User Guide

SYS V. 01.02.02
BOOT V. 01.00.00
Updated: 171002
 MORDAX : DATA SYS V. 01.02.02
BOOT V. 01.00.00
User Guide Updated: 171002

Contents
What’s New in DATA Firmware V. 01.02.02...................... 3
DATA Overview................................................................. 4
Power................................................................................ 6
microSD Card................................................................... 6
Firmware........................................................................... 7
Calibration........................................................................ 9
Saving & Loading System State.................................... 10
Program : Oscilloscope.................................................. 11
Program : Spectrum Analyzer & Spectrograph............. 21
Program : Tuner.............................................................. 22
Program : Wave Output.................................................. 23
Program : Clock Output................................................. 26
Program : Voltage Monitor............................................. 28
Change Logs.................................................................. 29

Also, be sure to go and subscribe to the Mordax YouTube channel for Video Tutorials:
https://www.youtube.com/c/mordaxnet

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What’s New in DATA Firmware SYS V. 01.02.02

With the latest DATA firmware SYS V. 01.02.02 we have a major update to the CLOCK OUTPUT program.
The new CLOCK core has been completely redesigned, now with 4 channels of independent clock
output (upgraded from 2 ch), all with full CV input control over their divide/multiply value and offset.

NEW 4ch CLOCK OLD 2ch CLOCK

Many new CLOCK divide/multiply values have been added, including fractional div/mults allowing
for dotted and triplet note values (e.g., x1.3 = dotted 8th note), and an increased overall range from /48
(12 measures) to x48 (128th note triplets). The selected div/mult now also displays the corresponding note
value beside the numerical value where applicable.

We had to drop the old CLOCK’s “tick display” bars to fit all the extra channels on the screen, which we
quite liked, but we think it’s a fair trade. Also, note that patches saved with the old CLOCK firmware are not
compatible with the new CLOCK; it’s not going to crash or anything, just know if you load a system patch
from the old firmware the CLOCK will be skipped, so whatever settings you currently have on the CLOCK
will remain as they are.

Check out the updated User Guide section on Program: Clock Output for more new CLOCK info.

The Wave Output program also got some “under-the-hood” work on this update. The oscillators have
been improved, they are now higher resolution and have less aliasing noise, and the CV input
processing has been further optimized allowing for faster and more precise CV modulation of the
oscillator’s frequency and amplitude

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DATA Overview

Soft Buttons, top row:

Referred to in this guide, left Menu Button: Pressing
to right, as 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 this at any time will return
you to the main menu.

Soft Buttons, bottom row:

Referred to in this guide, left Push Encoder Knob: Turn
to right, as 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 the encoder to scroll through
parameters and change values.
Input Jacks: All inputs can Pushing the encoder often selects
accept +/-10V signals, though and deselects items. In some
depending on the program functions, pushing the encoder
running, the expected voltage while turning allows for coarse/fine
range and hardware signal path changing of values.
may vary. Similarly, all, none,
or a subset of the inputs may
be utilized per program (see
program-specific instructions).
Buffered Through Jacks: Output Jacks: All outputs can produce +10V
Regardless of the program to -5V Audio, CV, Trigger, or Gate signals.
running, a signal present at an Depending on the program running, all, none,
Input Jack is buffered and sent or a subset of the outputs may be utilized.
back out of its corresponding Similarly, the effective voltage ranges are
Through Jack for use elsewhere program dependent (see program-specific
in your patch. instructions).

Front Panel Reset

Typically you wouldn’t need to reset the DATA during operation, but it’s good to know you can do
so easily without interrupting power to the rest of your Eurorack system. You can reset the DATA
system at any time by simultaneously pressing the buttons 1-1, 1-4, 2-1, and 2-4 (the four corner
soft-buttons). This produces the same affect as power cycling the DATA by turning your Eurorack
system on and off, but effects only the DATA.

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Getting Around the DATA System

When the DATA starts up you are brought to the Main Menu. Use the
encoder knob to scroll through the menu; when you have highlighted the
program you wish to use, push in on the encoder to launch the program.
You can also access the system’s Settings page from the Main Menu by
pushing soft-button 1-4, located under the screen text ‘SETTINGS’.

The function of the DATA’s buttons and encoder, as well as the DATA’s
input and output jacks, are specific to each program, and are covered in
each program’s section of this manual. Generally though, the user input
controls have the following common behaviors throughout the system:
• Boxes with text along the display top and bottom correspond to
the soft-buttons along that edge. These boxes can allow the ability
to select pages in a program (e.g., Settings), activate a pop-up
menu (e.g., Scope cursor sub-menu), or engage a control (e.g., Volt
Monitor CV control).

• The encoder is used to scroll available items in a list or menu.

Often in pop-up menus pushing the encoder will select that item,
then turning the encoder will act on that variable. Pushing the
encoder again will return it to scrolling the list.

Navigation Example: Change WAVE1 CV DVCA Assignment

1. In Wave Output, push soft-button 2-3, 2. Turn the encoder to select WAVE1 CV source
corresponding to the CV item at the top of for DVCA, as indicated by the hollow green box.
the display, to engage the CV pop-up menu. Currently CV INPUT 2 is the active source.

3. Push the encoder to act on this parameter. 4. When you’re done with the CV
Turn the encoder so the parameter is NONE. assignments, hit soft-button 2-3 again to
Push the encoder again and scroll to move to a leave the pop-up menu.
different parameter.

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Power Typical Current Consumption

Power to the DATA module is provided by a standard 16 pin Eurorack power
Using Option - System +5V
connector, supplied with the module. A +5V source header is located on the
+12V ~ 100 mA
back of the DATA by the 16 pin power header (pictured below). This allows for
-12V ~ 60 mA
+5V to be provided directly by your Eurorack system’s power bus, or for +5V to
+5V ~ 150 mA
be produce locally inside the DATA from your system’s +12V rail. The choice of
+5V source allows for balancing your system’s power as you see fit, as well as
Using Option - Local +5V
providing an option to power the DATA if your system does not have a +5V rail
+12V ~ 250 mA
available (via a user-provided 16 pin to 10 pin cable power cable).
-12V ~ 60 mA
*Note: Using the Local +5V Option generates more heat. Regardless of power
option, always be sure your Eurorack system has sufficient case ventilation!

