19/11/2018
ELECTRIC METER OR ENERGY Why Meter?
Energy and water managers have long known the value of metered data. With
METER recent advances in energy and water metering and information systems resulting in
increased functionality at lower costs, obtaining these data in a cost-effective
manner is now a standard practice. Whether energy and water resource managers
are trying to comply with legislated and mandated metering requirements, or looking
to apply accepted building management best practices, such as utility bill
verification or benchmarking, today’s metering technologies can provide the
information needed to meet energy and water goals, save money, and improve
building operations. Metering of energy and water utilities has seen an increase in
interest, application, and technology advancement in both the private and the public
sectors. One significant driver of this heightened interest is the ongoing
modernization of the nation’s electric infrastructure with the move toward the smart
REPORTED BY: JUNAID S. MANUPAC grid and smart meters.
BS-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
MSU MAIN
WATT HOUR METER OR ENERGY METER is an instrument which measures
amount of electrical energy used by the consumers. Utilities install these
Types of energy Meter
instruments at every place like homes, industries, organizations to charge the
• These may be single or three phase
electricity consumption by loads such as lights, fans and other appliances. Most
interesting types are used as prepaid electricity meters. meters depending on the supply utilized by
domestic or commercial installations. For
small service measurements like domestic
customers, these can be directly connected
between line and load. But for larger loads,
Basic unit of power is watts. One thousand watts is one kilowatt. If we use one
step down current transformers must be
kilowatt in one hour, it is considered as one unit of energy consumed. These
meters measure the instantaneous voltage and currents, calculate its product and
placed to isolate energy meters from higher
gives instantaneous power. This power is integrated over a period which gives the currents.
energy utilized over that time period.
1. ELECTROMECHANICAL INDUCTION
3 Basic types of Energy meters
TYPE ENERGY METER
It is the popularly known and most common type of age old
Energy meter or watt hour meter is classified in watt hour meter. It consists of rotating aluminum disc mounted
accordance with several factors such as: on a spindle between two electro magnets. Speed of rotation
• Type of display like analog or digital electric of disc is proportional to the power and this power is
integrated by the use of counter mechanism and gear trains. It
meter.
comprises of two silicon steel laminated electromagnets i.e.,
• Type of metering point like grid, secondary
series and shunt magnets.
transmission, primary and local distribution. Series magnet carries a coil which is of few turns of thick wire
• End applications like domestic, commercial connected in series with line whereas shunt magnet carries
and industrial. coil with many turns of thin wire connected across the supply.
Breaking magnet is a permanent magnet which applies the
• Technical like three phases, single phase, HT,
force opposite to normal disc rotation to move that disc at
LT and accuracy class meters. balanced position and to stop the disc while power is off.
1
19/11/2018
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF INDUCTION
TYPE
Working of induction type energy meter
• Series magnet produces the flux which is proportional to the current
flowing and shunt magnet produces the flux proportional to the
voltage. These two fluxes lag by 90 degrees due to inductive nature.
The interaction of these two fields produces eddy current in the disk,
exerting a force, which is proportional to product of instantaneous
voltage, current and phase angle between them.
• Vertical spindle or shaft of the aluminum disc is connected to gear
arrangement which records a number, proportional to the number of
revolutions of the disc. This gear arrangement sets the number in a
series of dials and indicates energy consumed over a time. This type
of meter is simple in construction and accuracy is somewhat less due
to creeping and other external fields. A major problem with these
types of meters is their easy prone to tampering, leading to a
requirement of an electrical energy monitoring system. These are
very commonly used in domestic and industrial applications.
2. Electronic Energy meters What is an analog electronic energy meter?
These are of accurate, high procession and reliable types of measuring
instruments as compared to conventional mechanical meters. It consumes In analog type meters, voltage and current values of each phase are
less power and starts measuring instantaneously when connected to load. obtained by voltage divider and current transformers respectively which
These meters might be analog or digital. In analog meters, power is are directly connected to the load as shown in figure.
converted to proportional frequency or pulse rate and it is integrated by
counters placed inside it. In digital electric meter power is directly
measured by high end processor. The power is integrated by logic circuits
to get the energy and also for testing and calibration purpose. It is then
converted to frequency or pulse rate.
Types of electronic Energy meters
1. Analog Electronic Energy Meters
2. Digital Electronic Energy Meters
Example of Analog electronic EM What is a Digital Electronic Energy
Meters
• Digital signal processor or high performance
microprocessors are used in digital electric meters.
Similar to the analog meters, voltage and current
transducers are connected to a high resolution ADC.
Once it converts analog signals to digital samples, voltage
Analog Electronic Meters and current samples are multiplied and integrated by
Analog to digital converter converts these analog values to digitized samples digital circuits to measure the energy consumed.
and it is then converted to corresponding frequency signals by frequency
converter. These frequency pulses then drive a counter mechanism where
these samples are integrated over a time to produce the electricity
consumption.
2
19/11/2018
Digital Electronic Energy Meters
Digital Electronic Energy Meters
• Microprocessor also calculates phase angle between
voltage and current, so that it also measures and
indicates reactive power. It is programmed in such a
way that it calculates energy according to the tariff
and other parameters like power factor, maximum
demand, etc and stores all these values in a non
volatile memory EEPROM.
• It contains real time clock (RTC) for calculating time
for power integration, maximum demand calculations
and also date and time stamps for particular
parameters. Furthermore it interacts with liquid crystal
display (LCD), communication devices and other
meter outputs. Battery is provided for RTC and other
significant peripherals for backup power.
Digital EM 3. Smart Energy Meters
• It is an advanced metering technology
involving placing intelligent meters to read,
process and feedback the data to
customers. It measures energy
consumption, remotely switches the supply
to customers and remotely controls the
maximum electricity consumption. Smart
metering system uses the Advanced
Metering Infrastructure system
technology for better performance.
AMI System Smart Energy Meters
These are capable of communicating in both directions. They can transmit the
data to the utilities like energy consumption, parameter values, alarms, etc and
also can receive information from utilities such as automatic meter reading
system, reconnect/disconnect instructions, upgrading of meter software’s and
other important messages. These meters reduce the need to visit while taking
or reading monthly bill. Modems are used in these smart meters to facilitate
communication systems such as telephone, wireless, fiber cable, power line
communications. Another advantage of smart metering is complete avoidance
of tampering of energy meter where there is scope of using power in an illegal
way.
3
19/11/2018
ELECTRIC METER ACCESSORIES
Twist Rotor Electricity Meter
Electric Meter Box Surface Seals Meter Accessories With
mounted Barcode Poly Carbonate
Convenient Installation Round
Electric Meter Accessories Meter
Base
Importance of Metering and the Business Case
It is important to keep in mind that meters are not an energy efficiency/energy
conservation technology per se; instead, meters and their supporting systems
are resources that provide building owners and operators with data that can be
used to:
• Reduce energy and water use
• Reduce energy/utility costs
• Improve overall building operations
• Improve equipment operations.
