BROKENDHARMASI

NINTERNATI
ONALLAW
-
M.Aswi
nRomePonSar
avanan
Di
rect
or, I
nter
nat
ional Counci
l of Legal
Enf
orcement
I
ntr
oduct
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Dharmai sani mpor t
antphi losophi calconceptwhi chdef i
nest hemor alorder
oft heuni v erseandt hecodeofl i
vingt hatembodi est hef undament alpri
ncipl
esof
l
aw,r eli
gion and dut yt hatgov ernst her eal
it
y.In si mplewor ds,dharma i san
i
ndi vidual’
sdut yfulf
il
ledbyobser v
anceofcust om orl aw.Dhar macanbet ermedas
1 2
‘
Ar am’i nTami land‘ Et hics’i nGr eek.Thebestmor alt eachingbookoft hewor l
d
‘
Thi rukkural ’defi
nest het erm‘ Aram’orDhar maast hest ateofli
fewi ththeulti
mat e
3
form ofpur it
ybysoul.Accor di
ngt ot heaut hor‘Thir
uv all
uvar’
,ev enthethoughtof
doingbadt hi
ngst othef ell
owhumani sagai nsttheAr am orDhar ma.Butinr ecent
day ssuchwayofl i
fei sscant ybynat ure.Whenanyactordeci sionstakenbyany
gov ernmentagai nstorwi thoutsuchdhar maoret hicsorAr am,i tleadst ot he
steppi ngst onei nfal
lacyofhumani t
y .
Formanymi l
l
ionyears,viol
enceandweaponsl edourworld.Theper sonwho
hast heabili
tytoimplyv i
olenceanduseweaponsl eadt heworld.Butonl yi
nt he
recenttime,knowledgeandwi sdom st ar
teddomi nati
ngt heglobe.Inaweapon
domi nat
edsociety,marrow andsi newspl ayst heirdomi nance.Butinaknowl edge
domi nat
edsociety
, i
tmightbet heDhar mat oledt hewor l
d.Anyactintheknowl edge
domi nat
edsocietywithoutdhar mawi llfor
cet hepr esentdayi nt
owar -basedgl obe.
Thegl obalpowerestabli
shesi tsdiscernmentoft hegl obalpeaceandcooper ati
on
amongt henati
onssequelsi nt heinstit
uti
onofI nternati
onalLaw andI nt
ernational
Organizati
ons.
InternationalLawi sgenerallythesetofr ules, nor
ms, andst andar dsgener all
y
accept edi nr elati
onbet weent henat i
ons.I nt
ernat ionalLaw di f
fer sfrom anyoft he
4
Nat i
onalLawsasi tdoesnothav eanyaccept edenf orcementaut hority.I toperates
l
argel yt hrought heconsentamongt henat i
ons.Ev erynationhasgott hei ndir
ectand
unexcl usivef reedom t ochooseei thertonotabi debyi nternati
onall aw orbr eakan
i
nter nationalt r
eat y.Butsuchv i
olat i
onsmayconsequencei nt hemi li
taryi nter
vention
andeconomi cpr essur e.Int
ernationalLawexi stsi nal egalenv i
ronmentwi t
houtany
sov ereignty .Theenf orcementofI nternati
onalLawusedt ocomef rom t hepr essure
thatonest ateput suponot her.TheUni tedNat i
onsGener alAssembl yisempower ed
tomaket her ecommendat i
ons.Butnei t
hercodi fynormakebi ndingr esol uti
ons.The
j
udi cialor gan ofI nternati
onalLaw ar et he I nternati
onalCour tofJust i
ce and
InternationalCr iminalCour t.ThePr i
ncipleof‘ Pari npar em nonhabeti mper i
um’i n
InternationalLaw expl ainsthelaw asaposi tivemor al
it
ymor et hant hatofal aw.

1
TheTami lDi
ctionary;AConciseEngli
sh-TamilDi
cti
onary,
RamkumarPi l
ll
ai
2
Ver
st,LudgerKampman, SusanneEi l
ers,Fr
anzJoseph;Di
eLiterat
urr
undschau.Communi
cat
io
Soci
ali
s,2015,OCLC914511982
3
Thi
rukkural
,Thiruval
luvar
;Poem: 34,Arat
hupaal
4
AnOutli
neoft heInternat
ionalPol
it
ics,RTJangam; 1970,Page.168
Becauseofthel ackoftheeffi
ciencyinInt
ernati
onalLaw,manycountri
eshave
expressl
yvi
olat
edt heI
nter
nati
onalLaw andsmi l
esattheglobe.Theactdoneby
nati
onshasnotbreachthelawalonebutal
soshackt her
ootsofthebasi
chumani
ty
andDharma.
Thi
sart
icl
eexpressesthevi
ewont heBrokenDhar
maintheI
nter
nat
ionalLaw
whi
chistheconsequenceoftheactsagai
nstthehumani
tyal
ongwi
thanexpressi
on
off
utur
eexpecti
ngaspectsoftheInt
ernat
ionalLaw.
Uni
tedNat
ionsOr
gani
zat
ion
TheUni tedNat ionsOr gani
zat i
oni st hei nt
er-gov ernment alor ganizationt o
promot ei nter
nat i
onalpeaceandsecur ityandt odev elopf riendlyr el
ationamong
nat i
onsf ormedi n19455.Af t
ertheev ilWor l
dWarI I,inor dert opr eventt hepl anet
from anot herwor l
dwar ,ithasbeenest abl i
shed.Intheobj ectiveofsav ingt hewor l
d
from nextwor ldwar ,t
heUNOhasbeenex tremelysuccessf ul.Butint heinter nati
onal
l
awf iel
d,ithasbeenqui t
eweaki nconf or mitywithallthenat ionst ocompl ywi ththe
Internati
onalLaw.TheUN andi tsagenci eshav ewonmanyNobl ePr izes6.Some
peopl escommentt hatitisineff
ecti
v e,biasedandcor r
upt ,becauseofi tsabsencei n
sov erei
gntyanddependencyofsomedev elopednat i
ons.Butst i
l
lwemanypeopl es
believeitasav italfor
ceinmai ntai
ningt hei nt
ernati
onal peace.
