Handbook of Ballistic and Engineering Data For Ammunition, Vol 1

~AL LiS7 N NINEEING DATA
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ABERDEEN~~~ PRVN RUD O

THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST
QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE COPY
FURNISHED TO DTIC CONTAINED
A SIGNIFICANT NUMBER OF
PAGES WHICH DO NOT
REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.
B.ULISTIC RBSEARCH LAORA7O0tGES EM~BOOK OF M2IGfII-TMR.IG DATA
Preface
For a niuber of years,. the Ballistic Research Laboratories

of Aberdeen Proving Ground have been making measurements of the
characteristics of projectiles, propelling charges, etc. While
these data are available i various Ballistio Research Labora-
tories reports, there is no sigle doctment 'w0hich contains a con-
cise tabulation of all the available information concerning the
respective articles which have begen subject to moasurement. It
vans pointed out by Colonel E. H. Zornirg that the utility of the
information Ymould be considerably enhanced if all acquired data.
were collected in a single docum~ent, Following Colonel Zornigt s
suggestion, the preparation of a handbook of such engineering
data as are available at the Ballistic Research Laboratories has
been initiated*
"be first rnmibers written by Mir. H. F. lHitdbh e deal 'with

projectiles. Later additional series pertaining to propelling
charges, guns, etc., will be proeaed.
T1he number of an item in the handbook consists of three

parts. The first part indicates the caliber, e.g., 6 in. -)r
5l5mm; the skeond indica~tes whether the item is a projectile,
a propelling Ahurge, or a guni; I denoting a projectile, 2, a
propelling charge, and 3, a gurn. The third part indicates the
modfel (Arabic) or mark number (Roman numerals). Thus l55-l'-III
refers to the 155m projectile MK III *xile 3-1-42 relers to the
V shel U42.Accusiorn For
NTIS CRA&M
DrIC TAP, 1
Uimfmw
.-
Av1dty _______t
MNINUNCED
TABLE OF CWNTENTn
VOLUME I - 20-1-95 TO 75-1-310 ThCL.
BRLH No. Paragraph Nos.
Shot, AP, 20-mm, M95 ................... 20-1 -S5 ........ !- 8

Shell, Incendiary, 20-mm, M98 ............. 20-1-96 ........ .- 7
Shell, HEI, 20-mm, M97 ................ 20-1-97 ........ 1-10
Shot, APC, 37-mm, M51 .................. 37-1-51 ........ 1-6
Shell, HE, 37-mm, M54 .................. 37-1-54 ........ 1-11
Shot, APC, 37-am, M59 .................. Y -I-59 ........ 1- 0
Shot, AP, 37-mm, M0.................... 37-1-80 ........ 1- 9
Shell, HE, 40-mm, Mark 2................ 40-1- 2 ...... 1-
Shot, AP, 40-mm, M81 or M81A............ 40-1-81 ......... 1- 8
Shell, HE. 57-mm, M306 .................. 57-1-306 ....... 1- 9
Shell, HEAT, 5'I-mm, M307 ................ 57-1-307 ......... I- 8
Shell, HE, e0-mw,.M49A2 .................. 80-1-49 ......... 1- 8
Shell, illuminating, 60-mm, M3Al ......... 60-1-83 ...... 1- 7
Shell, Smoke (WI), 60-mm, M302 .......... .0-1-302 ........ 1- 7
Shell, HE, 75,rm, M4lA1 .................. '75-141 ......... 1- 8
Shell, HE, 75-mm, M48 and M48E2 ......... 75-1-48 ........ .1-14
Projectile, APC, 75-mm, M61AI ............ 75-1-61......... .1- 8
Shell, HEAT, 75-mm, M66 ............... .75-1-46 ......... 1- 9
Shell, HE, 75-mm, )309 .................. 75-1-309 ......... 1- 8
Shell, HEAT, 75-mm, M310 ................ 75-1-310 ......... 1- 8
I!
I2
?4
r BR~I 20-1.95
Ballisti(c Research Laboratories Ballistic Research jl~ab.

LHandbook of Ballstic and Aberdeen PrTavir.a G1rc-wrd,
Engineering Data for Ammuition, Mary'land.
k No. 20-1.-95 DAA15 February 1949
She ,
/ for
AP, 20-mm, M95
With
1w Tracer
Section Pararaphs
I General---------------------- 1
HI Descripticr ----------------- 2- 4
iII Interior ballistic data ------------ 5
IV Exterior ballistic data --------- - -?
V Effect data-------------------- 8
BEC77ON 1
GENERAL
Paaraph
Purpose- -- -- -- - - -- - - --- - - -- - -- -- - - ------ -
1. -Purpose. The purpose of this number of the Wandacok is to furnish a canziclse col1-cticr. eA :nfor-
znation regarding the shape, dynimics, ballistics and effects of tt2 20-~ ,,~ r ~~ Sho! '-1 5, whtch
ccoita~ras a tracer compositio. Some diata are also given for the e5.pv ,. in'l A- =cr-plercIzvSh-1-T9E4
with Tracer, which Is sl.ghtly different from the MV5 (TgE5). This Wnortnatix is cou~etud frcn the dra--
ings, reports, and technical manuals pertalniog to this ammniton.
BPUJR 20.1.95 BALUMtTdC AND ENG IWEMNG DATA
a
ALL DMENSIONS IN CALIBERS
_- 4.14
-2DB - ZS-
H--
---
-- .1", .43 FL j 2 - F.67
SHOT, AP,20-MM, M95
._ 2.29
- 1.+x 2 ;~4 11,
& 2T, 4?, 20-M 2 TSE4

FOR SHOT. AP. ?CO.M? 5, L 20.i95
2.4
SECTION 17
DESCPIPTION
Draw s . . .. 2
Dimensions --
-
Physical characteristics - . . . . . . 4
2. Drawings.
Shct, AP, M95: ,n,1l parts assembly 75-2-333
Metal parts details 75-2-341
Shot, AP, T9E4: Assembly and details TAM 130
3. Dimeaslons. All dlmensicns beiow are in calibers.
A" Shot: 1495 T9E4

B and: Diztance from base 0.50 0.53
Widt-h 0,2 5 0.25
Bcdy: Length of cylndrial part 1.75 1.93
Lers.n of ogival • art 1.06 1,08
ru-.zde length c ogival part 0.30 0.24
RaS ius of ogival arc 1.43 1.45
Tctal length 3.08 3.01
Windihield assembly: Length of windshield 2.39 1.7
Outzide length of adapter 0.20
Length of assembly 1.99
Length of ogivalp art -7 1.85
Radius of arc 2.29 2.29
Shot: Total k'ength 4.14 4,!1
Bearing length -. 8 1.93
Effective ogival height 2.0t 2.23
4. Physical characteristics. The stan lard weisht -f Lre AP Sno N.M95 with tracer 1i 2S0C3 gral-s.
Tne measured physicaL characterlstics of the M'-95 Shot without tracer and the T9E4 Sho with
tracer are
as follos
kP Shct M95 TgE4

w/o tr with tr
We!git lb We? 2=X
Base to center of gravity cal0 1.488 1.474
Axial mcment of inertia Er.in2 148.8 154.5
Transverse moment of inertia gr.ir 958 957
F3.H 0195 BMUJST1C AND ENCWNEM~JN( DATA
3.6
I SECTION INI
WlTERMOR BALLTIC DATA
Theoretical yaw in bore------------ - -

--- ----- -- -- -- -- - ----
5. Theoretca1 yaw in bor. For the- AP Shot M95:
MWnbium 18 mr,
Maximum 22 muin
SECTION IV
MTMR BALLISTC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data----------------- - - ---- ----- -- -- -- -- -----
Firing table data-----------------: - - ---- ---- -- -- -- -- -- -----
-3. Aerodynamic da.

a. Draig. T'.e drag coefficient plotted ov page 5 was determined from resistance firings of the AP
Shot TOE-4 witha Tracer at Mach numbers from 0.75 to 2.75. The data li1sted below 'were determined frvom
time -of-fldght firing-, of the AP Shot MA95 with and withou±t Tracer.
MIU5YShot With tr W/o tr
Velocity (fps) 3000 3000

Form !actor (Projectile TypeS J 1; 1.12 1A5
Ballistic coefficient (Rrojectile TIYpe 5) C5 .413 .401
Drag coefficient K .149 .153
b. Stability. &. letter from the director of the Ballistic Research Laborat-rles to the -hie.; of
O.rdn.rncsv (APG 472.5/31"7-1821) gives data om the stablity of the A'P Shot 1495 without -Tracer. RL7 Re
-rt No. 1A5, "Aerodynamics of 20-n-m Projectiles", gives data cn the stability of the AP Stot Tar-A wit.1
Tracer.
AP Shot M95 Wo tr T9E4 with tr
Velocity (fps" 2700 17501

Moment coefficient XC i.68 1.47
Tlwistt Of riflibngl 11 V/25.586 U,625.586
,,ability factor s 2.2-98 2.78
BR.U-! 204-95
FOP SHOT. AP. 20-MM. 95 6
LiDRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NUMBER 4- "+-

SHOT,APi
O-ti, TAE4 -
-,,., . ..
-- K-+--.----
D' 0.1564 + 0.0670 SIN 0S -- i-I

1~
0.0403 + iOX4 A0
id41 X z0.0005V-0.555
, _ i20.27M (FPS)
It
I -I-
j -L.:f-
-t-It-.t1- ii.f.'t* -t.
- -_--
~ ~ - -- .. . - -=i
I
• t
+ - ---- l-
*L
*
*
i-L.4 4L4
, ."4,, j
---- r- 1""r---t---r-
---- -t±- _ . z-t+
+ .. -
rG
-4.
Ii t i + i 7 7 - i 7-I ,- A+
it ',,+
,-t-+.'' ',--r- ,.,- 'r- 0
.04--' I 1
2
- 1 L -6 29 tO
5
a l
-IPJ SO O ES N.,r PNG DA TA
ALU .M C A ,"N
7. Fhiag tzb!$ dLta. No fring tables have been prepared for the AP Shot M95. FT 20AC-J-i,
T 20AC-K-1, FT 20AC-L-i and T 20AC-M-i for 20-rmm Automatic Gins M2 and .3 firing HE Shell
T23 and HEI Sheii W~7 give data that are approximately correct for the AP Shot M95 (See L.. '"-1-97"/.
OCM items 28550 and MUM recommended and approved standarM'ation of the AP Shot M9 . its stardard
instrimental velocity is 2780 ff . at 90 feet from the M2 Gun.
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph M
Peneliatlion - ...............-. ---------------
............---- 8
S. Peab atio. The follcwing graphs, showing the penetration of armor plate by the 20-mm AP Shot
M95, were taken from Volume III of Aerminal Ballistic Datae.
PFOR SHOT. AP. 20-INIM M5 BIJI20-1.95
aENETRAl fON VE0-YCRE

'4 HOOGEEEOUSARMOR PL-ATC-
1-- J- 1 iiL v 1TE INi
4
*~4 4-n-L,
a II
J ~~~ 40 120 ~ o i60
III
IBRLH:2M .95 BAWUST. AND ENVa~CDATA
PENTRTIN ELXI YCURVES 2L

4r--C 4M1= AMO PLATE L-
1 44 r* I-
. 4 .rr'.4
'44., -44
94pps
-".OCT ;:MA
___~ ~ ~ ~~ T -1-_____
1 __________ - -____
±E
4-.L 2 _ _ _ _ _ f . .~__. . . . . .
goo080 10 1600 2000 2400 2800

B:llistic Reoeaxch IxtraH-les M--.l Lao.
-Frne-erL-;Data for Amnto.Maryvland.
'or
Sect!--. irtrazrarcz
I Gt-ora; --- ---

--- -- -
t.1 - D;- n - -- --- -- ------
2telc-
E1 b tic data------------
P---P-,Zc'
-
PU3,V--e
-prv-not.Z-4 rl, thei -akibc !s 6-7~n -- s
m-ali'mrez
ynam.--=-A smaya. -f--
-'- t" llt--!-= -MW. oiar S : Vlr -. ~s .-m m
... gtiai~~~ y -earm

-h -z -i- -..- - - - c-1n-, -... - --
Shcllcell t4pwid:
MLrtm23 rprt svanngts
-1-2-2,4
LPRU-I 20-1.96 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA
2
w I
0*0
zO0
_j)
zz
ww
FOR SHELL INCENDIARY. 20-MM. M96 BRLH 20-1-%
3.5
9
3. Dimensions.
Band: Distance from base 0.50 cal
Width 0.25 cal
Body: Length 2.91 cal
Length of cylindrical part 2.39 cal
Length of ogival part 0.52 cal
Radius cr.
•, val arc 2.54 cal
Nose: Length 1.17 cal
-
Conical ang-e 31°21
Shell: Total length 4.08 cal
Head length 1.69 cat A
4. Physical characteristics.
Weight: Standard 1920 grains
Measured 1993 grains
Base to center of gravity 1.553 cal 2
Axial moment of inertia 155.5 gr.in
Transverse moment of inertia 1305 gr.In2
SECTIC I
MIERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore .....- .... ...-..-..---------------- 5
5. Theoretical yaw in bore.
Minimum 8 min
Maximum 13 min
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR UALLNM DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data -- -8------- --- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- 6
FL-ing table dat --- ---------------- -- -- -- --- ---
3
BRLt 20-1-96 BALTUSC AND ENGINEERINC DATA
6.7
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. The following values were determined from time-of-flight firings.
Velocity 2800 fps

Projectile weight 1920 gr
Form factor (Projectile Type 5) i5 1.16
Ballistic coefficient (Projectile Type 5) C5 .383
Drag coefficient "D .156
b. Stability. BRL Report No. 515, "Aerodynamics of 20-mm Projectiles", gives data on the stability
of Incendiary Shell M96.
Velocity 2750 fps
Moment coefficient KM 1.09

Twist of rifling I/n 1/25.586
Stability factor s 2.80
7. Firing table data. No firing tables have been prepared for the Incendiary Shell M96. FT 20AC-1-1,
F'1 20AC-K-1, FT 20AC-L-l and FT 20AC-M-1 fcr 20-mm Automatic Guns M2 and M3 firing HE Shell T23
and HEI Shell M97 give data that are approximately correct for the Incendiary Shell M96 (see OH 20-i-97).
0CM items 26550 and 26906 recommended and approved standardization of the Incendiary Shell M96. Its
standard instrumental velocity is 2810 fps at 90 feet from the M2 Gun.
BIS 0.97
BallTstic
HandbookResearch Laboratories
of Ballistic ma BalUitc Research Lab.
Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Engnering Data for Ammuntion, Maryland.
No. 20-1-97 15 February 1949
BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

for
Shell, HEI, 20-mm, M97
with
Fuze, PD, M75
Section Paragraphs
I General ------------------ I
U1 Description ----------------- 2-4
Mi Interior ballistic data --------- 5 -8
rq Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 -9
V Effect data ------------------ 10
ECTIOC I
GENERAL
Purpose -- - ------ --- ---------- - - - - - - - --

I. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of Infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 20-mm High Explosive Incendiary Shell
M97 with the Point Detonating Fuze W75. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing
tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
0.
~771
BRLH MOI-97 BALliSTIC AND ENCJNEEFJUNC DATA

2
q9I
upI
r FFM * L HE, 20MMK M97 BRLH 20.1-97
2-4
SECTION
DESCRIPTION
Drawings r aw i n gs......................-- 2
Dimension -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .- 3
Physical characteristics -....................... 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-335
Fuze: Assembly 73-1-193
Details 73-1-194
3. Dimensions.

Width 0.25 cal
Body: Length of cylindr'cal part 2.41 cal
Length of ogival part 0,65 cal
Radius of ogival arc 2.54 cal
Fuze: Oatside length 1.05 Cal
Conical angle 200241.
Length: Shell 3.06 cal

Shell and fuze 4.11 cal
Ogitve and Atze 1.70 cal
a. The physical characteristics of the HE Shell T23 with the PD Fuze T71E4, of which the present
projectile is a slight modification, are as follows:
Weight 2000 grains

Base to center of gravity 1.643 cal
Axial moment of inertia 165.0 gr.in 2
Transverse moment of inertia 1442 gr.n 2
b. The standard weight of the HEI Shell M97 with the PD Fuze M75 was changed by OCM item 26553
to 2039 grains.
r L 20-X97 XBALIJSTIC AND ENCN.F.ING DATA
SECTIFONS
A B C
-622
1 +4T4 117
"'06 15
*234
+416
J
4
LONItUDINAL...
AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS
DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

FOR SHELL . 20-MMK W7 BRL8 20-1-97
5-7
SECTION La
iwzmOR BALLISTIC r TA
Paragrap
Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .. 5
Theoretical yaw in bore .....................- - 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation m page 4 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential stress at each of three sections: ki,,
the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the front
of Lhe bnd seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.
Gun, Automatic, 20-mm M2

Twist of rifling 1/25.586
Cross-sectional area of bore 0,5148 sq in.
?lated maximum pressure 48,000 psI
Total weight of projectile 0.2913 b (2039 gr)
Muzzle velocity 2800 fps
De-tnslty of filler (Incend tetryl) 0.0505 lb per -u In.
Resultant Streiss* Section
0 .psi A B C
Lwngitldinal -222 -720 -378

Radial +474 +108 + 65
Tangential -822 +418 +2M
* + denotes tension, - denotes compression.
6. Theoratical yaw in bore.

MPnimum 8 min
* Maximum 13 min
SECT7ON T
EXTERIOR BALLTSTEC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......-..... ....- .- .-----------------
7
Firing table data: Automatic Gun W42 -...-.-.-.-.-.-.---- -------- 8
Firing table data: Automatic Guns W43, ?A23 and M24 .--.-.-.-------- 9
7. Aerodynamic data. The following data, taken from Bsdiistlc Research Laboratory Report No. 515,
"Aerod'-namics of 20-mm Projectiles", pertai to the HE Shell T23 (Dwg TAM 371) with the PD Fuze T71E4
(Dwe TAM (301):
5
B 24
M,1-97 BALUSIZC AND EUNINEFRNG DATA
Velocity u 2800 fps

Weight In 200 gr
Form factor (Projectie Type 4,: 4 1.1
Ballistic coefficient (Projectile Type 5) C5 0.404
Drag coefficient KD 0.? 55
Cross Wind Force coefficient KL 1.27
Normal Force coefficient 1.43
Base to Center of PDressure h 2.40 cal
Overturning Moment coefficient KM 1.09
YL/KM 117
Ratio of ccaffictents -K .17
7
Drft function KL/ 1.49 x i-,J
Yawing Moment coefficient 1.56

Lt
Magnus Moment coefficient K -0.005
Twist of rifling (7' angle) 1/n 1/25,586
Stability factor S 2.85
$. Mug U data. Automatic GuA 30 (67.52-inch Tube). FT 20AC-1-1, FT 20AC-K-1 with

supplement and FT 20AC-L-1. Twist of rifling: 1/25.586 (7' angle). OCM items 26550 and 26906 recom-
mended and approved standardizatin of the HEI SheU M97 wit the PD Fuze M75. Its starar.. .nstrumental
velocity Is 2'780 to at 90 fe- from the M2 Gun. The firing tables were comp-ted for a pry;e:tlie weight of
2000 g"rans, which is that of .:.e HE Shell T23 with tme PD Fuze T?1F4, and a muzzle vel -city of 2750 fps.
a. Form factor. Thv !crm factor of the 2000-Vgrain HE Shell relative to the 20-mm AP Shet TgE4,
whose dag coefficien is i-ven in BRLH 20-1-95, is i 0.905.
b. Ballitic coefcle. The ballistic coefficient with respect to the drag functio of the 20-imn
AP Shot T9E4 is C - 0.510.
=6
FOR SHEL.L HE . 2-M.Nt M97 BRLH82.-97
8-9
c. Stability factor (normal) ,- 2.85
d. Da ping coefficients. c' - 0.001,548,8 ft "

, 0.000,097,8 ft.1
(e. Windage j mp coefficient. b - 86,600 mil. fps
i . Yaw-drag coefficient. K,6- 16.4 rad 2
g.Traectory data.
(1) FT 20AC-J-1 gves trajectory data for:
(a) Present range, nearly horizontal flghi, and gun flexible in elevation.
(b) Present range, inclined flight, and gun fixed at low elevation.
(2) FT 20AC-K-I and Its supplement give trajectory data for tuture range, horizcntal flight, and
all-around fire.
(3) FFT 20AC-L-1 gives trajectory data for future range, horizontal and diving flight, and forward
flre.
9. Firing table data Automatic Guns U3, M23 ad M?4 (52.50-inch Tube T31).
FT 2OAC-K-2. Twist of rifling: 1/25.586 (70 angle). The firing table was computed for a projectule
weight of 2000 grains, which is that of the HE Shell T23 with the PD Fuze T71E4, and a muzzle velocity of
2880 fps.
a. Form factor (relative to AP Shot T9E4) i = 0.905
b. Ballistic coefficient (drag function of AP Shot T9E4) C - 0.510
c. Stability factor (normal) s K 2.85

1
d. Damping coefficients. c' - 0.001,548,8 ft-
c" - 0.000,099,2 ft
e. Windage jwp coefficient. b - 104,311 mil. fps
"2
f. Yaw-drag coefficient. Km - 16.4 rad
g. Trajectory data. FT 20AC-K-2 gives trajectory data for future range, horizontal flght and
all-arouand fire.
RRL 201I-97 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
I0
SECTON"V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Fragmentation -.----------- -- - - - -- - - -- -- --- -- 10
10. Fr gmelato. The following table, taken from Volune I of "Terminal Ballistic Data", gives
the casualties due to fragmentation of the HEI Shell M97. The initial fragment velocity Is 1960 fps.
TABLE 37
CASUALTIES
Average For the lightest
Distance Total number number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity
(ft) fragments ments per sq ft (oz) (fps)
r N B In v
10 30 0,0239 0.024 1570
20 21 0.0042 0.033 1340
30 15 0.0013 0.042 1190
40 11 0.0005 0.050 i 090
50 20 0.0003 0.057 1020
60 9 0.0002 0.063 q72

70 8 0.0001 0.089 929
80 7 0.0001 0.075 891
BRLH 37.1.511
Ballistic Research Laboratories Bailistic Research Lab.

Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Prcving Ground,
Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.
No. 37-1-51 17 February 1949
BALLITIC AND ENGTNEERING DATA

for
Shot, APC, 37-mm, M51
with
Self-destroying Tracer
Section._ Praraphs
i General -------------------- I
H Description ----------------- 2- 4
III interior ballistic data -------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 6 -7
V Effect data ------------------ 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
- ------ -. ---------.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- - 1
1. Purp-os. The purpose of this number of the ha.Jbook is to furnish a concise c.ilection of infor-
mati%. :4&:oa;ng thC shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 37 -mn, Ar.or-pier:ing Capped Sho M51,
which . a self-lest-royIng tracer composition. This inf:rmatien is collected from the drawings, re-
ports, firing tabes, and technical manuals pertaining to this am munitii.
I"
I
1=N
[ 2!
i I
ZlF]
J~.%11. i 3
tI
' I.
.%_"__i
ti
\,>.I
--
I I."t "
III-" -%',
iwi
4!
1 4-
I 3. Dmensiols. m
Phan------c s-c-------- - --- - --- ------ - ----
2. Drav~ng.
Sh:M-etai oca.tf- ssemvaid-ea s
3. DimenffsionIs.
Baa- C~'P-tt srd 3*--Ac:&-

"'5 n4".'
Cam: L-,-' ,a.¢

I iaL.iee iegt.) ,
a iISOfa.- cal
C'-?..
* c-' -" -
Tho ' c.c ca

Total so
4- Physical characteriti~cs- -- es. dat4 apply tothe Shot i.." "- raczerzcits.
ie"ned
Mean wes s, .ndard)

-,-t
''ra:-rsee-se zncent of inertia32 zn
cai
$6
I
BRIH 37.1-51 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5.6
SECTION III
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore ....- .......- .-.-.-------------. 5

Minimum 13 min
Maximum 22 min
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......- ..........- ....----------------- 6
Firing table data ......- ............-.....----------------- 7
a. Drag. The3e data were obtained from time-of-flight firings.
Drag function G6
Ballistic coefficient 0.984
Form factor 0.92
Drag coefficient, KD 0.101
b. Stability. Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 225, "Stability of 37-mm HE Shell M63, AP
Shot M51, and Proof Projectile MS?"', gives the stability factors which were determined for this projectile
at muzzle velocities of 2740 fps ond 1350 fps. It was fired from the Sub-caliber Tube M1925 whose twist
of rifling is 1/40. The Tank Gun MC is rifled with a twist of 1/25.
MV Twist of Stability M.nment Coef.

fp, Rifling Factor KM
1350 1/40 1.23

2740 1/40 1.18
Avg 1/40 1.205 1.35 (computed from the moments
1/25 3.1 of inertia of shot with unburnt
tracer composition and the observed
stabiity factor)
4j
4-
FOR SHOT, APMC 37-MM, MS1 BRLH 37-1.51
7
7. Firing table data. FT 37-S-3.

Gun, 37-mm, M6 (.nounted in Light Tanks M3A3 and M5A, by applying suitable corrections to the
elevation, the firing table may be used for Light Tanks M3AI and M5 and the Light Armored Car M8).
Twist oi Rifling: 1/25. Muzzle Velocity: 2900 fps. Projectile weight: 1.92 lb. OCM Items 14801 and
14859 recommended and approved standardizat,on of the AP Shot M51. Item 17699 changed its designation
to APC Shot M51.
I
BRLH 37-1-51 BALLSTIC AND ENGINEU~INr, DATA
7
k -44ft-1 BALLIT
M RANGOEND- J~E -'jf 4AG
Al- I I
_u~h~ I
t* 41 1 41
4-i-
0 100aoo ~ 00 r H4
400 500
[FOR SHOT. AM. 37-MiM. M51I BRL-H 37-5.1
7
4t~21I~ELEVATIO4-RANGE CURVE j
70 4-4
-4;11
-T)j
400 3400 01
J-11
L RIM 37-1-51 BALUflIC AND ENGINELRING DATA
I.~~~TM
t 2
OFI LIGH-
F-A-;~- RANG. CURVE EOFIGTSE
4ip{ii.'-
L4 1
I 'r-jj
Tj..I: t~jr[i:
I t
.......
2207it 7 ttI
2400J2;l>-t
i tI V 7. rl
'r-
4+ I5
F
-FK ____>
w --
z0 400 00 -44-0
LZ
FOR SHOT. APC. 37-16, M51 BRLH 37-1-51
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetrat on - -------- --- ------ - - - - - - ----
b. Penetration.
a. Ballistic Limits. Homogeneous armor plate.
Plate Ballistic Number

ThiclMess Brinneil Obliquity Limit In
inches Harness deg. Type fps Average
1.00 291 0 Army 1257 3

1286 20 1345 1
289 30 1396 2
371 0 1034 4
374 20 1160 5
364 30 1518 2
402 0 986 2
402 20 1141 3
402 30 1463 2
i.125
1.18
306
277
0
0
1 1410
1383 I
2
1.25 248 0 1453 1

273 0 1388 9
307 0 1333 4
1,50 233 0 1590 13
269 0 1614 53
320 0 3.639 8
363 0 1572 2
360 20 1724 2
i.75 273 0 1775 1
274 20 !744 5
2,30 242 0 1860 2
242 20 2036 2
_ j 274 0 20 14
289 0 2032 1
317 0 1990 8
325 20 '2182 4
2.50 324 .0 2308 2
o,--, 363 03 Navy 121 i
0.875 392 0 143 2
417 0 1921 2
--- 4.3 986 I

.27 1563 )5
1 I75 I I 7
189
2.0 3 __74_ 7
-
I
BrLH 37-151 BAtL_'T1c AND ENGINT.-EPJNG DAIA
8
b. Ballistic Limits. Face-hardened armor plte.
Thickness---Plate Obiquity Ballistic

Limit Nuiber
In
inches de9 Type fps Average
0.75 0 Army 1449 14

25 1038 4
1.00 0 1023 11
20 1148 4
30 1298 7
40 1539 6
1.50 0
20
1656
2011
30
1_2 1
0.50 0 Navy 1003 3
0.625 0 1460 1
1.00 0 1384 8
20 1298 5-
29 1490 1
30 1394 5
40 1549 3
46.43 1831 1
1.50 I 0 1871 1I
20 1991 14
30 2057 8
c. Vulnerability of German tanks. The foll.ving data on vulnerability of German tanks

(Panzerkampfwagen) to APC Shot M51, fired from the 37-mm Tank Gun M8 at a muzzle velocity of
2900 fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammuit!-on".
Maximum Vulnerable Range - Yards

Tank Model Mi V-
Attack Angle 0 5 25
Frontal Turret Sides 25913 950 ' 259"3 53

Q-.
Turret Front 1200 --- 11170 ---
F nk Turret"Rear 2970 15007 970 1340 0
Turret Sides "2590 9-0 2590 95, 1
Turret Front 1200 --- 1170 " '
Upper Hull Sides 3200 1730 420-1 3 IU
Lower Hull Sides 3200 1730 .232a:) 173A0 7
Rear Turret Rear 2970 1500 297.

, 134- -
Turret Sides 2590 950 117 0 950 i
Turret Front 1200 --- 117-0 . ..
Upper Hull Fear 1460 --- 80 0A
Loser Hull Rear !580 --- 4800 3 I43
10
___________
-J
FOR SHOT. APC. 37-MMN. M BRLH 37.1-51
H. -HAMMVtU8
HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE T-44
rNAVY ORTERION H!
I00 VO.M7Ot4RINLWL CDT

FROp
M
t 4-
r4 ifI
I BRIM 37.1-51 BALLISMIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
H I -' -4EI-1ATIUN -VELOCITY OL(VS

FAC HARDENED ARMOR PLATE
V NAVY CRITERION
30CQFROM VOL.N1 F*ERIA BALLISTIC LAMA
F 1 Hj4 i~iANGoLE OFr iNCID)ENCE-
[ --
2006k 4:177 u.
-
4-
Li II
I -*1' '
14441 ~ * 177
1400
BRLH 37.1.54
I-
Balis:tic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.
Handbook of Ballistic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,

No. 37-1-54 18 February 1949
BALLETIC AND ENGVOMEERIDG DATA

for
Shell, HE, 37 -am, :M-5
with
Shell-destroying Tracer
and
Fuze, PD, M56
Section Paragraphs
i General -------------------- I
TI Description ----------------- 2 -4
In interior ballistic data--------- -5 - 6
iv Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 - 10I
V Effect data ------------------ 11
SECTIO I
GENERAL
Paragraph
1. Purpose. The pt-pcs-e of "this number of the 1handbook is to furnish a zcnt-se

- , ,,ollezton
-f nfor-
.atio= regarding the shape, dynamics, balliotlcs and effects of the 37-mm High ExpinsiVe -hell 1454 with
SheUi-dettrzying Tracer and the Point Detonating Fuze ,M56.This information Is cOileted from the dray-
Ings, reports and firing tables pertalning to this ammunItIon.
8RLH 37-1-54 BALLIS-1IC AND EUNGINEERING DATA
~~Lr
i
Z C!_
___a-
0*,'
_ _ _ _
Fi-n;i
l
71c
V0
I I
r FOR SHELL HE. 374.MA M54
V Mill 37-54
2.4
SECTION 11
DESCPJPTION
ararph
Drawings .......- ....... .....-. ..--------------------- 2
Dimensions ................................ 3
Physical characteristics .....- .... ...-...-..---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Lmding assembly and details 75-14-225
Fuze: Assembly 73-2-i58
Details 73-2-159
160, l1
3. Dimensions,
Boattall: Angle 9°0,

Length 0.94 cal
Rand: Ditance from boatta-1- 0.34 cal
Ditance from base 1.25 Cal
, ,uu 0. vcal
Cylindrical body: Length 1.21 cal
give: Length 0.67 cal

R adlus of arc 4.32 cal
uze: Oitside legth .2 ca
Leneth: Shell 2.82 r.ai

Shell and fuze 4.02
Cgive and fuze 1_87
r ~Mean weight (standiard) 0 a

Base to center of gravity 1
Va
Axial moment of inertia* $.374 i
-ransverse moment of Wertia' 24 '
easured with the HiE Shell T12 and alumin- yvCur
uze .Th- bDum
iEZ"helM sas;ignt"
j - ification of the H; Shell 712 he P' Fuze 166 r.-a same --nit t,"- =n,. exzep.
for a scre, with a fiat head about 3-6 inch Ln diameter that c t n the Mb Fuze.
"I ,e.
.th 5ue
[ a - _ - -
II
BRI 37-t454 JIALUS1IC AIN!) ENGINEEflNG DAT1A
SECTIONS
A
-79
+5+81
-239 -563w
+ 353
LoNGltruDINAL
AXES OF RESULTANT St7RESS

FOS4E..HE 37.>mm. W-S' BPJ= 37-.4
SECflCr1 M
INTEJOR BALLISTIC DAT A
-Str---esses- --- --- - - - - -

'Iheorei~ i 1 ~ 'I Ctr e.O
--- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - -
5. Stresses. Th s
table~ -e gah-- rpe=-U' 4 t
r-adial and tangential stress at ea Ci tw: zeclucs. re z~rMo- .the bamd seMa Re
o' he b-anset
Oraoss-sectlraz area Of b-v :.2 s-;in

