14 February 1922

xiii. Rule 115, Rules on Civil Procedure

xiv. Article 2, New Civil Code

xv. Pesigan vs. Angeles (129 SCRA 174)

xvi. Tañada vs. Tuvera (136 SCRA 27)

xvii. Applicable Provisions of Article V, Visiting Forces Agreement

(VFA)

C. PURPOSES OF CRIMINAL LAW

1. Identify Wrongful Behavior

2. Prescribe Punishment

- De Joya vs. Jail Warden of Batangas City, 417 SCRA 636

a. Retribution
b. Prevention
i. Deterrence
ii. Incapacitation
iii. Rehabilitation

D. CONSTRUCTION/INTERPRETATION OF CRIMINAL STATUTES

1. Liberality in Favor of the Accused

- People vs. Gatchalian (104 Phil 664)
- People vs. Sultan, 331 SCRA 216

2. Retroactive Application if Favorable to the Accused

- People vs. Valdez, 304 SCRA 611, 616-620 and 630-631
- Go vs. Dimagiba, 460 SCRA 451

3. Equipoise Doctrine
- People vs. Dindo, 349 SCRA 492
- People vs. Sayana, 405 SCRA 243

4. Void for Vagueness or Over breadth (Doctrine of Pro Reo)

- State vs. Metzger, 211 Neb. 593, 319 N.W. 2d 459
- Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394, 426-445

5. Spanish text of the RPC prevails over the English text

- People v. Abilong, L-1960, 26 November 1948.

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 6. Suppletory application of RPC to Special Penal Laws (Art. 10, RPC)
- Ladonga v. People, G.R. No. 141066, 17 February 2005
- People v. Simon, G.R. No. 93028, 29 July 1994

II. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL LAW

A. GENERALITY OF CRIMINAL LAW

 Article 14, New Civil Code of the Philippines

 Navales vs. Abaya, GR No. 162318, October 25, 2004

 Exceptions to the Generality Principle:

1. Principles of International Law

a. 1967 Convention on Consular Relations
b. Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
c. Schneckenburger vs. Moran (63 Phil. 249)
d. Liang vs. People (232 SCRA 652)
e. Minucher vs. CA, GR No. 142396, February 11, 2003

2. Laws of Preferential Application

a. Section 11, Article VI, 1987 Constitution
b. Bobis vs. Bobis, GR No. 138509, July 31, 2000
c. Nollara vs. People, GR No. 191425, September 7, 2011

3. Case Law
- Estrada vs. Desierto, GR No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001

4. Article V, VFA

B. PROSPECTIVITY OF CRIMINAL LAW

1. Articles 21 and 22, RPC

2. Article 4, New Civil Code
3. Gumabon vs. Director of Prisons (37 SCRA 420)
4. In Re: Kay Villegas Kami (35 SCRA 429)
5. People vs. Lacson (GR No.149453, October 7, 2003)

C. TERRITORIALITY OF CRIMINAL LAW

1. Article I, 1987 Constitution

2. Territorial Waters
a. French Rule
b. English Rule
c. Convention of the Law of the Sea
d. Spratly Islands
e. Kalayaan Islands or Scarborough Shoal
3. US vs. Ah Sing (36 Phil. 978)
4. People vs. Wong Cheng, 46 Phil 729
5. US vs. Look Chow, 18 Phil 573
6. Miquiabas vs. Commanding General (80 Phil 267)
7. People v. Tulin, G.R. No. 111709, 30 August 2001, 364 SCRA 10
8. AAA vs. BBB, GR No. 212448, January 11, 2018
9. Extraterritorial Application
i. Article 2, RPC
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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 ii. Flag State Rule
iii. Forgery: Articles 163, 166 and 169, RPC
iv. Public Officers: Articles 171, 210-213, 216-221, RPC (Function
Related Crimes)
v. National Security: 1140122, RPC
vi. Universal Crime

III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF FELONIES AND

CRIMINAL LIABILITY (“Actus not facit reum, nisi mens sit rea”)

A. DEFINITION OF FELONY – ART. 3

B. ELEMENTS OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY – ART. 3

1. Physical Element (Actus Reus)

a. Act
- Powell vs. Texas, 392 U.S. 514, 88
b. Omission

a. Articles 4, 116, 137, 208, 223, 234 and 275 (2), RPC
b. PD 953 and 1153
c. People vs. Sylvestre, 56 Phil. 353
d. People vs. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19

2. Mental Element (Mens Rea)

a. Deliberate Intent (Dolo)

i. Elements
ii. General and Specific Intent
 People vs. Puno, 219 SCRA 85
 People v. Delim, G.R. No. 142773, 28 January
2003

iii. Mistake of Fact

 U.S. vs. Ah Chong, 15 Phil. 488
 People vs. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257

iv. Malum Prohibitum – exception to the requirement

of mens rea

MALA IN SE and MALA PROHIBITA

DISTINCTIONS

 Estrada vs. Sandiganbayan, 369 SCRA 394

 Ysidoro vs. People, GR No. 192330, November
14, 2012
 Dungo vs. People, GR No. 209464, July 1, 2015
 Garcia vs. CA, GR No. 157171, March 14, 2006

v. Distinguished from Motive

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
  Motive and Criminal Intent
- Kummer vs. People, GR No. 174461,
September 11, 2013

 Proof of Motive Is Required

- People vs. Ferrera, June 18, 1987
- People vs. Asis, October 15, 2002
- Trinidad vs. People, June 13, 2012
- People vs. Obosa, April 2, 2002

 Proof of Motive Is Not Required

- People vs. Ferrera, supra

 Presence of Motive Indicates Criminal Intent

 Lack of Motive Is Not Indicative of Innocence

- People vs. Temblor (161 SCRA 623)
- People vs. Hassan (157 SCRA 261)
- People vs. Delim (January 29, 2003)
- Kummer vs. People, GR No. 174461,
September 11, 20134

b. Constructive Intent (Culpa) – Art. 3 and Art. 365

i. Elements
- People vs. Carmen (355 SCRA 267)
- Madeja vs. Caro (126 SCRA 293)

ii. Imprudence or Lack of Skill

iii. Negligence or Lack of Foresight

 People vs. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439

 Ivler vs. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17
November 2010.