7
Ther eare193UNmemberst atesareatpr esent .Themember shiphasbeen
open to al lthest at
eswho ar eallpeacel ov ers.Theadmi ssion ofsuch st at e
member ship shallbe af fected byt he decision ofGener alAssembl yupon t he
8
recommendat ion ofSecur it
yCounci l .TheUN doesnotmai ntainitsv eryown
mili
taryorenf orcementaut horit
y,itj
ustusestheUNpeacekeepi ngf orces,whichar e
drawn fr om v olunteerspr ovided bymemberst ates.Gener alAssembl yismai n
deli
berativ e assembl y composed of al l 193- member st ates. I t may t ake
recommendat ion on any mat ters under t he jur i
sdict
ion of Uni ted Nat i
ons
Organizat i
onexceptt hemat t
ersofpeaceandsecur i
tyunderconsi derati
onbyt he
9 10
Securit
yCounci l.Butsi ncet hecr eat
ionofUN,f ivemember sofSecur i
tyCounci l
UnitedSt atesofAmer ica,Chi na,RussianFeder ation11,France,Uni tedKi ngdom.
Wher easTennon- permanentmember sareel ectedf orat erm oft woy ears.These
fi
veper manentmember senj oymor epriv
il
egest hant hatoft heent i
resecur ity
council.
Uni
tedNat
ionsPeacekeeper
s
Int
ernati
onalpeaceisthepr
imarygoaloft
heUnitedNati
onsOrganizati
on.
Thepeacekeepingrolei
sbei
ngadmini
ster
edbyDepart
mentofPeaceOperat
ionsas
auniqueor ganizat
iont
ohelpcountr
iesandtocreatet
heconditi
onsforl ast
ing

5
CharterofUni t
edNat ionsOr ganization,Preambl e;Andf orthoseendst ouni
teourstrengt
ht o
maintaininternationalPeaceandSecur i
ty&I nt
roduct oryNot e
6
UNI deast hatchangedt heWor ld,Ri chardJolly,LouisEmmer i
j
, ThomasGWel ss,2009,Page.36
7
Unit
edNat ionsMemberSt ates,UnitedNat i
ons, Archivedf r
om Or igi
nalon21May2020, un.or
g
8
Chapt erI
I,Ar t
icl
e4, Char t
erofUni tedNat ionsOr gani zati
on
9
Former and, Jacques,TheAt oZoft heUni t
edNat ions, ScarecrowPr ess,
2009,Page.131-133
10
Art
icle23, UnitedNat ionsChar t
er, 1945; ChapterV; TheSecur i
tyCouncil
11
Replacedt heUni onofSov i
etSoci alistRepublicat1991;
 12
peace. Peacekeepersmoni t
orandobser v
epeacepr ocessesinpost -confli
ctar eas
andassi stex- combat antsini mpl ement i
ngt hepeaceagr eement sthatt heyhav e
signed.The Uni ted Nat i
ons Char t
er pr ovides the r esponsibil
i
tyt o mai nt
ain
i
nt ernationalpeaceandsecur i
t y.Ithasbeenwi delyaccept edthatf orthisr eason,
13
Uni t
ed Nat i
ons Secur it
yCounci laut hori
zes peacekeepi ng oper ati
ons. The UN
Peacekeepi ngf orcecompr isesof111, 512member swi t
h90, 905uni formed.These
14
forcesar eprovidedbyt hemembernat ions. Whenapeacekeepi ngmi ssi
onbecame
act i
ve,lotofdi pl
omat icactivi
tiesareunder takenbyt heUN st aff
s.Bot ht hepar t y
nat i
onsi nt heissuehast oagr eeupont her ole,si
zeandst rengthofpeacekeeper s.
Whennat ionsagr eed,
itisupont hesecur i
tycounci lonf i
nalapproval.Thef inanceof
15
theUNpeacekeepi ngi
sal soprov idedbyt hemember softhesecur i
tycounci l .
The UN Peacekeepi ng runs int hr
ee power cent ers.Fi
rst i
s speci
al
r
epresentati
veoftheSecretaryGeneral,whoistheoffi
ciall
eaderofthemissi
onand
r
esponsibleforal
ldi
plomaticandpoliti
calact
ivi
ti
es.Secondi sthefor
cecommander ,
whoisr esponsi
bleforthemi l
it
aryforcesdeployed.Fi
nally
,thechiefadmini
str
ati
ve
whoadmi nist
ertheprocur
ementofanysuppl iesneeded.
TheUnitedNat i
onsPeacekeepi ngareguidedbyt het hreeprinci
plesnamel y
theconsentoft hepar t
ies,imparti
ali
tyandmosti mpor t
ant l
ythenon- useoffor ce
16
excepti n sel
f-
def ense and def ense oft he mandate. Itis a unique global
partner
shipwhi chbr oughti nthesecur i
tycouncil,generalassembl y,secr
etari
at,
troopandpol i
cecont r
ibutors,andt hehostnation’
scombi nedeffortexpect
edt o
17
resulti
ntheint
er nati
onal peaceandsecurit
y
Uni
tedNat
ionsSecur
it
yCounci
l
TheUN Secur ityCounci lischar gedwi thadut yofensur i
ngI nternational
18
peaceandsecur i
ty,r ecommendi ngt headmi ssi
onofnewmember st otheGener al
19 20
Assembl y, andapprov i
nganychangest otheUNchar t
er. Itisonl yUNbodywi th
theaut hor i
tyt oissuebi ndingr esolutionsonmemberst at es.Itconsi stsoff ive
permanentmember sandt ennon- permanentmember swi t hf iv
eel ectedev eryy ear
21
wit
hat enur eoftwoy ears. Whent heSecur i
tyCouncilf
eel st heexi stenceoft hreat
toapeaceoractofaggr ession.Itmaycal lupont hepart
iest oset tl
ei tbypeacef ul
meansandr ecommendsmet hodsofadj ustmentsormodesofset t
lement s.I
nsome
cases,theSecur i
tyCounci lcanr esor ttoi mposingsanctionsorev enaut hori
zet he
22
useoff orcet omaint
ainorr estoreinternationalpeaceandsecur ity
.

12
Unit
edNationsPeacekeepi ng,https://peacekeeping.un.
org/ en,ret
riedonMay242020.