ed matrrucz ;ress-re xz' s
.Muzze veIlcr n.
~~~ensltte s!.. en'-es -

t
6. Thbeoreticala yaw in br,
EX T-U'tO BA'LITN--C DATA
I~
In -~ -~- - -'
- -- - ----
~ -- -~ - - - -%t=='
I.m
BRLH 37.1-54 BALM=TI AND ENC.INEERNG DATA
7
DRGCOEFFICIENT VSMACH NUM R

I SHELL, HE, 37-MM M54
:IL 'l I 41IT
tI-i-tjFUZE, PD, M 56
T- -1 1iLj
*-- *
i t..
+ I tt
z' _ t-_l
IfI
;T
D -T
.44-
FOR SHELL HE. 37-MM. M54 BRUt4 37.1.54
7.8
7. Aerodynamic data. The drag coefficient plotted on page 6 and the aerodynamic data tabulated
below were taken from Ballistic Research Laboratory Reports No. 354 and 357, "Aerodynamlos aof 37-mm
HE Shell M54" and "Damping of Calibers 0.30 and 3.59 Bullets and 37-mm HE Shell". The time of flight,
drift, and yaw fi--ings were conducted with ...e HE Shell 1,154 and the -D Fuze M56 without the det-nator.
Veiccity U 2303 fIPS
Drag coefficient K,0. 161
Normal Force coeffient KN 1.14
Base to Center of Pressure h 3.20 cal
0.:erturniing Moment coefficient xM 1.89
-Ratio of coefficients K /K 0.518
Drift function - 2~K~13.0 x 10-8
Yawing Moment coeff lcient KH 3.16
Magnus Moment coe-Ificient K1 -0.19
Twist of Riling 1/n 1/30 1/25

Stabi lity factor s 1.66 2.3 9
8. Firing table data. Automatic Gun M1A2. (Antiaircraft)

FT 37A-.-"-2. TIwist of rifling; 1/30. Muzzle veoi;2500 fps 1(the standard Muzzle veilclty
for a newi gun i1S263C'- fpsi. 3CM items 15811 and 15806 reciommended aria app-roved Standardization -11
'he HE Shell M.54 and 7-: Fuze W156 in the Automatic Gn 'M14.2.
a. Form factor (Proj Type 5). 1 0.22

b. Ballistic coefficient (Proji T yp, 5).
c. Trajectory data. rrajectory and time curves .-I- a muzzle veiocItyo 25a.X fp~s are glven -:n
the trajectory chart, which is appended the firing tables.
Maximii . norizontal r-ange 8875 yd

Maximumn ordinate 6200 yd
7_
DRU-i 371-54 BALUSTIC AND ENCJNEERING DATA
9-10
9. Firing table data. AutomatIc Guns M4 and M10 (Aircraft).

FT 37AC-AO-l and FT V7AC-AX-i. Twist Of rifling: 1/25. Mduzzle velocity: 2-1) fps. The M'1n
Gun is a mc-dification of the M4 .3un, with a disintegrating belt feed. CCM Items 1581 1 and 1'-866 rez-ommende'l
and approed standaridzatlmn of the HE Shell M54 and PD Fuze M56 in the Automatiz Gun M4.
a. Form factor. The form factor of the HE Shell with PD Faze M56 relative to Its M.Vn
Th4drag
function Is 1 = 1.003.
b. Balilstlc coefficient. The ballistic coeffizient of this 1.34-lb projectile relative to its mun drag
function is C = 3.631. The drag coefficient curve i- shown on page 6. The 'drag function' to which
FT 37AC-AO-i refers is G/3.531: the ballistic coefficient relative to this function is 1.00.
c. Stability factor (normal). s s . 2.39

d. Damping coefficients. c' .1
c--0:000,366 Pi-
00,2ft-
e. Windage jump coefficient. b - 38,000 ill. fps

2
f. Yaw-drag coefficient. K 16.4 rad -
g. Trajectory data. 37AC-AO-1 gives time of flight and vertical and lateral deflections for
'FT
all-around fire from a gun mownted in aircraft in horizontal flight. F- 37AC-AX-l giv.s similar iata
for limited rl-e from a gun m -nned in aircraft in .. rizontal flight, with zorrections for a irVe angle of
800 i'll".
Firing table data. Automatic Gur. M9 (Aircraft).

C37AC-BF-i and FT 3'AC-BL-1 . Twist of rifling; 1/30. Muzzle velco'ity: 2550 fps (the stan-
.. inwzzL_ veiacity for a nev; in is 2500 fps). items 15811 and 15866 recommended and approved
-CM
standardization of "he HE Shell M54 ia PD Fuze M56 In aircraft guns.
a. Form factor. The form factor of the HE Shell M54 wi 'P Fuze M56 relative to its own drag
fu.nction is I w 1.50
b. Ballistic coefficient. The ballistic ,oe""fcient of this 1.34-It projectile relative its own arag
f -n 's 7 3.531. The drag zcefficient curv-:s shown on page . The 'drag funct ' to which
FT 37V - -1 refers is G/3.d3i: the ballisti coefficient relative tnis function is 1.03.
rOR SHELL HE. 37-MM. M54
F BRJ-I 37.154
10.11
c. Stability factor (normal).
d. Damping coefficients.
s
c
I1.660.001, It
0.000,066 ft-I
e. Windage jump coefficient. b =40,375 rail. fps
2
Te -16.4 rad-
f. Yaw-drag coefficient. "D6
g. Trajectory data, FT 37AC-BF-1 gives tume cf flight and vertical and lateral deflections for
all-around fire from a gun mounted in aircraft inhorizontal flight. FT 37AC-BL-1 gives time of flight.
gun elevation, and lateral defiecti n for forward fire from a gun mounted in aircraft in horizontal flight.
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Fragmentation -- --------- ---- --- ---- --- ---- -- 11
11. Fragmentation. FYrng Record P36686 gives the results of a fragmentation test of three HE
Shell M54 with a modified PD Fuze M56, conducted at Aberdeen Proving Ground. Two semI.-circular
panels 6 feet high were made of pine boards with a nominal thickness of 1 inch: panel A had a radius of
iD feet; panel R, 20 feet. Each shell was suspended at the common center of the circular arcs ina plane
bisecting the panels with its axis horizontal and directed toward the edges of the panels. The shell were
detonated statically. The velocity of some of the fragments was meaured at a distance of i0 feet. The
namber of perforations and penetrations ineach board were counted. The following table gives the ve-
,ocity in each spray and the number of perforations and penetratiors in each panel.
Round Velocity - fps I--.rforations Penetrations

No. Side Nose Tail A B Total A B T Ra!
1 3A0 1460 ---- 21 11 32 157 63 220

2 2520 ---- 1900 41 12 53 1i 119 310
3 ---- 730 1330 30 16 46 93 108 20i
BRIM 37-1.59
Ballistic Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.

Handbook of iBallistlc and Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Engineering Data for Ammunition, Maryland
No. 37-1-59 21 February 1949

!or
Shot, APC, 37-mm, M59
with
Sell-destroying Tracer
Section Pragraphs
I General ---------------------- 1
I Descripticn----------------- 2 -4
III Interior ballistic dsa ---------- 5
W. Exterior ballistic data --------- - 8
V Effect data ------------------- 9
SECnotK I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose -- - - ------ ---------- - - - - - - - - --
1. purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
matlon regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 37-mw Armor-piercing Capped Shot
M59, which contains a seli-destroying tracebcomposition. This information is collected from the draw-
!gs, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
i
iI
II
*k
BRLI! 37.1.59 B.ALLZSMC AND ENCINEEJUNG DATA
2
faa
0a
[
FOR SHOT. APC, 37.MM M59 BRLH 37.-59
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawing -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . ..- . .-. - .-. 2
Dimensions ------ --- -- ---------- --- ---- -----. 3
Physical characteristics -....................... 4
2. Drawing.
Shet: Metal parts assembly and detail 75-2-289
3. Dimensions.
Width 0.50 cal
Cylindrical part of body: Length 1.80 cal
Ogival part of. body: Length 1.09 cal
Outside length 0.28 cal
Radius of arc 1.61 cal
Cap: Length 1.06 cal
Radtus of arc 8.92 cal
Vertical angle 1200
Length: Shot body 2.89 cal
Total ogive 1.34 cal
Total projectile 3.14 cal
Weight (standard) 1.91 1b
Base to center of gravity 1.450 cal
Axial moment of inertia 0.4835 lb.in 2
Transverse moment of inertia .315 lb.n 2
SECTION 1IM
INTERIOR BALLB1T DATA
Theoretical yaw 4n bore .....- ..........-...---------------- 5
Minimum 13 min
Maximum 22 M.n-
L9
RRLH 37-1-59 BALUSM AND ENCINTXANG DATA
6
DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NLMBER

-4 SHOT, APO, 37-MM, M59 WITHOUT TRACER T
7-1
a K OOI1243i 12 V K H
D D6
V 11120.2?M(FPS)
1 t
: tt
R1 lit
4c if
I If
I If
f it
+
If 110,
if
36
i t II
It II If f i t 1 -1 I I
14+
I if if
4- ---4-
if I I I if I I If
it
I-F
.to fit
tit -
I fi t ; I II
Ell.
ME it
-4 if it
T T
H- ilt.
fix;
14 -- li t
i 47-
t
0.5 Lo 3b 3.5
4
FOR SHOr, AM 37.M. M59 BRIH 37-1-59
6.7
SECTION IV
LParagrapi~
Aerodynamic data ......-... .. ..-..-.-.------------------- 6

Firing table data: Automatic Gun, MIA2 ..--.-.-.-.--- ----------- 7
Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9------------------------------ 8
6. Aerodynamic data. The drag coefficient plotted on page 4 was determined from resistance firings
of the APC Shot M59 without tracer at Mach numbers from 1.1 to 2.25. The other data listed below were
taken from Ballistic Research Lab3ratory Report No. 436, "Yaw and Drift of 37-mm Armor-piercing Shote,
and pertain to M59 Shot with tracer.
Velocity u 2800 fps
Drag coefficient KD 0.396

Normal Force Coefficient KN 0.489
Base to Center of Pressure h 1.96 cal
Ovierturning Moment coefficient KM 0.250
Ratio of coefficients KL/K M 0,37
Drift function Q T /Ku 2 4.7 x 10-8
Yawing Moment coefficient KH 1.62
Magnus Moment coefficient K1 -0.125
Twist of rifling i/nl 1/30

Stability factor a 12.15
7. Firing table data. Automatic Gun MIA2 (,Anti2rcrft).

FT 37AA-N-2, Ci. Twist of rifling: 1/30. Muzzle v.i'7:2050 fps. OCM items 16088 and 16144
recommended and approved standardization of the AP Shot M59 in the Automatic Gun MIA2. OCM item
17699 changed its designation from AP to APC.
ORLH 37.1-59 RALUSTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA
7
a..FRM
F~TORRANGE CURVE (PROJ TYPE I) -H1
FP I4
205
MV:j-
-L-
44-+ T. ---
. -. -. -_
. ., -- _
Ift lA'i-Y RD
it,.
j-400 50if0360~
I 6
FOR SHOT. APr- 37AM M59 BRLH 37.1-59
t41A i
ctELEVATIoN - RANGE CURVE
MV 2050 FPS t
L
-H i I
..
LJ t-T
fill
4-
40 i fill I fit
.j
-----
......
1 V
30
A' I
to
2T
4 -t
10 14
I #
I L r
1 I-T
44 tT
.T 4-
RAW-E - YARDS
WS
if 1 1 L- .a 44
0 400 aw 1200 2000
7
DRLH 37-1-59 BALUj-flC AND ENIUNEEINC DATA
II
J- .ERIAvitryRNG UV
fill _6__ _
AL&J..4
200100 *0 20
1600:
0O
+ TERMINt
FOR SHOT. AM. 37-MM, M59 BRH 37-1-59
8-9
8. Firing table data. Automatic Gun M9 (Aircrtlt).
FT 3"AC-BC-L. Twist of rifling: 1/39. h.-tz

Ale velocIty: 2800Mfps. ,CM Items 20955 and 21241
ret.ommeaded ard approved authoriza:ion for using the AP.C Shot M5 In the Automatic Gun W9.
a. Ballistic coefficient. The firing table was computed with a ballistic coefficiLen of unity with
respect to the modified Space and Time functions:
S'
-20.7 r T - 11.25 i. - 1),
where TR and I6 are the Time and inclination fmctions based on GA. This is equivalent to takin-g the
ballistic cefficient relative to Projectile Type 8 Inversely proportional to the velocity.
b. Trajectory data. The firing table gives trajectory data for firing forward from an airplane.
Data for all-around fire are not required at present.
SECTWI# V
EFFECT DATA
Penetratlon .......- .............-......---------------- 9
9. Panetration. The follc'ng graphs, showing the penetratfon of armor pLate by the 37-mm A'C
Shot M59, were taken from Volume LU ef "Terminal Ballistic Data".
9I
=
- 1[ - =r ' r = --- - - ' " -r -- - . .. - ., 2
RL 37.1-59 5Sf 'lC AND LNGI DATA
MRIN
I m7~~' nPCWETAMN -xin nnrrv rjq*j&

~Iii±1~i~tL~ HOOGE'E(JSARMOR PLATE
1±i~ttfrt~r.NAVY CRTERON _
44
Mlill_
II
+: [::
vILOCIY
-Gap
I pp
jw 1
IIT 'E P
1000 2WO
5w -000 350
FOR SHOT, APC, 37 MK M59 BRLH 37.1-59
9
PENETRATION VELDGITY MWES 4

4-
4- FACE HARDENED ARMCR PLATE

NAVY CRITERION
P4- IT
4
r
-;,-T t 1
;-4
+
17 4i
3.5
-14 if -44-1
I+ 1t4 +:RF if I
+1 4 t-T-t- ANGLE OF INCIDENM t-
-4,
3.0-ij f
20*
T I
I IoF
T; I
do
4
ip Iy
I A +
+ I
2.0
f -41
4-
I 1V
V
0, v I
T Y
1.5 oo
+
4
.44
4- 4Tv - -
t' I t A_
-4- 4 1
L
-H 4=
+4=i
_T
if
-- 4-
L
t 1 f___ 4
4 _4
J-
t -1 4 F. T
T4 Mrv 44-4- n
4- T VELOCITY-F Ps
0 14 4"_?4-1-
1000 1500 2000 2500 300100 3500
K1H3718
IHandbook
Ballistic Research Laboratories
of Ballistice and
Ballistic Research Lab.
Aberdeen Prvig Ground,
Encilneering Data for Ammunition, DAA Maryland. RM37I8
I-----------------------
BALLISETI ND 1NEGDT ag p
~ati~n
rgardbg he s ,Tap
ynamics, ballistic aetas of---
th 3 - 8mrpecn htM0 hc
Purposgtab
en te~a
. mapsohsnualsbertan to tis amn is ofrihacniecletiono nfr
fiigtbeadtcnclmnasprann oti m uiin

Intznrgr~gtes-pcnmcblitc ndefct fte3-mAmrpecn htM0 hc
cotisasl dsryn rcrcmoiin hsifr aini olce rmtedaigrprs
I
L
IeRu-I 371-SO BAIIJflC AND ENGINEERING DATA
I
I
I
E
I
I
I
V .- \ to
S cc
I I i
I
_ XI I S
20 01C
Ni
N;
I-
I ''~
x~i
N
0
1- it.
______ 0
4-
nr-
FOR SHOT. AR 37-M?4 MW amJi 37.1-80

2-5
SECTION II
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
D rawing -.. . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . . .-. .-. .-. .- 2
Dim ensions -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . ..-. .-. -
.-. 3
Physical characteristics .....- ..........-...---------------- 4
2. Drawing.
Shot: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-310

3. Dimensions.
Width 0.50 cal
Cylindrical part of body: Length 1.80 cal
Cgive: Length 1.09 cal
Shot: Length 2.89 cal
Weight (standard) 1.66 lb
Base to center of gravity 1,268 cal
Axial moment of inertia 0.4150 lb.In2
Transverse moment of inertia 1.963 ibn 2
SECTION III
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore .....- ..........-...---------------- 5
S. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Minimum 13 min
Maximum 22 mir.
"I
A
3i
I
BRLH 37.1-80 BALUSTIC AND ENCINTERNG DATA
4-. L
DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH " BER W_
SHOT, AP1, 37-MM., MSO
iL I 17if if !
TM +1 Jr
V Kgb :Lp I
KD 0.48649V +
295.5 T
J-1 4-f
I i JI V z 1112OL27 M (F
4 -i- TT
till 11 1 4
AL_
14
:14
__j
T t- -
_4A
_TY-
-F - q
I F
.to
4L
r
fill IL I
T ++
Iit -4 T
-4- A
-T4Z
41 1t
.08 -14
+ m
J I t
-H l =
Ls 2-4
I FOR SHOT. AR 37.MK M80 BRLH 3? -80
6-7
SECTION WL
EXTEpIOR BALLIIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynam ic data -.- . . . ..- . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . ..-. .-.-.-.
Firing table data: Automatic Guns M4 and -.---.----
- ------
Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9 ...---.-----------------
6. Aerodynamic data The drag coefficient plotted on page 4 was determined from res~stanoe irt.gs
of the AP Shot l480 with Tracer at Mach numbers from i.1 to 2.5. The other data listed telym were tacen
from Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 438, 'Yaw and Drift of T7 -mm Armor-piercing 3hots".
Velocity (fps) u 1650 33 50
Drag coefficient KD 0.259 0.228
Cross Wind Force coefficient v 0.!85
Normal Force coeffizient .. 0.416

z ase to Center of Pressure h (cal) 2.49
C-verturning iMoment coefficient Kv 0.513 0.497

_oIfC.n k /K .3-7-8
at o coefficients R/, K . 8
Drff,lfunztion Q K' U4.37 x

Yawini Moment co.efficient K% 2.53
::aur Moment coefficient
Ni K -. 25
Twict of Rifling /n1
Otacility factor s 9.s 6.785

7. Firing table data: Automatic Guns M4 and MI0 (Aircraft).
.= - . -I. T".wist of rifling: 1/25. Muzzle velbclty: I75 fps The MID G
3=un is a mod-.iici
-f the L.4 Sr, ,-ith a M-shntegratlng oeli feed. 0IM items 17489 and 1582 rec,;mrendeI and Rppr:;eC
stand a r d i ati.n :.f te AP Shot 1480 i P1he Automatic Gun M4 with a muzzle ve lit
y C .5 p.
Z B.A and 21239 recommended and approved tncreasIng ,thestandard muzzle velxitv fr.m -
~1
I
I]
HRLH 37.1-W) BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
a. Form factor. The form factor of the AP Shot M80 relative to its own drag function is 1 = 1.0.
The drag coefficient curve is shown on page 4.
b. Ballistic coefficient. C - 0.782

c. Stability factor (normal). s - 6.785
d. Damping coefficients. c, - 0.001,577,4 ft " I
d" - 0.000,087,0 ft " !
e. Windage Jump coefficient. b A 20,200 mil. fps
f. Yaw-drag coefficient. KDd 16.4 rad -
g. Trajectory data. The firing table gives time of flight and vertical and lateral aeflectins with the
arguments true air speed, zenith angle (800 to 2400 mils), azimuth f5600, 5000,", 400 and 80) mils, and
future range for horizontal flight in air of standard surface density.
8. Firing table data: Automatic Gun M9 (Aircraft).

FT 3VAC-AW-!, FT 37AC-BD-1, and FT 37A-BE4-. Twist of rifling: 1130. Muzzle velocity:
2950 fps. OCM items 20955 and 21241 recommended and approved authorlzation f:r lZu the APZ ht
Ln the Automattc Gun M9 with a standard muzzle velocity of 3050 fps.
a- Form factor. The form factor of the AP Shot MSo relative to Its own drag f-xction is i 1.93
The drag coefficient curve is shown on page 4.
b. Ballistic coefficient., C - .732
c. Stability factor (normal) s 1; 6.785
d. Damping coefficients. C' - 0.001,577,4 ft'
e. Windage jump coefficient. 1 28,000 m. fps

"2
f. Yaw-drag coefficient. K == 16.4 ra1
g. Trajectory data.
(M/ FT 3A--AW-*l vIves time of flight. elevation. and lateral deflt.On with the air
aensitv ratio, true air speed, and fu'ure range for norizzntal flight, zero azi-,uth, and iMpat tthe n r:-
zontal plane thru the line of fight.
6
FOR SHOT. AR 37-M14 M0 BRLH 37.1,80
8.9
(2) FT 37AC-BD-l gives time of flight and vertical and lateral deflections vith the arguments
true air speed, zenith angle (800 to 2400 mals), azimuth (5600, 60., 0, 490 and 800 mils), and future range
for horizontal flight in air of standard surface density.
(3) FT 37AC-BE-1 gives time of flight and vertica- deflection ui:fl the arguments true air speed,
dive angle (0, 230 and 40 mils), and present range for firing forward from an airplane in air of standard
surface density.
SECTON V
EFFECT DATA
Pararaph
Penetration - 9------------------------
9. Penetration.
a. Ballistic limits.
Homogeneous Plate Ballistc Number

Thickness Brinnell Obliqulty Limit in
inches number deg Type fps Average
075 317 0 Navy 1159 4
0.75 358 0 Navy 1093 3
0.00 327 0
I.0 369 0
Navy
Navy
1288
1251
6
1
I.30 401 0 Naly 1203 1
1 7
BRLH 37.!-80 BAJliSTIC AND MOCNEERING DATA
.',b. PENETRATION -VELOGITY CURVES *,.L.2......

±b~-1- HOMOG ENEOUS ARMOR PLATE _
-44
~
I~h~t ~ ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
+ ... ..
7 -I
II
t
-p l r I---
T-.....
. I-
40.::;:
[FOR SHO'T. AP. 37.MM. WO BRLH 37.1-80
9
C.PEETRATION-VELOCITY CURVES _ __
FACE HARDENED ARMOR PLATE
, ..
.-
L~~. . ~ NAVY CRITERMON.
K~.~7: FROM VOL.ME OF "TERMINAL BALLISTIC DA t'-
...... ANGLE OF INCIDENC
.
....
.... I NO.
..-.... .. . .
74
'VT~-- -
3.5. Z...
Lz~ .20
4 -0-.
2 .OV~~
I ~ no
0.0
. .. . .. .. .
I1. I
80 1200 60 2000) 2400 2800 3200 30

8RL 40-1.2

No. 40-1-2 1 March 1949
for
Shell, HE. 40-mm, Mark 2
with
Tracer, SD, Mark 11, Mark 11 Mod 2, M3 or M3A1
and
Fuze, PD, Mark 27 or M71
Section Paragraphs
[ General --------------------- 1
II Description ----------------- 2 -4
Ili interior ballIstic data -------- 5 - 6
IV Exterior belistic data ------- 7 -8
V wect data ----------------- 9
SECTIONI I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. Purpose. The purpose of this n~uber of the handbook is to furnish a conci-se collection of infor-
mation regardtng the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 40-mnm High Explosive Shell Mark 2 w-h Shell
des.traying Tracer 'Mark 1!, Mark 111 M1.1cd'ffcation 2, M.3 Or 143.A! and Point Detonatiing Futze Mark 27 or
1471. Tints ircrmation is collected from thea.rawings, reports and !Lring tables pertainig to this.an-anu-
niti.on.
rh-
4*. BALLISTIC AND ENCINEMJNCZ DATA
Ix M
IN
U..1
I~ Oj
0 US
ii14
L
r
FOR SN-LL H£. 40.MM. ALKR

2 B"R-I 40G.1-2
2-4
SECTON
DESCRIPTION
Pa ph
Drawings . . . . . . .. .
Dim ensio.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- 3
Physical chaa acteristics -...................... 4
2. Drawnbp.
Shell: Metal parts asserbly and .:taUs I75-2-n" 6
Tracer, SD, Mark 11 (Navy BuOrd) 34,440
Tracer, SD, Mark 11 Mod 2 (Navy B1aCrd) 423,429
Tracer, SD, M3 or M3AI 75-17-7
Fuze, Detonating, Mark 27: General -rrangement
and details (Navy BuOrd) 3-00,423
-Fuze, PD, M"I: Assembly 73-2-201
Cartridge. HE-T (SD, Mkc 11), Mark 2: Assembly
and marking diagram 75-1-1L88
3. Dimewsos.
Boattail: Angle 800y,
Leidn 057 Cal1
Band: Distance from boattaUi 0.50 Cal
Distance from base 1.07 cal
Widt.h 0. 40 Cal
Head: Angle 7301
L~h
e'0.89 cal
I racer: CqtsIde lenglh 0.35 cal
FuzP: COside length 1.20 cal
Lerth: cheil ).26 cal
She!l. tracer and fuze 4.81 cal
Head and -uze 1.89 cal
4. Physical chrracteristcs. .andard weight: 1.905 lb. The tolo1itng data pertain to inert-
3ade4 shell wi-Iwooden tracer plug and D-rm y Fuze T34,
Weigh: 1.8285 lb
_-zse to center o! gravity .566 cal
A ial momen
.. ! Inertia '
0.628 t. III
ransverse mcment of Inertia 4.955 lb. in"
1' 3
BR-IM 40-1-2 ILALLUS!IC AND LNUN~G :)A'-*
SECTION
+46
J/
LONGTUII-NI- /
+461
FOR SHF.LL HE 40.MM ,AK 2 ORL 40.12
, 5.7
S3CTIOK M
INTERIOR BALLST= DATA

_paragah
Stresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . ..- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore .....- .... ...- .- .-.---------------- 6
5, Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation on page 4 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential stress at the front end of the band seat.
Gun, /,utomrttic, 40-mm M1 and M2
Travel to maximum prerssure 8.8 in.
Twist of rifling at max P 1/42.4
Cross-sectional area ot bore 2.0323 sq in.
Rated maximum pressurg 40,000 psi
Total weight o!projectile 1.985 lb
Muzzle velocity 2,870 fps
Density of filler (TNT) 0.057 lb per cu in.
Resultant stress:
Longitudinal 58,900 "psi (compression)
Radial 1,900 psi (tension)
Tangential 46,900 psi (tension)
3. Theoreftcal ' - r.
Mir-unrVi 20 min
Maximum 26 min
BECTIC" IV
EXT;"-IOR BALLISTIC DATA
Aercjy v-mic data ------------ --------- -----------.-.- ---- 7

Firng tz..ble
data .---.------.---.-.-- - - .. 8
'. Aerodynamic data.
,
(1) Tre-o .-flh firing;. 40-mm HE Shell MI.rk 2.
Tuze Tracer Veiocity Drag Form Drag

--s -- Fun,'ion Factor Coe(.
i.,64Al M3 867 Gr .952 .128
k 13P6
II
l G5 .927 .124
ri
IPILH&1-2BAL~flC AN ENaWN DATA
(2) DRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NLIM8ER

RESISTANCE FIRINGS
SIIELL,HE,40MM, MARK 2
0.5~ 15 .02 10
fi l
FOR SHELL HE. 40.5dM MARK 2 U3J4H 40-1.2
b. ftbilty. Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 252, "Stability of 40-mm Shell Mark
UTIWL", gives aerody.z'mic data for inert-loaded shell with Dummy Fuze T34. A wooden plug was inserted
in the tracer cavity, but it came out when the shell was fired. The stability firings were done with a Bofors
Gun containing a tube that was rifled with a final twist of 1/30.
Vebo>,Ity Mach Stability Moment

No. Factor Coefficient
12D0 1.042 1.23 1.85
2890 2.514 1.48 1.54
S. riring table "ta. FT 40AA-A -3.

Guns, Automatic, 40-mm, MI anid Dual, Automatic, 40-mm, UL. Twist of rifing: Increaseng,
1/45 to 1/30. MV: 2800 fps (the MV for a new pun is 2870 fps). Weight of Shell with Tracer and Fuze:
1.985 lb. 0CM items 17176 and 17250 recommendc and approved the tadritinof the Quick Firi*
High Explosive Shell Mark 2 with Tracer anid Delay Aetton Percussion Fuze No. 251 Mark 1. 0CM items
20391 and 2D72-9 recommended and approved the reelasetffcatoi of the Detonating Fuse Mark 27 from
E substitute standard to standard and the adoption of the Point Detonating Fuze M71 as alternate standard.
The Shell-destroying Tracers Mark V7 and Mark 27 Mod 2 are standard; the Miell-destroyIng Tracers No3
and M3A1 are alternate standard.
a. Form far and bmat~ coscecitat (Projectile Type 5). At all elevations:
1- 0.947
I
C 0.845
b.
Trajectoy data. Part I of the firing tables contains trajectory data for antiaircraft fire;
Part It, differential effects; and the Appendix, trajectory and time curves.
Maximum horizontal range 10,850 yd
Maium ordinate 7,825 Id
SALLNM AND EWANEERM DATA
fill
-ELEVATM -RANGE CURVE I* fill
fill Wo 29M FPS 11 11 1 - 1
1I 11 ti ll ill I if 111 11 111
Il l If I I II If I I II II lf l II lf lI I lfl iil lli tlt -II I I
I A II II I 4Y4-::--
w l[Ili ilt fill
t i l l - I-
[ f I If L I L ,
lilt
lilt
lI iI lI tI I I iI tf -1
I
fl ii ll lt 1I 1f 1 -FEE
Il Ii Il tt - I I
H
IF I
I II All
fill
ILII
1Ir I
44
A I I
fit
If
It I I fill
Lill
I till
lil t
If
f1 4+ E:
4- +.A VT
at
00
if I
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

FOR SHELL HE 40-hft MARK 2 BRLH 40 1.2
T