iv. Distinguished from Dolo

 People vs. Buan (22 SCRA 1383)

c. Transferred Intent – Art. 4, Par. 1 (“El que de la cause del

mal causado”)

i. Aberratio ictus
- People vs. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307

ii. Error in personae

 People vs. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751, 796-797

iii. Praeter intentionem – Art. 13, Par. 3

- People vs. Albuquerque, 59 Phil. 150

3. Concurrence

4. Resulting Harm

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 5. Causation and Proximate Cause

 Bataclan v. Medina, L-10126, 22 October 1957, 102 Phil. 181

 People v. Iligan, G.R. No. 75369, 26 November 1990
 Urbano v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 72964, 7 January
1988
 Definition of Proximate Cause: Belbis vs. People, November 14,
2012
 Efficient Intervening Cause
- Villacorta Vs. People, September 7, 2011
- People vs. Tadeo, September 17, 2002
- People vs. Acuram, April 27, 2000

C. LIABILITY FOR INCOMPLETE ELEMENTS

1. Impossible Crime – Art. 4, Par. 2

 Intod vs. Court of Appeals, 215 SCRA 52

 People vs. Saladino, 89 Phil. 807
 Jacinto vs. People, July 13, 2009

2. Not Consummated Crimes

a. Attempted Felonies
i. Article 6, RPC
ii. People vs. Campuhan (March 30, 2000)
iii. People vs. Lopez (312 SCRA 684; 1999)
v. People vs. Lizada , GR No. 143468-71,January 24, 03
vi. Colinares vs. People, December 13, 2011
vii. People vs. Caballero, 400 SCRA 424
viii. Pentecostes vs. People, April 7, 2010
ix. Cruz vs. People, October 8, 2014
x. People vs. Bandril, July 6, 2015
xi. Canceran vs. People, July 1, 2015

b. Frustrated Felonies
- People vs. Mision (194 SCRA 432)
- People vs. Erina 50 Phil 998
- People vs. Abella, October 7, 2013
- People vs. Padayuman, January 23, 2002

3. Consummated Crimes

 People vs. Ricalde, January 21, 2015

 People vs. Bustinera, January 8, 2004
 Medina vs. People, June 17, 2015
 Valenzuela vs. People, June 21, 2007
 Rivera v. People, G.R. No. 166326, 25 January 2006,
480 SCRA 188
 Baleros v. People, G.R. No. 138033, 22 February 2006,
483 SCRA 10

D. LIABILITY FOR CRIMES WITH COMPLETE ELEMENTS

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 1. Article 6, RPC
2. Relate to Articles 134 and 134-A, RPC
3. People vs. Orita, 184 SCRA 105
4. People vs. Sanchez (250 SCRA 14)
5. People vs. Salvilla, 184 SCRA 671
6. People vs. Dalisay, 408 SCRA 375
7. People vs. Nequia, 412 SCRA 628
8. Light Felonies Punishable Only When Consummated – Art. 7 and
Art. 9, par.3

E. STAGES OF EXECUTION IN RELATION TO SPECIFIC FELONIES

1. Theft
- Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No. 160188, 21 June 2007

2. Illegal Trespass
- People v. Lamahang, L-43530, 3 August 1935, 61 Phil. 703

3. Physical Injuries, Homicide, and Murder

- People v. Borinaga, G.R. No. 33463, 18 December 1930, 55 Phil.
433
- People v. Kalalo, G.R. No. 39303-05, 17 March 1934, 59 Phil. 715
- People v. Trinidad, G.R. No. 79123-25, 9 January 1989, 169 SCRA
51
- Martinez v. CA, G.R. No. 168827, 13 April 2007.
- Mondragon v. People, L-17666, 30 June 1966, 17 SCRA 476
- People v. Sy Pio, L-5848, 30 April 1954, 94 Phil. 885

4. Robbery
- People v. Dio, L-36461, 29 June 1984, 130 SCRA 151
- People v. Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, 26 April 1990.

5. Rape
- People v. Orita, G.R. No. 88724, 3 April 1990, 184 SCRA 105
- People v. Campuhan, G.R. No. 129433, 30 March 2000

6. Arson
 US v. Valdes, L-14128, 10 December 1918.

F. FORMAL CRIMES: NO ATTEMPTED AND FRUSTRATED STAGE

 Slander, Perjury, False Testimony, Illegal Possession

 Physical Injuries
 Acts of Lasciviousness
 Coup d’etat
 Culpable Felony

F. COMMON LIABILITY FOR CONSPIRATORS – ARTICLE 8

1. Express Conspiracy

- People vs. Pepino, June 12, 2016

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 - Angeles vs. CA, March 28, 2011
- Jaca vs. People, January 8, 2013

2. Implied Conspiracy:

- People vs. Liad, 355 SCRA 11

- People vs. Agudez, May 20, 2004
- People vs. Lindo, December 27, 2002

3. Conspiracy as a Crime

4. Conspiracy as A Mode of Incurring Criminal Liability

a. Collective Responsibility

- People vs. Caballero, 400 SCRA 424

- People vs. Reyes, 399 SCRA 528
- People vs. Patano, 399 SCRA 90
- People vs. Gonzales, 357 SCRA 460
- People vs. Natividad, 411 SCRA 587
- People vs. Lascano, March 21, 2012

b. Act in Furtherance of Conspiracy

- People vs. Berroya, December 12, 1997

c. Mastermind

- People vs. Vera, August 18, 1999

- People vs. Comiling, March 4, 2004
- People vs. Janjalani, January 10, 2011

5. Community of Design

 Concurrence After the Cospirators Decided to Commit a Crime

 Concurrence While the Crime Is in progress
 Non Concurrence

6. Detaching From Conspiracy

a. Before the Commission of the Crime

- People vs. Anticamaray, June 8, 2011
- People vs. Nunez, July 23, 1997

b. Crime in Progress
- People vs. Nunez, supra

d. After the Commission of the Crime

- People vs. Bacbac, September 11, 2007

7. Imputability Doctrine

a. People v. Dela Torre, January 13, 2004

b. Go Tan vs. Go, September 30, 2008
c. People vs. Go, March 25, 2014
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Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 d. Marcos vs. Sandiganbayan, October 6, 1988