SYSTEM +5V Option: The +5V power LOCAL +5V Option: The +5V power is
is provided directly by your Eurorack converted from your Eurorack system’s
system’s +5V power rail. +12V power rail via a voltage regulator
inside the DATA module.

microSD Card
The DATA is equipped with a standard FAT32 formatted 4GB microSD Card, which must be inserted in the DATA’s SD card
slot at all times during operation. Currently, the SD Card’s primary functions are to transfer firmware update files to the DATA
and for the storage and recall of user system state patch memory and calibration variables.

To remove the SD Card for firmware update or replacement, first turn the DATA off. The DATA’s SD Card reader slot is located in
the bottom left corner of the back PCB, as indicated by the microSD guide image. The SD Card reader is a “push-push” type
mechanism, meaning that to remove the card, simply push gently in on the card and the card will partially eject, after which the
card can be fully removed. When re-insterting the card, line it up with the microSD guide image on the PCB and push it into the
slot until you feel the “push-push” mechanism engage, after which the card should be flush with the edge of the PCB and firmly
held by the card reader.

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Firmware
The DATA’s software is comprised of two parts: the bootloader firmware and the system firmware. The bootloader is a small
program that runs every time the DATA is started; it checks for system firmware updates on the SD Card. If the there is no
system firmware file present on the card, then the bootloader will start the system normally. The system firmware is the
main software and contains all of the DATA’s functions (e.g., oscilloscope, spectral analyzer, etc.). You are able to update the
bootloader firmware from the settings menu of the main system. All this may sound confusing, but the process of updating both
the system and the bootloader firmware is really quite simple, as explained below.

To get the most of out your DATA, be sure to keep the firmware up-to-date! It is through this process we provide
new and improved features, as well as fix bugs, for optimal DATA performance. Both the DATA’s system and bootloader
firmware update files can be found on the Mordax website as they become available (major updates will also be announced via
the email newsletter and social media channels). Also, note that system and bootloader updates are independent, for example
we’ve had multiple system updates in a row and no bootloader updates since the DATA was first launched.

Updating the System Firmware

1. Go to www.mordax.net and download the latest DATA
system firmware file to your computer. All DATA system
firmware .bin files start with DS followed by 6 numbers,
which indicate the version number (e.g., DS010000.bin is
DATA System Version 01.00.00).
2. Turn off the DATA, remove its microSD card and put
the microSD card in your computer (or if your computer
doesn’t have a microSD card reader, use a USB based
reader, available at any electronics retailer). You’ll see the
card is named ‘MX_DATA’.
3. Take the downloaded DATA firmware .bin file and
place it in the mircoSD card’s root directory– a fancy way
of saying the place that you see when you first open the
card on your computer (see top image).
4. Eject the card and put it back into the DATA.
5. Power on the DATA. The firmware file will be
automatically detected and loaded into the DATA’s
memory. Once the firmware update is complete, the .bin
source file will be deleted from the card.

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Updating the Bootloader Firmware

This is a similar process to updating the system firmware, except that

you will download a file which starts with DB (compared to system
firmware files, which start with DS) and you will go into the DATA’s
Settings program to execute the update.
NOTE: System firmware is different from the boot loader
firmware - Bootloader firmware is rarely updated, and typically
you will only be dealing with the system firmware when updating
your DATA, as described in the previous section.

To update the bootloader firmware:

1. Got to www.mordax.net and download the latest DATA bootloader
firmware file to your computer. All DATA bootloader firmware .bin
files start with DB followed by 6 numbers, which indicate the version
number (e.g., DB010000.bin is DATA Bootloader Version 01.00.00).
2. Turn off the DATA, remove its microSD card and put the microSD
card in your computer (or if your computer doesn’t have a microSD
card reader, use a USB based reader, available at any electronics
retailer). You’ll see the card is named ‘MX_DATA’.
3. Take the downloaded DATA firmware .bin file and place it in the
mircoSD card’s root directory.
4. Eject the card and put it back into the DATA.
5. Power on the DATA. From the DATA’s main menu, hit button 1-4 to
access the Settings program.
6. The Settings program opens in the ‘Memory’ page. Hit button
2-2 to navigate to the ‘Miscellaneous Systems Items’ page. Then
scroll with the rotary encoder knob to select ‘Bootloader Firmware
Update’ from the sub-menu. With this item highlighted, push in on
the encoder to access the Bootloader Update routine.
7. The Bootloader Update program will recognize the new firmware
and display the version number on the screen. Push button 1-1 to
start the update. Heed the notice on the screen; while this update
process is rather fast, if the bootloader update is interrupted before
completing, it may brick your DATA and would have to be returned to
Mordax HQ for service.
8. Once the firmware update is complete, the .bin source file will be
deleted from the card.

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Calibration
Like all measurement equipment, the voltage accuracy of the DATA’s inputs and outputs are reliant on many factors, such as
the system’s calibration scheme, the initial accuracy of the performed calibration, and changes in the physical environment
(i.e.., temperature). To best mediate environmental effects, it is recommended to perform calibrations after the DATA has been
powered on for a period of 30 minutes or longer. The DATA’s voltage calibration is composed of two interlinked routines, Manual
Calibration and Automatic Calibration. Let’s take a look at each of these.