FIT
tt
t
noo
+4
d.TERMINAL VELOCITY RANGE AND;.-i-,,- , 14,1
TO&OF FUGHT - RANGE CUWES ri +1
MV* 2800 FPS 4 j -1 14,

-T-Tr"11 r! I- It t
moo
4j
tio(o) 14
T,
FF
'41
4
X-
low oo
I t I
1600
z t
H 1114-H
14 -4-t!
-4
1200
4 t
t
4 4 L - t-, t-11-4-t---
Awo-
;-A -- 44-
-4 - IH t
-44- -4- -f i
1000-
4- 1; 4-4
4 4M
- 44
4+-4--+-
P.A)M- 4 #j-
Boo[ 1000
t
2000
I 'TT-M T t-1 T-1
3000 9 4000 swo
T3
6000
t tLE 0
SKIM 40.1.2 DM..I= APO ENUI DATA
8U3Mt'ON V
ZFl T DATA
Fragmentation - -
9. Fzameatatlo, No Iragmentation tests of the 40-mm Shell Mark 2 with its standard loading
of TN. have been conducted here, but Picatinny Arsenal has detonated five Shell Mark 2 loaded with Ednatol
(50 to S0D% ethylenedinttramlne and 50 to 40% trinltrotoluef-I in a sand pit, and recovered the fragments
(Test Record No. 134-8). The averaga weight of the loaded saell was 1.795 lb; of the empty shell, 1.815 lb.
The follwlng table shows the average number and weight of the fragments in each of four groups.
Weight Number Weight of Percent of

Zone of Fragments Empty Shell
grans Fragments Ib Recovered
0 - 75 197 0.80
75- 150 14 0.23
150 - 750 13 0.45
760 -25 1 0.24
Total 226 1.53 94.7
10
NR 40-141
Ballistc Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.

Eanio& of Ball1stic and Aberdeen Proving Ground,
EngwerlnM Data fc: Amznuition, Mry.d
No. 40-1-81 2 March 1949
for
Shot, AP, 40-mm, M81 or M81A1
with Tracer
Section
I General - - - - - - - - - ---
1I Description - ---------- 2-4
tMl Interior ballistic data - - 5
TV Exterior ballistic data - - 3-7
V Effect data----------- 8
SECTION I
GON3RAL
Purpose - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. prupose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concize collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 40-m Armor-piercing Shot M81 or
M81AI with Tracer. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical
manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
rp ~ -~
M114 40. 141 RALUSflC AND ENCINURINQ DATA
I
F
p 1
0
1 0
a:
5 0
U,
p
2
I ___
FOR SHOT. AP 40.K NIAi GLH 40-141
2-5
Drawr ..... 2
Dimensions .............................- 3
Physical characteristics ......................- 4
. Drawinp.
Shot: Metal parts assembly 75-2-311
Details 75-2-312
Tracer 75-14-333
3. Dnsaa
Band: Distance from base 0.507 Cal
Width 0.400 cal
Body:. Cylindrical lenth 1.575 cal
Windshield: Length 2.330 cal
Shot: Total leWh 3.0 cal
4. Physical cwMfrTer kc.

Base to centerofof inertia-
Aalmoment Mr~viy- 0.674 lb. in2 .
1.21 cal
Transverse moment of 'Lnertta* 2-64 lb. in2
Estimated on the basis of mesurements of the 37-m Armor-piercing Capped Shop M51.
WITERIOR BALLIST= DATA
Theoretical yaw in bore ..--------------------
Minimum 2r min
Maxmum 32 min
3
r-3 . -nM •. . r. . . .. ...
IRL14 40141 SIt SNEWING DATA

ANDA
EW
6-7
MICIVD
KZIMOER SflJ DATA
Aerodynaminc data ------ - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -- -
Firt table data at

a. Drag. With the G8 drag function, the balisticoefficent was determined from the time of
flight at 800, 1000 and 1500 y)00 yards range. The extrapolated value at zero
range is 0.615 (see par. 7k). The corresponding form factor, relative to Projectile Type 6, is 1.285. Hence,
the drag coefficient is 0.142 at the standard muzzle velocity of 2870 fps. These data were obtained with the
AP Shot M81, but are applicable to the AP Shot MUA1, since its contour is only slightly different.
b. Stabift. No stability firings have been done with the 40-mm AP Shot M81 or M81AI. The
stability factor, estimated from that of the 37-mm Armor-piercing Capped Shot M51 (given in Ballistic
Research Laboratory Report No. 225, Ntablity of 37-mm HE Shell M63, AP Shot M51, and Proof Projectile
MS") at velocities of 1350 and 270 fps, for a twist of rfingof one turn in 30 calibers, Is 2.58.
1. Fing table data. FT 40AA-A-3.
Ons, Automatic, 40-mm, M1 and Dual, Automatic, 40-mm, M2. Twist of rifling: Increasing,
1/45 to 1/30. MV: 200 fps (the MV for a new gun is 2870 fps). Weight of Shot with Tracer: 1,96 lb.
OCM items 17876 and 17750 recommended and approved standardization of the Armor-piercing Shot M81.
The M81 Shot is now classified as limited standard, and the MBIA1 standard.
4
FOR~ 940T. AP. 4W MBIA! BA7404
4 4 .47
.i HI -. ; II--t
t t.IH11
I~~
__
4 C'J
aai 40.143 RAIJrfl AND ENGDNERIN DATA
7
til I jjj If ~t~~ j
199
FOR SHOT. AP. 40-MNL MIAI DRLH 40-141
t 0
1t-44 2 wF -4- 1t-41

-47
~~ BALUNM AND EWC*NEEWNC DATA
H-- I____4_Ft
III I 1
f-, t
I T I I I I_______
+- r
fra
r 1
IC
FOR SH.CT, AR 40.MM. MAI BRLH $4-i.81
SECTION V
EFFECT DA'A
Paragraph
Penetration . . . . .. ... . ..-. .- .. . . . ..-.------
---------- 8
8. Penetration.
Plate Ba'.-* ttz Number

Thickness: 1.5 in. Limit in
Obliquity: 20°0 fps Aver--e
Face-hardened Army 2004 4

Navy 1972 39
Florogeneous:
Brinnel No. 269 Army 2088 12
BRIM 40. 1~ BALUS1C AND ENGINEERING DATA
40 +
-r- '- T7
:i44
1 4-_ _ _ ..
....
4 4-4---
wI 4491
FOR SHOT. AP'. 4(i.MIK MAI BRLP- 40-.18
2p4r -~- -4 -4,--
~ 4T~4 4
t- C-3-- t 4
t-.-t
~~1 Q
-- T~~-NF JX1.~ If
-, 0
BSR.H 57-1-3C6

No. 57-1-306 2 March 1949

for
Shell, HE, 57-mm, M306
with
Faxze, PD, M89
Section Ra-agrabs
I General ------------.--.---- 1
iI Description - ---------- 2 - 4
Ill Interior ballistic data -.- ---- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data ---.- - 6- 7
V Effect data------------- 8-9
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paraah
Purpose - ------------------------------ 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish P concise collection of iror-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of th6 57-imm High Explosive Shell M306 with
the Point Detonating Fuze M82. This in'orma. n is collected from the drawings, report-, firing tables, and
firing records pertain ing to this ammunition.
ILH 57-1-W0 BALUiSTIC AND ENCJNEMRNC DATA
2
ii
020
I 10
FOR SHELL HL 57-MK4 M306 BRL-H 57-1-306
2.4
DESCRION
Drawings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- 2
Dimensions - ------------------------------ 3
Physical characteristics - ----------------------- 4
2. DrawingS.
Fuze: Assembly and details 73-2-233
Details 73-2-234 ard 235
3. Dimensions.
Chamler: Angle b
Length 0.055 cal
Band: Distance frorn chamfer 0.345 cal
Distarwe from base 0.40 cal
Width 0.15 Cal
Cylindrical body: Length1.7 a
Ogie: Length 0.545 cal
Radius of arc 2.0 1 Cal
Fuze: Length. (Outside) 0.365 Cal
Shell and fuze 2.S3Scal
Ogive and fuze 1.31 Cal
Weight (standard) 2.75 lbI
Weight (as tested) *2.86 lb
Base to center of gravity 1.237 -all,
Axial moment of inertia 2.18 lb. iLn
Traverse moment of inertia 9.89 lb. In
*See 3RL- Memlo Reports 300 and 348D.
BRL2H 57-1-306 BALUSTIC AND ENNEFING rATA
5.7
SECTION II
ILTERIOR BALLIStiC DATA
Paragra~h
Theoretical yaw in bore - - -------------------- 5
5. Theoretrzal yaw in bore.

Minimum 11 min
Maximum 18 mi
SECTION IV
I
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......-
Firing table data ......- ..... ...-. ..--.----------------- 6
...........-..------------------- 7
a. Drag.
Drag function G,
Form factor (from time o. flight) 0.b6
Velocity (fps): Muzzle 1200 Mean 978
Drag coefficient, KD 0.191 0.!05
b Stbility. These data were obtained with the experimental Shell T22 with a PD Fuze; i%
physical charactezistics are given in paragraph 4 (see Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Reczrts
No. 300 and 348D).
Twist of riflirg 1/30
Siabi ity factor (standard) 1.62
Moment coefficient, K .31
7, Firing table data. FT 57-E-1.

Rifle, 57-mm, MI8 Twist of rflIng: 1/30. Muzzle velocity: 1200 lfps. 0M tems Z443 and
28073 recommended and approved standardization ci the HE Shell M306.
1 4
fOR SHUL HE 57.MK M306 BRUi 57.1-306
7
tuFORM FACTOR - ELEVATION

t
J TYPE I
IT
7 -4-
1-tl - . -1- T
T 114
=71
44- !!rr-
t
t il
+44
14+
t
0. 4 t
T-t
+T
ELEVATION-MLS.
0.9 4 I P1:P:T:1
P-00 :100 600 0 4-
T-- T
I I IT, -17
-- 44-
LBAWSTIC COEFFICIENT-ELVATION CURVE
PROJ TYPE 1)
4- -
.55
+ t T--
ELEVAMN W A
WD Boo
AND EN-4NEEXiNG DATA
B~LH 5.1.306BAWSTK
..
~~it
I H-
itt '~~~~thZ~w 4 zut:

4-MO itttt'I
4000T-1T
L~.__oil
V FOR SHELL. HE 57-MK& W.06 BRLH 57.1-306
pLEMNLVLCT AG N
4oQ~t -4114
r41 P-1 4 -F-
.. x I fill T1 OF.-LAN.
o00 '000 ZOG

140 4005c
ERMPAL
fRLftJ 57A.306 BALUflC AND ENGINEERING DATA
-#& DRIFT - RANGE CUW
T
4- 1-4-i-I
.- 4 41+!444-1t- t
40 14
11144-4l -4 - *~
I' I -I--i-j----L
t- t--
-4_ __ i
-I-jA...
20 rrv-r~
-' -+~--,*717
to .1 ~wr!t
o00 2000 !'000 4000 !500))
I -T
f DELECION
O! MP LAERA
FFET
FORt SHEU- 14L 57.MM. M306 RH5-30
-rH 9.0OMPLEMENTARY ANGLE OFSVWE -Zf " :

4 (AVG~ FOR±t I Mi-wL ANGLE OFSITE)
TT
I,=a
TI,,
[L+T 4~4 .j.....

.
I -- -- e~------
277 1 b 41 1
022biH~~~~ii~jH1TT1 4Zj zL4-
- i-.-!;see-
I w ~~-4--~:24
.- 4 -- 4j i
ti A00 20 0 00 50
4j
::T ;J
4I
MWLH 57.1-306 BALliTI AND ENCJNEERIC DATA
7
P4R.'' (1200 FPS ISSTNARD)
-4
0~-~- TF_ I-S--

0 ~~
100 ~ ~~~.
:00T00 4 ~-
I- >. Jt4mEzAt 2
-. 4 -*
__
___
_
~~-1- I4-1
-v'
flirt7 4 . .. li i--*
"tsiO 3000 40 -C
x
JziT. ...
.
+++I
BRL'4 57-1-3%
FOR SMELL HE 57-M. M306o 7
j.RANGE EFFECT OF I MPH R
- •
-I-- ,---
L-- *-- -----
"
I-
-- ,*- -r , . -.-
±,.j
MS- - -I
, .
t_-. r i....:--.--..----.. ..
-rt-------t. r..4. - -. .....-
ol2
trt -, 2,= 4000
.-.- 4- * . . ..- -- - .
,P:_ -.--. i i, " --

J
- - WW... ..
"i - ., . - - - t--v -. -t -. --
~~RNG'E oF
_-- r _
,,_.:.__
*No-As it, AnDEN
°
"--' - . -r- .RANGE E---FECT OF 1%
. OAS
-- .... AE
.. EN.. flY'""
-
4 - _
44.-
p ---
,..._,. . .. . . . 4 . . . L . *
-AG! -. 4
-YARDS
. .- .. ..
'4
-".O
FOR SELL HE. 57.MM. M306 8RLU-4 57-.3c
7
W~~ThTT~h~ttt-U J.RANGEEFEC OFfIMH t--lND4tg
,'I -- * r-t-..,- q ,+ - rr"-:,

-r -t- . -- . .- --. ,•,
_ _ +,_ _-.-
,_.. .-
T - .' ".,
.4 -' i- . . ..... .. . . . -- -a---++
_ 4 +. .. . .
-4--
.. . . --ti, -- I--.- - -
,-- - -- ,+,
77 RAN-E- YARDS
o 100 2000 3000 4000) 5000_~~
~ tzzzz-Ltr2,zm _ - ___
RANGE EFFECT-1 OF 1%iNCRKASE INAIR DUNSTY ~.--

"+ -- - -
,_' I--4 ..IS-IA-
. ---- _-4 I I
u. A- . +- - -
I..-
- I * . -I * - -v I t n I , _
0M ZI-
-4-.., . . . . . , .. . . ..• . . .4 _...

-
.-.. . .. . . . . - --
4
00O 2u r r0- 4 5000
571306 BALUSC AND ENMINEERING DATA
8.9
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Sand pit fragmentation .....- .........-.-..---------------- 8
N --
A ffagmentation ......- ..... ...- .- .----------------
9
8. 8ad pit fragmentation. The data given in this paragraph were extracted from Firing Record
P-38375. Five HE Shell T22 were placed in boxes and detonated statically by means of an electric blasting
cap connected to the PD Fuze Tl19E1, Which was modified for this purpose. The fragments were separated
from the sand by means of a magnet and grouped according to weight. The following table shows the average
number and weight of the recovered fragments,
Weight zone No. of Weight Percentage of
(grains) ,ra (lb) Empty Shell
0 to 50 428 0.82
50 to 75 18 0.13
75 to 150 12 0.16
150 to 750 1 0.03
Total framents 4 1.14 54
Scrap 0.35 17
Total fragments and scrap 1.49 71
Empty shell 2.11 100
Loaded shell 2.63
9. Panel fragmentation. The data given In this paragraph were extracted from Firing Record
P-38069. The panels consisted of 1-inch dressed No. 3 pine boards 9 feet high, placed in two semi-circles
with radii of 15 and 30 feet. Each of five HE Shell T22 was placed at the common center of the semi-circles,
with Its axis in a horizontal plane that bisected the panels, and detonated statically by means of an electric
blasting cap connected to the PD Fuze T119E1, which was modified for this purpose. Fragment velocities
were obtained by means of screens placed 15 feet from the shell. The following table shows the average
weight of shell, fragment velocity, and number of fragments that penetrated the panels.
Weht of shell 2.68 lb
Fragment velocity: Side spray 4259 fps

Nose spray 1332 fps
No, of fragments: Perforations Penetrations
15-ft radius 146 471

30-ft radius 67 19?
Total
ORLH 57.1.307

No. 57-1-307 3 March 1949

for
Shell, HEAT, 57-mm, M307

with
Fuze, P1, M90
Section Paragrphs
I General - ---- - - - --- I
U Description --.-.-.---- - 4
In[ Interior ballIstic data- - -. 5
rV Exterior ballistic uata - - - 6 - 7
V Effect data---------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Purpose - -1------ --- -- -- -- --- -- -- --- -- -- I

1. Purpose. The purpose of this, number of the handbook is to furnish a conct-e collection off infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 57r-mm High Explosive Antitank Shell
M307 with the Point Initiating Fuze M90. This information is colledted from the drawings, reports, and firing
,es pertaining to this ammunition.
71
WU~H 5.t~3O7BALL1STIC AND ENGINEMRNG D)ATA
2
I N
I-I
I - .. -
rCL
I o
4 N w
1 iJ
:__ __________._________
________ I
2
pa
- -- Drawings -.- -.. . . .--.. -.. - -. . .

-. .- -.. -. -. - - 2
Dbensons - . --.. -..... ............... 3
i Physical2.aDin
chaateristics
wings. ------------------------- -4
a-hell: Metal parts asembly and details 75-2-353

SDetails 75-2-354
Fuze: Assembly 73-2-2-6
Details 73-2-Z37 end 238
3. Dimemiamin
Closing -plug: :ength (outside) 0.10 cal
Shell body: Base to band 0.40 cal
v Band width 0.15 cal
Base extension 0.07 cal
'Chamfer ar~le 100
Cylindrical length ?.12 al
Threaded legt (under fuze) 0.21 cal
Total body length 2.35
Fuze: Body length (outside) 0.30 ca

Cgive length 0.82 Cal
Radius of ogival arc 2.00 cai
Total length 1.12 cal
Length: Shell (body and closing plug) 2.35 c&l

hell and fuze 3.47 cal
Soell Weight CG to
Lot Dwg 75-2-353 Base Inertia - lb. in
No. Rev - Date lb cal - Transerse
PA-E-T45-187 -- 24 Oct 44 2.71 1.353 2.20 10.42
MG-i 1 - 3 Mar45 2.70 1.269 2.006 9.756
GR-2X 2 - 6 May 45 2.75 (Standard)
3
5.* S * ,' -...- 5
RIM 3?4407 DLLIST1 AND EC1NEERIKC, DATA
nZZLR AUM= DATA
Theoretical yaw-in bore - 5

S. Theor*a yaw in bore.
Minimm 5.3 mztu

Maximam 9.0 min
SECTI TV
EXTERIOR BALLIT DATA
Pa. graph
Aerodyaite ,data 6
Firng table data -
S6. Aeroym data.

a. D i The form factors relative to Projectile Type 1 that are tabulated here were determined
from observed times of flight.
Shen Form Velocity Drag Coefficte&t

Lot Factor fps
Fl.i I Muzzl-e Mean tat gue v@T)
MG-1 0.982 1200 956 ,218

GR-2X 1.05 100 4
10.. .233
b. Sta'iity. Ballistic Restrch Laborory Memorandum Report No. 346D and letter APG
474.1/165 give the stability factors and mo.,at coefflcieT; of two lots of shell whose interior dimensions
wcre different (see par. 4 for t"etr phycc7'I caaxatertstics).
Mze Twixtn: of St'ilzty Moment
;c RD
.Factor ____f__ent
-- y14 Ccalftcient
N .. fps 2" " M
PA-E-T45-18 l200 l/>. i20i 1.53

MG-i 1215 130 1.7, 1.15
4.
FOR SHiELL HEAT 57-MKMW 8"JO
SlU 7~.130
7. ivf taibis W16a riT 62- (ab.rW&Aed).

RUle, 57-mm, M18. Twist Pd rling: j30. )mzzle velocity: 120 fps. OCM items 27443 and 2073
recommended and approved stadardization of the HEAT S ell M30'.
a. Form favtor &YA ballUsU caflfien. The following form factor and balListic coefficient re-
lative to Projectile Type 1 apply to al elevations.
0.94
-1
CI 0.583
WIW 3.140?BALLLIrfl AND ENGINEERINQ DATA
it I+ !I i t
I
tIt I
t
Ii
I
*
t20EL
it . ... ....
-M * HEAT, 57-M.
.HELL P307 RP-'LH 57.1-307
EVFECT DATA
Penetration - 8
a. P*netration. he average p;ntration o homcgeneous anzor .plate by 57-mm HEAT Shell M30
is 2.5 t-hes,
7
BR11H 60449A
~I
Ba IUxti: Research Laboratories Ballistic Research Lab.

H&DbcxkLz of Ballisle and Aberdeen Prvrig Grond,
Etgine .x Data fo Ardmun.t on, *sr-"
Noc. 60-. -49 3 March 1949
BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERW3N DATA

Lfor
Shel, HE, 60-mm, *49A2
with
Fuze, PID, M52A1
Section
General - -]-----------
r. Descriptio-n--------- -22 4
IrE Exterior ballistic data ------ 5 - 6
GEMNERAL
P- mse------------------------------------------
1. Purp'ose. The l~zpose 01 this number 01 the harn.,ok is to far'nisi a conicise coa ecticn of. tn-or-
mation regarding the sbap. dymznrE:as and ballistis c the 60-mm High Explost-e Shel 149A2 V.th the
Point Detcn&na -F uze MBZ-7.: n-I s nfornation is cc2tcted irm the drawings, reports and firing t.a~les
pertaining to thli ammunlticr.
E
Ij w
I i3I
4
Pararns p
;7 IIetal
[s~ml Faran-au±ill
2. Drawins.
ssmbl ad
rut: etisie 75-2-225
3.Dieaos. paI-. a
-O -~~. 03)t
;mC70
of assemy, oartste 0..%6 -m!
Fze nPgthc rw~erpzll~a
Lenzgt: Shell. anrd f In assrernhly 3.03 Cal
4. PhysialJcaratrs:Xan ue .s5.
Wizt17rt isomandart
Oetter irzgn-t nsoxse iY~
.nrznorse inerit1a
moeflc X34
.tt
BRIA -47 uA;SMkND
Ae-rod-ynamic dima ------------ ---
FL-tig tabled=t -- - - - - - - - - - - - -
5.Aercdynanik data.
&tz' eci Dragyoftins ciuenrer -- T'
b. Mlom=nt coefflcjents. rtrN Z2sicRsrz

2 a, z:
M14-,i- F,, - .r g-v- th =-v,zent ~ ~ -. ~ _
'n so vz- -f ev, cZa$-We -r.- '_-p :-J 2 -r=d mutZraiz:nC -- d' -'he.
yaw-c abctt
-r at a ftuZZp 'relocctydl 2251r 's 4 -.he nhiots TnrrpAMfrs
,.J "crA
tp~~ une aa v~cc:vd O~ fs&re sn
.. -n
alp
A
5
i<t 1
I
44i
4-1 4--
+t
~~T71
-
j~:z:~.~
~-*i f;.K;:~K
-- iw*;l.
_
4-4-,C _
I 4 Aj .. 4
i m
i: -
L
~ iL
li.i Y _ _-
I-
7LH
___
i~IliJ~: LL L it4-4*
BPLH 60.1-49 C AND ENCINEERING DATA
BAWLSU
6
)
6. Firing table ta. FT 8C-A-3 and FT 60-A-4 (abridged). Mortar, 60-mm, M12 and M19. Smooth
bore. Muzzle loaduig. Projectile weight: 2.96 1b. OCM items 14517 and 14617 recommended and approved
standardizationof the HE Shell IA49 with the PD Fuze M49. OCMitem 15196 classifled the HE Shell M49A1
(steel uistead of cast iron)witb the PD Fuze M52 as standard for limited procurement. OCM items 16026 and
16122 recommended and approved standardization of the HE Shell M49A2.
a. Form factors and ballistic coefficients. The following form factors and ballistic coefficients
relative to Projectile Type 1 apply to all elevations.
Charge Muzzle Form 32,listic

Velocity Factor 2oefficient
No. fps r1 -
0 189 .62 .850

1 292 .73 .730
2 377 .78 .680
3 449 .81 .658
4 518 .82 .650
)}
FOR SHELL. HF- WMK M49AZ BRLH 60-1-49
6
0
0
44-W I-1-1;-4-T-M 0
I I r
-T-FT
00 1 f ill
1 71.r
I 1 44-
1.4
1-4
. X
4., 4A
I
-1 L
q- --+ - I. I,-i
-4- fill
41Q
-1-4-. - - 4+- 18
-T
If
Ii
fil .4-4
.-r
1:9 1 1I
1.
I M fit I
III If
A-
t, 14 1-i-; t
+
W 4 8
t
t
r f)3C1-NOj1VA3'13
It
.0
BRLH M -49 BALUSIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
6
o
ft4t ft' t t 'if j

I ~ 'L * .. 4.
77.;
T- I f4 1- 1" 4
-44 r~ H - 1
U))
0
2
LL
II
BRLH 601-3
I
Ballistic Research Laborat-ries Ballistic Pesearch Lab.

Engireering Data for Ammunition, Maryland.
No. 60-1-83 4 March 1949
for
Shell, Illuminating, 60-mm, M83AI
with
Fuze, Time, M65A!
Section
I General ---------- 1
tI Description -.-...... - 2 - 4
II Exterior ballistic data - - 5 - 6
1! Effect data - -- - - - --- 7
SECTION I
GENERAL
Purpose .......- .... .... ...- .- .---------------------

1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnis, a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 60-mm lluminatirg Shell M83A1 with the
Time Fuze M65A. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing table and firing records
pertaining to this ammunition.
S"M Wto BALJJSTIC AND EWNEM DATA
UU
FO HILL ILLUMNATING, 60-?,4 M83AI BRLH 601.183
2-4
ParaEraph
Drawings .......- ...... .....- 2
.-.--------------------
Dimensions --- -3------------ -- -- -- --- -- -- ---
Physical characteristics .....--- ...-.-.-------- - --------- - 4
2. DrawUW~.
Shell: Body and loading assembly 75-14-350
Details 75-2-316
Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-285
Details 73-3-178,179 and 180
Complete round: Assembly and marking diagram 75-1-143
3. Dimensions.
Fins: Number 8
Length 0.80 cal
Length of assembly (outside) 0.91 cal
Body: Rear cylindrical part 0.7 cal

Conical palrt 1.1 Cal
Front cylindrical part 2.95 cal
Fuze: Length (outside) 0.87 cal
Length: Body ard fin assembly 5.18 cal

Body, fin assembly, and fuze 6.03 cal

3UUM.!3 L AND NEENW.1 DATA
SE'IICM M
UTW KBALLUTJ DATA
eodynmcaa------------------------------------
A dea85
"eL(ziywmhc
Ftrig ta-le d------------------- --------- 6
S. Aooyml MR The bellistlte coefficient of a 3.7-1lb Illuminating Shell M L. -tiv;e to
Projectile Type 1, determined at the lowest elevdon used in the range firings with each prtplltng charge,
ad the oorrespowYWC form factor ad dr coeficient are tulated below.
Muzzle Elevation Ballistic Form Drag

Coefficient Factor Coefficient
"1 KD
315 60 3 201 .177
377 50 .32! 2.11 .180
43 45 .32e 2.12 .176
L W okea&. FT a0-G-1 a-t*,-d)
Mortar, 6}-mm, IG and IM. Smooth bize. lMizle loading. Profectile weight: 3.70 lb. 0."M items
18031 and 18110 recommaMded ad approved sta iedlzationf the
fl umJ,.' , Shell M83 (propelled by 4
inrements of U.4 powder) with Time ?rae M85, which bmris for aout 15 usc.
OCM Item 2018 desipaaed this pojecti the Ulum ittg Shell M63A1 when propelled by 4 in-
crements of M pder. OCM Item 3159 reabaAftid thew projectiles as limited standard.
MR SHELL ILLUMNAMM 60.MK MAt BRIA 60-143
6
2
a-FORM-FACTOR- ELEWOON CURVES i TYPE I +H
If I _L I If
Piz, I + T4 fit
lil t
I If till
'T -
III
v: I L L
CMME4:MV430FPS.
_FTTj
16: 1M- 1 It
FTT I
fill
3 &W377 Till[
Ill. 41"
+
Ill K.- COM 2: MV315FPS I LrL+
IIII
++_1
45 50 as so 65
III IIIii i 1 1111ti llf 11 1 111'. 1111 111 1
I i fi ll I !Itit li lilt I I!Ii fI I1 f l 'Il ll I I to
I I I II I I I I I I I if;.l
Ill I If If I f : 1 I 11 .
1;- 1 .-
fill
to If
rf
4:- 11 111 1111144+
iet.Lusnc coummw- ELVATION CURVES

(PROJ TYPE 1) 41
4. ....
IL
40 fit .14 ..1, . i
ti -1 1 1A
+
fit
_c
__t__ - 444
MT 4 1
t -I
if
.__ - . -i 1 1 , : Lfl
+p! _; - .. ELEVATIMA
4 -t-t-r 11 -3 . J-1-1,
I
i H
tj i I I... t .1
5 50 55 60 Or. 70
BALWKfl AND ENNERNC DATA
MLr 604*
'i d; * IT
4- IfLI., T
1 ~ 4 +1F++i 2.
HCIZNTLRIG YADI I~ I
700 I I010001,00
f i t I i ItI t I
Ii
if0
FOR SHELL. ILUWNAIING 60.MM ?483A! BRLH- 60.1-83
6
IdHEIGHT OF BUIRST- HORIZONTAL RANGE CURVES T-
1-14'1hi 41J
II j.-p.........
120UKR E1 V43 P
177
Mt -MW.3 SALIUS AND EKXT-J.NG ATA
7
TIM rI
h- 7. U
- ----
pradwte. Tn the ftrflvC
Aftenr
----
- -
EFFECT DATA
---- -- -- 7
about 15 scond-, the ftie reieases the candle, whtch is .rried by a
te9ft of the Illumtnating Sell IM3A1, the candles burned from 25 to 31 second&
IL]
6]
SRU - i
YO0i
I ~ ResearchLaboratories
~~~allistic
Hpinibck of I~allistic and
Eng' weriz-9 Data fo- Ammln-f,
~1s
Ab
eer
%ee ri
~o
"an..
RtardiyelP-%"gGrur
'7 i;4
No. &M--3 2
ALIICAND ENGRIEF-a-G DATA
Shell~, Sm~oke MVp.8-n-,?302
Fuze, PD, 1482
Section
Creneral-I-- -- -- -- --
17. Descriptivon -------- 2 -4
Hl I Exterior baliistic data -
IV Effee. dzta-- -- -- ----- 7
SEfLMON I
GENERLAL
1. Purpose. 7Me Prpose- Of this =mber of the barzdbOck ts tO fUrnish a cconcis" :ole tc n-
rnaton re-garding the srnape, dynaxics, baU,,- ics and eif et!_s -.f the T-mmr Smn~ke (TWh.te c;*nC-v
-s' She:.
MI'wL!ti~e Point Detonating Fuze M82-. -a-s W~rattOn ts co~ected from the ±.-awi gs, repcrts, an3
"I~gtab.Zs perainling to this a,-.1lunition.
MU-I "1.302 3AJ!."j~jr AND NTNWU'-
YtI DIATA
2.52
ww
InI
4c
FOR SHELL SMOKE (WP). 60-MM. M302 BRLHI 60.1.302
2-4
SECTION I
DESCRITPTION
Paragraph
Drawings- -- --- ------- ------ ------- --------- 2
Dimensions- -- --- ------- ------- ------- ------ 3
Physical characteristics- -- ---- ------- ------- ------ 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly 75-2-360
Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-285
Details 73-1-163,196 etc.
Complete round: Assembly and marking diagram 75-1-218
3. Dimensions.
Fins: Number 8
Length 0.80 cal
Length of assembly A(outside) 0.91 cal
Shell: Ogivo-conical boattail 0.98 cal
Boattail to 'bourrelet 1.09 cal
Bourrelet 0.42 cal
Body 2.49 cal
Adapter 0.25 ca)
Fuze: Length (outside?) 1.00 Cal
Length: Shell and fin assembly 3.65 cal
Shell, fin assembly, and fuze 4.85 cal
Weight without safety wire and propellant 3.95 lb
ZA!60-1-33 B, "TIC AND ENGNEEING DATA
5.6 .
SECTINIm

Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......-... -.------------------
.. .-. ..- 5
Flring table data .......-... ... ---------------
...-.-- 6
5. Aerodynamic data. The following values of the drag coefficient were determined from the form
factor given in paragraph 6a.
Muzzle Velocit) Drag Coefficient

-fps KD
156 .086
244 .083
316 .079
380 .077
439 .075
6. Frtln table data. FT 60-F-i.

Mortar, 60-mm, M2 and M19. Smooth bore. Muzzle loading. Projectile weight: 3 98 lb. OCM items
2N23 and 26708 recommended and approved standardization of the 60-mm WP Smoke Shell 302 with the
PD Fuze M82.
a. Form factor and baillatic coefflelent The following form factor and ballistic coefficient .irtve
to Projectile Type 1 apply to all elevations and muzzle velocities.
11 0.905
- C. 0.788
44
4
FOR SHELL SMOKE V(WP). 60-MMK M302 BRU-I 60-1-302
6
4 ~
S... .. ... i~-
... ..... .............
1t 1 -4 8
1~~~1.X A~*i~
~vqt .~J
4-i
d~l~
4i -NIV3_f
* ilt
FOR SHELL SMOKE MTP), 60-MMK M302 BP.LH 60.1-302
6
~Ihr ;14- - -18 00.
Ti-4
J-j _.1
BRi IM6-302 BALLISTI AND ENGINEERING DATA
6
-42.z -i--I
4-, 4
i-r 11+ j
F14 it II r T 46
173
FOR SHELL SMOKE (WP)j 60-MM. ?302 BRLH 60.1.302

7
SECTION WV
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
White Phosphorus ......- ... .. .-. ..--.------------------ 7
7. White Phosphorus. 'White Phosphorus (WP) is a pale yellow solid which burns to white smoke in
aLr. The smoke persists for 10 minutes and has the same odor as burning matches. The burning pieces
adhere to the skin and clothing; they should be washed with copper sulfate solution or immersed in water.
%VPis used to screen advancing troops, to start fires, and to harass enemy observers.
BRLH M1~I41

Handookof alliticRndAberdeen Proving Ground,
KEngineering Data for Ammunition, Mvaryland.
No. 75-1-41 7 March 1949
for
Shell, HE, 75-mm, M41A1
Fuzes, PD, M48A2, and TSQ, M54

Section Paragraphs
I General -- -- -- -- ----- 1
11 Descript' n- -- -- -- --- 2-4
III Interior ballistic data - - - 5 - 6
VI Exterior ballistic data -- - 7 -8
SECTION!I
GENERAL
Purpose -- -- -- - -- - -- -- - - -- - -- -- - -- -- - - ----- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 75-mm High Ex~plosive Shell M41I with the
Point Detonating Fuze M48A2 and the Time and Super-quick Fuze M454. This information is collected from
the drawings, reports and firing tables pertaining to this ammun~tion.
BRL~i 75.1.41 BAWLSM1 AND ENOWNFN DATA
I~c
?J
FOR SHELL HE, 75-?4. M41AI BRLH 75.1A1

2.4
SECTION 1i
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Draw ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
D im ensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Physical characteristics .....- .... ...-...-...--------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly, marking diagram
and details 75-2-25§
Booster M20: Assembly 73-2-112
Fuze, PD, M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140
Details 73-2-143, etc.
Fuze, TS7, M54: Assembly 73-3-i54
Details 73-3-15, 157, 158, 159, 160
3. Dimensions.
Boattail: Angle 7*30'
Length 0.486 cal
Band: Distance from boattaU 0.273 cal
Width 0.163 cal
Ogive: Length 1.077 cal
Fuze: Outside length 1.266 cal
Shell and Fuze 4.547 cal
Ogive and Fuze 2.343 cal
Mesn weight: Zone 1 13.8 1b
Zone 2 (standard) 13.9 lb
Zone 3 14.2 lb
0.118 lb. ff
Axial moment of inertia (estimated)
Transverse moment cf inertia (est.) 1.09 b. ft
3
M93U75."t BALLSTIC AND ENCLNWUNG DATA
SECTI ON'S
-707
+39 4
+34 +284
4
FOR SWL. HE 71.5A M41A) BRI. 75.1.41
5.6
5EC"r0OI IT!
MLTRIOR BALLISTM DATA

aragraph
Stresses -------------------------------- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore - ......................
5. Stresses. 7he folloing table ad the graphical representation on page 4 show the longitudinal,
radlai and tangentia stress at each of Ciree sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the front
of the band seat, and (C) Immediately behind the bourrelet.
Howitzer 75-m MI, MIA1, M' and M3
Twist of rifling 1/20
Cross-sectional area of bore 7.0043 sq in.
Rated maximum pressure 29,000 psi
Total weight of projecttle 13.90 lb
Muzzle velocity 1,270 fps
Density of filler (TNT) 0.057 lb per cu in.
Resultant Stress' Section
T~TI%_5 A B C
LongitudInal - 180 - 490 - 422
Radial + 405 + 39 + 47
Tanential - 707 +342 +284
* + denotes tension, - denotes compression-
6. 'Theoretical yaw i bore.

MInmum 13.6 mir
M a~xium 18.? min
8RL4 7S141 BALLUSTC AND F.4NEERING DATA
7.8
SECTION IV
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......- ... -.------------------
.. .-. ..- 7
Ftring table data- ......- ... -.------------------
.. .-. ..- 8
7. Aerodynamic data. The trajectories for the 75-mm Howitzers were based on the G. drag !undion,-
with balistic coefficients determined from range firings (see par. 8b). The extrapolated values of the
ballistic coefficient at zero elevation and the corresponding form factors and drag coefficients are tabulated
below.
Muzzle Ballistic Form Drag
Velocity Coefficient Factor Coefficient
fps 02 2 KD
705 1.964 .81 .057

820 1.886 .85 .056
965 1.830 .87 .059
1270 1.714 .93 .149
3. Firing tabe dta. FT 75-1-4.

Howitzer, 75-mm, UIAI, M2 and M3. Twist off rtIlIW. 1/20. OCM items 15194 and 15278 recom- )
mended and approved reclas-Ifying the HE Shell M4lAI as substitute standard fer the Howitzers.
8)
T
FOR SHELL HE 75-W M41AI BRLH 75-141
7-
-FORM FACTOR - ELEVATION CURVES
(PROJ TYPE 2)
I TT
vt t
f I
t- T
4
1270
I P
lot
01
T!
-T +
Lor
4- 44-4- 4_
V T
_LL
20
P. 4 T 11 T
+4-1 4
I + 1 4
j- ol
+ -i + T
v-T'";LT T
if
dr
.441
-CHARGE
+
MV- FPS 74 H a.
f I I
J:
+
to +
I V_
4 i
-FT
_._T
ELEVATIOri-VALS 4--t-4-
.7
AM 400 600 800 1000 1200
7
NpJJ 75-41 lWJJ1fl AND LW~aNEERMN DATA
r- hS~ALUSTICG FMEG CURVES

- &EEVATION
(PROJ TYPE 2) f+ III
fit
!I. +f W1
J-I~
04ZO 40 t 0 8 J-0 1.0
40
844
FOP SHELL H4E. 75-M!4 MJIAI Rj} 71L S
E L EM7%
ANr-EC
_______ - - ---- QIAGE W)XRPANGE'-YDS :z.

~GHA 2rL'z~ a 4225
254 30 *
A.~a3 7020 >
100--_
"'It_' 1; -
1wI zi -U.----
.4 j--f
t 4- -.---
20(X
400 600 eo or, '0000
&UM 75-1-IlBALUS1C AND ENGNEM~NIG DATA
I0 AGEO FL AG
fill____LI fL__ _ -
Ill 4
8200
FOR SHELL. HE. 75-MM M41AI BRLH 75.1-41
130 elTERMINAL VELOCITY-RANGE CURVES -4d

IM
1100
4-
T+
1100 4-
w
r #V,-
10001 Itz
W-II
-N. 4-
4- -
Ilk + 4
1 1270
90C I I I I LJ I t
-F
T -t iI
Boo 3 2.7
965
I r-t- t
a?. 0
4 4,,
r -L-4 . j. t T
41 J_; 1
T
_TT _14 J
600-71
I Ij
CHARGE 4
MV -FPS 705
RANGE YARDS'
500L
0 2000 4000 6000 Soov 10000
BRLW 75-141 BALUS'nC AND ENGINUANG DATA
f.TIME 0 F FLIGHT RA NGE CURVE S

-J
-14+- .-- 44-1-
.4-4 1.1-
!+
-r- 14+ r
3
ORA RGE 1i fit

1,11
40 Wi- F" 705-- T
It r f I I I ILL
.4sI if ll if I
30
ou
U.
PO
0
00 t M
it 4 f1i 14-
14V tj t -
ul I t 114 4-
10
f4-j-4,
.! , t
1t t -4 RANGE - YARDS T 1 4
01)
2000 4000 $000 9000 10000
FOR SHELL HE. 75.MMK M41I BL475i4
75- 8AN0
MV-FPST 965..S
II
L
I f i t
BR475 -41 BALLIMTC AND) ENWdNEMICN DATA
I _;
t
144
'OR SHELL HE, 75-1141M41AI BRLH 75-1-41
8
(AVERAGE FOR_+I MIL AN GLE OF SITE) ~ U
ELVAIN ANGLE OF COMPLEMENTARY

SIT E ANOF SITE
CHRG 11 pf
I
HIHI
II
OPN 5-41BAUJS1I AND ENCINEMJNG DATA
ItI
Io-M-±2
-t-r
II I~
4-
-FPS~' ?0't'i2
181
FORSHEL. E.75-MMK M41AI RH714
SMUZZLE
MRANGE EFFECT OF IFPS INCREASE INJf
VELOCITY-T ~
qT T +
It
44 i. 4 . _t-
4-~RA-YADS1:!
0 200 400 600 000 00+
IT
rp 75.4 BALLMIC AND ENrINEEIN DATA
EITFTT-Fr l NaW IN .L
(59OF IS STANDARD)
.14
- 41 t -- L
-L4
i-H
A I
I..I
L
181
IIt
FOR SHELL 14E. 75-MM. M,4IAI BRLH 754.41
aJ
16~
4-4-
~7052-j~ 2 ~4-1270-
+1-i~ i-i- .11_14
0 200 000 $00 aoo 10+
fit
J
XUA 75-4-41 RAIUSTIC AND ENGINEERIM, DATA
ANGE EFFECT OF 1%INCREASE INAR DENSITY

I 111-Zl i ft. I
-LU (100% IS STANDA
III f i t if 1 1
I II ti l l #
I-tr-
x IN I-A
CHARGE I
MV-FPS 705
loll lfliiflr-L -1:1-
2
I
3
loll 9 65 Iiii
IF
r fit I
-H -i
" - -1 1&- -444
4 4
4
t t T
IH- I
w m; -i T-
1At 4: -41
w
I 1114 4 H4-
1-14 1- - I-Vid 127
+
4j -,T t
-30
-V 4-1 TZ.
J- -7 771-.-M-
.4
RANCA YARDS H
2000 4M acw Bow 10000
20
BR1.L 75.1
I

Engineering Data for Ammnitlon, Mryland.
No. '!5-1-48 10 March 1949
for
Shell, HE, 75-mm, M48,and M48E2
with
Fuzes, %?T, M43; PD, M48A2, M51A4 and M57;
TS, M54 and M55A3; CP, M78; and VT, M97A1 and T73
Section Paragraphs
I General - -1----------I
Ii Description - --------- 2 - 4
M Interior ballistic data ---- - 5 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data - - - 7 - 10
V EfIect data-- ---------- -14
SECTION I
GENERAL
REarap
Purpose - ---- -- ---- --- ---- --- ----------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of inisr-
mauon regarding the shape, dynamics, baltstid s and effects of the ?5-mm High Explosive Shell M4e with the
Mechan zal Time Fuze M43, the Point Detonating Fuzes M48A2, M51A4 and M57, the Time and Super-quick
Fuzes M54 and M55A3, the Concrete Piercing Faze M'?8, and the Vaxiable Time Fuze M9?AI. It also includf
some data regarding the experlanenta. High Exrlosive .ell M48E2 and Variable Time F.e T'?3. This inf:r-
mat,orn ,s coilected fzorn tne drawings, reports, firing taoies, and technical manuals pertaining tc this an-m-
tion
arm M-4 RAJ.LS71C ANO ENGINFEXM DATA
ALI DIMENSIONS IN CAUiBERS

ICALz 2.53"
-9
- 2.45 -
I I
9 I
SHELL, HE, 75-MM, M48

FUZE, M4A2
4.69
.4129- 2.08
IL
I_ I
= . ... 3~.79 - S --
,SHELL, HE,75-MM, M48

FUZE,OP MI
2
FOR SHELL mE71M1 MS -LL75-1-0-
2-3
Dim.ensions - 3
Physical cha-racteristics ------------------------ 4
2. Dra-wLnj.
Shell MO.- Meta parts a-ssembly, marking diagram
and details 7--
Booster MX: Assembly 73-2-1 2
Booster M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154
Fine, MT, M43: Assembly7-7
Fac. PD. M4SA2: Ass-embly 73-2 -14(0
Details 73-2-143, etc.
Details u3-2-143, fltc.

a Me.
.15:
Assebly and det-a~s 713 -2p-
Details 734-2-129
Fin2e, m1q. MN4: Asse-mbly 7-13- 154
I57, 73-3-158 1w6 ise, 160
:Fue, TS.MSS6i: Assembly and deafr 7..3 5
(The Booster M21.A4 and !he TOFine U5( azre
ceiposents off the TSQ Fuse M&W2)1
,CP, MW6: S&dy assembly.- and edetailIs 32". 4
Boalail: Angler
Q4Q9
CO.gt
Band. D-istance from beattat!- 0.2c;
-
ritct,-e from baseOJ i
-n L2. .3
uv
Ulf. adyf2 n:hifla2a
C-gwoe: Lengir:.ha
Pad'=s of arc '~
Srteli; uritized: LenrC
urs
flI M148-.4- BALUSTC ANU ENC4NEFMRMN DATA
Fuze, C03, M'78: Cutstde length 0.90 cal

Shell and Fuze 4.69 cal
Ogive and Fuze 2.08 cZl
~t1charaetr'islics.
Faze Mean Weigh- (4 Base to Moments of pertia
Zone Center of (lb.ft )
2 3 Gravity V Transerse
_(Standard% (cal)
MT 14.40 14.70 15.00 2.043 0.1260 1.523

PD 14.40 14.70 15.00 2.03? 0.1259 1,495
TaQ 14.40 14."D 15.00
CP 15.12 15.42 15.72
VT 14.65 14.95 15.25
SECTION M
ITURKR BALLWIC DATA
Paragraph
*Strewff -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- - - -- - -- -- - - -----
.heoredcal yaw In bore .....--- ...-.-.--------- --------- - 6
5L 3w.fion. The following table d the graphical representation on page 5 show the lonitudina±,
radial and tangential stress at each of two sections: (A) the rear corner of the band so-at and (B) the front
-f the band seat.
Gun 75-ram, M1897Al

Twist of rifling 1/25.586
Cross--ectioml area of bore 6.967 sq '.a,
Eateimaitmum pressure 36,000 psi
Total. weight of projectile 14.70 lb
FIzzle velocity 1,950 fps
Dens 4- of filler 0.057 lb per cu in.
Resultant Stress* Section

RU -psi A B
Longitudinal - 203 - 410

Radial +326 - 15
Tangertial •605 + 438
+ deaotes tension, - denotes compression.
T*a
TL. yaw in be-e.
MljM;aun 9 mI
MaMxum 13 mtn
N4
FOR S,,EI.L HE. 75-MM, M48 BRLH 75.!48
5
AB
_ -7
SECTIONS
A -605
+326
-203-4 -4108
-- 45
/
- 436
LONGITUDINAL r.
N5
75.1..4,8
BIW.J-I BALlISTI AND ENUNEE.NG DATA
7
SECTION W
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......-..... ...-. ..--.----------------- 7
Firing table data: Howitzers .....--- . ..-.---------------- - 8
FUring table data: Tank Guns ....--- ...-.-.------- --------- - 9
Firing table data: Aircraft Guns - ---- - - - - - - - - -- -- --- 10
a. Lou of spin. Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Report No. 297, "Spin Imparted
by 75-mm Gun Tl3E1", gives data obtained by means of a radio spin sonde from five inert M48 Shell with
a dummy fuze that has the same contour as the PD Fuze M48A2, fired from 75-mm Guns T13E1 with special
tubes that have a French form of rifling with a twist of 1/22. The average muzzle velocity was 2014 fps.
Below are average data for times of flight from 1 to 18 seconds:
Reynolds' number, based on the translational
velocity and the caliber of the shell and the
kinematic viscosity oi the air 2.30x10
Axial couple coefficient, KA 0.00587
Skin friction drag coefficient, C9F 0.00175
b. Stadlity. The "Report on Stability Firing with 75-mm T3 Shell Fitted with M39A2 PD and
T12 Mechanical Time Fuze:e (Ordnance Program 4982, Technical Staff Test Program 1932-685) gives data
on stability for the Shell M48 (T3) with the MT Fuze M43 (T12) at muzzle velocities of 905, 1113, 1479, and
2190 fps. The report on "Stability and Damping of 75-mm HE Shell M48 (Ballistic Research Laboratory
Memorandum Report No. 203) gives data on stability for the Shell M48 with the MT Fuze M43A3 and the
PD Fuze M48 at a muzzle velocity of about 1950 fps. The stability firings were done with the 75-mm Gun
M1920 MVI No. 1, which was rifled with a twist of 1/25, and a modified Aircraft Gun M4 with a tWist of 1/22.
The twist of rifling is 1/20 for the 75-mm Howitzers, 1/22 for the Aircraft Guns M5AI and M00, and 1/25.586
(corresponding to an aLgle of 7) for the Tank Guns M3, M6 and )17 and the Antiaircraft Guns Te and T2.
69
I
FOR SHELL H E. 75-MM. M48 H3RLH- 75-48
7
P14 )STABILITY FACTOR - MACH NUMBER PLcIIFZE D 4
4+~
=7 -1
7UEMI4
nu F
BRLH ;5 1.48 BALLSTIC AND ENGINEERIN DATA
II
DRAG~E75 NUMBER PLDT
COFFCINT
MACH -14
44 SHELLI H5-mM .. a; FUZE,CPD, 7PI
SEL;HEL, 75-MM M48;UE,TJ 3
fill 1.5 I ID . r- 2I 1- 3.5
fil
I 80M,
.
'E
PIPTTP
8 UZOh5
IfI1
FOR SHELL HE 75-MM. M48 BRL-i 75-.148
7,8
d. Damping. The damping of the M48 Shell was observed in connection with the stability firings at
1950 fps. The average values of the sum of the yawing moment damping factor f and the cross wind force
damping factor K are tabulated below.
Fuze f + K Probable Error

MT, M43A3 2.82 0.49
PD M48 5.00 1.08
Both 3.76 0.77
8. Fiing table datax Howitzers. FT 75-1-4 with C5.