8. Commission of Other Crimes

a. Killing of a Third Person: People vs. Ventura, July 5, 2004

b. Rape in the Course of Robbery: People vs. Castro, March 14, 2012;
People vs. Orrosco, March 25, 2015
c. Multiple Conspiracies:
Wheel Conspiracy: GMA vs. People, July 19, 2016
Chain Conspiracy: Fernan vs. People, August 24, 2007

G. CLASSIFICATION OF FELONIES

 Article 9: Grave, Less Grave and Light Felonies

 See RA 10951: An Act Adjusting the Amount or the Value of
Property and Damage on Which a Penalty is Based and the
Fines Imposed Under the Revised Penal Code, Amending
for the Purpose Act No. 3815, Otherwise Known as "The
Revised Penal Code", as Amended

H. LIABILITY UNDER SPECIAL LAWS: Article 10, RPC

1. Prosecution For Both Felony and Offense

a. Violation of BP 22 and Estafa

b. Ilegal Recruitment, Trafficking and Estafa

- People vs. Dela Cruz, June 26, 2017

- People vs. Solina, January 13, 2016

c. Violation of RA 3019 and Felonies

- Ramiscal vs. Sandiganbayan, April 18, 2006

d. Torture, Maltreatment and Physical Injuries

e. Cybercrime

2. Special Acts Punished by RPC OR Special Laws

IV. CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL

LIABILITY

A. JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCES (RPC, ART 11);

1. SELF- DEFENSE; DEFENSE OF RELATIVES AND STRANGERS;

DEFENSE OF PROPERTY; DEFENSE OF REPUTATION

- Soplente vs. People, July 29, 2005

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
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Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 -
People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20 April 1983, 121 SCRA
389 (see also dissents of J. Abad Santos and J. Gutierrez,
Jr.)
- Nacnac vs. People, March 21, 2012
- People vs. Roman, July 13, 2013
- People vs. Malicdem, November 12, 2012
- People vs. De Leon, March 23, 2015
- People vs. Samson, September 2, 2015
- Belbis vs. people, November 14, 2012
- Nadyahan vs. People, March 2, 2016
- People vs. Roxas, February 10, 2016
2. STATE OF NECESSITY (AVOIDANCE OF GREATER EVIL)

- People v. Ricohermoso, 56 SCRA 431 (1974)

- People vs. Padernal, March 29, 1974
- Bagajo vs. Marave, November 20, 1978
- People vs. Umaguing, August 31, 1981

3. FULFILLMENT OF DUTY OR LAWFUL EXISTENCE OF RIGHT

- People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 (1922)

- People v. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257 (1943)
- People vs. Lagata, 83 Phil. 150
- Valcorza vs. People, October 31, 1969
- Mamangun v. People, G.R. No. 149152, 2 February
2007
- People v. Dagani, G.R. No. 153875, 16 August 2006,
499 SCRA 64
- Sycip vs. CA, March 17, 2000

4. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIOR ORDER

- Tabuena v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 332 (1997)

- People vs. Tulin, 364 SCRA 10
- People vs. Margen, March 30, 1950

5. BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME

- People vs. Genosa, 341 SCRA 493; 419 SCRA 537

(BUT see Sec. 26 in relation to Sec. 3, par. D (4c), R.A.
9262)
- RA 9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Act of 2004)

B. EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES (RPC, ART. 12)

1. INSANITY AND IMBECILITY

a. People vs. Tibon, June 29, 2010

b. People vs. Pambid, March 15, 2000
c. Test of Cognition and Test of Volition
d. People vs. Bulagao, October 5, 2011
e. People v. Villa Jr., 331 SCRA 142 (2000);
f. People vs. Verdadero, March 2, 2016
g. People vs. Garchitorena, August 28, 2009
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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 h. People vs. Bulagao, October 5, 2011
g. People v. Robios, G.R. No. 138453, 29 May 2002, 382
SCRA 581
h. People v. Opuran, G.R. Nos. 147674-75, 17 March 2004,
425 SCRA 654
i. People vs. Butiong, October 19, 2011
j. Verdadero v. People, G.R. No. 216021, 2 March 2016
k. See also: Maria Diory F. Rabajante, The Privilege of Being
Insane: An Examination of, and a Saner Alternative to the
Insane Rule on Insanity Defense, 49 San Beda L.J. 1 (March
2012)

2. MINORITY

a. RA 9344 (Act Establishing a Comprehensive Juvenile

Justice System) as amended by RA 10630.
b. People v. Estepano, 307 SCRA 707 (1999);
c. Llave vs. People, April 26, 2006;
d. People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939);
e. People vs. Jacinto, March 16, 2011
f. Jose vs. People, January 13, 2005
g. People vs. Cortezano, September 23, 2003
h. Ortega v. People, G.R. No. 151085, 20 August 2008
i. People v. Mantalaba, G.R. No. 186227, 20 July 2011.
j. People vs. Arpon, December 4, 2011
k. People vs. Monticalvo, January 30, 2013
l. People vs. Jacinto, March 16, 2011

3. ACCIDENT

a. People vs. Fallorina, March 4, 2004

b. People v. Agliday, 367 SCRA 273 (2001);
c. People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 172695, 29 June 2007, 526
SCRA 215
d. People v. Retubado, G.R. No. 124058, 10 December 2003
e. Pomoy v. People, G.R. No. 150647, 29 September 2004, 439
SCRA 439

4. IRRESISTIBLE FORCE/UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR

“Actus Me Invito Factus Non Est Meus Factus”

a. People vs. Dequina, January 19, 2011

b. Manansala vs. people, December 9, 2015
c. People vs. Baldogo, 396 SCRA 31
d. People v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 127755, 14 April 1999, 305
SCRA 740