13
Nau,Henry
, PerspectiveonI nt
er nationalRelati
ons,Washi ngtonDCCQPr ess,I
SBN
97814522414887, Page.252
14
UNPeacekeepi ngFactSheet ,
AccessedonMay27, 2020,
15
TheEconomi esofUNPeacekeepi ng,NadegeSheehan, 2011, Page.136
16
UNPeacekeepi ngMi ssions,https://www. peacekeeping.un.org,retri
evedonMay30, 2020,
17
Unit
edNationsPeacekeepi ng,https://www. peacekeeping.un.org,retri
evedonMay31, 2020
18
Art
icl
e24(1) ,CharterofUni t
edNat ions
19
Art
icl
e4(2),CharterofUni t
edNat ions
20
Art
icl
e108, CharterofUni t
edNat i
ons
21
Fasul
o,Li
nda, Ani nsi
der’sGuidet ot heUN, NewHav en,YalesUni v
er si
tyPress,Page.40,
41
22
Unit
edNationsSecur it
yCounci l,ht t
ps://www. un.
org/securitycouncil/ret
rievedonMay26, 2020,
22.05
Vet
oPower
Ev enthoughev eryNat ionsagr eedt oacceptt hedeci si
onoft heSecurit
y
23 24
Council.Thef i
veper manentmember senj oysv etopower TheUni t
edNat i
ons
Securit
yCounci lvetopowerr eferstotheexcl usivepowerenjoyedbythepermanent
member softheUni t
edNat i
onsSecur it
yCounci l
.Itgi
vesthem anutmostpowert o
veto any subst anti
ver esol
ution.Ital so prov i
des an ult
imate powertot hose
permanentmember st oblockev entheappoi ntmentofSecretaryGeneral
.Amerca25,
i
Russia26,Unit
edKi ngdom27 andChi na28 f
avoredt hevetopowerinUNOandnamed
thei
rfav orasthepr otecti
onf orthei
rnationalinter
est.
Thenat ionswhopossesst hesepowersalway sshowst hei rsupporti
ngv oice.
29
Putin,Russi ast atesthatVet opowerisapr omot erofInternationalst abi
li
ty. Wang
30
Yi,Chinast atesi tasacheckagai nstmi l
it
aryi
nterventi
on. Russi anUNAmbassador
Vit
alyChur ki
ndef inesthev et
opowerasacr i
ti
calsaf eguar dagai nstUSdomi nation
31
andusi ngUNSCasar ubberstamp. Butatt hesamet ime,cr i
ti
csay st hev eto
32
poweri stheabsol utedemocr at
icelementoftheUni tedNat ions. I
thasbeenused
forhumanr i
ghtsabusebyl argepower sli
keAmer ica,
China, andRussi a.Atthemean
33
ti
mev etoisal sousedf orwarcr i
mesandev enmanyact i
onsagai nstthehumani t
y.
Thev ictorsoft heWor l
dWarI Ibecamet heper manentmember soft heUN
34
Secur i
tyCounci l withthev etopowert obl ockanynon- procedur alrul
esnotonany
35 36
debat eov er
. Att hatt i
met heypossesst hemostpower fulmilit
arysince. I
talso
hasbeenst atedt hatal lthose5count ri
esal oneaccount sf orov er55% ofgl obal
37
mili
taryex pendi t
ur ewher eUSal oneforov er35%, andev eryonei sbeli
evedt obei n
38
possessi onofNucl earWeapons. Amaj orityofv etoesar enotusedi ninternati
onal
securitypurpose,buti thasbeenf orblockingcandi datef orSecr etaryGener alorthe
39
admi ssion ofa new st ate. At1945,dur ing the cr eation ofUni ted Nat ions
23
Ar ticle25, Uni t
edNat ionsChar t
er,1945; Chapt erV; TheSecur it
yCounci l
24
Ar ticle27, Uni t
edNat ionsChar t
er,1945; Chapt erV; TheSecur it
yCounci l
25
Pol iticsofI nt ernat ional LawandI nt er
nat i
onal Just i
ce,Edwi nEgede, 2019, Page.160
26
Russi anAppr oachest ot heI nternat i
onal Law, Laur iMai ko, 2015, Page.42
27
Wi nst onSChur chill,TheSecondWor l
dWar ,
Vol.6, Tr i
umphandTr agedy ,Cassel l,London, 1954,
Page.181
28
Moder nChi na: Agui det oaCent uryofChange, Gr aham Hut chings, 2001, Page.446
29
Put i
n, VladimrV, 11Sept ember2013, “
WhatPut i
nhast osayt oAmer i
cansaboutSy r
ia
30
WangYi ;Consul ate-Gener aloft hePeopl esRepubl i
cofChi nai nLosAngel es, 27June2015
31
RTI nt ernational , 16Oct ober2016, htt
ps:/ /www. r
t.com/ news/ 362914- us-russi a-t
ensi ons-churki
n-
veto/r etrievedon23May2020, 09.18pm
32
Fr anci sOWi lcox, TheYal taVot ingFor mul a,TheAmer icanPol i
ticalScienceRev i
ew, Vol.39,No. 5,
1945, Page.943- 956
33
Ol iphantRol and, Thet elegr aph, EndSecur it
yCounci lVet o, UNHumanRi ght sChi ef.4Oct ober2016
34
Kennedy ,Paul ,ThePar liamentofMen, ThePast ,Presentandf utureoft heUni t edNat ions,New
Yor k.Random House, ISBN978037550165, Page.70
35
Fasul o, Li
nda, AnI nsider ’sguidet ot heUN, YaleUni v er
si tyPr ess, Page.40- 41
36
SI PRIMi l
i
tar yEx pendi tur eDat abase, Stockhol mI nternat ional PeaceResear chUni v er
sity,Retri
eved
onMay26, 2020, 18. 43
37
ibid
38
Medal ia,Jonat han, Nucl earWeaponTest ingandNegot iat i
onofaCompr ehensi veTestBanTr eaty
,
1996, ht tps://www. global secur i
ty.org/wmd/ li
brary/report/ crs/ 92-099.htm, retri
ev edonMay26, 2020,
18.53
39
Changi ngpat ter nsi ntheuseofv etoint hesecur itycounci l
https: //www. global pol i
cy.or g/component /cont ent/
ar ti
cle/ 102- tables-and-char t
s/ 32810- changing-
Organizati
on,there has been negoti
ati
ons goi
ng on whet her to cr
eatet he
40
i
ntergovernmentalor
gani
zati
onwithvetoornoorgani
zat
ionatall.I ti
scry
stalcl
ear
thatbigfivemaydi r
ect
lybutsur
elyindi
rect
lyf
orcedtheothernat i
onstoenteri
nto
UNOwi t
hv et
o.
Br
okenDhar
mas
Themaj ordist
incti
onbet weent hepermanentandnon- permanentmember s
oftheUni tedNat i
onsi stheVet opower .Thi spoweral l
owst hosecount r
iest o
dominateot hercountr
ies.Thegr owt handdev el opmentofanynat ionandsoci ety
41
changef r
om t i
met oti
me.I tcannotbest ati
c .Thef reedom topar ti
cularcount r
ies
toblockanyact i
onsbyUni t
edNat i
onsaref or cingt hem todoi nti
midationot her
countri
es,eveni ft
heyar enotwi ll
ingtodoso.Si ncenow,f or293t i
mesv et
ohas
42
beenexercisedintheUNSecur it
yCounci l .I
tisr ighttoclassif
yi tasthedhar mas,
ethi
csandhumani tyhasbeenf ractur
ed,tort
ur ed,per secuted,hanged,br okenand
dist
ressedfor293t i
mes.
