LIMIT, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

Single Type
1 1
(1 + x)  (1  x)
3 3
1. The value of lim
x 0
is:
x
(A) 2/3 (B) 1/3
(C) 1 (D) 5/3

2. The values of A and B so that function f (x) defined by

 
x  A 2 sin x, 0x
4

  
f (x) = 2x cot x  B,
4
x
2

 
A cos 2x  B sin x, x
 2

become continuous, respectively are

(A) 12 , 6 (B) 6 , 
12

(C) p
, 6 (D) 6 , p
12 12

x n  nx n 1  1
3. The value of lim , n I is:
x  e[ x ]
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) n (D) n(n –1)

sin 1 x  tan1 x
4. lim
x 0 x3
is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) –1 (D) 1/2

1
 x
 x 2  5x  3 
5. If f (x) =   , then lim f ( x ) is
 x2  x  2  x 
 

(A) e4 (B) e3
(C) e2 (D) 24

x sin{x }
6. lim
x 1 x 1
, where {x} denotes the fractional part of x, is
equal to
(A)1 (B) 0
(C)1 (D) does not exist

n k sin 2 n !
7. If lim
n  n1
0 for
(A)all k (B) 0  k < 1
(C)k = 1 (D) for k > 1

n k sin 2 n !
8. If lim
n  n1
0 for
(A)all k (B) 0  k < 1
(C)k = 1 (D) for k > 1


 (cos x ) 1/ sin x for x  0
9. If f (x )  
 for x  0
k

The value of k, so that f is continuous at x = 0 is

(A)0 (B) 1
(C)1/2 (D) none of these

2
10. If f(x) = [ 2 sin x ] , where [x] denotes the greatest integer
function, then
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0
(B) maximum value of f(x) is 1 in interval [2, 2]
(C) f(x) is discontinuous at x  n2  4 , n  I
(D) f(x) is differentiable at x = n, n  I

11. The value of f(0), so that the function

(27  2 x ) 1 / 3  3
f(x) = ( x  0) is continuous is
9  3 (243  5 x ) 1 / 5

(A)2/3 (B) 6
(C)2 (D) 4

 p 1
 x sin , x 0
12. Let f (x )   x
 0 , x 0

Then f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0 if

(A)p < 0 (B) p = 0
(C)0 < p  1 (D) p  1

e  (1  x ) 1/ x
13. lim
x 0 tan x
=
(A)e (B) e/2
(C)e2 (D) none of these

3
  1  1  1  
14. lim  tan   tan  2 tan 2  ......  n tan n  
n   2 2 2 2 2 2 

(A) 1 (B) 1

2 cot2
(C)2cot 2 (D) none of these

2h( x )  | h( x ) |
15. If g(x) = ,
2h( x )  | h( x ) |

where h(x) = sinx  sinnx, n  R+, the set of positive real

numbers,
    
[g ( x )], x   0, 2    2 ,  
and f(x) =     ,
 3, 
 x
2

where, [x] denotes the greatest integer function, then

(A) f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x =  ,
2
when 0 < n < 1
(B) f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x =  , when n > 1
2

(C) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x =  ,

2
when 0 < n < 1
(D) f(x) is continuous but not differentiable at x = /2,
when n > 1

16. If f (x) = x + 2 (1  x  2) and g(x) = x (2  x  3). Then

f(g(x)) is
(A)f(g(x)) = x + 2, (1  x  2)
(B) f(g(x)) = 4, x=2

4
(C) f(g(x)) = x + 2, (2  x  3)
(D) f(g(x)) = 2, x=2

17. Lime n!e n! is

n

(A)0 (B) 1
(C)1/2 (D) does not exist

 1 1 
18. lim 2   is

x 0 x sin 2 x 

(A) 1 (B) 1/3

(C)1/3 (D) does not exist

 x3 x2 
19. lim 2  
x  3 x  4
 3x  2 

(A) does not exist (B) 1/3

(C) 0 (D) 2/9

20. If f (x) = x
, x  0, f(0) = 0 then
1  e1 / x

(A) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and f (x) = 1

(B) f (x) is discontinuous at x = 0
(C) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 and f (x) does not exist
(D) f (x) is continuous at x = 0 and f (x) = 0