Manual Calibration
Manual Calibration is used to calibrate the DATA’s digital-to-analog converters (DACs); these are the DATA’s voltage outputs.
Unlike the Automatic Calibration covered next, Manual Calibration is not intended to be performed often, as it requires
the use of a Digital Multimeter (DMM) or other voltage measurement device with sub-millivolt precision. At the factory,
each DATA is put through a “burn-in” period, where the unit is powered for ~1 hour, after which manual calibration is performed
using a 5.5 digit DMM, in addition to other tests. Despite calibration at the factory, the Manual Calibration routine may need to
be performed on your DATA from time to time. As long as you have access to a reliable DMM or similar device, the process is
simple:

1. Power on the DATA for at least 30 minutes. From the DATA’s main
menu, hit button 1-4 to access the Settings program.
2. The Settings program opens in the ‘Memory’ page. Hit button
2-2 to navigate to the ‘Miscellaneous Systems Items’ page (top box
MISC), then scroll with the rotary encoder knob to select ‘Manual
Calibration Routine’ from the sub-menu. With this item highlighted,
push in on the encoder to access the Manual Calibration Routine.
This takes you to the entry screen for the routine; press START to
begin.
3. Follow the on-screen instructions, first measuring the OUT1 jack
for a range of voltages, then the OUT2, OUT3, and OUT4 jacks.
4. Once Manual Calibration is complete, the calibration information is
stored in the DATA’s on-board non-volatile memory. Neither Manual
Calibration information nor Automatic Calibration information are
stored on the microSD Card, so if your card is ever replaced for
any reason, you won’t need to perform a Manual Calibration again
(unless you want to).
5. Immediately after the Manual Calibration finishes, the DATA will
start the Automatic Calibration routine to calibrate the DATA’s analog
to digital converters (ADCs), applying the new Manual Calibration
values.

Automatic Calibration
Automatic Calibration is used to calibrate the DATA’s analog to digital converters (ADCs); these are the DATA’s voltage input
sensors. Automatic Calibration relies on the DATA’s internal signal routing matrix to send known voltage levels into the ADCs
and record their values. This process should be done whenever using the DATA in a new environment, after the unit has warmed
up, preferably for > 30 minutes.

To perform Automatic Calibration, enter the Settings program, navigate to the ‘Miscellaneous Systems Items’ page, then scroll
with the rotary encoder knob to select ‘Auto Calibration Routine’ from the sub-menu and follow the on-screen instructions.

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Saving & Loading System State

Basic patch memory is available for saving and loading the DATA’s system-wide settings. There are 8 memory slots used to take
a “snap-shot” of the DATA as it is currently configured. The Oscilloscope program’s channel positions and time value, the Wave
Output program’s waveform type and frequency, and the Clock Output program’s BPM can all be saved for later recall. This is
useful for recalling specific configurations for performances or moving between different test and measurement routines.

To save or load a system state:

1. From the DATA’s main menu, hit button 1-4 to access the Settings
program.
2. The Settings program opens in the ‘Memory’ page. Scroll with the
rotary encoder knob to select one of the eight available memory slots
to save or load.
3. To save the current system state to the highlighted slot, press
button 1-1, under the display text ‘SAVE’. Saving to the memory
slot will automatically overwrite any previously saved state in that
slot. The display will show a message indicating that the save was
successful.
4. To load a saved state from the highlighted slot, press button
1-2, under the display text ‘LOAD’. This will change all values in all
programs to those set at the time the system was originally saved.
5. To copy a saved state from one slot to another, simply load the
saved state from its memory slot, scroll to highlight the slot you want
to copy to, then save it there.

To save or load a system state:

1. From the DATA’s main menu, hit button 1-4 to access the Settings
program.
2. The Settings program opens in the ‘Memory’ page. Scroll with the
rotary encoder knob to select one of the eight available memory slots
to save or load.
3. To save the current system state to the highlighted slot, press
button 1-1, under the display text ‘SAVE’. Saving to the memory
slot will automatically overwrite any previously saved state in that
slot. The display will show a message indicating that the save was
successful.
4. To load a saved state from the highlighted slot, press button
1-2, under the display text ‘LOAD’. This will change all values in all
programs to those set at the time the system was originally saved.
5. To copy a saved state from one slot to another, simply load the
saved state from its memory slot, scroll to highlight the slot you want
to copy to, then save it there.

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Program : Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope is to an electrical engineer as a telescope is to an astronomer; it allows the investigator to see, with their own
eyes, a representation of what they are studying. And as a eurorack user, you’re going to become an electrical engineer on
some level, like it or not! (Why? Because, you’re powering and wiring together different circuits [modules] to build a complex
system [your rack] for signal generation, and so EE concepts like voltage, resistance, PCBs, oscilloscopes, etc. will seep into
your vocabulary eventually).

The primary function of an oscilloscope, the DATA’s or any other, is to display a 2D graph of voltage amplitude over time,
with amplitude on the Y-axis and time on the X-axis. With this simple display a multitude of information can be extracted
and questions answered – from getting a basic understanding of a module’s behavior (what shape is my envelope really?), to
exploring interesting topics like frequency modulation and phase cancellation.

Scopes can be deceptively simple though, especially digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs); in fact, when I got my first DSO and
started messing around with it, I thought it was broken! In reality, the scope was fine; I just needed to take some time to properly
learn how the DSO works. Just like positioning and focusing a telescope, you have to adjust the settings of an oscilloscope to
get the clear and accurate image you’re after.

We’ll be covering the operation of the DATA’s scope in the following pages, and we’ll visit a few specific oscilloscope “gotchas”
like triggering and aliasing. If you’re brand new to using scopes, I highly recommend checking out the excellent primer guide
from Tektronix “XYZs of Oscilloscopes” (Google it) as well as watching some YouTube videos (AdaFruit and EEVBlog have some
good ones) on general scope concepts. And of course, don’t forget to check out the Mordax YouTube channel for video tutorials
on the DATA’s scope and other programs!

Oscilloscope - Display Overview

Time Scale button: Shows the scope’s current

Trigger button: Shows current trigger horizontal resolution - microseconds, milliseconds,
mode - automatic or normal. Push to or seconds per division, the X-axis. Push the
access the trigger pop-up menu. button and turn the encoder to change the time
scale.
RUN/STOP button: Push to switch
Cursor button: Shows between RUN and STOP.
current cursor scale
channel reference. Push
to access the cursor pop- Trigger Line: Indicates the
up menu. trigger level for the associated
trigger source channel (for use
in trigger mode “NORM”).

Channel buttons: Shows channel

input jack number and the channel’s
current vertical resolution - volts per
division, the Y-axis. Push to access
the channel’s pop-up menu.