5. INSUPERABLE OR LAWFUL CAUSE

a. U.S. v. Vincentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911);

b. People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936);

C. OTHER EXCULPATORY CAUSES

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 1. INSTIGATION

i. Differences of Instigation and Entrapment

ii. People vs. espiritu, January 9, 2013
iii. People vs. Dansico, February 23, 2011
iv. People vs. bartolome, February 6m 2013
v. People vs. Bayani, June 17, 2008

2. PARDON

i. RPC, Arts. 23, 266-C;

3. ABSOLUTORY CAUSES

i. RPC, Arts. 6(3), 7, 20, 16, 247, 280, 332, 344;

ii. People v. Oyanib, 354 SCRA 196 (2001);
iii. People vs. Talisic, September 5, 1997
iv. Intestate Estate of Gonzales vs. People, February 11, 2010
v.

4. ACTS NOT COVERED BY LAW AND IN CASE OF EXCESSIVE

PUNISHMENT

i. RPC, Art. 5;
ii. People v. Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244 (1995);

D. MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES (RPC, ART. 13)

PRIVILEGED MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

 Art. 13 (2) and Art. 68

 Art. 13 (1) and Art. 69
 People v. Jaurigue, G.R. No. 384, 21 February 1946, 76 Phil. 174
 People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20 April 1983, 121 SCRA 389
 People v. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, 20 September 2000
 Guillermo v. People, G.R. No. 153287, 20 January 2009.

1. INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION/EXEMPTION

i. People vs. Jaurigue, supra

ii. People vs. Narvaez, supra

2. UNDER 18 OR OVER 70 YEARS OF AGE

i. RA 9344
ii. People vs. Cortezano, 411 SCRA 431

ORDINARY MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 3. NO INTENTION TO COMMIT SO GRAVE A WRONG

i. People vs. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439;

ii. People vs. Gonzales, 359 SCRA 352
iii. People vs. Canete, 410 SCRA 544
iv. People vs. Maglian, March 30, 2011
v. Seguritan vs. People, April 19, 2010
vi. Wacoy vs. People, June 22, 2015

4. SUFFICIENT PROVOCATION OR THREAT

i. People v. Pagal, 79 SCRA 570 (1977);

ii. Urbano v. People, G.R. No. 182750, 20 January 2009

5. IMMEDIATE VINDICATION OF A GRAVE OFFENSE

i. People vs. Espina, 361 SCRA 701

ii. People vs. Benito, 74 SCRA 271
iii. Bacabac v. People, G.R. No. 149372, 11 September 2007

6. PASSION OR OBFUSCATION

i. People v. Rabanillo, 307 SCRA 613 (1999);

ii. People v. Germina, 290 SCRA 146 (1998);
iii. People vs. Gelaver, 223 SCRA 310
iv. People vs. Ignas, 412 SCRA 311;
v. People vs. Bates, 400 SCRA 95
vi. Donofrate vs. People, 412 SCRA 357
vii. People vs. Comillo, November 25, 2009

7. VOLUNTARY SURRENDER

i. People vs. Tabarnero, February 24, 2010

ii. People vs. Agacer, December 14, 2011
iii. People vs. Salle, January 21, 2010
iv. People vs. Del Castillo, January 18, 2012
v. Peole vs. Castillano, April 2, 2003
vi. Luces vs. People, 395 SCRA 524
vii. People vs. Basite, 412 SCRA 558

8. PLEA OF GUILT

i. People vs. Juan, January 14, 2004

ii. People vs. Montinola, January 9, 2001
iii. People vs. Ibanez, 407 SCRA 406

9. PHYSICAL DEFECTS AND ILLNESS

i. People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999);

ii. People v. Parazo, G.R. No. 121176, July 8, 1999;
iii. People vs. Formigones, supra
iv. People vs. Deopante, October 30, 1996
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 10. OTHER RELATED CIRCUMSTANCES

i. Family Man: People vs. Castro, December 3, 1929

ii. No Damage: People vs. Pol, July 30, 1937
iii. Victim Bad Person: People vs. Canja, May 30, 1950
iv. Extreme Poverty: People vs. Macbul, 74 Phil 436
v. People vs. Agustin, March 21, 1966
vi. People vs. Velasquez, 72 Phil 98
vii. Canta v. People, G.R. No. 140937, 28 February 2001

E. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES

 CLASSIFICATION OF AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES:

ORDINARY, SPECIAL, QUALIFYING AND INHERENT

1. PLACE OF COMMISSION

a. Palace of the Chief Executive, etc., or in a Place of

Religious Worship
- People vs. Jaurigue, supra

b. Dwelling
- People vs. Almoguerra (415 SCRA 647)
- People vs. Daniela, 401 SCRA 519
- People vs. Bagsit, 409 SCRA 350

c. Uninhabited Place

- People vs. Corpuz, February 24, 1960

- People vs. Torres, January 16, 2004
- People vs. Agoncillo, May 23, 2001
- People vs. Damaso, 86 SCRA 370
- People vs. Coderes, 130 SCRA 134

2. TIME OF COMMISSION
i. Nighttime
- People vs. Clarino, July 31, 2011
- People vs. Banhaon, June 15, 2004
- People vs. Demate, January 20, 2004
- People vs. Avendano, 396 SCRA 309
- People vs. Caloza, 396 SCRA 329
- People vs. Oco, 412 SCRA 190
- People vs. Mactal, 401 SCRA 612

ii. On the Occasion of a Calamity

- People vs. Arpa, April 25, 1969

3. PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF OFFENDER

i. Recidivism
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 - People vs. Baldera, 86 Phil. 189

ii. Reiteration or Habituality

- RPC, Arts. 62(5), 160
- People v. Gaorana, 289 SCRA 652 (1998)
- People v. Baldogo, G.R. No. 129106-07, January 24,
2003;

4. PRICE, PROMISE, OR REWARD

5. MEANS OF COMMISSION

a. Taking Advantage of Public Office

- RPC, Art 19(3);

