1

1. Identify and describe the classification of roads in the Philippines.

a. National Primary

The national primary roads are roads which form parts of the main trunkline system and

directly connect three or more major cities and metropolitan areas with a population of at least

100,000. They are further classified into the north–south backbone, east–west lateral, and other

roads of strategic importance.

aa. Directly connects Major Cities (at least around 100,000 people)

Cities within Metropolitan Areas are not covered by the criteria

b. National Secondary

The national secondary roads are roads that complement the primary roads and provide

access to other major population centers. They directly link smaller cities and provincial capitals,

airports, seaports, and tourist centers to the primary roads.

 2

ba. Directly connects Cities to National Primary Roads, except in Metropolitan Area

bb. Directly connects Major Ports and Ferry Terminals to National Primary Road

bc. Directly connects Major Airports to National Primary Road

bd. Directly connects Tourist Service Centers to National Primary Roads or other-

be. Directly connects Cities (not included in the category of Major Cities)

bf. Directly connects Provincial Capitals within the same Region

bg. Directly connects to Major National Government Infrastructure to National Primary

bh. Roads or Other National Secondary Roads

c. National Tertiary

This road is maintained by the DPWH which is local in importance. No route numbers.

The classification was introduced in 2014 after an abandoned plan to relinquish maintenance and

funding of national secondary roads of local importance to local governments.

 3

ca. Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function

d. Provincial Roads (Local Roads)

Provincial Roads are those roads connecting one municipality to another, normally,

terminating at public plazas; all roads extending from a municipality or from a provincial or

national road to a public wharf or railway station; and any other road to be designated as such by

the Sangguniang Panlalawigan.

da. Connect Cities and Municipalities without traversing National Roads

db. Connect National Roads to Barangays through rural areas

 4

dc. Connect to Major Provincial Government Infrastructure

e. Municipal and City Roads (Local Roads)

Municipal road or municipal way is or was a category of roads which are owned and/or

maintained by municipalities.

ea. Roads within the Poblacion

eb. Roads that connect to Provincial and National Roads

ec. Roads that provide Inter-Barangay connections to Major Municipal and

ed. City Infrastructure without traversing Provincial Roads

f. Barangay Roads (Local Roads)

Barangay Roads are rural roads located either outside of the urban area of a city or

outside industrial, commercial or residential subdivisions which act as feeder or farm-to-market

roads, and which are not otherwise classified as national, provincial, city or municipal roads.

Other Public Roads (officially turned over) within the Barangay and not

covered in the above definitions.

 5

g. Expressways

Expressways or arterial high standards highways are limited-access thoroughfares that

come with interchanges and have no traffic lights as well as intersections for faster travel.

Managed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), these roads usually

include facilities that collect toll fees for passage in an open or closed system.

Highways with limited access, normally with interchanges; may include

facilities for levying tolls for passage in an open or closed system.

h. Bypasses

Bypasses are roads or highways that avoid a built-up area, town or city proper to let

through traffic flow without interference from local traffic, reduce congestion and improve road

safety where a toll for passage is levied in an open or closed system.

 6

2. What is a highway plan and specifications?

Highway plans and specifications are a set of documents of instructions and conditions

under which highways and bridges are built. The plan contains engineering drawings of the

project, whereas, the specifications is a written instructions and conditions considered as integral

part of the contract between the contractor and highway agency classified as legal documents

Example Image of road planning and reconnaissance

 7

3. Identify the following acronyms:

a. AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

b. DOTC - Department of Transportation and Communications

c. LRT - Light - Rail Transit

d. PNR - Philippine National Railways

e. MRTC - Metro Rail Transit Corporation

f. AADT - Annual Average Daily Traffic

4. Define the following:

a. Highway - a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities.

b. Expressway - a highway designed for fast traffic, with controlled entrance and exit, a

dividing strip between the traffic in opposite directions, and typically two or more lanes in each

direction.
 8

c. Collector Street - it means a street, existing or proposed, of considerable continuity

which serves or is intended to serve as the principal traffic way between large and separated

areas or districts and which is the main means of access to the major street system.

d. Local Road - a way used primarily for access to adjacent property

e. Road Shoulder - it is a strip of land immediately adjacent to the traffic lane of a road

not bordered by kerb & channel. The shoulder may be sealed in the case of highways and major
 9

roads, but it is typically unsealed and of a lesser depth and perhaps constructed of inferior

material than the adjacent traffic lane.

 10

References

“Collector Street Definition: 163 Samples.” Law Insider,

www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/collector-street. Accessed 4 Aug. 2022.

“Highway Plans and Specifications | PDF | Specification (Technical Standard) | Road.” Scribd,

www.scribd.com/document/396393070/Highway-Plans-and-Specifications. Accessed 4

Aug. 2022.

Jan 07, Autodeal on, and 2021. “LIST: Major Expressways and Highways in the Philippines.”

AutoDeal, 7 Jan. 2021,

www.autodeal.com.ph/articles/car-features/list-major-expressways-and-highways-in-phili

ppines#what-expressway. Accessed 4 Aug. 2022.

“Philippine Highway Network.” Wikipedia, 2 Aug. 2022,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_highway_network. Accessed 4 Aug. 2022.

“Philippines/Mapping Conventions/Roads/Classification - OpenStreetMap Wiki.”

Wiki.openstreetmap.org,

wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Philippines/Mapping_conventions/Roads/Classification.

Accessed 4 Aug. 2022.

“Road Classification | Philippine Statistics Authority.” Psa.gov.ph,

psa.gov.ph/content/road-classification.

“Road Shoulder - LGAM Knowledge Base.” Lgam.wikidot.com,

lgam.wikidot.com/road-shoulder. Accessed 4 Aug. 2022.