Thelif
ewel i
v einthepr esentglobali
zedwor ldisentir
elydifferentfrom t helif
e
ofusi nt heolderday sandexpect edt obef inert hant heanimal s.Theani mal sgi v
e
respectt oanot herani malwhom t heyar eaf raidof .Thegr antofv etopowert othe
vict
oriouscount r
iesi snothingdi f
ferentcompar edt othat.Ifreallythei nternational
peaceandsecur it
yist heprimeobj ectiveoft hei nternati
onallaw, itwouldhav ebeen
consider edinabsol uteaboli
tionofnucl earweapons.Thebasi cai m ofahuman’ slif
e
i
st ol ivepeacef ull
ywi t
hmor alvaluesnotwi thanyr unni
ngatcompet it
ioni nwar
power s.Thecannonofi nt
ernationallawandst ructureofi nternationalorgani zati
on
shouldbei nor dert opr ov
ideapeacef ulandmor allifetoal lhumanswi thoutany
diff
erent i
ati
onofcount r
yofi t
snat ionalpower .Wher e,inheret hedhar mahasbeen
primarilypersecutedi nthenameofet hics.Vet opoweri snotat rophyt obegi v ento
thewi nnersandWor l
dWarI Iisnotachampi onshi pcompet i
ti
ont odeci det hewi nner.
Itisthemat t
err egardingthehumani ty.Fort hebet t
ersakeofhumani t
y,vet opower
canbeabol i
shed.
War
?onTer
ror
Gl
obalWaronTer ror
ism i
st hei
nternati
onalmil
it
arycampai gn,heldbyUnited
43
States afterSept ember11 At tacks. The t erm warpr i
mar il
y coined by then
PresidentofUni tedStatesGeor geBushon16Sept ember2001t odecl ar
eawar
44
againstthet er
rori
sm. On20Sept ember2001,hedecl ar
edt hatthei
rwaront error
beginswi thAl-Qaedabuti twillnotendwi t
hAl -
Qaeda,i
twi llnotstopunt i
lev ery
45
terr
oristgr oup ofglobalreachf ound defeated. Thet er
m warused hasbeen

patt
er ns-
in-the-use-of-the-veto-in-t
he-security-council
.html ,r
etr
ievedonMay26, 2020,
40
Wilcox,Franci s,TheYal taVot ingFor mula,Amer i
canPol i
ti
calSciencer eview,1945,Page.943-956
41
Bluepri
ntf orAct ion: AFut ureWor t
hCr eat i
ng, ThomasPM Bar nett
,2006, Page.48
42
UnitedNat i
onsOr ganizationWebsi te,htt
ps: //r
esearch. un.
org/en/docs/ sc/qui
ck,ret
riev
edonMay
24,2020,
43
EricSchmi t
t,26Jul y2005, NewYor kTi mes, htt
ps:/
/ www. nyti
mes. com/ 2005/07/26/poli
ti
cs/us-
offi
cials-
retool-slogan-for-war .
ht mlRet r
ievedonJune9, 2020
44
PresidentDecl ar
eswar ,geor gebush- whitehouse. ar
chi ves.
org,Retriev
edonJune12, 2020
45
TranscriptsofPr esidentBush’ sAddr ess,CNNNews,
edit
ion.cnn.com/ 2001/ US/09/ 20/ gen.bush.transcript
/, Retri
evedonJune14, 2020
cri
ti
cizedbymany .USPr
esi
dentBarackObamararel
yusedt
heter
m butstat
edi nhi
s
i
naugur aladdressin2009,hest at
ed“Ournat
ionisatwaragai
nstaf ar-
reachi
ng
46
networkofv i
olenceandhat
red.
Sept
ember11At
tacks
Sept
ember11At tackwer easeri
esoff ourattackbyt heIsl
amistTerror
ist
47
GroupagainstUni tedStates. Resul
tedin2,977fat
aliti
es,over25,
000i nj
uri
esand
48
damaget ot hepr operti
eswor thar
ound$10bi ll
i
on. I tcanbeconsi deredasthe
deadl
iestterr
oristattackinthehumanhi st
oryofUni t
edSt at
es.Theat t
ackshocks
thewell-
developednat i
onUSA.
Al
-Qaeda
Theorigi
nsofAl-Qaedacanbet racedto1979dur i
ngthewarbet weenSov iet
armyandRepubl i
cofAf ghanist
an.Theor gani
zationhasbeendesi gnatedast he
ter
rori
stgroupbyUnitedNationsSecur i
tyCounci
l,NorthAtl
ant
icTreat
yOr ganizat
ion,
TheEur opeanUnion,
TheUni tedKingdom, Russi
a,Indi
a,andvari
ousot hernati
ons.It
hasbeen char ged f
ormount i
ng attackson mi l
itar
yand non-mili
taryt ar
getsi n
vari
ousnat i
ons.
Hi
stor
y
TheUni tedNat i
onsv i
ewedint hecol dwarwi t
hMar xi
standNat iveAfghan
Mujahideen.Theoper ati
onheldbyCI AisOper at
ionCyclonefrom 1979t o1989.The
CIA Oper at
ioncanbet ermedast hemostex pensi
veoper ationheldbyi twhich
49
off
iciall
ybeginswith$695, 000in1979 whi chdr amatical
l
yi ncr
easedt o$20-$30
50
mil
lion pery earin 1980 and roset o $630 mi l
l
ion peryeari n 1987. Fundi
ng
continuedforMujahi
deenar mydur i
ngtheAf ghanCivi
lWar .
AlQaedai sAr abicmeans‘ Thebase’f oundedbyOsamaBi nLadeni n1980’ s.