- People vs. Sumaoy (Oct0ber 22, 1996)
- People v. Gapasin, 231 SCRA 728 (1994)

b. Insult to Public Authority

- People vs. Tiongson, 130 SCRA 614

- People vs. Magdueño, 144 SCRA 210

c. Disregard of Rank, Age, or Sex

- People v. Paraiso, 319 SCRA 422 (1999)

- People vs. Arizobal, 341 SCRA 143
- People vs. Bajar, 414 SCRA 494

d. Abuse of Confidence

- People vs. Bautista, July 25, 1975

- People vs. Zea, June 29, 1984
- People vs. Mandolado, 123 SCRA 133
- People vs. verdad, May 16, 1983

e. Inundation, Fire, Poison , Explosives

- People vs. Cedenio, June 27, 1994

- People vs. Lao Wan Sing, December 17, 1966
- People vs. Comadre, September 22, 2010

f. Evident Premeditation

- People vs. Baldogo, 396 SCRA 31

- People vs. Delada, 399 SCRA 538
- People vs. Aposaga, 414 SCRA 69
- People vs. Gialolo, 414 SCRA 278
- People vs. Sabangan, December 11, 2013
- People vs. Alinao, September 18, 2013
- People vs. Carandang, July 6, 2011
- People vs. Patelan, June 6, 2011
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 g. Aid of Persons Who Insure or Afford Impunity

h. Craft, Fraud, Disguise

- People vs. Forneste, September 30, 1982

- People v. Marquez, 117 SCRA 165 (1982)
- People v. Empacis, 222 SCRA 59 (1993)
- People vs. Lab-eo, January 16, 2002
- People vs. reyes, March 9, 1998
- People vs. Feliciano, Jr., May 5, 2014

i. Band

- People vs. Lozano, September 29, 2003

- People vs. Polores (230 SCRA 279)
- People vs. Buayaban, 400 SCRA 48

j. Weaken the Defense

- People vs. Tunhawan, October 27, 1988

m. Abuse of Superior Strength

- People v. Rollon, 410 SCRA 295

- People vs. Hugo (410 SCRA 62)
- People vs. Roxas, 410 SCRA 451
- People vs. Gregorio, 412 SCRA 90
- People vs. Garchitorena, August 28, 2009

n. Aid of Armed Men

- People vs. Carino, June 15, 2004

- People vs. Enoja, March 10, 2014
- People vs. Lazano, September 21, 2003

o. Treachery

- People vs. Escote, 400 SCRA 603

- People vs. Caraig, 400 SCRA 67
- People vs. Abut, 401 SCRA 498
- People vs. Escarlos, 410 SCRA 463
- People vs. De la Cruz, 416 SCRA 24
- People vs. Cuesta, November 23, 2015
- People vs. Fallorina, March 4, 2004
-

p. Ignominy

- People vs. Jose, 37 SCRA 450

- People vs. Fernandez, March 22, 1990
- People vs. Butler, 120 SCRA 281
- People vs. Saylan, 130 SCRA 159
- People vs. Sultan, 331 SCRA 216
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 - People v. Siao, 327 SCRA 231 (2000)
- People vs. Bernabe, October 16, 2009
- People vs. Lozano, September 25, 1998
- People vs. Cortezano, September 23, 2003
- People vs. Valla January 24, 2000
- People vs. Crisostomo, January 29, 2014

q. Unlawful Entry

- People v. Baello, 224 SCRA 218 (1993)

- People vs. Uycoque, 246 SCRA 768

r. Breaking a Wall, Door, etc.

- People vs. Astudillo, 401 SCRA 723

- People vs. Oco, 412 SCRA 190

s. With the Aid of Persons Under 15, or with Motor

Vehicles, etc.

- People vs. Ong (January 30, 1975)

- People vs. Astudillo, 401 SCRA 723
- People vs. Salahuddin, January 18, 2016

t. Cruelty

- People v. Ilaoa, 233 SCRA 231 (1994)

- People vs. Allan, 245 SCRA 549
- People vs. Sibonga, 404 SCRA 10
- People vs. Salamillo, 404 SCRA 211
- People vs. Simangan, July 8, 2004

F. ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES (RPC, ART. 15)

1. RELATIONSHIP

- People v. Atop, 286 SCRA 157 (1998)

- People vs. Ulit, February 23, 2004

2. INTOXICATION

- People vs. Ibanez, 407 SCRA 406

- People vs. Bajar, 414 SCRA 494
- People vs. Mosende, 371 SCRA 446
- People vs. Fontillas, December 15, 2010
- People vs. patelan, June 6, 2011

3. DEGREE OF INSTRUCTION AND EDUCATION

- People vs. Gorospe, February 19, 1959

- People vs. Agustin, March 31, 1966
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 - People vs. Borja, July 12, 1979
- People vs. Ang, October 8, 1985
- People v. Galigao, G.R. No.140961-63, January 14, 2003;

V. PERSONS CRIMINALLY LIABLE

A. PRINCIPALS – ARTICLE 18

1. By Direct Participation

- People vs. Tampis, July 31, 2003

- People v. Nunag, 173 SCRA 274 (1989)
- People v. Doria, 301 SCRA 668 (1999)
- People vs. Reyes, 399 SCRA 528
- People vs. Duetes, February 6, 2004
- People vs. Esponilla, June 20, 2003

2. By Induction

- People v. Yamson-Dumancas, 320 SCRA 584 (1999)

- People v. Bolivar, 317 SCRA 577 (1999)
- People v. Dela Cruz, 97 SCRA 385 (1980)

3. By Indispensable Cooperation

- People v. Maluenda, 288 SCRA 225 (1998)

- People v. Montealegre, 161 SCRA 700 (1988)
- People vs. Bulan, June 8, 2005
- People vs. Suarez, April 15, 2005