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Triggering
Triggering is one of the most important concepts to understand when using an oscilloscope. The trigger controls the
oscilloscope’s “horizontal sweep”; in other words, it controls the display window of the incoming signal. The trigger can be used
to synchronize the oscilloscope’s display with an incoming repeating signal (e.g., an oscillator’s waveform), allowing for clear
viewing and measurement.

The DATA’s oscilloscope currently has two trigger modes available: AUTO (automatic trigger) and NORM (normal trigger). The
AUTO mode continuously samples the incoming signal and triggers at a fixed rate, based on the currently selected time scale.
The NORM mode continuously samples the incoming signal, but will only generate a trigger event when the signal crosses the
trigger level. In NORM mode, if the signal does not cross the trigger level, the screen will not change.

When to use trigger mode NORM - Viewing repeating, high frequency signals, such as audio-rate waveforms (typical oscillator
output). The oscilloscope time scale would be set at 10ms or less.

When to use trigger mode AUTO - Viewing slower signals like slower envelopes, low frequency oscillators (LFOS). Also
useful for viewing non-repeating higher frequency signals, like your main audio outputs (mix of many oscillators and FX). The
oscilloscope time scale would typically be set at 10ms or more.

*Always use trigger mode AUTO when your time scale is set to large values (e.g., 100’s of milliseconds or seconds)

Trigger Example - AUTO vs NORM

The images 1, 2, and 3 show an audio-

rate sinewave coming in on channel 1,
with the TRIG mode set to AUTO and a
TIME scale of 1ms. Note the distortion of
the sinewave in each image, this is due to
the triggering of the waveform being out
of sync with the AUTO mode trigger rate.

Pressing button 2-2 displays the TRIG

pop-up menu (image 3). Switching the
mode to NORM synchronizes the display
with the waveform, producing a trigger
1 2
event every time the waveform crosses
the trigger level (currently set at 3.14V).

Now that the oscilloscope is triggering off

of channel 1 the distortion is gone (image
4). You can even change the frequency
of the incoming sinewave and its relative
position will remain centered on the
screen.

3 4

*Note that if the incoming signal changes so that it never reaches the trigger level (3.14V in this case), the displayed
waveform will not update. For this reason, it’s advisable to start viewing a signal of unknown amplitude or shape in
AUTO mode, adjust parameters such as the trigger level and time scale, and then switch to NORM mode.

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Trigger Level & Edge

When triggering from a signal in NORM mode, the trigger event occurs when the incoming signal crosses the trigger threshold,
or LEVEL (orange dotted line). When a trigger occurs the signal display is centered at the trigger point - the intersection of
the orange trigger line, the grey center grid Y-axis, and the incoming signal.

Images 1 and 2 to the right show the

trigger LEVEL changed from 3.14V to
-1.98V. This results in the trigger point
moving down; in image 1 the trigger is
towards the top of the saw wave, while in
image 2 it’s towards the bottom, and the
wave appears to have shifted to the right.

The Trigger EDGE parameter selects

whether a trigger event occurs when the
signal crosses the LEVEL from below, low
to high (RISE), or from above, high to low 1 2
(FALL).

Images 3 and 4 to the right show the

trigger EDGE changing from RISE to FALL.
With RISE, the signal display is centered
around the left slope of the saw wave,
while with FALL the signal is centered at
the right edge of the saw wave. Similar to
changing the LEVEL previously, the wave
appears to have shifted, this time to the
left.

3 4

Pro-tip: if your oscillator’s waveform is complex and contains non-repeating elements (e.g., wavefolding modulation or
scanning wavetables with lots of jagged edges), it might cross the trigger LEVEL many times per cycle, causing the display to
center the wave at different places, seeming to shift the wave left and right as it modulates. Try setting the trigger source to
another channel that’s monitoring a squarewave oscillator set to the same frequency as your complex waveform (or use the
SYNC output of your complex oscillator if it has one). This will keep a stable sync window for viewing your complex oscillator’s
waveform, even while it’s changing shape.

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Time - Horizontal Scale (X-axis)

The TIME parameter (top of the screen, accessed via button
2-4) shows the scope’s current horizontal resolution in
microseconds, milliseconds, or seconds per division. On the
grid there are 12 divisions on the X-axis (the grid is 12 boxes
wide). For example, if the TIME parameter is set to 1MS
(one millisecond), then the scope is showing a total of 12
milliseconds of signal across the display.

The TIME parameter ranges from 50uS (50 microseconds)

to 5.0S (five seconds), allowing for a minimum total display
of 600 microseconds and a maximum total display of 60
seconds.

Let’s look at an example of viewing a LFO waveform. The incoming LFO signal is a sawtooth wave with a frequency of 0.1Hz,
which is equal to a period of 10 seconds (1Hz frequency = 1 second period); it’s a fairly slow LFO. But let’s say we didn’t
know the LFO’s frequency or period; we can use the scope’s horizontal scale to measure it (or alternately, the scope’s cursor,
covered in the following pages).

The TIME parameter is set to 5.0S (five seconds), so each vertical grey line is equal to 5 seconds of time. You can see on the
scope’s grid that the waveform crosses two of the vertical grey lines before repeating, so from this we can tell that the LFO’s
period is 10 seconds.

Also, there are 6 full cycles of the saw wave across the scope’s display. With 10 seconds per cycle this demonstrates that
there are 60 seconds of time displayed when the TIME parameter is set to 5.0S.

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Aliasing - Sampling Distortion

In any digital sampling system, such as a digital oscilloscope, aliasing
distortion of the sampled signal can occur. In the image right there are two
sine waves signals shown in yellow, each with the same number of X-axis
divisions. In this graphic the X-axis divisions are sample points; both
sine waves are being sampled at the same rate, though they are different
frequencies. The circles show where the incoming sinewave signal is
sampled; if you draw a line connecting the points of the top sine wave
they would meet up and trace the actual sine wave input signal. However
on the bottom, higher frequency signal, connecting the sample points
draws a sine wave but doesn’t match the input signal. The distorted
signal produced is an example of aliasing distortion; the incoming signal
is too fast to be properly sampled at the current sample rate. Image source: www.fieldingdsp.com/alias

Below is an example of this aliasing distortion on the DATA’s scope display. The saw wave signal’s frequency is a little less than
350Hz (F4 note); with TIME: 1MS the signal is displayed appropriately, but as the TIME value is increased, there is more time
between samples and similarly each pixel on the screen spans more time. At TIME 2MS and 5MS the signal is still reasonably
displayed, while the bottom three images show TIME 20MS, 100MS, and 500MS, neither of which are appropriate for displaying
this frequency of signal. As the time per division is increased to larger and larger values, this relatively high frequency signal
experiences aliasing distortion resulting in interesting, but incorrect representations.