AlQaedaar i
sesoutoft heser viceof f
icef orinternati
onalMuslim Brigadeopposedt o
theSov i
etinvasionofAf ghanistan.Dur i
ng1980,t heSer v
iceOf fi
cewasr unbyBi n
LadenandPal esti
nianRel i
giousSchol arAbdul l
aAzzam r ecruit
ed,t r
ainedandev en
financedmuj ahedeenf rom mor ethanf iftycount ri
es.From 1991t o1996,Al -
Qaeda
wor kedoutofPaki stanal ongAf ghanbor der .Al-Qaedaconnect edwi thEgy pti
an
IslamicJihad,TheLi byanIslami cFightinggr oupAl -QaedaisIraq,ArabianPeni nsula,
51
Al ger
iaandmanyot heror ganization. Buti thast obenot edt hattheydi dn’
tjoined
wi thothergroups,butt heyact uall
yt r
eat edot heror gani
zat
ionasawi ngoft hem
46
Transcr iptofObamaI nauguralAddr ess,ABCNews,
https://abcnews. go. com/Poli
tics/Inauguration/story?id=6689022&page=1, Retri
evedonJune14,
2020
47
Moghadam, Asaaf ,TheGlobalizationofMar ty
drom: Al-
Qaeda, Salaf
iJi
hadandt hediffusi
onof
Suicideat tacks,JohnsHopki nsUni versity
,2008, Page.48
48
Mat thewJMor ganTheI mpactof9/ 11onpol it
icsandwar :TheDayt hatchangedev er
y t
hing,
PlagriveMacmi l
an, Page.222
49
Gat es,Rober t,From theShadows, TheUl t
imat eInsider’
sSt oryofFivePresident
sandHowt heywon
coldwar ,Simon&Schust er,
2007, Page.142- 45
50
Riedel ,
Br uce,whatwewon- Amer i
ca’sSecr etWari nAf ghanistan1979-89,Brookinginstit
uti
on
Press, 2014, Page.21
51
Al-Qaeda, ht
tps: /
/www. cfr
.org/backgr ounder /
al-qaeda-aka-al-
qaida-
al-
qaida,Retriev
edonJune9,
2020
undert
hei
rcont
rol
.
Theprimaryaim ofAl -
QaedaisforabsoluteIslamicrul
ei ntheMiddleEast,
whi cht heyseeAmer ica,asthecauseoft hepr obl
em.Accor dingt ot
her epor
tof
2008USSt at
eDepar t
ment ,Al-
Qaedaisde-centr
ali
zed.Evenmanymember soft he
groupwasnotawar eoft hattheyareengagingint err
ori
sm.Thet er
ror
istattack
strategiesandtarget
swi l
lbekeptathighsecurit
yevenf ortheattacksl
eader,which
maket heterr
ori
stgroupespeciall
ythesy
stem mor eindest
ructi
ble.
AlQaedai sregardedastheIslamicterr
ori
stgroupei
therwantedthewor l
dt o
fol
lowt heirideol
ogyortheworl
dwi thideol
ogyshouldbeunderthei
rcontrol
.Inother
words,t heywant edtheworldwithMusl im Dominat
edandt arget
edAmer icanand
West er
nI nterest
s,Jewsandev enMusl im Gover
nmentswhot heyassumeast obe
corrupt
ed. They want ed the traditi
on of Musl i
m should be i mplement ed
i
nternationally
.
Duri
ngthe1980’ s,Bi
nLadenf oughtagai nsttheSov i
etUni onwitht heai df r
om
USA.Act uall
y,Osama was t rained by CI At of ightagai nstSov i
et.Af t
ert hei
r
withdrawal,Osamawenthome, Saudi Arabi
a,hei sreturningAf ghanist
ani n1996and
declaresthewaronUni t
edStates.Hewr ot
e“Thepeopl eofIslam hadsuf fer
edf r
om
aggression,ini
quityandi nj
ust
icei mposedont hem byt heJewi sh-Christi
anal l
iance
andt heircoll
aborators”.Hiscent rallamentwast hepr esenceofUSFor cesi nSaudi
Arabia.Followingt heI raqinvasiononSaudi ,Osamaof f
eredwi thhi sl egion.But
Saudir oyal
sdeci dedt hatUSMi l
i
tar ywi l
lbebet t
er.Ev enaf tersixyears,USSol di
ers
arestillt
heretocont ainSaddam Hussei n.I
nconsi deringallthis,Osamadecl ar edUS
i
sbehi ndt hethroneandannouncedt hem asthef arenemyandst art
edmaki ngwar
onUni tedStates.
Al-Qaedai saccount ablefor1998Uni tedSt atesEmbassyBombi ngsi nNai r
obi,
52
Kenya, DaresSal aam, Tanzaniawher e200wer eki ll
ed, suicideattackonUSSCol e,
aguidedmi ssil
edest royerofUni tedStatesNav yon2000,wher e17Nav ySail
ors
53
wereki ll
edand39i nj
ured, 2001Pl aneCr ashat tackUSWor l
dTr adeCent rekill
ed
3,
000, 2002expl osionoff ueltankerinTunisiabysui ci
debomberr esultsindeat hof
54 55
19 peopl e, SeveralSpr i
ng bombi ngsatPaki stan at2002 ki ll
ed 14, Li
mbur g
Sui
cideAt tackon2002atYemencausi ng90, 000bar r
elsofcr udeoill
eaki ntoGulfof
56 57
Aden, 2002Bal iBombi ngAt tackwhichki lled202peopl e, bombi ngsatMadr i
d
58
ki
ll
ed191. At t
acksatSchr am onJul y232005caused68l i
v es,At
tackonTur keyat
November20,2008ki ll
ed60,At t
ackonI sl
amabadatSept ember20,2008ki l
led62,
Att
ackonLondonatJul y7, 2005caused52l ives, Att
ackatMor r
coonMay16, 2003

52
Al -
QaedaTi mel i
ne: PlotsandAt t
acks-Wor l
dNews-Huntf orAl-Qaeda, NBCNews,
https://
www. nbcnews. com/ id/4677978, RetrievedonJune11, 2020
53
USSCol e,Determi nedWar ri
or ,
https://www. history.navy .mil
/cont ent/hist
ory/
nhhc/ br
owse-by-
topic/ships/moder n-
shi ps/uss-cole-updated.html ,
Ret rievedonJune11, 2020
54
BBCNews, SuicideAt tack,http:
//news. bbc.co.uk/ 2/hi/mi ddl
e_ east/1923522.stm Retri
evedonJune
11, 2020
55
Suspect edAr r
estinAt tack,USAToday ,usat oday 30.usat oday.com Ret rievedonJune11, 2020
56
Char l
ieSav age,Guant anamoDet aineepleadsgui lt
yin2002At tackonTankerof ,BBCNews, 15th
Nov ember ,2015
57
Bal i
Deat htollsetat202, BBCNews, 19Febr uary2003, Ret ri
evedonJune11, 2020
58
Bombi ngsatModr i
d, BBCNews, Mar ch11,2004, Ret rievedonJune11, 2020
result
edi ndeat
hof45,At t
ackonAl ger
iaatDecember11,2007kil
led41,Ri
yadhat
May122003ki ll
ed355,YemeninNov ember24,2010caused23,Tuni
siaatApr
il11,
2002ki l
led21,EgyptatApri
l24,2006kill
ed20,SaudiArabi
aatJune25,1996wi t
h
19deat hs,KenyaonNov ember28,2002caused18,andUSAatFebr uar
y26,1993
kil
led6people59
Thewarbetweent hem isneit
herav i
ctoryforboth.Butithastobeaccepted
BinLadenwi t
hli
mi t
edresourceshadst r
uckwel lonagreaterpower.Wher ei
n2003,
USt roopsl
eftSaudi-
thekeygoalobtainedi n1996.In2004Osamar el
easedav i
deo
that“Al-
Qaedaspentonly$500,000on9/ 11at tackbutthisatt
ackleadtothelossof
60
mor ethan$500bil
li
onforUnitedStates”
.