B. ACCOMPLICES

a. RPC, Art 18;

b. People vs. Sunga, 399 SCRA 624
c. People vs. Pilola, 405 SCRA 134
d. Comelec vs. Espanol, 417 SCRA 554
e. People vs. maliao, July 31, 2009
f. People vs. Gamboa, October 1, 2013
g. Garces v. People, G.R. No. 173858, 17 July 2007
h. People vs. Yau, August 20, 2014
i. People vs. Tomas, February 16, 2011

C. ACCESSORIES

a. RPC, Arts. 19, 20

b.Pres. Dec. No. 1612
c. PD 1829
d.People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978)
e. People v. Cui, 314 SCRA 153 (1999)
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 f. People vs. Ortega, 276 SCRA 166
g.Dizon-Pamintuan v. People, G.R. No. 111426, 11 July 1994

PENALTIES

I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PENALTIES

A. P URPOSE OF P ENALTIES

B. T HEORIES J USTIFYING P ENALTIES

C. C ONSTITUTIONAL P ROHIBITIONS

1. Constitution (1987), Art. 111, Secs. 18(1) & (2), 19(1), 20, 22
2. People v. Valdez, 304 SCRA 611 (1999)

D. Art. 21 – Nullum Crimen Nulla Poena Sine Lege

E. Art. 22 – Retroactivity

1. RPC, Arts. 21, 22 Civil Code, Art. 4

2. Favorable Law and Non-Habitual Delinquency
3. People vs. Morilla, GR No. 189833, February 5, 2014
4. People v. Talaro, GR No. 176781, March 20, 2012
5. People vs. Buayaban, 400 SCRA 48
6. Effect of Repeal of Penal Laws
a. Absolute Repeal
b. Partial Repeal
c. General Repeal
d. Effects of Amendment

F. Art. 23 – Pardon

1. See also Article 36, RPC

2. RA 8353
3. People vs. Lim, 206 SCRA 176
4. People vs. Makilang, October 23, 2005

G. Article 24 - Measures Not Considered Penalties

- See also Family Code, Articles 228-229

II. CLASSIFICATION OF PENALTIES: IMPOSABLE

PENALTIES AND THEIR GRADATION (ART. 25), DURATION
AND EFFECTS

A. Principal Penalties
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 1. Death/Capital Punishment

a. Sec. 19, Art. III of the Constitution

b. Related Laws:

i. RA 7659, Imposition of the Death Penalty

ii. RA 8177, Implementing Rules and Regulations
iii. Arts. 40 and 47, 81-85, RPC
iv. RA 9346 (2006), Suspension

c. Cases

i. Harden vs. Director of Prisons, 81 Phil. 741

ii. People vs. Veneracion, 249 SCRA 244
iii. People vs. Esparas, 260 SCRA 539
iv. People vs. Echegaray, 267 SCRA 682
v. People vs. Galigao, January 14, 2003
vi. People vs. Domantay, May 11, 1999
vii. People vs. Empante, April 21, 1999
viii. People vs. Mahinay, February 1, 1999
ix. People vs. Leonor, March 25, 1999
x. People vs. Paraiso, November 29, 1999

2. Afflictive Penalties (Articles 27, 41-42)

a. Reclusion Perpetua

i. RA 7659
ii. As Indivisible Penalty
iii. People vs. Gatward, 267 SCRA 785
iv. People vs. Alvarado, 275 SCRA 727
v. People vs. Latupan, 360 SCRA 60
vi. People vs., Bates, 400 SCRA 95
vii. People vs. Gamayao, 414 SCRA 539

viii. Different from Life Imprisonment

 People vs. Gregorio, 255 SCRA 380

 People vs. Ballabare, 265 SCRA 350
 People vs. Lucas, 288 SCRA 296
 People vs. Saberola, 297 SCRA 733

b. Reclusion Temporal – Article 27

c. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification – Article 30

d. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification – Article 31, 32

e. Prision Mayor – Article 27, 42

3. Correctional Penalties – Arts. 27, 39, 43, & 44

a. Prision Correccional – Article 43

b. Arresto Mayor – Article 44

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 c. Suspension
d. Destierro

- See RA 6127 as Amended by EO 214

4. Light Penalties - Art. 27, 39, & 44

a. Arresto Menor

b. Public Censure

5. Penalties Common to Afflictive, Correctional and Light Penalties

a. PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT – Article 29

See RA 10592 AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLES 29, 94, 97,

98 AND 99 OF ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE REVISED PENAL CODE

b. Fines - Art. 26, 39, 66

c. Bond to keep the peace - Art. 27, 35

B. Accessory Penalties

1. Perpetual or Temporary Absolute Disqualification

Article 32

2. Perpetual or Temporary Special Disqualification

Article 33

3. Suspension from Public Office, the Right to Vote and Be Voted for, the
Profession or Calling
Article 34

4. Civil Interdiction
Article 34
Maquilan vs. Maquilan, June 8, 2007

5. Indemnification

6. Bond – Article 35

7. Forfeiture or Confiscation of the Instruments and

Proceeds of the Offense
Article 45
PDEA vs. Brodett, GR No. 196390, September 28, 2011

8. Payment of Costs and Order of Payment – Article 37, 38

C. Subsidiary Penalty – Art. 39, RA 5465

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  See RA 10159: AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLE 39 OF ACT NO.
3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE REVISED
PENAL CODE

 Fine Only
 Fine and Imprisonment
 Fine With Subsidiary Imprisonment
 Subsidiary Destierro
 Mandatory Payment of Fine

III. GRADATION OF FELONIES - ARTICLE 9

IV. APPLICATION AND COMPUTATION OF PENALTIES

A. GENERAL RULES
* See Articles 5, 21, 23, 28, 29, 46, 73 – 77

APPLICATION OF PENALTIES

1. Degree and Period

2. Prescribed Penalty in Period and Proper Imposable Period

3. Maximum Penalty and Minimum Penalty

4. Compound Penalty and Complex Penalty

5. Indivisible Penalty and Divisible Penalty

6. Penalty Containing Three Periods

7. Penalty Not Composed of Three Periods

8. Complex Penalty

9. Imposition of Indivisible Penalties

a. Single Indivisible Penalty
b. Two Indivisible Penalty
c. Eligibility for Parole