Howitzers, 75-mm, M1A1, M2 and M3. Twist of rifling: 1/20. OCM items 15055 and 15132 recom-
mended and approved standardization of the HE Shell M48 for use inthe Field Gun. OCM items 15194 and
15278 recommenaed and approved standardization of the HE Shell M48 for use in the Howitzer.
/9
i°9
Y - -. ' ¢ I-" . . . . ... __ , I - - . :. . .. . ...

BALUSMIC AND MUNEEM.W.1 DATA
l i f t I 1 . 11
.... .. .. .... ...
If I &FOW FACTOR- ELEVATION CURVES
(PROJ TYPE 2) f I I T-
f I lilt if i lilt L
f - [IT7__
+H!J±
If I I I III
'T
-M I
130
T U
44
CHA GE I
MV- PS 7
Lac if
fi l l II
2
81
ug M
.1 L +
-A Ii
4
950' - f
-4- 4Z if
CHARIGGE I L IA4,
X
MV-FPS Ir I
700 V It t
4 4
TL I- t, 4_4
P
+ t -,1,1250 -4-L
_
r i4_
ELEVAM.111-M T
T
ew 400 SIMI 800 1000 1200 14'"00
FOR SHEUL HE 75.MM.M4 BRLH- 75.-4*
220
L i
4'
ITmbBLITCCEOEN L)nNCRE
HII
tol
200 ~ o
Irt 4 ii ~
L 0 1
BRU4 75.1-48 BALUSTIC AND ENMNEFAM DATA
e.ELEVATION- RANGE GuRVES

M i f i If II II filli f
if .- _ 11 Ill I
TrT
TIT
)III, flit
Ifilit
J_
400 CHARGE 1 2 a 3 4 J
VV-FPS I70D
Ati810 i--Ll
if, 1-1 FT CHARGE MAX RANGE
if 4195YDS
5350YDS
3 MOYDS
if 1 0 1 11. 1., If If 1 4 962DYDS
II I k 1 1N I IN I I I I I
4H 4- rr-
if. I
-L X I I I R,
I I 1 1% 1 1 c I I
A I I
I t I
L
ISM I I V&
I I A I
4W
I I v
I A
r-T, T
--L 4 +4 T
zoc
L
It
1+ -
_T UK
RANGE -Yims
zm Wim a" 10OW
FOR SHELL HE. 75.lM? M48 BRUI 75-1-48
8
120 i ____I _
~~~ Tf _ __ __
414
44-1
I0 1 1 Ill I
MUM= AND E14MSMNG DATA
BRW 75-146
e.TERMINAL VELOCITY- RANGE CURVES

- 111
ft f i I I #........ , 1
41
IFtf 4 +41
I
14
if i! ! I II
if
4-
I
tit -
tit -t-T
Izoo
f
100c I If
!I
+ i l1tF fI..f f j
l l l -1
I I if i
1250--
If I I III -4
4 950 Fill I I
fil liI
lilt I I
it
81
44-H
it-1
i T
If FI
CHARM
IF I _L
lil t tl I
lit
FT_
rt
-H -
200 - W_
44
T-T -T 17 _144
F 4 L4+
_L' L
2ow 4000 6000 8000 10000
14
FOR SPUL HE. 75.MK M46 BRLH 75-148
UIME OF FUGHT- RANGE CURVES H4 i:

f i t If !fi t
.
i ..... . .....
f It l l i I f i
H-1,
.. ...... .. ..
H4+FP', t r-7-I
-Till i 1 .444-
AI I 1 1;
t-T'- T
SIC
-T-r
-r-r-
if li-Ill fit
-it
-T-f 610
I I IN
40
4+i
I T__FT
CNIARM I will
MV- r PS 1 1 1A
I V! I
I 7TF
vi 4
20
tL 44-
4-
T-t
t -- T L+
14
4- 4
10 -
1 14 Lai-4
-r + A-1.
It 1
t i
4 ;-_ , . 4
R NSE - YAR.DS
0
0 P-C.00 4000 6000 6000 V01000,
5~JJ4 7~P4U-M5-11C AND ONC1NEMEW, DATA
120 S M 3 T~ 4 gOI-AG UIE

3 5062FTO
i *,4
I f
wO 4 FE O1
~4UTr 1 LWN
-4-4
- - - -
,- . ** * .. * I -'
~y I~ff
16m
FOR SHELL HF. 75. M N444 PLH 15-1-46
£-iqwzzzT.: ANGLE OFSrTE.
a++ --
LGOMPLEMENTARY
I - - '- .++ --J-

-. -
--......
(AVERAGE MR!_ i MIL ANGLE OF SITE)
a ..-
.--.-.
•
a. -a---;-.a--.-a
+ - + : .+-
-4. -+--
- ,- - .
.. .
. .. --
--- a-
L2ZZZIZZZ . .. ------.rV---j-----U--F.
I T tI &
-- -
-- S
--r-
- -•t - HIG I
OF "'"4~~KAR
... . . a .
+ .+SITE-
______-__--_
HIGH
I - -
+ -' I*a
......
.. .HIGH I TT --
---
_ _+tH_ _
_ -H+ _ - -
I +
i,,--,,-.- : - - ° ,- .**-.---:• --- -- - j - _I-
4--a
: '-- !,-" S"O- t" +-- -- " _.... - _ _.-

j
,,a.-...+- -a--..-----.- .---a- .-.-. . ~ .- -. _._..... _. ..
_+ _I • -+; -.- -+ .- - ,- __+ ,
_-___________,___________ __+ -._:+
* _ I -T .V l _ : I 1__
-rr--..,---{- {.+
-++--+++ "+ - +-t- -aF7-ZZ- I, +.__
"! + ++,4+r t+---- +-~--- . -~ ,.__
; ___
- -- I-
:
a-- :, {. ..
IIW-,---- --
-,.
f-l , l CI-.C
_ -- _
T3+E
"M- 4-:
_ T--'
-
4-*---
.343 wItr
--
++
. ,+---
-- ------ +
'- ---
._-a--±,-,--.-.
CLT ii+-
.-. - i- ----
.+ -+ . ...._. 1 ++
-
-
-' a
iA ---r+------------
. . .L .. ------------ - ... /+ . .. . .. :_--_ -_ . . . _-
_+ . _---+_ --
...
+ ... .. . -.-- ! - - iS..... 4+ ...--. _,, . -a .a. .. a + -
I -I l --
0zzlz 400-0 4 scrv 30 00

9 - +4.-. ... -a,+ '._a a .. . .. -- f-.. -....- ra.. - -L.-i ; - - a - " + - :
* 4 a .-.--.
..- -- a--.
+-a -, . ...-
i . , ...
--- ..
.,+
_ _- +..r+ "" + -," "" + '+. . . . . .
2000 -- 0"
'
400'"' s"O-C- ) ,to"" " o o...
-+. +'+ ....-'- -. ,, .... I "" ~af

. . . ., ' 1 . . . . . . .
. . . -. ' - + +
t,-. + .+
. .i. .
, ++&.
.. ++
, ,....
: ,.+
. + + =..
. . . + +.
. .I. .
+.+ .+. +
.. .
++ _. . ..
.;. . . ... . + . ,
C +
N+ -- $ _+ 2 +T . - . .tr - +_2 :++' :4$-- +.= + __.::+:+
a- 4 +/- 4 ++ _- + .. . . + +. + . . . + + o . - . .
BRU?75--48BPLLISTC AND UNG[WNERANC DATA
XRASEEFECOF OE INCREASE INWEICW OF PROJECTILE

ZONE 2,MARKED++,IS STANDM)
I +
TI-
t 1 121.4..
1-. . . ..
1+8
tF -~ =-rt'
FOR SHELL HE 75.M. M48 BRLH 75. 1-48
E EFFMOT OF I FPS "NfEASEIN PiZZLE VELOCITY
I I
4-'-4- , -
8119
- F- - - -- -
FOR SHELL HE 75-NUA M48 BRLH 75.1-48
O"E EFFECT OF I FPS WCAEASE IN MUZZLE VELOC ITY

[fill It
-T-
-4
-- 4
-4-
F
HARGE 1 10 950
-7-MV-F 1I 1I 1!
'01i rl I t I 1!Irl12 1I 1I I
I !fI I
I 1A
2 4
1250
4T
-- -
4
4-
-4-4-4
-4- t
It
144. t4- - - -
4
4 .4-
4-i-
,I X
1 4 + r-4 I
-4 4 1
T
-I
fl RANGE - YAKDS 4
A
0 4000 6= Mz 10000
mpw
BRLa 75-1-43 BALUSIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
I l iifl f I I I I Ir T I- I I
LRANGE EFFECT C~F NCREASE IN AIR TEMPERATURE
OWFIS S7NDARD)
I' l 1 I f i l I t I I
-1~I __ __
0
FOR SHEU_ HE. 75.MK M48 BRLH 75-148
8
T7
NGE EFiFiE'G'T' H REAR WND 4-
14
T7
4
I-50
H
I I f
IT I
J-1-LL
T
3r
L4
I i7T
950
_W
6- UU) -4r 1 1 , I I
10
4 14-T
tit
CHARGE 4- T-
MV-FPS700
tt,
+
7T.
R4NGE YAR
oi.
0 2000 4000 Gooo 8000
BRtB 7-. BALUSI~fC AND ENINFUNG DATA
~~~RA(100%R _3_STANDARD
It 0 440 fil0II00i 60 800
i22
WINNE=
FOR SHELL HE. 75-MINt M48 BRLH 75.1-A8
o.SUMMITAL YAW
I I I
1;1 fill
! fit If f
it 1 1
fit
CHARGE I
-t4--
MV FPS T
-T = F.
T
so
14, J-11 i rT
r-r-7T- 71
it
ASSUMED KM L9 If It
T-17-
bi I 111 .1
iZ it
If I
T
If 1. 1. 4- T-
20 lit 4
fill t Ill it
if
VI
15- --4+
f-t
I !!if if
If
I T- 4A
F, I .4-
10
I I I it I I
-I If
T--j 4 -L-LL-
I J
A -L-
ELEVATION - MILS 41-1

900 1000 1100 ;200 1300 1400
Ia!, iI 1:111
i 1! :A!:!
M -M M-z-
BRLH 75-t-45 BALUJSTIC AND E 4NCINEEINC DATA
~9
9. frMr t daCr Ta kGun. FT75-AY-1.

Guns, 75-mm, 14 (moumted in Medium Tank M4 and modification, Including Assault Tank M4A3EZ)
M6 and M17 (mounted in Light Tank M24). Twist of rifling: 1/25.586.
0CM items 16640 and 16741 recommended arid approved the use of the HE Shell M48 in the 75-mm
Tank Gun 12, which is now obsolete.
NS
20
-__- -4
N0
FOR SHE"L HE 75-MM. M43 BRLH 5-1-48
9
&ORM FACTOR - ELEVATION CURVES

(O TYPE 2)
LII
II .74-4-4I
II
-r -IT-~
~mM 7-I.4~RLUS11C AND1ENC4MNEEUN DATA
9
LBALUSIMC COEFFICIENT - ELEVATION CURVES

(PRO~J TYPE 2)
I- - 44
I fL
ri-I
4- MVw
150 P
It It II RID DC A G
It* -4-- -
1~s FPS I3tOLA
II I I - * I
or II F *Jj I *i j
l i t,
I 1 -1A
*i
t EOCDHA6
* If
-l i
14 441
LI4-
SUECHM + I
LEVAT ON -~W~Us
I-4~IL~-±- rw--4
0400 6W0 Boo
FOR SHELL HE 75..Y.K M48 BRLi 75-1-48
9
c-SLE-VATION -RANGE CURVES PD FUZES.%TSO

NORMAL %_1ARGE
(Julvp 00 MLS) MV 1520 FPS
-I ifi!
T a
1+ 4-
414:J2
4;
I I T i I I I
700
PD FUZES a TSQ 4
CHARGE MARANGE
7 SUPER 13995 YDS
6000 NORMAL 11285 YDS
IT-_T REDUCED 6985
4- -
I I If
500 444, H-,-'-L,4-4

PD FUZESa
REDUCED CHARGE
mv 960 FPS
_L _14
400
I TA
T_T_
30 0
> Pr) F1179 aTSQ
SUPERCHARGE
44 r .71
... ... ... .
20 rl-m _4 4-
4-i
4
UP FUZE i4
ERCHARGE it4
mv twFP_
4- 1+; .. ....- 4
it R Afq GEE - YARDS,
0 P-000 44DOO 6000 8000 10000 12ow 10,000
27
BRLM- M5I-48 BAWSTJC AND E2NG1NEMRNC DATA
I I f
A TANJK GUNS
dANLEOF FALL -RANGE CURVES
I I II
I1I2 I I
it I I [ i
* TQ AND PD FUZS NOMA CHARGE
J- i I
IL 1
I tI
ISM1 REDUCEDG8AGE
A 41
400E~ 4000R~ x'o MEi~
4 _ 4- - -4
FOR SHELL HEF.75-. M48 BR, 75-1-48
9
TA.NK GUNS
* ,;,4,
* .r CERMINAL VELOCITY RANGE CURVES ; -
+oiC4t414 J.- . r+..

, ,r-t .,,
_
i -4. 4 !,
. ., 4...... -
+-f-................... ...-+t- -i ..
*t H 4. . .
.I- -. -.
-,_,;i------- _ _-. -- _, -4---
m. '• +.++
-f"+ ', .:PD)AND TSQ FUZES ,+"-+ "'-._.+r+
L ,'--' 2Z 1..,. r -
I
''
I,•ij ,kl' SUPERCIARGE .+

.. r . -~T ,-' -
- - " " I--, '4£..---

.-- ' -f--, -, fl
F.
1 7 r i-+•--. 4
,. - ! r+i
t ; i ! I L Li + !+'"-r- ; ......t•f-t
I ykL
4. 4--.- I . +-.+,+
[ + I. *--'tt' •
,.._ ...... ..
''~1='' * ORMACAG
REDUCED MV150 -i.4-4
l'
-RAE-
....... YARDS
o 2000 4000 tA2100 SOW *OW0 120 14000
29
~~13 ~ MIAJSUMC MND £~J~J DATA
KGIUNS_ - ~ T
'I4
LLL t T AN __LIAAL
T 1 ME OF FLGT-RECRE
I-~4 , *
. I 4L q .JL V
4-
if 11 ;it ED GHAE I ~.~ L 2
II
Ho4 1
L- 11 A -1
_ 44- a -
T~~+.r . .i-a
.-
a a4
~ ata
F,
RANGE--A.D
_* 2 MO 4ox=0 -6
*, * ..
-&--.-4=L- .- I
q ~" IM-
'
X--- F
~
20Q0 ~ W MXOI~~I2Ol 40
mJil 115.1-4a
FOR SHELL HE 7M-k%04 ?A.a
STANK QLW4$S ~ t~I:zz
K§I~rA 9 DRFT- RANGE CURVES
-44i
-u ?IO-- '
6, 4' S
-s-h I
---.-----
Y, a~+OE -
'.5;:
-, I EFETC
NN..." WP XY
Pffp oMR
-- --
116_ _ _ r-Z _ '
rtiAm ??;;+~~~* &PRHR

WE=
14
~~J-~600 - '- 90.-.---44 *Go 1:'
BRLH 75-1-48 BALLISTIC AND IMN'UQEJNC DATA
9
FOP, II101 Nx- "r"SiE _______AG
r I
FD~ ANDj
T,5 UE
I~~~ RA tR)
U 4-00 &)O 00002000 140
FOR SHELL HE. 75.M?4 M48 BRLH 75.1.48
9
TANK GUNS
4-PANGE EFFECT OF I ZONE INCREASE p~
1! IN WrEIGHiT CF PROVAECTILE
(ZONE 2, MARKED++, IS STANDARD) r?
-tT
+ _T t
..
LL1 __________________
0 ~00 00 6004,0 900 100~' ~00
- ~ __ ____- > ~- ~Sf

BRLH 75-1-48 BALUSTIC AND) ENINEERNG DATA
1-Tt
1i1271
D. T-Y
AN RRDS
10 ---
_ -=-~- ~ -=-- ~ -=-T.

FOR SHELL HE 75-MM. M48 BRLI- 75.1-48
9
4- 14 l UN t4K
LRANGE EFFECT OF 'F INCREASE ' t2t*
IN AIR TEMPLRATURE
(590 IS STANDARD) :
J,4+4 T4,~
I 44
-44 4.-A 4
-4-1 14
i+
-1"4 8 PP
Li TL!T
*-~ i- ~ --
PD AND TSNGEFUZcs T
--------- -=----.J-. *---_i I.
NELGIL OR
F00 f00+0 100 100 4
-~~~CAG 7~-~~~-~~_
BALUSTIC AND FENNMNG DATA
W.Wi 7514
9
TANK GUNS
:T: Tm.RANG;r EFFECT ,F I MPH REAR~ WIND ---
I f i l l
lilt
44L44
UYW
PD AND1Q17' 4:Wt I
-4--
- I' - -- 1
10~-H -p 4
1 4 w IeO FPS-
o ~ REDUWG HARGEj t-T.

____ 9W FPS
&LrI iI'I ___
r~pjit~~RANGE VAPOS
200 400 600 = 0=0 200 M
Au38
FOR SHELL PE. 7',.MM.. M48 BRLH 75-148
9
H,
1+ TANK GU S L I
....
. n. RANGE E FFECT OF 1%INGVEASE INAR DENSITY
(100% IS STANDARD)
lj
T- H*H IT' 4 4-
H-PI R-171
_144 1-1;
V.- jJ4
C44ARGE
REDUCED I TI
mv 960 FPS 4- AND TSQ PJZES
I +fl -1-T-
11 t 1
R- i-A ij, -
11 f I II
IL
-4-
1+
4-14 4--T H
7 1
NOFUMCMFM
MV 1520 FPS
_30-
fill
L
If Ii i fi t
-4
F-I
cl* NX1 1
iA ,
I -A
it,
-60r d4++
7- -1 1A
-T- 4L
s"L PiER CHARGE'
MV 1980 FPS
7c
A T -I
4-' F -i T-11, IT
-4t , 44 RAN GE, J_
f 4#1 T
0 Rom 4000 0000 12000 14=
IR
9J5J14j
IG RAL4JS1C AND ENCINEEPING DATA
IFuze: 10. Firing table datA. Aircraft Guns. FTL 75A.C-AW-1.

Guns, 75-mm, M5A1 and U1O (zuouxit&d in aircraft). V.V: 1,950 fps. Twist of rifling: 1/22.
PD, M57. 0CM items 20756 and 20991 recommended and approved the tine of the HE Shell M48 in
the 75-mm Aircra~t Gun M4, which is now obsolete.
a. Aerodynamic coutstants. 4
Form. factor, i (relative to drag function for

HE &iell M48 with PD Fuze M57 ) 1.00
Ballistic coefficient, C (relative to drag function
for HE OheLl M448 with PD) Fuze 1-57)1.8
Normal st ability factor, ss 1.85?
Damping constant, c' 0.000, 984,lft 1
Damping constant, a" 0.000, 025, 68ff 1
Winda-ge jump coefficient, b 24,931 mils. fps
Yaw-drag coefficient, K&18.4 rad-2
b. Trajctoy d"a The firing tables apply to a gun flexibly mounted in elevation on an airpla-ne
flying horizonta~lly, sr mounted at a fixed elevation on a diving airplane, and firing at a target on the ground.
They list the following daa and certain effects on them for true air- speeds of 2,60 and 3.50 mph:
Time of flight:
S Horizontal-angle between the gun and the li1ne of sight.
Vertical angle between the gun and the line of sight.
38
FOR SHFLL HE 75-MM. M BRLH 75--
~II
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Ricochet data - -------------------- ------- 11

Effectiveness - ------------- ------- ------- 12
Fragmentation - -- - - -- - --- - ---- -- - ------ --- 13
Penetration - --- ------- ---- ------- ------ 14
11. Ricochet data. The fcqowing data an ricochet of 75-mm HE Shell M48 with P) Fuzes M48A2 and
M51A4 were taken from volume TL of 'Terminal Ballistic Data".
a. HOWITZER, 75-MM, MIAI, M2 and M3
TABLE 73
TANK GUNS, 75-mm, W3, M6 and M17
Range Angle of Angle of Impact Height PE in

Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst Height
of Bust
yd mils mls yd-- t ft
Charge 1
VV700 fps 1,030 109 155 26 12 2
242 265 17 14 3
3,(o 415 315 7 7 2
Charge 2
MV 810 fps 1,000 82 120 32 12 2
2,000 178 220 24 16 3
3,000 295 25 15 14 3
Charge 3
MV 950 fts 1,000 58 90 40 i1 2
2,0(0 127 175 33 21 4
3,000 208 245 25 18 4
4,000 305 225 "7 15 4
_______5,000 4--r,; o15 8 8
MV 1,250 fps 1,030 3 80 51 l 2
2,000 86 125 42-9 3

3,000 142 1 E3 35 20 4
4,000 206 45 284
A,000 279 M5 21 4
6,000 363 310 14 14 4
- 3_
ww 75.f4 I~ B.ALLIMC AND ENG1NEF ,NGDATA
bi TA.X GUM, 75-MM, M3, MG and MI7 -
TJABLE 74
TANK GUNS, 75-M-M, M3, M6 and Ml7
PE In
Range Angle of Angle o Impact Height Height
Fal Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd si"l s I ya ft it
Reduced Charge
V 960 fps 1,000 59 90 40 l1 2
2,03W 126 170 33 17 3
3,000 206 245 25 18 4
4,000 301 295 17 16 4
Normal Charge
1." 1,500 fps 1,000 26 45 62 8 2
2,000 85 100 50 15 3
3,000 115 160 41 19 4
4,W0') 1.74 220 33 22 5
5,000 240 2M5 26 21 5
8,000 313 300 19 17 4
7,000 394 315 !3 12 4
Super Charge
MV 1-' fps 1,000 13 25 28 2 0
2,000 3 80 23 4 1
3,000 70 105 19 8 1
4,000 !l 16' 14 7 1
5,000 171 215 12 6 2
6,000 234 280 9 7 2
7,000 303 295 7 6 2
8,000 378 315 5 4 1
2. Wee±,er0ws. The follow ng data on effectiveness of HE Shell M48 with PD Fuze M54 were taktn
from olume M[ of "Tertinnal Ballstic Dta".
a- N'1MBZ. O1 ROUNDS REQVULED .MlW E1MMY ARTILLERY
FO 50% EFFECT POR 10,0 0 Q YD IN AREA M'JRE
HCWrrZER, 75-mr-, MIAl. M2 a nd M3.