Backgr
ound
Forthef i
rsttimeinhumanhi story
,theworldnoti
fiest hecruel
ti
esofter r
orist
group.TheAl -Qaedaaccept edwithi
nsomehourandexpl ai
nsi tastheactr evenge
forUS.Becauseoft hereasons.Fir
stl
y,forsupport
ingIsraelagainstPalest
ineand
Secondly,t
hei mpl ementati
onofEconomi cbarri
eronI r
aq,t hir
dlyofsupportingthe
activ
iti
esagai nstMusl i
msi nKashmi r,Fourt
h,thepresenceofAmer icanMi l
itary
forceinSaudiAr abia.Thealli
anceofSaudiArabiaandAmer icacanbenot edast he
mosti mportantbackground.
USI
nvasi
onofAf
ghani
stan
TheUni
tedSt
atesi nv
adedAf
ghani
stanaf
terSeptember11Att
acki
n2001and
61
supportedbyi
tsall
i
es wi thanai
mt odi
smantleAl-
Qaedaandt oremoveTal
i
ban
fr
om thepoweratAfghanistan,
Tal
iban
Tal iban,gener al
lyt he group of st udent si st he I sl
ami c Emirates of
Afghani stanandr ul
est hr eequar terofAf ghanistanf rom 1996t o2001,enf or
ceda
str
ictint erpretat
ionofI slami cLaws.I n1998Uni t
edNat ionsaccusedTal i
banon
denyingemer gencyf oodbyUN’ sWor l
dFoodPr ogr am andl etthepeopl estarveand
62
hungerduet opolit
icalr easons. On8August1998Tal i
banat tackedonMazar -I
-
Shari
f,t hef ourt
hquar terofAf ghanistan.Of1, 500def ender sonly100sur vived.
Tali
banbegant okil
lpeopl eindi
scr i
minately,atfir
st,theyshootatpeopl eandr aped
thewomen.Thousandsofwer el eftincont ai
ner sandl efttosuf focateledt ot he
deathofnear l
y6,000.Att histimet enIranianDi plomat sandJour nalistswerekill
ed
andI ransuspect siti sbyTal ibanandst ati
oned250, 000menwhi chwasl ater
63
mediat edbyt hePaki st
an .Andl aterfoundi twasdonebyt hetiesofI SI.Tali
ban

59
Al -QaedaTer r
oristAttackbyDeat ht
ol l
,ht
tp://
www. stati
sta.com/stati
stics/272757/al-
qaeda-
terrorist-
attack-by-death-toll
/Ret r
ievedonJune11, 2020
60
Domi nicTireny ,
TheTwent yYear sWar ,TheAt l
antic,
https: /
/www. google.com/ amp/ s/amp. theatl
anti
c.com/ amp/ art
icl
e/496736/Ret ri
evedonJune11,
2020
61
Pet erDahl Thruelson,Fr om Soldiert
oCi vil
ian:Disarmament ,Demobili
zing, Rei
ntegrat
ionin
Afghani stanRepor t2006, Uppsal aUniversit
y
62
UNsay sTal i
banst arvinghungr ypeopl eformi l
itar
yAgenda, NewsBank,
https: /
/verify
1.newsbank. com/ cgi-
bin/ncom/ NewsLi brary/ec_regi
ster?
,Ret ri
evedonJune14, 2020
63
Ri del,Bruce,Thesear chofAl -Qaeda: It
sLeader ship,IdeologyandFut ure,BrookingsInsti
tut
ion,
wit
h Al-Qaeda involv
ed i
nt he sale ofwomen sex slaves in Afghani
stan and
64
Pakist
an. ButmanyTal i
ban Leadersopposed t
he human t r
affi
cking t
oo.The
Tal
iban wer e condemned i
nternat
ional
l
yf orthei
rbrutalrepressi
on ofwomen.
Tal
ibanar eformedf r
om t
heai dfrom Al-
Qaedawhichwasai dedbyAmer i
cainits
for
mat i
on.
Dur
ing2001,Tal
ibancontr
oll
ed90%ofAf ghanist
an.Af
ter9/11At t
ack,George
Bushdemandedt hesurrenderofOsamaBinLaden.TheTal i
banr ej
ectedandasked
fortheproofofinvol
vementofOsamai n9/
11At t
ack.ButUSl aunchedOper ati
on
65
Enduri
ngFreedom wit
hUni t
edKingdom wi
thl
aterjoi
nedbyotherNATOf orces.
Af
ghani
stanCi
vi
lWar
Afghani stanpol i
ticalor derbegant ost rugglef rom 1973,whenMohammed
DroudKhanov erthrow Ki ngZahi rShah.DoudShahsi nce1953asPr i
meMi nister
promot edeconomi cmoder nizati
on, prov idesci v i
landpol iti
calrightst ot heirwomen.
Andespeci allyt hePasht unNat ionalism.Thi shadt hreatenedi tsnei ghborPaki stan.
In1978Doudwaski l
ledbyPeopl esDemocr aticPar tyofAf ghanist an,whi chhas
pushedf orasoci ali
stcount rybyabol ishingar rangedmar r
iage,massl iteracy,and
reforminglandowner ship.Theseact spr ov okedt heopposi ti
onf rom Isl ami cLeader s
l
ikeMuj ahideen, whoar esai dt ogetPaki st an’ssuppor t
.Thecr acki nt heDemocr at i
c
partyledtot heci vilwar .Theent ryofSov ietUni oni nAf ghanistanatDecember1979
prompt edt hecol dwarr ivals.UnitedSt ates,Paki stan,SaudiAr abiasuppor tst he
rebelagainstt heDemocr aticRepubl icofAf ghani stan.Incont r
astt ot hesecul arand
sociali
stgov ernment .The CI A wor ked cl osely wi tht he Paki staniI nt er
-Ser vice
i
ntelli
gencet of unnelf or eignsuppor tf orMuj ahideen.Af t
ert hewi thdr awalofSov iet
Unioni nMay1989,t hePDPAr egimehel dunt i
l1992.Bet ween1989- 1992,Nor ther n
all
iancestar t
edi nvadingnor t
handTal ibant her est .Thewarbet weent hebot hcan
bet ermedast heAf ghani stanCi vi
lWar .I tisbestt osayAl -
Qaedasuppor tedTal i
ban
ratherthanTal ibansuppor tedAl -
Qaeda.The9/ 11at t
ackpr ovokedt heNor thAl li
ance.