To avoid aliasing distortion, first start with a smaller TIME value and increase it until the signal is displayed to your liking,
rather than starting with a large TIME value and decreasing it.

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Voltage - Vertical Scale (Y-axis)

Each channel’s SCALE parameter shows the volts-per-division of the vertical scale. On
the grid there are 8 divisions on the Y-axis (the grid is 8 boxes tall). The vertical scale’s
resolution can be controlled independently for each channel, accessed via the channel’s
pop-up menu at the bottom of the display.

For example, in image 1 right, the SCALE parameter for channel 1 is set to 5.0V per
division. That means each square on the grid is now 5.0V tall, and with 8 vertical divisions
on the grid, the entire display is showing a range of 40V. You can see that the incoming
1
saw wave is 2 boxes high, so 2 X 5.0V gives 10V; at a glance you now know the waveform
spans 10V peak-to-peak.

Also in the first image, note that the position of channel 1 (parameter POS) is set to 0.00V;
this means the center of the grid is displaying 0.00V. The saw wave spans one box above
the center grid line, and it spans one box below; we now know the saw wave’s actual
voltage amplitude, +5V to -5V peak-to-peak

If we set the position to 5.00V (image 2) the saw wave is moved up, offset by vertical
division (one box) at this scale.
2
Changing the SCALE parameter has the effect of zooming in or out on the signal. Images 3
and 4 show the same +/-5V saw wave, but the vertical scale is changed, making the signal
larger on the display. Recall that at SCALE:5.0V the display can show a full 40V (8 vertical
divisions, 8 x 5 = 40). Similarly, at a scale setting of 2.0V the screen can display 16V from
top to bottom, and at a scale of 1.0V it displays a range of 8V.

In image 4 you can see that our 10V peak-to-peak saw wave is clipped at it’s top and
bottom, because it spans a voltage range wider than what can be shown at SCALE:1.0V
(8V full display range).
3

Coupling - AC / DC
Also available in the channel pop-up menus is the parameter COUPL, which selects AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current)
coupling on the channel’s input. AC coupling places a 0.47uF capacitor in series with the channel input, which blocks DC
signals, only allowing AC signals to pass. For example, if you have AC coupling selected and you put a constant 5V CV signal
into the input, it will show 0V on the scope, as that 5V DC has been blocked. Similarly, the flat components of a square wave will
appear distorted when AC coupling is selected, as these are periods of DC (see images above). This distortion becomes more
pronounced the lower the sqaurewave frequency becomes (longer periods of DC). Typically, you will want to view signals as
COUPL: DC.

Fun fact: The squarewaves you hear coming out of a speaker are generally distorted as shown in the AC coupled image, as the
signal lines to speakers most always have these series DC blocking caps.

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Cursor

As we saw in the sections on the DATA scope’s horizontal (X-axis) and vertical (Y-axis) scales, the scope’s grid can be used to
take quick measurements of an incoming signal’s voltage as well as its period and frequency. The scope’s cursors allow for more
precise measurements, in addition to creating custom visual windows or thresholds.

The cursor pop-up menu is accessed via the top left button (2-1), labeled CUR, with the current Y-axis scale reference shown.
The Y-axis scale can reference any of the four input channel’s scales; there’s no need to readjust the cursor if a channel’s voltage
scale or position is changed, as the cursor’s scale and relative position change along with it on the fly. Similarly, the cursor’s
X-axis scale is automatically updated to reference the display’s current TIME setting.

There are two cursors available per axis, with cursors AY and AX displayed as a solid white lines and cursors BY and BX
displayed as dotted white lines. Difference (delta) between each axes’ cursors are shown under each set of controls, calculating
the span in voltage or span in time between their A and B cursors.

The DISPLAY parameter of the cursor pop-up menu turns on and off the cursor display. This allows you to continue viewing
the cursor’s position and delta values while the pop-up menu is not engaged. Only the active cursors are present in the display
window, saving display space when only one cursor axis is being used.

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Secondary Top Menu Functions

To access the Oscilloscope program’s
secondary top menu functions, press and
hold for ~1.5 seconds the DATA’s Menu Primary Top Menu
Button, the top right most button on the unit.
To return to the primary oscilloscope top
menu functions, press and hold the button
again. To access the system main menu, Secondary Top Menu
simply press and release the Menu Button
quickly.

XY Scope
The Oscilloscope program’s XY Scope takes a pair
of inputs and plots both of their amplitudes, one
on the X axis and one on the Y. The pairs are either
CH1(X) & CH2(Y) or CH3(X) & CH4(Y).

This is just like how you’d draw on an Etch-a-

Sketch, one control for left to right (X) and one for
up and down (Y). If you send the XY Scope a pair of
DC voltages (a constant voltage, a straight line on
the scope) then you’ll see only a single white pixel
drawn. To make cool shapes you need to input
waveforms.

In this example we have two sine waves on

the scope, CH1 is 200Hz and CH2 is 300Hz.
The scope is triggering off of CH1 and the
time scale is set to 1ms (note: it is important
to TRIGGER off of one of the source
channels to get a crisp XY display).

Enter the secondary top menu functions by

pressing and holding the top right button as
described above. Access the XY Scope pop-
up menu by clicking the XY SCOPE button.
Here the XY Scope’s visibility can be turned
on and off, channel pairs can be selected
(SOURCE), and the position of the XY Scope
can be offset.

If you want to view only the XY Scope and

not the source channels, you simply turn off
both of the source channel’s visibility, via the
channel pop-up menus.