Integer Type

5
 ax  xa
21. If lim = – 1 then find the value of a.
x a x x  aa

cos(sin x)  cos n(1  x)

22. lim
x 0 x2

n(1  x  x 2 )  n(1  x  x 2 )
23. lim
x 0 sec x  cos x

 
 1  x sin x  cos x 
24. The value of Lt 
x o x  is
 tan 2 
 2 

lim8e 1  sin x 
cot x
25. The value of x 1
must be

26. Let f(x) = [x]+ 1  x ,-1  x  3 and [x] is the largest integer not
exceeding x. The number of points in [-1, 3] where f is not
continuous is

27. Let f :R R be a differential function satisfying

 x  y  2  f  x   f  y
f  for all real x and y and f '  2  = 2. If
 3  3

g  x   f | x |   3 for all xR , then for g(x) total non-

differentiable point are

1  x , x  1
28. Let f  x    g  x   f  x  1  f  x  1 . Then the number of
 0 , x  1 and

points where g is not differentiable is

6
 x[ x], 0  x  2
29. Let f (x) = ( x  1)[ x], 2  x  3 . If m is the number of points in

[0,3]where f is discontinuous and n is the number of points
in [0,3]where f is not differentiable, then the value of m + n
is

30. Let f(x) = x tan-1(x2) + x4. Let fk(x) denotes kth derivative of
f(x) w.r.t. x, kN. If f 2m(0)  0 mN then m equals

7
 SOLUTIONS
Single Type
1. (A)
1 1
(1  x)  (1  x) (1  x)2 / 3  (1  x)2 / 3  (1  x)1/ 3 (1  x)1/ 3
3 3
lim
x 0 x (1  x)2 / 3  (1  x)2 / 3  (1  x)1/ 3 (1  x)1/ 3
(1  x)  (1  x) 1
= lim .
x 0 (1  x) 2/3
 (1  x)  (1 x) (1 x)
2/3 1/ 3 1/ 3
x
2 2 2
= lim  
x 0 (1  x) 2/3
 (1  x) 2/3
 (1  x) (1  x)
1/ 3 1/ 3
1 1 1 3

Hence, (A) is the correct answer.

2. (B)
x  A 2 sin x 0  x  / 4

f (x) = 2x cot x  B / 4  x  /2
A cos 2x  B sin x /2  x  


L.H. limit at x < 4

2

= lim
x / 4
x+A 2 sin x= 4
+A 2 sin 4 = 
4
+A 1
=A+
2

4

R.H. limit = lim

x / 4
2 x cot x + B = 2
4
. cot 4 + B = 2 + B
A + 4 = B + 
2
AB= 
4
…
(1)

L.H. limit at x < 2

= lim
x / 2
 (2x cot x + B) = 2 2 cot 2 + B = B
RH limit = x lim
x / 2
+ A cos 2x  B sin x = A cos   B sin 2

8
 =AB
 A  B = B  a =  2B
… (2)
 3B = 4  B = 12 , A = + 6 = 
6

Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

3. (B)
lim [ x ] = lim
x  x
x  x  x

= lim
x  . lim x = 
lim x  as lim
x  1
x  x x  x   x   x 
n1
x  nx 1
n
lim
x  e[x]
x n  nx n1  1
= lim
x  ex
xn  nx n 1  1
= lim
x  x2 xn x n 1
1 x   ....    ....
2! n! n  1!
n 1
1 
= x xn
lim
x  1 1 1 1 x x2
   ....     ....
x n
x n1
2x n 2 n! n  1! n  2!
1 0  0 1
= 1


0 .
0  0  .....  0   
n!

Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

9
4. (D)
sin1 x  tan 1 x 0 
lim  0 form 
x 0 x3  
1 1

1  x2
lim 1  x 2 ( L’ Hospital rule )
2
= x 0 3x

= lim 
 
 1  x2  1  x2


1  x2  1  x2 


x 0 
 3 x 2
1 
 x 2
1  x 
2
1  x 2

 1  x 2 

= lim



2
1  x2  1  x2    

x 0 
 3x 1  x
2
2
 
1  x2  1  x2 1  x2  


 
=  3  x 
2
 1 3 1
.
lim    
x 0

 

 3 1  x
2

2
 4 

1 x  1 x   3  2  2
2


Hence, (D) is the correct answer.

5. (A)
x
 x 2  5x  3 
f (x) = lim  2 
x  x  x  2 
 
 x 2  5x  3 
log f (x) = lim x  log  2 

x 
 x x2 
 x2  x  2 4x  1 
= lim x  log 2  2 

x 
 x  x  2 x  x  2 
 4x  1 
= lim x  log1  2 
x   x  x  2
 4x  1 ( 4 x  1)2 
= lim x 2   ......... 
 x  x  2 2( x  x  2)
x  2 2

 4x  1  ( 4x  1) 
= lim x 2 1   ......... 
 x  x  2  2( x  x  2)
x  2

  1 
 x2  4   
= lim

x   
 x 
1 2
= 4  f (x) = e4
 x 2 1    
  x x

10
 Hence, (A) is the correct answer.

6. (D)
lim { x }  lim ( x  [ x ])  1  0  1
x 10 x 10

lim { x }  lim ( x  [ x ])  1  1  0
x 10 x 10

 lim
x 10
x sin{ x }
x 1
 lim
x
x 10 x  1
sin { x } =   . sin (1) =  
x sin{ x } x sin{ x } { x } x sin{ x } x  1
lim
x 10 x 1
 lim
x 1 0 {x}
.
x 1
= lim
x 1 0 {x} x 1
 1 1 1  1

Since, L.H. limit  R.H. limit

 limit does not exist.
Hence, (D) is the correct answer.

7. (B)
n k sin 2 n ! nk
lim  lim . (sin 2 n ! )
n  n 1 n  n  1

lim sin 2 n !
n 
does not exist but if
nk n k sin 2 n !
lim
n  n 1
0 , then lim
n  n 1
0

But lim
n 
nk
n 1
0 0k<1
Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

8. (B)
n k sin 2 n ! nk
lim  lim . (sin 2 n ! )
n  n 1 n  n  1

lim sin 2 n !
n 
does not exist but if
nk n k sin 2 n !
lim
n  n 1
0 , then lim
n  n 1
0

11
 But, lim
n 
nk
n 1
0 0k<1
Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

9. (B)
Given, f(0) = k
lim f ( x )  lim (cos x )1/ sin x
x 0 x 0
[1 form]
1 x
(cos x 1)  tan
= lim e sin x
x 0
= lim (e)( 2 sin
x 0
2
x / 2 ) (( 2 sin x / 2) cos x / 2 )
= lim e
x 0
2  e0  1

For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, k = 1.

Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

10. (B)
f ( x )  [ 2 sin x ]

 f ( x )  2, 2  x   4

 1,  x0
4

 0, 0  x 
4
 
 1, x
4 2
 3
 1, x
2 4
3
0,
4
x , clearly f(x) is discontinuous at
  3
x
4
,0, ,
4 4
etc.
General value corresponding to
  3
x , ,
4 4 4
is n2  4

maximum value of f(x) in [2, 2] is 1 at x
2
.

12
 f(x) is discontinuous and non-differentiable at x = 0 therefore
choice (d) is not correct.
Hence, (B) is the correct answer.

11. (C)
( 27  2 x )1 / 3  ( 27 )1 / 3
lim f ( x )  lim
x 0 x 0 3[3  (243  5 x )1 / 5 ]
(27  2 x )1/ 3  (27)1/ 3
( 2 x )
(27  2 x )  27
= x 0
lim
 (243  5 x )1/ 5  (243)1/ 5 
 3 .5 x 
 243  5 x  243 
1
(27) 2 / 3
2 3 2 5 1
= 15 1

15
. . .81  2
3 9
4 / 5
(243)
5

Hence, (c) is the correct answer.