10. Imposition of Divisible Penalty

11. Fixing The Penalty

GRADUATION OF PENALTIES

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 1. Principals, Accomplices and Accessories in Consummated, Frustrated
and Attempted Felonies

a. RPC, Arts. 46, 50-57, 60-61

b. People v. Campuhan, supra

2. Effects of Mitigating and Aggravating Circumstances

a. RPC, Arts. 62-64, 67, 69

b. Lacanilao v. CA, 162 SCRA 563 (1988)

3. Rules For Graduating Penalties

a. General Rule
b. Penalty in Period
c. Penalty in Full and Penalty in Period
d. Graduating Death One Degree Lower
e. Graduating Reclusion Perpetua One Degree Lower

B. PLURALITY OF CRIMES: LIABILITY FOR

MULTIPLE, COMPLEX, AND CONTINUING CRIMES

1. Article 48

2. Compound Crime (Dlito Compuesto)

 People v. Tabaco, G.R. No. 100382, 19 March 1997

 People v. Valdez, G.R. No. 127663, 11 March 1999
 People v. Sanchez, G.R No. 131116, 27 August 1999, 313 SCRA
254

3. Complex Crime Proper (Delito Complejo)

 People vs. Hernandez, L-6025-26, 18 July 1956, 99 Phil. 515

 Enrile vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163, 5 June 1990, 184 SCRA 217
 People v. Garcia, G.R. No. 141125, 28 February 2002
 Batulanon v. People, G.R. No. 139857, 15 September 2006

a. Kinds

b. Principle of Pro Reo in Criminal Law

c. Rebellion

i. People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515

ii. People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 99
iii. Ponce Enrile v. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217
iv. RA 6968

d. Related Cases

i. People vs. Escober, 157 SCRA 541

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 ii. People vs. Velasquez, 345 SCRA 728
iii. People vs. Delos Santos, 355 SCRA 415
iv. People vs. Gonzalez, 359 SCRA 362
v. Ponteverda. vs. People, 387 SCRA 196
vi. People vs. Comadre, 431 SCRA 366

e. Single Larceny Doctrine

i. Santiago vs. Garchitorena, 228 SCRA 219

ii. People vs. Tabaco, 270 SCRA 32
iii. People vs. Sanchez, GR No. 131116, August 29, 1999

f. Reckless Imprudence

i. Reodica vs. CA, 242 SCRA 87

ii. In re: Jason Ivler case
g. Two-Tiered Penalties

h. Instances Where There are No Complex Crimes

4. Continuing Crime (Delito Continuado)

 People v. Madrigal-Gonzales, L-16688, 30 April 1963

 Gamboa v. Court of Appeals, L-41054, 28 November 1975
 People v. Mallari, G.R. No. L-58886, 13 December 1988
 Santiago v. Garchitorena, G.R. No. 109266, 2 December 1993

5. Composite Crimes/Special Complex Crimes

 Art. 266-B
 Art. 267
 Art. 294
 Art. 297
 Art. 320
 People v. Fabon, 328 SCRA 302
 People v. Empante, 306 SCRA 251

6. Complex Crimes in relation to Quasi-crimes

 Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17 November 2010

C. SPECIFIC RULES

1. Crime Different from That Intended – Article 49

2. Degree of Participation and Stage of Commission – Articles 50-

57, 60-61

a. Principal – Frustrated (Article 50)

b. Principal – Attempted (Article 51)
c. Accomplices – Consummated (Article 52)
d. Accessory – Consummated (Article 53)

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 e. Accomplices – Frustrated (Article 54)
f. Accessory – Frustrated (Article 55)
g. Accomplice – Attempted (Article 56)
h. Accessory – Attempted (Article 57)
i. Exemptions (Article 60, 346)

3. Additional Penalty for Certain Accessories – Article 58

4. Impossible Crime – Article 4, 59

5. Degrees – Article 61

6. Periods – Article 64

7. Where Penalty is Not Composed of Three Periods

8. Effect of Mitigating, Aggravating and Qualifying Circumstances

– Articles 62, 63, 65, 66 and 67

9. Incomplete Justifying or Exempting Circumstances - Art. 67, 69

10. Minority– Article 68

a. PD. 603

b. RA 9344

c. Declarador vs. Hon. Gubaton, GR No. 159208, August 18, 2006

11. Service of Sentence

12. Graduated Scale – Articles 71-76

V. INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW - ACT. NO. 4103

A. Act No. 4103

B. Articles 64 and 77, RPC

C. Cases

1. People vs. Nang Kay, 83 Phil 515

2. US vs. Formigones, 87 Phil 185
3. People vs. Laler, April 15, 1963
4. People vs. Onate, 78 SCRA 43
5. People vs. Clareon, November 29, 1982
6. People vs. Lope Viente, 225 SCRA 361
7. Bacar vs. De Guzman, April 18, 1997
8. Dela Cruz vs. CA, 265 SCRA 299
9. Ladino vs. Garcia, 265 SCRA 299
10. Ladino vs. Garcia. 265 SCRA 422
11. Baca vs. De Guzman, 271 SCRA 197
12. People vs. Saley, 291 SCRA 715
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 13. People vs. Narvasa, 298 SCRA 637
14. People vs. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270, 287

VI. EXECUTION AND SERVICE OF PENALTIES

A. Execution of Penalties

1. General Rules - Art. 70, 78, 86–88 – Art. 47

a. Execution of Principal Penalties – Article 81

b. Articles 82-85, RPC

2. Simultaneous Service of Multiple Penalties

3. Successive Service of Multiple Penalties
4. Scale of Penalties According to Severity
5. The Three-Fold Rule - RPC, Art. 70

B. Suspension of Sentence Based on Insanity or Minority

1. Insane Persons - Art. 79

2. Minors
a. Supreme Court A.M. No. 02-1-18-SC, Sections 31-35
b. Presidential Decree No. 603, Arts. 189-204
c. Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law, Sec. 32
d. RA 9344, Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