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XY Scope - Positioning Basics

While the XY Scope’s visibility is independent from the
source channels, the scale and position are linked.

In the example right, first changing the CH1(X) scale value

to 5.0V appears to compress the XY Scope horizontally.
Then changing the CH2(Y) scale to 5.0V compresses it
vertically. Now the XY Scope is a smaller version of what we
started with above.

Next, you can see changing the channel position of CH2(Y)

moves the XY Scope up along with the waveform, while
increasing the CH1(X) position shifts the XY Scope towards
the right.

The OFFSET controls in the XY SCOPE pop-menu allow for

further controlling the XY Scope position, shifting it from the
channel positions.

XY Scope - Decoupled Scale & Positioning

Since the XY Scope is linked to the source channel’s position and scale, you can really dial in monitoring of two channels
on the waveform oscilloscope and XY by connecting the buffered output jacks of channel 1 & 2 into the input jacks of 3
& 4. Then set the XY source to CH3-CH4 but in the waveform scope turn off those channel’s visibility, only monitoring the
waveform scope channels 1 & 2. This way you can have a larger or smaller scale for the XY than the waveform scope
channels. This is the technique used in the images below, where the visible waveform scope channels 1 & 2 are at scale 5.0V
and position -14.0V, and the not visible waveform scope channels used for the XY, 3 & 4, are set to 2.0V scale, making the XY
display larger than the channel 1 & 2 waveforms.

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MINIMAL DISPLAY MODE

Sometimes you just want to see some pretty waves! By popular demand, the DATA’s Oscilloscope program now includes
a Minimal Display Mode, which allows you to turn off the scope’s grid and control buttons and just view the channel
waveforms and XY display.

To toggle Minimal Display Mode, first enter the secondary top menu functions by pressing and holding the top right
button, as previously described. Click the MIN-MODE button in the top left to turn Minimal Display Mode on. Once in
MIN-MODE all of the soft button cease to function except the MIN-MODE button, which is indicated by the small grey
circle in the top left of the screen; click it again to exit MIN-MODE.

NORMAL MIN-MODE

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Program : Spectrum Analyzer & Spectrograph

One of the most interesting things about sounds (and periodic signals in general) is that they can be described as the sum of
an infinite set of sine waves at various frequencies and amplitudes. This collection of sine waves that make up a signal is the
signal’s frequency spectrum, and the individual sine waves in the spectrum are its harmonics (also called partials).

For example, a square wave can be created by starting

with a sine wave of a given frequency (the fundamental or
first harmonic), then adding subsequent sine waves at odd
multiples of the fundamental frequency and decreasing
amplitudes (odd harmonics). The green waveform right
shows the additive synthesis of a fundamental and three
additional odd harmonics (blue sine waves). It’s not a
perfect square wave, but it’s starting to take shape. If you
continued adding subsequent odd harmonics in this fashion
the combined wave to become increasingly more square, as
seen with the magenta wave, which is the result of 50 sine
waves combined.

The DATA’s spectral programs allow you to view these

frequency components, taking a time domain signal and
displaying it in frequency domain, showing it’s harmonic
content (the various sinewaves that make up the signal).
This is accomplished by Fourier analysis, specifically fast
Fourier transform (FFT). Both the DATA’s Spectrum Analyzer
and Spectrograph display the incoming signal’s frequency
spectrum, with the Spectrum Analyzer showing the output
of one FFT analysis at a time, and the Spectrograph
showing multiple FFT’s. The Spectrum Analyzer provides
the frequency components of a signal as a bar graph, with
each bar representing a small frequency range (also called a
bin); the higher the bar, and the lighter it’s color, the greater
the magnitude of the frequency band in the signal. The
Spectrograph shows the same information as the Spectrum
Analyzer, but only displays magnitude as a function of color.

Peak Bin: The tallest bar in the bar graph is the RUN/STOP button: Push to switch
frequency bin with the greatest magnitude. This is between RUN and STOP of the display.
the signal’s first harmonic (fundamental frequency).

Window Type: Shows

the current windowing
function (filter) applied to
the incoming signal. Push
button 2-1 and scroll
with the encoder to apply
different window types.

Channel buttons:
The currently active input channel is highlighted. Push the
soft buttons below each channel number to change inputs.

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Program : Tuner
The DATA’s Tuner program measures an incoming signal’s frequency and automatically displays the nearest note in the
chromatic scale, as well as calculates the difference in hertz from the nearest note. Any of the four input channels can be
selected for measurement, allowing for quick tuning of multiple signals (e.g., tuning four oscillators to make a chord).

Typical accuracy: +/- 0.01 Hz

Frequency range: 27.50 Hz - 2,960 Hz (spans notes A0 to ~F#7)

Normalization - Small Signals

Eurorack audio oscillators generally produce a 10V peak-to-peak (+/-5V) signal. If the input signal is significantly less than this
(e.g., less than 6V peak-to-peak), engage the Tuner’s normalization function (button 2-1, top left) to maintain analysis of the
lesser signal. Note that normalization can effect measurement accuracy and is not recommended for use on signals > 2,200 Hz.
For measurement of high frequency, low amplitude signals, disengage the normalization function and boost the target signal
prior to input via an external gain amplifier, buffered adder, or similar.

Tuner - Display Overview

Normalize: Push button 2-1
to turn ON/OFF normalization Nearest Note: The nearest note
processing of the input signal. name and frequency compared to
Used when the incoming signal the incoming signal’s measured
is significantly less than 10V frequency.
peak-to-peak (e.g., +/-5V typical
oscillator signal).

Next Note: The nearest note

in the chromatic scale to the
incoming signal’s measured
frequency.
Measured Frequency: The
fundamental frequency of the
incoming signal.

Note Dif: Difference in Hz

between the incoming measured
frequency and its nearest note
frequency.
Channel buttons: The currently
active input channel is highlighted.
Push the soft buttons below each
channel number to change inputs.

