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39 views7 pages

Stat 328-Excel-4 0

Uploaded by

tijeanlandry7267
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3- F-Test

This example teaches you how to perform an F-Test in Excel. The F-Test is used to
test the null hypothesis that the variances of two populations are equal.
Below you can find the study hours of 6 female students and 5 male students.

H0: σ12 =σ22

H1: σ12 ≠ σ22

To perform an F-Test, execute the following steps.


1. On the Data tab, click Data Analysis.

Note: can't find the Data Analysis button? Click here to load the Analysis ToolPak
add-in.
2. Select F-Test Two-Sample for Variances and click OK.

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3. Click in the Variable 1 Range box and select the range A2:A7.
4. Click in the Variable 2 Range box and select the range B2:B6.
5. Click in the Output Range box and select cell E1.

6. Click OK.
Result:

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Important: be sure that the variance of Variable 1 is higher than the variance of
Variable 2. This is the case, 160 > 21.7. If not, swap your data. As a result, Excel
calculates the correct F value, which is the ratio of Variance 1 to Variance 2 (F =
160 / 21.7 = 7.373).
Conclusion: if F > F Critical one-tail, we reject the null hypothesis. This is the case,
7.373 > 6.256. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis. The variances of the two
populations are unequal.

4- t-Test
This example teaches you how to perform a t-Test in Excel. The t-Test is used to
test the null hypothesis that the means of two populations are equal.
Below you can find the study hours of 6 female students and 5 male students.
H0: μ1 -μ2 =0

H1: μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0

To perform a t-Test, execute the following steps.


1. First, perform an F-Test to determine if the variances of the two populations are
equal. This is not the case.
2. On the Data tab, click Data Analysis.

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Note: can't find the Data Analysis button? Click here to load the Analysis ToolPak
add-in.
3. Select t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances and click OK.

4. Click in the Variable 1 Range box and select the range A2:A7.
5. Click in the Variable 2 Range box and select the range B2:B6.
6. Click in the Hypothesized Mean Difference box and type 0 (H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0).
7. Click in the Output Range box and select cell E1.

8. Click OK.

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Result:

Conclusion:

We do a two-tail test (inequality). lf t Stat < -t Critical two-tail or t Stat > t Critical
two-tail, we reject the null hypothesis. This is not the case, -2.365 < 1.473 < 2.365.
Therefore, we do not reject the null hypothesis. The observed difference between the
sample means (33 - 24.8) is not convincing enough to say that the average number
of study hours between female and male students differ significantly.

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5- Paired Sample t Test
In paired sample hypothesis testing, a sample from the population is chosen and two
measurements for each element in the sample are taken. Each set of measurements
is considered a sample. Unlike the hypothesis testing studied so far, the two samples
are not independent of one another. Paired samples are also called matched
samples or repeated measures.

Example:

A clinic provides a program to help their clients lose weight and asks a consumer
agency to investigate the effectiveness of the program. The agency takes a sample
of 15 people, weighing each person in the sample before the program begins and 3
months later to produce the table below.

Determine whether the program is effective?

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Solution

Let x = the difference in weight 3 months after the program starts. The null
hypothesis is:

H0: μ = 0; i.e. any differences in weight is due to chance

We use the Excel’s t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means data analysis tool or the T
Test. The output from the Excel data analysis tool is shown below:

Note that the mean differences are the same, but the standard deviation for the paired
sample case is lower, which results in a higher t-stat and a lower p-value. This is
generally true.

Observation: Since the two sample paired data case is equivalent to the one sample
case.

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