C. The Probation Law

1. Presidential Decree No. 968 (as amended)
2. RA 10707
3. Purpose of Probation
4. Grant of Probation
5. Suspension
6. Mutually Exclusive Remedies
a. Waiving Right to Appeal
b. Waiving Right to Apply for Probation

7. Proper Court
8. Period to Apply For Probation
9. Disqualification To probation
10. Period of Probation
11. Arrest o Probationer
12. Termination of Probation
13. Villareal vs. people, December 1, 2014
14. Almero vs. People, March 12, 2014

EXTINCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

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I. TOTAL EXTINCTION

A. Extinction in General
1.RPC, Articles 89-93, 36

2.Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190

3.People v. Patricia 341 SCRA 464

4.People v. Abungan, 341 SCRA 258

5.Recebido v. People, 346 SCRA 881

6.People vs. Desierto, 363 SCRA 585

7.Presidential Ad Hoc Fact-Finding Committee on Behest Loans v.

Desierto, 363 SCRA 489

8.Del Castillo v. Torrecampo, 394 SCRA 221

9.Sermonia v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109454, 14 June 1994

10. Romualdez v. Marcelo, G.R. No. 165510, 28 July 2006

B. Particular Rules

1. Article 89
a. Cristobal vs. Labrador, 71 Phil 34
b. Pelobello vs. Palatino, 72 Phil 441
c. People vs. Nery, 10 SCRAS 244
d. Llamado vs. CA, 270 SCRA 423
2. Prescription of Offenses – Arts. 90, 91

a. People vs. Manajo, 56 Phil 109

b. People vs. Buencamino, 122 SCRA 713
c. People vs. Puno, 70 SCRA 606
d. People vs. Carino, 56 Phil 109
e. People vs. Joson, 46 Phil 380

See Act 3326: PRESCRIPTION OF VIOLATION OF SPECIAL

LAWS

15.Prescription of Penalties – Article 93

a. People vs. Puntilos, June 15, 1938
b. Taneza vs. Masakayan, February 28, 1967
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 5. Act No. 3326 as Amended by 3763

VII. PARTIAL EXTINCTION RPC

Extinction Under Articles 94-99

1. See amendments under RA 10592

2. Espuelas vs. Provincial Warden, 108 Phil 353

3. Tesoro vs. Director of Prisons, 68 Phil 154

4. Cruz III v. Go, G.R. No. 223446, 28 November 2016

CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY

I. GENERAL RULE

A. RPC, Art. 100

1. De Guzman vs. People, October 8, 2003

2. Sapiera vs. CA, 314 SCRA 370
3. Maximo vs. Gerochi, 144 SCRA 326
4. People vs. Miranda, 5 SCRA 1067
5. People vs. Ursua, 60 Phil 252
6. People vs. De la Cruz, 107 Phil 8
7. Quinto v. Andres, supra
8. Chua v. CA 443 SCRA 142
9. Basilio v. CA, 328 SCRA 341
10. Philippine Rabbit v. People 427 SCRA 526

B. Civil Code, Articles 20, 22, 29, 31, 32, 1161, 2176, 2177

C. 2000 Rules on Criminal Procedure, Rule 111

II. SPECIFIC RULES

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 A. Insanity, Imbecility and those Over 9 and Under 15 Years of
Age

B. State of Necessity

C. Irresistible Force, Uncontrollable Fear of Greater or Equal

Injury RPC, Art. 101

D. Innkeepers and Similar Persons, RPC, Art. 102

E. Subsidiary Liability of Other Persons, RPC, Art. 103

1. Carpio vs. Doroja, 180 SCRA 1

2. Clemente vs. Foreign Missions, 38 OG 1594

3. Sleinmetz vs. Valdez, 72 Phil 92

4. Calang vs. People, August 3, 2010

5. Panganorom vs. People, April 11, 2005

6. Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines vs. people, April 14, 2004

F. What Civil Liability Includes

1. RPC, Arts. 104-108

2. Padilla vs. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 558

3. Jamelo vs. Serafino, 44 SCRA 464

4. People vs. Torres, 366 SCRA 408

5. People vs. Paraiso, 349 SCRA 335

6. People vs. Panado, 348 SCRA 679

7. People vs. Caniezo, 354 SCRA 335

8. People vs. Galvez, 355 SCRA 246

9. People vs. Pajotal, 368 SCRA 674

10. People vs. Bantiling, 369 SCRA 47

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University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 G. Persons Civilly Liable

1. RPC, Arts. 108-111

2. Articles 2202, 2206 and 2230 NCC

3. People vs. Ravelo, 202 SCRA 655

4. PNB vs. CA, 395 SCRA 272

5. People vs. Bangcado, GR No. 132330, November 28,

2000

6. People vs. Manalo, 396 SCRA 159

7. People vs. Rubiso, 399 SCRA 267

8. People vs. Montemayor, 396 SCRA 159

9. People vs. Bantilan, GR No. 129286, September 14,

1999

10. People vs. Quisay, GR No. 106833, December 10,

1999
11. People vs. Caraig, 400 SCRA 67

12. People vs. Musa, 404 SCRA 135

13. People vs. Cabical, 403 SCRA 268

14. People vs. Mallari, 404 SCRA 170

15. People vs. Mallari, 404 SCRA 211

16. People vs. Bisda, 406 SCRA 454

17. People vs. Ibanez, 407 SCRA 406

18. People vs. Bajar, 414 SCRA 494

19. People vs. Dagami, 415 SCRA 482

H. Extinction of Civil Liability

1. RPC, Arts. 112-113

2. Civil Code, Art. 12331

-Nothing Follows-

 “
And not only this, but we also exult in our suffering,
knowing that tribulation brings about perseverance;  

Course Outline in Criminal Law I Page 31 of 32

University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon
 and perseverance, brings about character;
and proven character, triumph.”

Romans 5:3-4

Course Outline in Criminal Law I Page 32 of 32

University of the Cordilleras College of Law
First Semester AY 2022-2023
Judge Isagani G. Calderon