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Program : Wave Output

The DATA’s Wave Output program provides two precision waveform generators. Each unit can act as either LFO modulation
sources or audio rate oscillators, with 1V per octave CV pitch tracking over 8 octaves. CV control over each oscillator’s
pitch and amplitude (digital VCA) can be assigned on the fly to any of the 4 input jacks, with independent attenuators per
modulation destination.

Frequency - Manual Control: 0.01 Hz - 9,999.99 Hz

Frequency - CV Input: 0.01 Hz - 4,200.00 Hz
C0 to C8 / 0V to +8V is the normal functional CV input range
*Will accept CV input up to +10V, producing glitchy, weird signals up to around 15,800 Hz

Amplitude (VCA) - CV Input: 0V to +5V, linear response

Waveform Generator - Display Overview

MODE: Push to bring up the Mode
CV: Push to bring up the CV pop-up pop-up menu. TUNE for choosing
menu and assign the CV source and either decimal frequency or note
WAVE1/2: Push to scroll and act on attenuation amount for either waveform value for setting the waveform
available parameters for either waveform generator’s pitch or amplitude generator’s base frequency. SHAPE
generator (e.g., scroll frequency, type,
for selecting different waveshaping
phase, etc.)
modes

FREQ/NOTE: The waveform CV Message: Not a control, but

generator’s base frequency a reminder message to set the
(frequency before CV pitch oscillator base frequency to note
control) is displayed as either C0 (16.35Hz) for normal 1V per
decimal Hz or note name. octave CV tracking.

Final Frequency: The

TYPE: The initial waveform waveform generator’s current
shape, which can be SINE, output frequency, which is a
SQR, SAW, or TRI. combination of the set base
frequency and the incoming CV
PHASE: The starting point of
pitch information (if pitch CV is
the waveform’s cycle
active)

OFFSET: Percent gain or reduction in the AMP: The waveform’s amplitude as a percentage of 10V peak-
waveform’s center voltage value (e.g., 0% = 0V to-peak (e.g., 100% = 10Vpp, +/-5V). Max value is 200% and
center, 25% = 2.5V center). This can be used in will clip the waveform over +5V and under -5V for wave shaping.
combination with the AMP control to clip and Min values is -200%; negative amp values invert the wave
shape the waveform. (e.g., saw to ramp). This gain stage is prior to the VCA, so that
clipping waves will maintain their shape under VCA control.

CV Control: Input channels 1-4 Wave Out: Oscillator 1 and 2 output,

can be assigned as CV source for 10V peak-to-peak (+/-5V)
control of the frequency or VCA
amplitude of either oscillator

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Oscillator Waveshaping
Using the internal amplification and offset controls allow for waveshaping the basic oscillator waveforms, providing a
range of non-standard forms for use as LFOs or audio sources.

Click the MODE button and choose the waveshaping type via the SHAPE section in the MODE pop-up menu.

*Note that you can’t clip or fold a square wave. It’s kind of like trying to low pass filter a sine wave - nothing happens.

SHAPE : CLIP
CLIP waveshaping will cause the waveform to clip (register a flat voltage) when shifted past the +5V or -5V limit on
the wave display window.

In the examples below the same AMP and OFFSET control values are applied to both a sine wave and a saw wave.

AMP: 100% OFFSET: 0% AMP: 150% OFFSET: 0%

(no waveshaping)

AMP: 150% OFFSET: -50% AMP: 150% OFFSET: 50%

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SHAPE : FOLD
FOLD waveshaping will cause the waveform to reflect negatively when shifted past the +5V or -5V limit on the wave
display window.

Note that when the FOLD waveshape mode is selected, the waveform control AMP becomes FOLD. When OFFSET
is 0%, a 100% FOLD value generates a first reflection, while a 50% FOLD value generates an unaltered waveform.

In the examples below the same AMP and OFFSET control values are applied to both a sine wave and a saw wave.

AMP: 100% OFFSET: 0% AMP: 150% OFFSET: 0% AMP: 200% OFFSET: 0%

AMP: 50% OFFSET: 0% AMP: 50% OFFSET: -70% AMP: 50% OFFSET: 30%
(no waveshaping)

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Program : Clock Output

The DATA’s Clock program provides four CV controlled Clock trigger outputs, which can be driven by either the highly stable,
BPM defined Internal Master clock, or can be synced to an external clock source (External Sync Mode). Each Clock output
rate is a multiple (DIV/MULT parameter) of the Internal Master or External Sync clock and can be offset in time from the source
clock up to one quarter note forward or backwards (+/-96 ticks).

The DATA’s Clock outputs can be used to trigger external sound generators directly (e.g., drum voices), acting as trigger
sequencers, or they can be used as variable clock sources to drive step sequencers or other time-based modules in
your system. With the use of CV modulation over the output clock parameters, very complex rhythms are possible, from
mechanical ratcheting to African-style drumming.

Clock - Internal Master Mode - Display Overview

BPM: Decimal quarter note
beats per minute of the PARAM: Push to scroll and CV: Push for the CV pop-up menu and
base clock generator. act on available main screen assign the CV source and attenuation
parameters (e.g., Master BPM, amount for any clock’s div/mult and
FREQ & PERIOD Display: The Clock div/mult, offset) offset modulation.
frequency (Hz) and period (ms)
of the base clock generator
(quarter notes) MODE: Push for the Mode
pop-up menu, choosing either
DIV/MLT: Division or multiplication INTERNAL MASTER mode or
of the base clock frequency to be EXTERNAL SYNC mode.
output. Setting to 1:1 produces
quarter notes, x4 gives 16th notes
(PPQN 4), x5.3 dotted 32nds, etc.
The final DIV/MTL value, adding
CV influence, is below in grey in
parentheses.
RUN/STOP: Push soft
button 1-4 to toggle RUN/
STOP of the clock generator.