Uni
tedNat
ionsOr
gani
zat
ionI
SAF
Theter r
ori
stattackon11thSept ember2001madet err
ori
sm at oppr i
orit
yfor
theUni t
edNat i
onsSecur i
tyCounci l
.TheUN Secur i
tyCouncilreactedwi thi
nt he
t
h
hoursofat tack.In12 Sept ember2001madet he1368Resol ut
ion,whichf orthe
fi
rsttimer ecognizedt her i
ghtofst atet ocol lect
iveorindivi
dualself-
defensei n
responsetot err
ori
stattacks.InOtherwor ds, ithasrecogni
zedther i
ghtofuni l
ateral
t
h
ormul ti
l
ateralmili
taryresponse.On28 Sept ember,2001TheUNSecur ityCounci l
adoptedanAmer i
cansponsor edr esolutiont hatobli
ged191UNMemberSt atesto
takeawi der angeofmeasur est opr eventf utureterr
ori
stactiv
iti
es.Ther esoluti
on
prescri
besthenat ion’
sl egi
slat
uret ocr i
mi nalizeterr
ori
stact,i
ncludingsuppor tand
fi
nancing,denysaf eheav ent othet erroristsandcooper atewithotherstatei nthe

2010, Page, 66
64
Lifti
ngt heVeilonTali
banSexSlaveryTime,
https://t
ime.com/ t
ime/magazi
ne/ar
ticl
e/0,9171,
201892,00.
html,Ret
ri
evedonJune14,2020
65
Canadai nAfghanist
an201,ht
tps:
//afghanist
an.nat
ional
post.
com/canada-
in-
afghani
stan-
2001/
,
RetrievedonJune14, 2020
i
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hismeasur
es.
Tomoni tortheimplementat
ion,theSecur
it
yCouncilestabl
ishedaCount er
-
Terrori
sm Commi t
tee.TheCTCatf ir
ststagerevi
ewedtheexisti
ngl egi
slat
ureand
executivemeasur esinMemberSt atesto combatterr
ori
sm.Secondl y,theCTC
focusedoni nst
itut
ionalmechani
sm andassist
ance.ByJanuar
y,2002, CTCrecei
ved
117r eport
s.
In December2001,t heUN Secur i
tyCounci lestabl i
shed t heI nt
er nat i
onal
SecurityAssi stanceFor cebyResol ution1386 asNATO l ed mi litarymi ssi oni n
Afghani st
an.Nor thAt l
ant icTreat yOr ganizational socal ledasNor thAt l
anticAl liance
i
si ntergover nment alal l
iancebet ween30Nor t
hAmer i
canandEur opeanCount ri
es
66
si
gnedon4Apr il1949f oramut ualdef ense. I
tsmai npur posewast ot raint he
AfghanNat ionalSecur i
tyFor ceandassi stAf ghani st aninr ebui ldingt hegov er nment
andal soi nvol vedi nt heWari nAf ghani stanagai nstTal i
ban.Uni tedSt at
es,Uni ted
Kingdom,Canadaandot herNATOmember scont ributedf ort het roopsof5, 000i n
67
2002.Butmost lybyt heAmer icanl edNATOf or ces. Thef i
nancei scont ribut edby
al
lt hepar ti
ci pating nat ions.The ar gument sdef ine thatki lli
ng Al -
Qaeda l eader
OsamaBi nLadencanbedescr i
bedast hesuccessofI SAF, butatwhatcostandf or
whoseper sonalbenef itisasi lver-bladedquest ion.TheTal ibanmaynotbei npower
butst i
llthreat ent or egai nt hepower .Accor dingt oUni tedNat ionsRepor t,76% of
ci
v i
li
ancasual tiesi nAf ghani st
ani n2009, 75%i n2010, 80%i n2011wasdonebyt he
68
Tali
banandi tsal l
ies. Thei nt
er nat i
onalcommuni typai d12- y
eari nv olvementi nt his
mission.Ar ound3, 300t r
oopsofi twer edi edsi ncet heinv asion.2156ofi twer eUS
tr
oopsandWashi ngt oncost saround660USDbi ll
ion, wher e56bi l
lionwer espenton
69
equippingt heAf ghanSecur i
tyFor ce. I thast o benot edt hatI SAFhasmade
Afghani st
anabet terpl acet hanbef oreinv asion.Ithasbui ltr oads, gi rlsgoingbackt o
school.Butf orhowbet terandf art hesamei sgoi ngt obepr eser vedr eservet her eal
successoft heI nter national Organi zati
on.
Br
okenDhar
mas
Talibanbet ween2008and2012causedt heassassi nationofWest ernand
AfghaniMedi cioraidwor kerseit
herinf earofsuspi ci
ont hatt heywerespyand
proselyt
izingChristi
ani
ty.I
tcanbecl ear
,theTal i
banar eint
erestedi nonereli
gioni.
e.,
Muslim. When t hat i
nterest l
acks mor ali
ty,i nterest become a hazar dous
di
fferenti
at i
on.Theywant edt omaket heirreli
gionast heonl yreli
gion.Thi
smor al
l
essact ivitybytheTalibanledthem t othet err
orism andmanycr uelacti
vit
iesnot
onlyagai nstt hePeopleDemocr ati
cofAf ghanist anbutal so againsttheent i
re
humani t
y .Themassacr ecampai gnsandhumant raffi
ckingact ivi
tiesasdiscussed
abovear et heexampleofthem ast heyareagainstt hehumani ty.

66
Cook,Lor ne,NATO: TheWorld’
sLar gestMi l
itar
yAlli
ance,
Mi l
it
aryt
imes.com,Retr
ievedonJune15,
2020
67
Turse,The700Mi li
tar
yBaseofAf ghanistan,
https:
//f
pif.
or g/the_700_mil
it
ary_base_of_afghanist
an/Retr
ievedonJune14, 2020,400outof700
wer eUSled
68
Kegley,Char l
esW: WorldPoli
ti
cs:TrendandTr ansfor
mation,2011,Page.230
69
Brooki
lingsI nsti
tuti
onData2020, SincetheI nvasi
onat2001
 During the Taliban rulefrom 1996- 2001,t hey banned al lentertai
nment
acti
v i
ti
esandgamesl ikekiteflyi
ng,football
,television,musi c,VCRs,ci nemasand
70
satell
it
edishes. Thef amousgameamongAf ghanChi l
drenwer eabsol ut
elybanned
andchi l
drenwhocaughtpl ayi
nggotbeat enup.I tcanbecl eart hattheMuj ahideen
andI sl
amicGuer i
ll
af i
ghter
sar everymuchpr ovokedbyt heinnov ati
onsbr oughtby
thedemocr at
sandt hesuppor tofSov i
etUnion.I tar isesaquest i
onmar k,ifthey
real
lystudiedTheHol yQar an,howcant heyablet ooppr essthewomen,beat enup
thechildr
enandmadet heent i
repeopleofAf ghani stanast hesl aveoft heslav es.