Charge 4: MV 1250 fps
ydImact Time Tim. and Lmoact
L'o 68 ?00 50
40
FOR SHELL HE 75.MM. M4 BRLH 75-I8
12-13
b. NTIOB OF ROUNDS REQUIRED AGA T ENEMr Y AR1TILERY FOR

90% PROBAW 4Y OF AT LEAST ONE EFFECTIVE UT IN AIMED FRE
(1) Howitzer, 75-mm, MIA!, Y42 -mA W,.

1 CSz k 34V 1250 fps T of F:re
RangType
yd impact Time Tim a4 Impact
2,0024 340 43
0 460 1400 560
f
(2) Tar-k Gun, 75-ram, K,, M6 and M17.
S
ange
yd__
rcharre:
I
Impact
IV ips
f
- d-P
--
01rire
Tbne Time and Lmptt
2,O00 7 340 15
[5,000 j 12 790 180
15. FragmentUIon.
a. Sand pit test. The sand pit and panel tests of HE Shell M48 with DD Fuze M39 were reported
in Ba2.stz.c Research Laboratory Repoit No. 126, "Fragmentation of te ?5-rmm HE Shel T3 as dete.mined by
pane e
anI and pit frag-Lentatten eto.hhe
teto" -he we
we c!ghtlf
tn P, -"ze 39 is 2.35 lb and Its cumn"tur is slightly dif-
ferent from that of the PD ruze M48A2.
(t: Four r r jectlles were plazed 4n boxes and det.nated in me sand pL Tne fragmen s tere then
separated frf-r *.e sand with a I-and screen made of 0.03-inch wire with 4 Mnshes per inch. Firally, they
were V cped az.zrding to sizt by being sifted Lt--.r fv'.r screens with the fo i wIng average dimensions:
Screen Meshes Di- of Size of pentzg

No. per wire, Side, Ar ea,
ilmh nch .. ch I
I 2 .16 .84 .71
2 2 I4 .36 .13
3 3 .10 .2 .053
4 .08 .17 .o
(2; The average weirht of the sheU1 a.d fize, withj the 7NlZ, was 13.29 lb. Tnhe -cU/tiw table
shows the a _er2e.nunber and weight of Uhe fragmento mn each group:
41
~pjR ALUMtIC AtD &%G-M N DATA
Fragments caught by Noof %fttaWehto of empty Shell

[ follavrin screens:
o 4
e. rounds)
Frag-
Mexhts
No. of
rme
Fragmnents
lb______
and Fuze
~ S creen No. 1 8 0.8 1.043 15.4

Screen No. 2 272 34.9 8.449 63.6
Screen No. 3 285A 32.? 1.713 12. 9
Screen No. 4 - 142 18.2 0,384 2.?
b. Pal test.
(1) Four panels were madIe ef spruce boards with a cominal thickness of 1 inch. Pane. A was
smicrcularwith a ra'ius of 15 feet, and 9 feet high: it was pla'ced cn the Left M1de of the 'lrne -- f~re, a-nd
the shiell was detonated at the center of the are, abc--t midway between -.he top and 1-ottorn .- th. kiiel. -For
'
the same rounds. panel B was planed on the right side of the lisae of fire, with the same cen*er: it was
seiLclr ito-rdusof3 et n 9 feet ag- PPnlI a siiiclr a radus cf 7 eel-,
was placed opposte pane' ;, in such a rxitlor as to =-Liudt:fte

rairs of 120 feet, and was 12 feet high: 4.t1
(2) BU. Report 126 de-fines certain terms as follnws; A ?arforatqng famt s one thst trave~z
completely thru the panel. A R~eral is one LWa goes at A-Past :1:86 inch 1into th paus-, bLjt &,6es
ao, go all the way thru. A uwit solid aieIs 1/100 of the solid an~gle subtnded by a urn: cofsphr-,q surface
at nit radius. Polar angles are measured with reb-pe-ct to a horizontal cocrdiLa-e svsteu. w-.t its 3zrt;.n
pae.es. A is ASSU-Med
at the center of the panels, at an elevatIon midway between the top arrh bottom of #211e
that the center of gravity of the projectile coincides with the origin of coordiates, tmat t-he Exis -&'
the ;' e..
is~ horizontal, Wnd that the polar axis Ales a-long the extension af the she.. a=s In tine oe-nof tnzo no.Ie.
(3) 7he resalts of the zrrnei test are shown by n-e followig ramentatlon isrnsitv-7 rear &ngle
42
Air_-_
FOR SHELL HE 75.MM. W~e BRLH~ 75.1-48
_7 F. F-14 4T:L i
4 4 _ __ __ _ __ ___T_
S_ ~ W-i
aa~a J
-4
Th tl i 4
o4 w
a -~ j±-Do
> __ _ __ _ __ _
Z:aa.
kc _
S2i ~ l 7 f~4 4 4
ch'- :j±~ -i-- at-
-- 4r
- -.-.-.. 4..- *...Jos
4 43
W 5--8BAWLS7IC ANDV LNGMEER!?C DATA
_
i7hJ
t
-t
Ai
r'4r-' i-'
P-- - 4
t
I__
0
44.
r - -
ifIf
_ _-_
-.- 1-.
Aj1
!-IIi A. fl
1 Z
X & 0 --
'0A
-t-4
rr19& ~ A , - rA
II;a
-u c -' 7
CC -- t
-d rJ.---- -4-c-- 4t
Ile..
TV TI=---
AIM 7-146BALLISTC AND ENGINEERING DATA
13
N
44 fl AI
t*1
IfI
ox (a
> At 88
FOR SHEL . 75M BR4H7513
444
BALLL51X AND -MNG DATA
BRUi M 148
4-44r- i,
j-T-!-
----------- 0
-----------
HH11-I I
T:
J
-- IA-
t
-7
j >
j
0
40
Irs
X ---- IT 04
11774"
At
0
a 4 M+
---------- -- ---- i-,LL -- I I i- 4
, tit
4. W
ME m uwff sa ID
48
FOR SHW.. NE 75.ML M46 BRIMN 75.148
13
c. CanUles. All the following data on fragmentation of HE SheU M48 with PD and TSQ Fuzes were
taken from volume III of Terminal Ballistic Data7 and TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, .erformance o Anmu-
nttion". The inittial fragment velocity of this shell 'is
3,120 fps.
TABLE 38
CASUALTIES

Distance Ttal number, number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity
(t) fragments memts per sq ft (oz) (fpS)
r N B m v
23 I070 0.213 0.014 2080
30 920 0.0809 0,018 1820
40 750 0.0375 0.024 1570
80 640 0.0141 0.037 1270
80 510 0.0064 0.051 1080
1C0 450 0.0036 0.063 972
150 370 0.0013 0.090 813
200 320 0.0006 0.116 716
300 250 0.0002 0.173 587
400 200 0.0001 0.244 494
49
naui 754148 BIAJ251M~ AND £ 4EERUN4Q ATA
L1
[ ~ ~~4ELL DENSITY REQUIRED INAREA FIRE

EXpECTED CASuALTIESt 50% OF PERSONNEL
I''
SUPERQUIGK GROUND BURSTS -NO M~ELDING 4
1 TANK GUNS,75-MM, M3,M6 AND M17
WIDTH OF FRINGE AROUNDTARGET AREA
-TO BE INCLUDED INFIRE AREA: 37FT
I ~~ 1 ~
11111 ~ ~ I ~
I11 . .
R4 I I L
.t 0 4iT.
V. '-
pip W..
___ ____ial
1200i40
11 - fi ll5 I
FOR 5.HE[L HE, 75.M1 M43 WiliI 75.-4
'3
AIR Mt EQUIRED INARA REI

SHELL DENST
EXPECTED CASUALTIESt 50OF PERSOM*EL
.BURSTS AT OPTIMUM MEAN HEIGHT
HOWITZ RS, 75-MMMIAI, MEAND M3
T
{
TIIim
71
. 4
I:;I
4
+ 1-t-.+ -j.4*4* CMMAGE I

~WIDTH 0.9FRINGE '* Iw .
TBE INLUDED IN FIRE AIREA3L

Ptl MAN HE[Gff Of BURST + to".~ it
t~
125
I - HIELDI G MUM*LET -
14,K 1."~ 4 41-L H
- -1* - ,T '1
1) 100 3000 4000 000 0
11 il
~1LH 74.4~ ALW51C AND ENGINEERINC DATA
CASUALTiES
r TANK GUNS
INCLINATION Vt
HEIGHT OF BURST O FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS
IW
30
1 AT LEASTI HIT iNCLINATION 30*
PERVOSQFT HEIGHT OF BURS"' 0 FT
PE 4STIT REMAINING VELOCITY 800 FPS
FOP, SMLL H-F 75-MM. MBRU 75-146
13
CASUALTIES
TANK GUNS
O"
FIR
INCLINATION 30*
HEIGHT OF BURST 30PT
REMA*IING VELOCITY SOO FPS
LIKE OF .
AT U IT
AT LEAS'IRT LNATiIONH 300

MU' 1601
M,10 50FT HEGH'T OF SURST 60 FT
V0 ,' LEASTIMT" REMAINING VE-LOCITY 800 FPS
B
R A.O ENGDEMNG DATA
Z7$-48
15
TABLE W
MIPFORATION OF 1/8 IN. L..IIEM STEEL

Dstance Totalgm2.r number of effc t ive fragment
from ,burst of effeive effect.We frag- Weight Velocity
Mfl fralmea merits Me sq ft (OZ) (fps)
r N B m v
20 S34 0.106 0.049 2390
30 442 0.0391 0.065 2180

40 3w 0.01 0.082 2010
so 300 0.08 0.127 1790
80 242 0.M 0.18-5 !.M3
1-0 197 0.0018 0.253 1430
.30 132 0.GOO 1-.375 1270
160 w4 0.0003 0 .500 1160
190 57 0.0001 0.6.55 1080
M3S 0.0001 0.820 1.00 !
54-
FOR -qtLIT-5.M %M RL M1-
SHELL DENSITY REQUIRED) IN AREA FIRE. -~

tmq-UIED PEPOAm- F r- INCHi MILD STEEL' 4:iE
50% OF ELDOMNT 2 SO FT INAREA.
SUPERQUICK GROUND BUR~STS N W SHELDNG i+L
TANK GUNS
~:-~i--:~ WIDTH OF FRINGE AROUND TARGET AREAL4
+HiF+TOU INOLUDED IN FIRE AREAs 20 FT.
f I1
Md.,
7*tTTT T
% t SUERC MG
Ii f -1 Ii M 190 P
t-1i
44I
II
£SRIH 75.1-43 RALISTIC AMD E4CUMI*i? DATA
13
PERFORATIONS OF 103-IN.MILD STEEL

TAN2~K GUNS
INCUNATf ON '
NEIGHT OF F'JRST OFT
REMAINING VELOCIY 0 FPS
II O
AVLWIWT INCLINATMN 304
PR 4SQ FT H~EIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
x . rLfA3hTl
M REMAINING VELOCITY 800 FPS
PE0I0
FOP, SMa1U. HL. ?rbrM M4S Emit 73-t-0
18 N. MtiLD SEL
PERFORAliON OFV
TANK GUNS A
INCLINATION 3O0'
t47I(3HT OF BURST 30FTll
REMAI~NING VELDCIY S00 FnS
SAT LEAST! HIT

pER z5SQ F
4
RWH 75.-4 BALUMTI AND ENGINEERING DATA
13
%* SHELL DENSITY REQUIR0~ IN AREA FIRE. -j
EXPECTED PERFORATION OF 1/4-INCH MILD STEEL:

-- 50% OF ELEMENTS 2 SQOFT IN AREA. 1 -
- SUPERQUIGK GROUND BURSTS- NO SHIELDING. i1
b WIDTH OF FRINGE AROLURGET AREA

TO BE INCLUDED IN FIRE AREA, 13 FTL
-4-4
-a.-4
RAHC
CUPARGHARG
____ -I_
A00 20
I 58
FOR SHELL I-IL 75.MNL NUO BRLH 75-14
14
14 EN-ATO
I. G.TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNDS NECESSARY TO OWAN
POAILT OF ENOUG
90% HIS O AK
BRAH1 TWD OCEE ALK THG
P FUZE M78- -44+
:1: . .....
I iT- -4
0 5000 200
1450
4- -19
____~~ ;:
4____-
RALUM~C AND ENGINEMRNG DATA
BRLM 7-1.46
14
b OTAL NUMBER OF RtOUNDS NECESSARY TO)OBTAIN
i
45
90XPROBABLITY OF AT LL TONE PERFORATION IN

VTARGESOF.GRADE.A.CO.RE:TE (5000 PSI)
~K GUNS. OP4FUEM8
-f 800
600
AGT iEU
_RP
FOR SHELL HE 75-.Nt M48 NAB 75.t.48
141
I II 3I0A0
81 - --
IN 75.1.48 BAU4=TC AND ENGWNEGC DATA
IUER~HAMD LOGS
ADD PENETRATION INTO EARTH(IFANY) TOPE*7TION

INOWD (USW4G APPROPRIATE SCALE$)
I) I
FROM OLZ
RMIAL
.........B TLLIT.... r
- -
4
4i00 5000
82
(ILOWLL VRTCL.LO AGL -
ta
IFOR
SHELL HE. 75-M?4
[
75.4-
OF"~L
.14
LHRG 2__
___
_ _--
~ ~fl )4tti -- I t Tf
3000~~
40050
63T
Balmstic Research Laboratories Balltc Rese.rc Lab.
Handbook of Bal~ic and Abreen Prvm aad
Engineering Data for Ammimition, Mayland-
N1o. 75-1-61 9 March 1949
BALLISTIC AND ENGWIEERING DATA

for
Projectile, APC, 75-nim, MOWA
With
BD, M66AI
SectionFuze,
I General
BALLITIC --- EN ---
TIONIEEIGDT 1
11 Description ------ 2- 4
al interior ball-t data - i b5
NV E5terior baitic data ---- 6G-1
v Enictndata Dat. 8A.u.ton
GENERAL
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concie, :" 4 tor-
W
lffects and
marion regarding the shape., dymrics, ballistics of the ?5-m Armor-pier,
Aapped Projectle
M61A) with the Base Detonating Fuze M6e, a tracer composition.
BD contains1Ts Wormation Is
zclhected from the drawings, reports., firing tables, an:d technical manuals pertaining w thi ammnmidonm
BRF7316 BALLISTIC AND F-DT
04
FOR PROJECTILE. APr- 75-MM. M61AI -
2.4
Dimensions -
Physical characteristics - -............... -.
2. Draming.
Projectile: Metal parts assembly and detils U7-2-291
Details 73-2-179 ad 180
3. Dimensions,
-re: Length (outside) 0.43 cal
Band: DIstance from base 0.25 Cal
Width 0.,( 1
ody: Cylindrical ler4th 1.96 zal
Cgival length (outside) 0.15 cal
Cap: Length (outside) 0.41 cal
Padius of oival arc 7.11 mal
Windshield: 'Length 1.95 ca.
Radius of ogival - -".11 cl
Length: Ogive 2.52 cal

Projetile without fuze 4.48ca
Projectile and '>ize 4.90 cal

Base of projectile to center of gravity 1.426 cal 2 *
Axial moment of inertia 15.80 lb.,n 2 ,
Transverse moment of inertia 105.7 ib.ln
'Estimated from the values ior the 3-inch APC Projeztile M82.
~S
W .U 1-61 BALUSC AND ENCANMERM DATA
5.6
SECTION Mn
LrNERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Theoretical yaw in bore -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-..- . .-. .-. .-. .-. .- 5
5. TlhoreUc~ yaw In bore.
Minimum 11 min
Maximum 16 min
SECTION IV
EXT ZIOR BALLIqMC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data - ....-..... ....-..--.----------------- 6
Firixg table data - -------- -- -- - - - -- - - - - --- --- 7
a. Dr& A form fctor CC 0.985 relative to the G 6 drag function was determined by resistance
firings at velocites of 1643 a.xl 2007 fps. The correspocding ballistic coefficient is 1.735. At a velocity of
2030 fps, the drag coeffIcient is 0,146.
b. Stahlity. T7he moment coefficient, estimated from known data for the 3-inch AP Pr.ojectiLe 4
is i.346 at a mu.le velocity of 230 fps. The estimated stability factor is 2.66 for a twist of riflng of
1/M..588 (in Tank Guns W.A, M8 and M17) and 3.60 for a twtst of rifling of 1/22 (in Aircraft Guns M5A1 and
M10).
c. Yawing moment The pwing rceant coe~ficient is 4.2. This value was calculated
hoefficen.
b7 an empirical formula determined by the valizes given in Table XrV ! Billisti.c Research Laboratcry 'Report
No. 357, "Danipinr of Calibers .30 arnd . 0 Bullets and 37-mm liE Shell".
d Croim wind force coefficlent. The cross wind force co_fient is 0.256, This is the value
calculated for the 3-inch 15-lb HE Shell M1915, using the drift fcr a range of 9000 yards in FT 3-M-2 ad the
velocities taken from the compu ted Lrajectory for an elevation of 10° and a muzzle velo-lty d 2600 fps.
The 3-inch Shell M1915 ad the 75'mm Projectile M61A2 are approximately the same shape,
I
FOR PROJECTILE APC, 75.M. MYIAI 6RLH
75.1-61
6-7
/
e. Magma moment coefticlent. The Meg= moment coefficient, calculated by an empirical

formula that applies to a l-ge umiber of projectiles, Ls - 0.30.
7. Firing table daa. FT 75-AY-l.

Guns, 75-mm, M3 (mounted in Medium Tank M4 and modifications, Including the Assamlt rank
M4A2E2) M6 and M17 (mouated in Light Tank M24). 7IRLMt of rifling: 1/25.586. MV: 2D30 fps. OCM items
16119 and 161e7 recommended and approved sandardIzation. r.the AP Projectile M61. 0CM items 15640
and 16741 recommended and approved authorzation for its use in the 75-mm Tank Gus W, Vhich is now
obsolete. OCM item 17699 changed its designation from Armor-piercing to Armor-piercing Capped Projectile.
NOTE: OCM items 20756 and 2D91 recommended and approved authorization for the use of the APC
Projectile M01 i the 75-mm Aircraft Gun 114, which is rifled with a twist of 1/25.586 and Is mw obsolete,
and IF ?5AC-AX-2 gives firing table data for this materieL The .A-C Projectile M61A1 s now standard
ammunition for the 75-mm Aircraft Guns M5.A1 and MI0,which are rifled with a twWt of 1/22, but no firing
tables have beer prepared for this combInation of guns and ammunitonm
3. L H
I I
!IA U~ if~IO
"I -fitC'EN 1UR44 4-1±-~
[ I i f
3.6~ELVA 4__ i'~-LV~O~I$+
00 400 600 m il
II
FOR PRO)WJ'LE. APC 754A MIA!
NM ORL4 75.1-61
7
400 -ELEVATION -RANGE AND -
~ANGLE OrALL-RAGE CUR'WSt41

4
.--
I~
A I I
::~7 ER iAAGE AN ___.
20 0 0 L 4 - i- *
I It. . _
I.. + RANGE -YARDS . -
2500
20 20F 300 400500 T00 00

W-
lD,.U 7' ,-6t BALLISIC AND ,MIUMEJNG DATA
7
eEFLF-OTION EFFECTS OF DRIF T

AND)OMPH LATERAL WIND
____'-___| __ __ _- - --
• .. ... .. .. . .!
- .
-i... .. . ..
. .. . .I.. . ., I W ..:
. .D
(3__ -2,* _
iWIND
t-., t '- :-. ..
-- .'--. . " -- I. ---
., . .. .. . ... I2T.... -
NLEFSRA2GE::
YARDS
47 . ... ....
. . .
l oot,_ ' "2:c00 i-- 0 00
I 4040 4 4 4 4V -40. ''4,.. . .. 0.40 o . . .7
. ....
' "
T.. -
L _ ' i
. , -" ".". ," . . .. . . .
2w f .COMPLEMENTAIRY ANGLE OF $ITE --.... -

[:w
.4 i "-... '44 .. ~, .'
.,"-
• ""
"'"4.:' . . . " "*1 .. . " .4
.. . 4 44. 4'
0 1000 .7O---.----- . .,. .... ,6.00 '00:.
-4.
4_4, _ 1, , .: -- . . . . . . -: - . . . . :- . .
'+'+-+++' ,...; RANGE -YARDS . ..

o 0 0 2000 300 ,00C 5000) 600 0 7000
8
I
i
- -FOR PROJECnLL- APC. 75.Mbt M6IAt S3RLH 75.1-ot
7
~444~J g.RANGE EFFECTS OF

SI FPS INCREASE IN MUZZLE VELOCITY (2OFPS IS SANDARD)
1444
1F INCREASE INAIR TEMPERATURE 1590F IS STANDARD)
I MP RER
WND ( MP ISSTANARD AN
1% INRES INARDNIT tj S TNAD
E10Tli
+-~~-
.iq.~~~RA ' ~I~p~ WIND1

__M 1,14
-r7 r
S - 5A~
BRLH 75.1.61 BALIJSTIC AND EMJNF.RING DATA
SECTION V
EPFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration ........- .............---- --------------- - 8
8. Penetration.
Plate Ballistic Number

Type Thickness Obliquity Limit in
inches deg Type fps Average
Face 3 20 Navy 1658 41

Hardened 3 30 1807 3
3.5 20 1884 2
20 Army 1487
2
2 30 1699 1
3.125 20 1734 8
3.0625 20 1738 28
Homo- 2.5 20 Army 1744 1

geneous 3 1594 1
3 0 Navy 1797 6
3 20 1925 26
10
I
FOR PROJECTILE. APC 75-M I M6IAI BRL 75.1.1
a
b. Vulnerability of German tanks. The following data on vulnerability of German tanks (Panzer-
kampfwagen) to APC Projectile M61Al, fired from Tank Guns M3, M6 and M17 at a muzzle velocity of 2030
fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition".
MAXIMUM VULNERABLE RANGE - YARDS