12. (C)
f(0) = 0
For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0
1
lim f ( x )  0  lim x p sin 0
x 0 x 0 x

This is possible only when p > 0 …(i)

1
h p sin 0
f (0) = lim
h 0
f ( h )  f (0 )
h
lim
h 0 h
h

1
= lim h p 1 sin
h 0 h

f (0) = will exist only when p > 1

 f(x) will not be differentiable if p  1 …(ii)

13
 From (i) and (ii), for f(x) to be not differentiable but
continuous at x = 0, possible values of p are given by 0 < p
 1.
Hence, (C) is the correct answer.

13. (B)
e  (1  x )1/ x
lim
x 0 x
(tan x ) .
x
 x 11 2 
e  e 1   x  .......
 2 24 
 lim
x 0 x
[using expansion]
ex  11 
1  x  ......
2  12  e
 lim 
x 0 x 2

Hence, (B) is correct answer

14. (B)
tan = cot  2 cot 2
 21 tan 2  21 cot 2  cot 
1  1  1 
n
tan n  n cot n  n 1 cot n 1
2 2 2 2 2 2

S n 
1
2 n
cot

2n
 2 cot 2

 Required limit = lim S n

n 

 
 
 1 
= lim
n   2 n tan  / 2 n
 2 cot 2 
  
 . n 
 /2 n
2 
1
= 
 2 cot 2

Hence, (B) is correct answer.

14
15. (B)
2(sin x  sin n x )  | sin x  sin n x |
g(x) =
2(sin x  sin n x )  | sin x  sin n x |
1
for 0 < n < 1, sinx < sinnx, g(x) = & for n > 1, sinx >
3
sinnx, g(x) = 3
 for n > 1, f(x) = 3, x  (0, )
 f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = /2
& for 0 < n < 1
 1     
 3   0, x   0, 2    2 ,  
f(x) =      
 3, 
 x
2

 f(x) is not continuous at x =  .

2

Hence, f(x) is also not differentiable at x = /2.

16. (B)
Equation of the required circle may be given as
x2 y2 + 2(cxy  2x + 1 + (y2  4(c + 1)x)
since coefficient of xy = 0
c=0
coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2
 1 = 1 +    = 2
By putting the values of  and c we get the equation of the
required circle as
x2 + y2 10x + 1 = 0  center of the circle is (5, 0).

15
17. (A)
P y2 = 4x
M

Let the coordinate of P is (at2, 2at)

Coordinate of M will be (a, 2at), the coordinate of
S(focus) will be (a, 0)
Since the triangle PMS is equilateral triangle
 PM = MS = PS
 at2 + a =  a  a   2at  0 2 2

 t =  3
 (at2, 2at)  (3, 23) or (3, 23)

18. (A)
Centre of C3 will lie on the radical axis of C1 and C2 which
is 10x + 6y + 26 = 0.
Let center of C3 is (h, k).
Equation of chord of contact through (h, k) to the C1 may be
given as hx + ky = 25 (I)
Let the mid point of the chord is (x1, y1) the equation of the
chord with the help of mid point may be given as xx1 + yy1
= x12 + y12 (II)
Since, (I) and (II) represents same straight lines
 h
= x1
, k
= y1
25 x  y12
2
1 25 x  y12
2
1

16
 Since, (h, k) lie on the radical axis 10x + 6y + 26 = 0
 10  25x1 

2 
+ 6  25y1 

2 
+ 26 = 0  the locus of (x1, y1) is
 x1  y1   x1  y1 
2 2

13
5x + 3y + (x2 + y2) = 0
25

19. (A)
In the given equation of parabola the focus is (1, 1) and
equation of directrix is
x+y+2=0
 axis of parabola is y = x.
Vertex of the parabola C is (0, 0). Let a is the distance
between vertex and focus = 2 the distance of the point on
the axis from which three normals may be drawn will be
minimum 2a from the vertex which is equal to 22
coordinate the point nearest to the vertex from which three
normals may be drawn can be given as (2, 2).
 h  2.