RESET: Push soft button

OFFSET: Output clock’s shift +/- 96 1-3 to reset the clock
ticks (one quarter note) from the generator’s measure position
base clock. Final OFFSET value, (applies to longer division
adding CV influence, is shown to the INPUT2 - RESET: Indicates the function of settings). *This button is
right in grey in parentheses. INPUT2. Send a gate signal to reset the clock active on release for precise
generator’s measure position (applies to performance timing.
INPUT1 - RUN/STOP: Indicates longer division settings). This has the same
the function of INPUT1. Send a effect as pushing soft button 1-3 RESET.
gate signal to toggle RUN/STOP CV Control: Input channels 3 & 4 can be
of the clock generator (same as assigned control over any clock’s div/mult or
pushing soft button 1-4). offset parameters. Input range +/-5V (10Vpp)

Clock Out: Clock 1, 2, 3, 4 output,

5V peak-to-peak (0V to +5V)

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Clock - External Sync Mode - Display Overview

Most elements are the same as INTERNAL MASTER MODE referenced previously;
only those unique to EXTERNAL SYNC MODE are highlighted below.

EXT PPQN: The expected

pulses per quarter note (PPQN)
of the incoming external clock
signal (INPUT1 jack). This is
currently fixed at PPQN = 4,
or 16th notes, which is the
typical resolution of eurorack
sequencer clock out jacks

INPUT2 - RESET: Indicates the function of

INPUT2. Send a gate signal to reset the clock
generator’s measure position (applies to longer
INPUT1 - EXT CLK: Indicates the division settings). Some sequencers have a RESET
function of INPUT1. This is the input out jack; connect it here.
for incoming external clock signal.
Send in 16th note pulses 0-5V. Typically
connected to a sequencer’s CLOCK CV Control: Input channels 3 & 4 can be
output jack (but you could also use a assigned control over any clock’s div/mult or
square wave LFO) offset parameters. Input range +/-5V (10Vpp)

Clock Out: Clock 1, 2, 3, 4 output,

5V peak-to-peak (0V to +5V)

Clock - CV Input Pop-up Menu

Available in both INTERNAL MASTER and EXTERNAL SYNC modes.
All four CLOCK OUTPUT channels can be assigned a CV modulation
source, either input jack 3 or 4, for both their div/mult and offset
parameters. The ATTN column provides independent attenuation of
the incoming CV signal per modulation destination, allowing for the
same CV source to impact a number of destinations differently.

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Program : Voltage Monitor

The DATA’s Voltage Monitor program provides a four-channel voltage meter with time display, as well as four output channels
of continuous DC voltage (CV), momentary gate (GATE-MO), or latched gate (GATE-LA).

The voltage monitor display shows approximately 12 seconds of incoming information. For each channel display the thick
dotted center line represents 0V and the two fine dotted lines +/-5V. The display is designed to monitor constant or slowly
changing signals (LFOs, sequencers, manual CV or gate controls, etc.). Repeating signals at a frequency greater than 2 Hz will
experience display aliasing, as described in the DATA’s Oscilloscope Program section on aliasing distortion.

Output channels are configured via the OUTPUT pop-up menu in the top right corner. TYPE: CV configuration will output a
constant voltage from the channel’s output jack. To change this voltage, push the corresponding channel button at the bottom
of the display. The channel will then be highlighted in white and you can change the voltage via the encoder knob; scroll for
fine adjustment or push in while scrolling for coarse adjustment (1V per increment).

Output TYPE: GATE-MO configures the output as a momentary gate, where the voltage level set as G-HI is output only while
you press the associated channel button, otherwise the channel will output the G-LOW voltage. Output TYPE: GATE-LA
configures the output as a latched gate, meaning that the output voltage toggles between the high and low voltages with each
button press.

Voltage Monitor - Display Overview

OUTPUT: Push for

the OUTPUT pop-
up menu, to assign
output functions (CV,
Gate-Momentary,
Gate-Latch) and
Monitor Inputs: Inputs for Gate high and low
the four monitor channels. voltage values.
Voltage range is +/-10V.

CV/Gate Outs: Outputs for the four CV/Gate channels. Each can be either
a constant DC voltage (CV), momentary gate (G-M), or latched gate (G-L).
Push the channel buttons to either access the CV voltage value (and scroll
with the encoder knob to change) or engage the channel gate. Output
range is -5V to +10V.

Pro-tip: Most of the DATA programs with outputs will reset to 0V upon exit, but not the Voltage Monitor, which allows for fixed
voltage outputs while using the Tuner, Oscilloscope, and Spectral programs. Simply go to the Voltage Monitor, dial in your CV
voltage level, then go directly into the Tuner, Oscilloscope, or Spectral program and the outputs will stay where you set them in
the Voltage Monitor.

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Change Logs

SYSTEM FIRMWARE
DATE Revision Changes
171002 SYS V 01.02.02 Clock Output
• Complete program re-design, improving stability and range
• Increased output channels from 2 to 4
• Increased available number of div/mult factors from 20 to 32
Wave Output:
• Increased waveform resolution and reduced aliasing noise
• Optimized CV input processing for increased modulation rate
Moved LOAD button to opposite side of the display from the SAVE but-
ton in the Settings SAVE/LOAD program (per user request).
Bug fix - Rare OSX Apple Double SD Card file read error.
System wide optimizations in UI and memory buses.
170420 SYS V 01.01.00 Oscilloscope:
• Added XY Display (Lissajous curves)
• Added Minimal Display Mode
• Improved waveform drawing
Wave Output:
• Wave Folding Mode
Improved encoder knob handling and added encoder velocity system
wide.
Made various little improvements, system optimizations, and bug fixes.
161229 SYS V 01.00.00 Initial Release

BOOTLOADER FIRMWARE
DATE Revision Changes
161229 BOOT V 01.00.00 Initial Release

USER GUIDE

DATE Revision Changes

171002 171002 Added “What’s New” section to beginning of the User Guide.
Updated Clock Output section to reflect new design.
Updated SAVE/LOAD images
Updated TUNER freq maximum - was B7, should be F#7
Added note on Voltage Monitor CV output persistence
Added note on System vs. Bootloader firmware
Various small formating, wording, spelling changes
170531 170531 Added sections:
• Oscilloscope - Secondary Top Menu Functions
• Oscilloscope - XY Scope
• Oscilloscope - Minimal Display Mode
• Wave Out - Oscillator Waveshaping (CLIP & FOLD)

161229 161229 Initial Release

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