°
'rank 0 M IV VI
Attack Angle 0 250 0 250 Q0 25
Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000

Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....
Up p e r Hull F r on t 1 400 - -- - 14 70 ---- . .. .. .
L o w e r H ul l F r o n t 7 20 - -- - 120 0 - - - - . .. .. .
Flank
Turret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----
Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----
Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....
Upper Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 1000 ----
Lower Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 20 1200
Turret Rear W00 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----

# . Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----
' Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 -
Upper Hull Rear 2110 1040 5000+ 4960 300
Lower Hull Rear 2500 1280 6000+ 4960 0_0 ----
4"
l-J - 11' 061-

FOR PROJECTIL£, APC 75.M M6IAI 86 75-1-61
8
b. Vulne rbiity of German tanks. The followbig data on vulnerability of German tanks (Pazer-
kampfwagen) to APC Projectile M61A1, fired from Tank Guns M3, M6 and M17 at a muzzle velocity of 2030
fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition".
MAXIMUM VULNERABLE RANGE - YARDS

'rank r IV
00
VI
5
Attack I Angle 00 25 00
Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000

Turret Front 2.50 1120 2500 1280 .... ....
Upper Hull Front 1400 ---- 1470 ----
Lower Hull Front 720 ---- 1200 ----
Flank
Turret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3760 1000 ----
Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----
Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ....
Upper Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 5000+ 4960 1000 ----
Lower Hull Sides 5000+ 4960 500+ 4960 2200 1200
Turret Rear 5000 4500 4700 3790 1000

Turret Sides 3860 4700 3860 4700 1000 ----
Turret Front 2250 1120 2500 1280 .... ...
Upper Hull Rear 2110 1040 5000+ 4960 300 ---
Lower Hull Rear 2500 1280 5000+ 4960 300 ----
r BRIM 75.1-61 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEM~NG DATA
_4~ H I Ezt
cPENETRATIVES
- ~NAVY CRITERION II 4±i
I FROM VOL.M1 OFT TERMINAL BALLISTIC CAW~
Li 1.
=7_=tA 1.. -4
t
d.
44 ANJ
1FNIEC _
f4 j
F T
_L4
000
FOR PROJETLE. APC~ 7 -MM. WAI MRJ 7S461
TFACE HARDENED ARMOR PLAE T 4-

NAVYERITERIO t,:
ALLfST
FROM VOL.1 OF "TALLISTLC 7jt
t i~ ; iT_
'ii~ ELOIi-
# ~
4i-
.L..
I.
0~ ~ ~0 ~~~~~A
20~0 20 I0 40 20
13T
_______ ________4-4+144_
~UJI 54.61BALUSTIC AND ENGINEEWiNG DATA
WTML NUMBER OF ROM NECESSARY TO OBTAIN

90% PROBABILITY OF AT LEAST ONE PERFORAIONr
IN TARGETS OF GRADE A CONCRETE (5000 PSI).
TANKU"S M3* M6 AND M17.
TH~~NESSFEIHT WDIH200
GRAPH -YARDS *1'F-

£~TONS 11111.T VAT 20000,,.I
A 0 15T3
-- -- a 545 7
K FOR PROJECTLE. APC 75.MM. M61AI sRLH 75.1-61
- LTOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNS NECESSARY T&AIN

* 90% PROBABILITY OF ENOUGH HI1M TO MAKE A
BREACH 12FT WIDE INA CONCRETE WALL 10 FT HIGH4.
TANK GUNS M5, M6 AM MI.
MIV 2030 FPS
IIfill-~
1L10
BRUi 75-1-~66
Ballistic Research Laboratories Baflistic Research

Aberdeen Lab.
Proving Ground,
Handbook of Ballistic and Ardend.
Engineering Data for Ammunition, March 1949
No. 75--669
DATA
BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING
for
Shell, HEAT, 75-nam, M06
With
Fuzes, BD, M62A1 and M91
Section Paragraph
I General - ----------- 1
1i Description ----.------ 2 - 4
II Interior ballistic data -- ---- 5 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data ---- 7 - 8

V Effect data ----------- 9
SECTUMt I
GENER.AI,
Paragraph
Purpose .......- ..............-......----------------- 1
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 75.mm High Explosive Antitank She'l
M66 wLth trie base Detonating Fuzes M62A1 and M91. This information is collected from the drawings,
reports, and firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.
IEI
~~~jjj~~~~~4 ;sjuB~ITI N NJEr IGDT

2w
4-f-I--
~1 KAi
FOR SHELL HEAT. 75.M M6 BPJ.H 75.1.66
2.3
SEC ON 11
DESCRPTION
Drawings .......- .............-.......---------------- 2

Dimensions ......- .............-.....----------------- 3
Physic-l characteristics .....- ........--...------ ---------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts, assembly and details 75-2-314
Ogive assembly, cone and details 75-2-315
Fuze, BD, M62Al: Assembly 73-2-168
Details 73-2-169, 170 and 171
Fuze, BD, M91: Assembly 73-2-239
Details 73-2-169, 170 and 240
3. Dimensions.
Fuze, Be, M91: Length (outside) 0.28 cal
Boattail: Angle 9-M0'

Lengt1h 0.48 cal
Band: Distance from boattal 0.27 c
Width 0.16 Cal
Body: Length of cylindrical part 2.11 Cal
Union: Length 0.17 cal
Ogive: Length 1.77 cal

Angle 22o201
Length: Body 3.10 cal

Ogive and union 1.94 cal
Shell 5.04 cal
Ogive, union, and oeival part of body 2.45 cal
Shell and Fuze M91 5.32 cal
Note: Fuze, BD, M62AI is entirely inside of shell body.

BRUi 7 -. 66 BALL STIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
4.6
4. Physical charactexsties.
Fuze BD M62A1 BD M9i

Weight (standard) 13.17 lb 13.37 lb
Base to center of gravity 1.656 cal 2
Axial moment of Inertia 16.75 2b.in,
Transverse moment of Inertia 157.3 Ib.in6
SECTION M
Paragraph
Stresses .......-...... .....-..------------------- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore .....--- ...-.--.----------------- - 6
5. Stresse3. Tne following table and the graphical representation on page 5 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential stress at each of. three sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat, (B) the frcnt
of the band seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.
Howitzer, 75-ram MIAI, M2, M3
Twist of rilmng 1/20
Cross-sectional area of bore 7.004 sq in.
Rated maximum pressure 26.000 psi )
Total weight of projectile 13.37 lb
Density of fifler (pentolite) 0.0574 lb cer cu In.
Resultant Stress- Section

i psi A B C
Longitudinal - 162 - 358 -210

Radial + 364 - 3 + 5
Tangential - 643 + 292 + 171
+ denotes tension. - denotes compression.
6. Theoretical yzw In bore.

Minimum 9 min
Maximum 13 min
_ _ _
4
FOR SHELL HEAT. 75-MM W BRI4 75.1-66
AS c
SECTIONS
A -643 a c
+364
-162 -M352 i/ i-rn

1
~AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS
tL

I1-9
BRLH 75.-I-6 BAUJSTIC ANO _Jt2,RWC DATA

+ 7-8
SECTIO V
ECTEXIOR BALUSTI DATA

ParagrSaph
Aerodynamic data . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7
Firing table data ............. .- 8
a. Drag. The form factor relative to ProjectiLe Type 2, determined by resistance ftrings, arid the
corresponding ballistic coefficient and drag coefficient are given below.
Velocity Form Ballistic Drag

fps Factor Coefficient Coeftcient
77. .75 2.01 .050

1000 .96 1..5- .070
b. Stability. The stability factor was determined from firings n a 75-mm Gun with a tw.s- 3f
rifnlng of 1/25.586 at a muzzle velocity of 1000 fps. The resulting stabtity factor is 1.22, and ' e r-ment
coefficient is 226. With a t-Ast of rifling - 1/20 (in tir.e
Howitzers MIA!, M2 and M3' at he same ,e.,tt-,
the stabilit7 factor would be 2.00.
8. Firin table data. FT 75-1-4.

Howitzers. 75-mm, MIAI, M2 and W. Twist of rfling: 1/20. Muzzle velocity: IC1C fps. Pr..ect:.e
weight: 13.10 lb. OCM items 17638 and 17752 recemmended and app rved dtatc
.- - . :tre .A .e...
M66.
-1he terminal velocity was taken from Ballistic Research Laboroaory Memorandum ~eIrt : . g.
•fables of Impact Velocitiks for Mobile Artillery Weapons".
:=
=
.r
-,
.-.
-
':-J=
~----
j,r--'
t'v-
-.
,--
,
-':--
.:
:
.:.i*"
FFOR SHELL HEAT, 75.hN,"~ BR6675.1-
BL1 1 0 IOFrMN -RNG COR
if - *- ~-
I _1
-44
ITI
,96 t
C, 1C
BRL'BALUSIIC AND ENINEERING(. DATA
A4-
b.ELEVATION- RANGE CURE7
TT1
44
14 ~
14
~
160-.
T-1ljjj'f
.~.
MV 101AI
00 FPRS4;n i
500 Q00
500 2000
-4;4
2500~0t
I
f8
7'
FOR SHELL HEAT. 75.MK M66 BRLH- 73 -1-66
4 OFRfAE
FLW RANGE
S- CURVE
I tI
- -9 -- --
IL
-41
13ALLIC AND EN4CINEEFINc DATA
SECION V
EFFECT DATA
PeneL-ation----- ---------------------
9. Penetration. The average penetration of homogeneous armor pl~ate by 75-mm HEAT Shell M6
is 3 inches.
HUtI 75A.309

No. 75-1-309 6 March 1949
BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA

for
Shell, HE, 75-mx, M309
with
Fuze, PD, M48A2 or M51A4
Section___._
I General --.------------ 1
I Description - --------- 2- 4
II Interior ballistic data ----.-- 5
TV Exterior ballistic data 6 -?
V Effect data -------------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Purpose -- ------- --- ---- --- --- ---- --- ---- - 1
natior regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 7-rm High Explosive Shell M309 with
the !-int Detonating Fuze M48A2 or M51A4. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, and
firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.
@I
RLH 75.1-309 BA~LLSTC AND ENCJNEE1RING DATA
2
£f0
CY
w -)
'IiI
_ I rto
_ _ to
FOR SHELL HE 75-MM M309 BRLH 75-1.309
2.4
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTIO
Paragraph
D raw ings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 2
Dimensions --.------- --- ---- ------------------------- 3
Physical characteristics .....- ........--...------ ---------- 4
2. Drawings.
Booster M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154
Fuze M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140
Details 73-2-143 etc.
Fuze M51A4: Assembly 73-2-145
Details 73-2-143 etc.
3. Dimensions.
Boattail: Angle 9o00
Length 0.325 cal
Band: Distance from boattail 0.43 cal
Width 0.115 cal
Cylindrical body, Length 127 cal

ogive: Length 1.19 cal
Fuze: Length (outside) 1.265 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.455 cal
4. Physical characteristlIcs. The HE Shell M309 is a modification of the HE Shell M48.

Mean weight: Zone 1 14.10 lb
Zone 2 (standard) 14.40 lb
Zone 3 14.70 lb
IALUSTIC AND ENGINERING DATA
.7
SECTION M
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw In bore - - -- ------------------ 5

Mnimum 5.4 min
Maximum 10.2 min
SECTION IV
Paragraph
Aerodynamic za- - ............-..... ----------
....-..------- 6
Firing table da a- ....-..........--...-...---------------- 7
6. Ar'ttodynimle data.
Drag function G
Form factor (from time of flight) 1.08
7. Firing table data. FT 75-BB-1.

Rile, 75-nim, M20 (Recoilless). Twist of rifling: 1/22. Projectile weight: 14.40 lb. Mu: .le
velocity: 990 fps. OCM items 2790 and 28547 recommenied and approved standardizaton of the 75-mm
Rifle M20 and the HE Shell M309 with the PD Fuze M5IA4. The fi.r'ng tables are alb. applicatle t. the HE
Shell M309 with the PD Fuze M48 and modifications of it.
4
FOR HEL HE 75-K h3D9BRUi 75. 1-309
.1TFTTT I "-,,r
g FO FATOR- ELEVATION CURVE (PROJ.TYPE ).

F:--44
-- 4.-4
1.05
BflH 754.-3W BALLIS'TlC AND LNCJNEEJNIC DATA
140
low
if
FOR SHELL. HE. 75-KK M309 BRL.H 75-009
d TERMINAL VELWTY - RANCE A

--- TIME OF FLIC4iT RANGE CURVES 4-
.4-
I I f
4-
-1 -4
OF FUGHT
50
-4-
looo + 40
+ -4
4
TERMINAL VELOCITY
900 4- 30
4
800
4- 20
>
4-
;Z74+ 4-
I T-1
700 cr--
w
-4
LL
R0ZE- RD X
600 - +
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
BRLH- 75.1.309 BALUTMl AND ENU.NERdNG DATA
k4!'T-RANGE CURVE 4
At--t~I
4- -4. 2i4 jV~j
Ioi-!-I4+H- -_ X I
I-?-
T77-7-
_______________
_44-........'.
GE'~URNGEYAR ____+
o2000 0050
600 700
8-
FOR SHELL HE. 75.M M A309 BRLM 75-1.309
ELEATON EMAL ANGOMLE OF STE 1
-4-
If T.
EL
----- ION ANGE OFClOMLEMETA9
BRLJi 75-1.309 BALUSTC AOD ENGINMEIUNG DATA
7w
44 ~
4+47- ~ 42
At I -----.- ~ i
I. * 1-,
'A ___--7~-
o_________
-RANG EFETO WIH FP 'O
4. "t
I YARDS:
400
FMi 5)WELI HE M5W W309 BRuM 7->.L"?
L)jRANGE EFFECT OF I FPS lNCREASE fN MUZZLE VELDGITY
S . . , 1.* ~ ,* - t-.-
-uj--- - 4 -
Jf i
IMG IN AIR I
i~~E PRTR
-4 4~11~ 1RAGE YARDS .

00 -lO
ow 3000 4000 5000 6s00 70o
J-t I
DRLH 75-1-309 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7N
n-)i v-P R1>~i -H+ +

)RANGE EFFECT OF IMPH REARWIND r t.fl
I t
5 -14i1i
RANGE -YARDS
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60
01 -rRAIGE EFFECT OF 1%INCREASE INAIR DENSITY
IitIt IIII tI1r
U) ~ ~ 1LLLJ4~LWtTL~
T-12
FOR SHELL. HE. 75.MtA M309 BRLH 75.1.309
a
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
-- Paragraph
Fragmentation -.-..-..-....-..-..-....- ..- .- 8
8. Fragmentation, Thie fragmentation of the Pr Shell M309 should be approximately the =ame as
that of the HE Shell M48*, of which it is a modification. For data on fragmentation of the M48 Shell, see
BRL2 75-1-48.
13
HR.I4 75-1-310
!
BallistIc Research Laboratories Ballistic Reseaecn Lab.

Englneerbig Data or Ammunition, Maryland.
No. 75-1-310 8 March 1949
BALL1 T1C AND EN4GINEERING DATA

for
Shell, HEAT, 75-am, M310

with
Fuze, BD, M62A1 or MI
Section
I General --- - ------------ 1
ii Description ------------ 2-4
m Interior ballistic data - - - 5
Exterior ballistic data - - 6 - 7
IV
V Effect data-- --------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
PragraE
Purpose - -I------------------------------1
i. Purpose. rhe purpose of this numoer of the handbook Is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, balhstics and effects of the 7b-mm High Explosive Antitank Shell
M310 with the Base Djetonating Fuze M62A1 or M91. This information is collected from the drawings, re-
ports, and firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.
.~
_I
BRLH 75-1-310 BA.LUSTIC AND ENGINFEIJNG DATA
2
~103 Iz
I w
wt
_1 C I 212
__ i
I
_
so4
FOR SHELL. HEAT. 73-MM M310 BRLH 75.1-310
2-3.
DESCPIPTION
rawings . 2
Dimensions -............................ 3
Physical characteristics -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . ..-. -
.-. 4
2, Drawings.

Ogive assembly, cone and details 75-2-315
Fuze, BD, M62AI: Assembly 73-2-188
Details 73-2-169 170 and 171
Fuze, BD, M91: Assembly 73-2-29
Details 73-2-169, 170 and 240
3. Dimensions.
Fuze, BD, M91: Length (outside) .19 cal
Boattail: Angle 9000

Length 0.33 cal
Band: Distance from boattail 0.43 cal

Distance from base 0.7e cal
Width 0.115 cal
Body: Length of cylindrical part 2.26 cal

Union: Length 0.17 cal
Ogive: Length !,'17 cal

Angle 290'
Length: Body 3.10 cal

Ogive and union 1.94 cal
Shell 5.04 cal
Ogive, union, and ogival part of body 2.45 cal
Shell and Fuze M91 5.23 cal
Note: Fze, BD, M62A1 is entirely inside of shell body.
BRLH 75..310 BALISTIC AND FNGINEERING DATA
4 .7
N
4. Physical characteristics. The HEAT Shell M310 is a modification of the HEAT Shell M66. Its
standard weight is 13.08 lb.
SECTION III
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore - - ---- --------------- 5

Minimum 5.4 min
Maximum 10.3 min
SECTION IV
EErph
Aerodynamic data ......- ............-.......---------------- 6
Firing table data ......- ............-......---------------- 7
6. Aerodynamic data. )
Drag function G2
Form factor (from time of flight) 1.23
7. Firing table data. FT 75-BB-i.

Rifle, 75-mm, M20 (Recoilless). Twist of rifling: 1/22. Projectile weight: 13.1 lb. Muzzle
velocity: 1000 fps. OCM items 27907 and 28547 recommended and approved standardization of the 75-mm
Rifle M20 and the HEAT Shell M310.
a. Form factor and ballistic coefficient (Proj Type 6). The following values apply at all elevations:
i6 0.84
C 6 = 1.781
44
FOR SHELL HEAT, 75-MMK M310 Bp1"-75-t-310
1 ELEVATION -RANGE AND

ANGLEOCF FALL- RANGEIIP*
IiV fjpi4
_0 ELVAlOl~
1-4 ANGAEGO-
200 c IE FFiGT'
:lj-v-1--~ F ~ SO20 ~ O30 5~
ii -45
BRL1-1 75-1-310 BALUISTIC AND ENCINEERNG DATA
7
T TId.DEFLEOTiON EFFECSO DiT

LT ' '' 4
AND 10MPH LATERAL WIND .L
j-4 4--1-
ITI
0- pL~±
4I
-4 NGEO' IE
IDs
t F4+
T-
z OR
;:I:&: ;_41TTt
lilt ao 5
i00f0 0030
8 I 1-
_jS
FOR S.HELL HEAT. 75-MM. 14310 BR~iH 75-1.310
£.RANGE EFFECTS OF
-I FPS INCREASE~ IN MUZZLE VELOCITY (1000FPS IS STANDARD),*jj]
16F INCREASE IN AIR TEMPERATURE (59OF IS STANDARD),
I1MPH REAR WIND (0 MPH IS STANDARD),-
+ 1%INCREASE IN AIR DENSITY (100%) IS STANDARD)
tt
Ir +H4
T7
BRL1 75.1-310 BALUSTIC AND ENC4NEERING DATA
)
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paxagraph
Penetration ......- ............- ...------------------ 8
S. Penetration. The a- rage penetration of homogeneous armor plate by 75-mm HEAT Shell M310
is 3 Inches.
-1

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~AL LiS7 N NINEEING DATA

ABERDEEN~~~ PRVN RUD O

For a niuber of years,. the Ballistic Research Laboratories

"be first rnmibers written by Mir. H. F. lHitdbh e deal 'with

T1he number of an item in the handbook consists of three

VOLUME I - 20-1-95 TO 75-1-310 ThCL.

BRLH No. Paragraph Nos.

Shot, AP, 20-mm, M95 ................... 20-1 -S5 ........ !- 8

Ballisti(c Research Laboratories Ballistic Research jl~ab.

ALL DMENSIONS IN CALIBERS

SHOT, AP,20-MM, M95

- 1.+x 2 ;~4 11,

& 2T, 4?, 20-M 2 TSE4

3. Dimeaslons. All dlmensicns beiow are in calibers.

A" Shot: 1495 T9E4

kP Shct M95 TgE4

Theoretical yaw in bore------------ - -

5. Theoretca1 yaw in bor. For the- AP Shot M95:

-3. Aerodynamic da.

MIU5YShot With tr W/o tr

Velocity (fps) 3000 3000

AP Shot M95 Wo tr T9E4 with tr

Velocity (fps" 2700 17501

LiDRAG COEFFICIENT VS MACH NUMBER 4- "+-

D' 0.1564 + 0.0670 SIN 0S -- i-I

aENETRAl fON VE0-YCRE

J ~~~ 40 120 ~ o i60

PENTRTIN ELXI YCURVES 2L

goo080 10 1600 2000 2400 2800

-Frne-erL-;Data for Amnto.Maryvland.

I Gt-ora; --- ---

... gtiai~~~ y -earm

5. Theoretical yaw in bore.

Velocity 2800 fps

Moment coefficient KM 1.09

BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA

Purpose -- - ------ --- ---------- - - - - - - - --

BRLH MOI-97 BALliSTIC AND ENCJNEEFJUNC DATA

Band: Distance from base 0.48 cal

Length: Shell 3.06 cal

Weight 2000 grains

AXES OF RESULTANT STRESS

DIAGRAM OF RESULTANT STRESSES

Gun, Automatic, 20-mm M2

Lwngitldinal -222 -720 -378

6. Theoratical yaw in bore.

Velocity u 2800 fps

Yawing Moment coefficient 1.56

$. Mug U data. Automatic GuA 30 (67.52-inch Tube). FT 20AC-1-1, FT 20AC-K-1 with

c. Stability factor (normal) ,- 2.85

d. Da ping coefficients. c' - 0.001,548,8 ft "

i . Yaw-drag coefficient. K,6- 16.4 rad 2

b. Ballistic coefficient (drag function of AP Shot T9E4) C - 0.510

c. Stability factor (normal) s K 2.85

60 9 0.0002 0.063 q72

Ballistic Research Laboratories Bailistic Research Lab.

BALLITIC AND ENGTNEERING DATA

Phan------c s-c-------- - --- - --- ------ - ----

Baa- C~'P-tt srd 3*--Ac:&-