20. (B)
Equation of the circle with center (3, 3) may be given as
x2 + y2 + 23(x + y) + c = 0
Let (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) … (x4, y4) are the rational points
satisfying the equation of circles
 The following relations holds good x12 + y12 + 23(x1 +
y1) + c = 0

17
x22 + y22 + 23(x2 + y2) + c = 0
x32 + y32 + 23(x3 + y3) + c = 0
x42 + y42 + 23(x4 + y4) + c = 0
x52 + y52 + 23(x5 + y5) + c = 0
___________________________
xn2 + yn2 + 23(xn + yn) + c = 0
All the above relations may holds only if
x1 + y1 = 0, x2 + y2 = 0…..xn + yn = 0
 If any rational point (xr, yr) lie on the circle it should also
satisfy the straight line x + y = 0. Since there may be at the
most two points of intersection between a circle and a
straight line.
 There are at the most two rational points lying in the circle.

Integer Type
21. (1)
Since, the given limit is in the form of 0/0, we will use
L’ Hospital’s Rule
ax  xa a x loga  ax a1
lim = lim  1
x  a x x  aa x a x x  x x log x
e

aa log a  a aa 1 log a  1
  1
aa  aa log a log a  1

It is satisfied only when a = 1.

18
22. (0)
cos(sin x)  cos n(1  x)
lim
x 0 x2
sin  sin     sin x  n(1  x) sin x  n(1  x) 
 lim  2 . .  where   ;   =0
x 0   x x  2 2 

23. (1)
n(1  x  x 2 )  n(1  x  x 2 )
lim
x 0 sec x  cos x
n(1  )  x 2
 lim . 2 . 2 .cos x where   x4  x2 =1
x 0  x sin x

24. (3)
   
1  x sin x  cos x  2x  x  3 x
lim  lim cos    cos 3
x 0 2 tan 2 x / 2 x 0
 2  sin x  2
  2 

25. (8)
lim 1  sin x 
cot x

x 1

lim1sin x 1 cot x limcos x

 ex1  ex1  ecos   e1
 lim8e 1  sin x 
cot x
 8e.e 1  8
x 1

26. (4)
f  x    x  1  x , 1  x  3

 x if 1  x  0

 1 x if 0  x 1  x if 1 x  2

 x 1 if 2 x35 if x3

Clearly f is not continuous at x = 0, 1, 2 and 3

19
27. (3)
f x  h  f x
 f '  x   lim
h 0 h
 x  3h   3x  0  2  f  3x   f  3h  2  f  3x   f  0 
f f   
 lim 
3   3  3 3
 lim
h 0 h h 0 h
f  3h   f  0 
 lim  f '  0
h 0 3h  0

 f '  2   f '  0  2  f '  2  2  f ' x   2  f(x) = 2x + c

 x  y  2  f  x   f  y
Put x = y = 0 in f   f  0  2
 3  3

Now, from equation (i), f(0) = 0 + c = 2

 c=2
From equation (i), f(x) = 2x + 2
So, function g(x) = |2|x| - 1|, hence the points of non-
differentiability of g(x) are
x = ± 1 ,0
2

28. (5)
1 1 1
 
x y 2007
  x  y  2007  xy  xy  2007x  2007y  0

 x  2007  y  2007   20072  34  2232

The number of pairs is equal to the number of divisors of
2007 that is  4  1   2  1  15
2

Since, x  y, so required number of pairs = 7

20
29. (5)
 0 if 0  x 1
 x 1 x  2
 if
f  x  
2  x  1 if 2 x3
 6 if x3

f is discontinuous at x = 1 and x = 3 only

Also, f '  0  0 and f is not derivable at x = 2
So m = 2 and n = 3.

30. (2)
Let g(x) = x tan-1 (x2). It is an odd function. So, g2m (0) = 0.
Let h(x) = x4 .
So, f(x) = g(x) + h(x)  f2m (0) = g2m(0) + h2m(0) = h2m (0)
 0.
It happens when 2m = 4  m = 2.

21