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DNS Delegations and DHCP

DNS allows domain namespaces to be divided into zones which can be stored on multiple DNS servers. DNS delegation refers to authoritative DNS servers passing control of subdomains to other name servers. For example, the "com" domain delegates subdomains like "google.com" to Google's name servers. DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses and configuration settings to devices on a network. A DHCP server holds IP addresses and settings. When a DHCP client requests an IP, the server provides one through a series of DHCP messages and establishes a lease for that IP.

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52 views12 pages

DNS Delegations and DHCP

DNS allows domain namespaces to be divided into zones which can be stored on multiple DNS servers. DNS delegation refers to authoritative DNS servers passing control of subdomains to other name servers. For example, the "com" domain delegates subdomains like "google.com" to Google's name servers. DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses and configuration settings to devices on a network. A DHCP server holds IP addresses and settings. When a DHCP client requests an IP, the server provides one through a series of DHCP messages and establishes a lease for that IP.

Uploaded by

manjeet chauhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DNS Delegations and

DHCP
DNS Domain Namespace
The naming system on which DNS is based is a hierarchical and logical tree structure
called the domain namespace .

Domain Name System (DNS) provides the option of dividing up the namespace into one
or more zones, which can then be stored, distributed, and replicated to other DNS
servers.
DNS Delegation
When the authoritative name server for a domain receives a request
for a subdomain's records and responds with NS records for other
name servers, that is DNS delegation. Essentially it is saying "I am
passing on authority for this subdomain to another collection of name
servers, go ask them for the details."

For example, "com" is a domain that delegates all (or perhaps almost
all) of its subdomains to other name servers. When a request is
received at a "com" name server for "google.com", the "com" name
server responds with NS records pointing to Google's name servers.
NS (Name Server)
Nameserver is a server on the internet specialized in handling queries regarding
the location of a domain name's various services.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP
● DHCP is a network management protocol used to dynamically assign an Internet
Protocol (IP) address to any device, or node, on a network so they can communicate
using IP.
● A computer running the DHCP Server service that holds information about available
IP addresses and related configuration information as defined by the DHCP
administrator and responds to requests from DHCP clients.
● A computer that gets its IP configuration information by using DHCP is DHCP client.
DHCP Server service provides the following benefits:
● Reliable IP address configuration. DHCP minimizes configuration errors caused by
manual IP address configuration, such as typographical errors, or address conflicts
caused by the assignment of an IP address to more than one computer at the same
time.
● Reduced network administration. DHCP includes the following features to reduce
network administration:
○ Centralized and automated TCP/IP configuration.

○ The ability to define TCP/IP configurations from a central location.

○ The ability to assign a full range of additional TCP/IP configuration values by


means of DHCP options.

○ The efficient handling of IP address changes for clients that must be updated
frequently, such as those for portable computers that move to different locations
on a wireless network.

○ The forwarding of initial DHCP messages by using a DHCP relay agent, thus
eliminating the need to have a DHCP server on every subnet.
How DHCP Works
DHCP provides an automated way to distribute and update IP addresses and other
configuration information on a network. A DHCP server provides this information to a DHCP
client through the exchange of a series of messages, known as the DHCP conversation or
the DHCP transaction. If the DHCP server and DHCP clients are located on different subnets,
a DHCP relay agent is used to facilitate the conversation.
DHCP Architecture
The DHCP architecture consists of DHCP clients, DHCP servers, and DHCP relay agents on a
network. The clients interact with servers using DHCP messages in a DHCP conversation to
obtain and renew IP address leases.
DHCP Terminologies
DHCP servers and DHCP clients communicate through a series of DHCP messages. To obtain
a lease, the DHCP client initiates a conversation with a DHCP server using a series of these
DHCP messages.

DHCPDiscover
DHCPOffer
DHCPRequest
DHCPAck
DHCPNack
DHCPDecline
DHCPRelease
DHCPInform
DHCP Protocols
The DHCP Server service includes support for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP), the Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol (MADCAP), and the
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP).
DHCP servers communicate with DHCP clients by using a series of DHCP messages. The
format of DHCP messages is based on the message format used with the BOOTP protocol.
The following are the key responsibilities of servers in making DHCP work:
● Address Storage and Management: DHCP servers are the owners of the addresses used by all
DHCP clients. The server stores the addresses and manages their use, keeping track of which
addresses have been allocated and which are still available.
● Configuration Parameter Storage and Management: DHCP servers also store and maintain other
parameters that are intended to be sent to clients when requested. Many of these are important
configuration values that specify in detail how a client is to operate.
● Lease Management: As we saw in the previous section, DHCP servers use leases to dynamically
allocate addresses to clients for a limited time. The DHCP server maintains information about each
of the leases it has granted to clients, as well as policy information such as lease lengths.
● Responding To Client Requests: DHCP servers respond to different types of requests from clients
to implement the DHCP communication protocol. This includes assigning addresses, conveying
configuration parameters and granting, renewing or terminating leases.
● Providing Administration Services: To support all of the above, the DHCP server includes
functionality to allow a human administrator to enter, view, change and analyze addresses, leases,
parameters and all other information needed to run DHCP.

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