71
Duringthewari nAf ghanist
anov er111,000Afghanswer eki
ll
edi nwar
Theact i
vi
tiesofTal i
bancannev erbedescr ibedast heactofI slami cper son,
thepr ophetNabioncewar nedt heMusl im nott ot akeweaponsi nthei rhand,i ft hey
dosot heyar eatt hepat hawayf rom I slam.I slam pr escribest hel i
fewi tht he
essenceofnon- viol
ence.ButTal ibani nt henameofpr otectorsofI slam t r
adi ti
onj ust
kickedt heHol yQar ananddi sobey edt heor der sofPr ophetNabi .Int her emot est
par toft heAf ghanistan,wheregov ernmentr ulesonl yi npaper ,Talibanpr eferredt o
bet hesav i
or.Wi despreadincor ruptionofgov ernmentmadet hepeopl eofAf ghana
l
ittlechoi ceandt heychooset obecomet hepar tofAf ghan.Tal i
banr unt heirown
72
cour t,wher ethiefwi llbemur der edaf t
ershor ttrial. Tal i
banof f
icergoar oundi n
ev erydi stri
ctt ocol l
ectthetax.Butsomesecr etsour cessai d,someoft heTal i
ban
officerswer echanged, whenpeopl er equest ed.Thef ami l
yl oyaltiesr unsodeepwel l
forTal i
ban.Thev i
olenceinpr esentdayAf ghani stancanbear oseatev eryt ime.The
peacei ssouncer tain.Thereisnoguar anteedsaf etyf orgov ernmentandei therf or
NATOandev ent heInternati
onal Missi ondepl oy ment s.Tal ibanr emai nst rongerev en
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li
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endl ynei ghbori ssuppor tingf ort hegr owt handcar eofTal i
ban?Muchoft he
Tal i
banar mor ycomesf rom t heweaponsgi venbyUSt ot heAf ghanMi li
taryand
73
Pol i
ce.
Att hesamet ime,dur i
ngt heAf ghanCi vilwar,USsuppor tedtheMuj ahi
deen
j
ustbecauseast hemai nr easont hatSov i
etUni onsuppor t
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.
Sov i
etUnionwhi chist hebi rthplaceofCommuni sm granti tshel pinghandwher ever
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.Communi sts
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tsby
thecommuni st st ocr eat esucht r
adeuni ons.Manyev entsmadeussuspectt hat
communi sm i sal soj ustlikear el
igion.Ithatest henon-communi standbel oyalonly
tothecommuni st.Wemayknow,t hathat r
edi nnameofr acism andr eli
gionaret he

70
AhmedAChangez i,
Taliban,2013
71
Crawf ord,Neta,Updat eonHumanCost sofWari nAfghani
stan2001t o2016,
https:/
/ watson.brown.edu, Retr
ievedonJune15, 2020
72
SilaSar wey,Taliban,BBCNews, 2February2012,htt
ps:
//www. bbc.
com/ news/worl
d-asi
a-
16851949, Retr
ievedonJune16, 2020
73
TheDi pl
omat ,https:
//thedipl
omat .
com/2018/06/how-t
he-us-
is-i
ndi
rect
ly-ar
ming-
the-
tali
ban/
,
RetrievedonJune16, 2020
v
erybasi
ccausef
oral
mostev
erywarhappenedpost1945.
WhenUSsuppor ti
ngt heMujahideen,theysuppor ted,eventrai
ned,fi
nanced
andar medt heMuj ahi
deenal ongwit
hAl -Qaeda.Therefor e,itcanbeclearthatUSis
thefor cethatmakest heAl-Qaedaast rongerorganizationandt hegodfat
herofAl -
Qaeda.Someconspi r
acyt heorysuspectsandev enhi st oryacceptsthattheyare
trai
nedandbei ngtrai
nedal ongwit
ht heCI A.WhenAl -
Qaedaf eel
sUSi sexploi
ti
ng
thei
rIslami ctradi
ti
ons, i
thasemergedwaragai nstthenat ion.Ithastoberemember ,
anor ganizationisdeclari
ngwaragainstthenat i
onwhoi ssuperpowerandgener ous
oftrainingthem.
ButwhenUSdecl ar
est hewaront error
, i
tari
sessomecr iti
csont het erm‘war’
.
TheAl -
Qaedai sjustat error
istorganizat i
on, notast atewi t
hsov ereignt
y.Butdur i
ng
the9/11at tack,4,000Jewswer estay edawayf r
om Wor ldTradeCent rewhower e
74
supposedt obet her eatthatt i
me. I tleadst oaconspi racytheory,thatt heatt
ack
waspr e-i
nformedt ot heJewsandot hert heor ydefi
nest hatJewsar esecretruler
sof
theUS.The9/ 11At tackwasengi neer edbyUS.TheJewsar oundt hewor l
daresaid
beincl oseconnect i
onandcommuni cat ionamongt hemselves.Theset heori
esare
beli
eved bymi ll
i
ons.Ci r
cumst ances and Obser v
ance made i tso r eal.The US
Nati
onalEmer gencynumber911i ntroducedi n1967r emember sthe9/ 11at t
ackin
2001.Butal most50% ofAmer i
cansdon’ tbeli
evet hattheat tackwasdonebyAl -
75
Qaeda.
TheJoi nti
nqui
ryint
oI nt
ell
i
genceCommuni tyAct ivi
ti
esbeforeandaf terthe
terror
istattackofSeptember11,2001bySenat eSel ectCommi tt
eeonI ntell
igence
andt heHousePer manentSelectCommi tt
eeonI nt ell
i
gencepr oducedt he9/ 11
reporton December2002.Buti nt hi
sr epor t,Par tIV which summar izes the
i
nv esti
gativeleadssuggest
ingpossibl
efinancial,logisticandothersupportprovided
tot hehi j
ackersareassoci
atedwi t
hthegov ernmentof f
ici
alsofSaudiAr abiawas
missing76.Itl
eadstosuspectofbeingtheSaudi Agent s.
Aft
erthe9/ 11Attack,TheUSAPat r
iotActwassi gnedbyGeor geW Bush.I t
hasbeencl assifi
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slati
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onalsecur i
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Thel awr estri
ctsitsci
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om comment i
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het errori
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ies.After
9/11at tack,thereweredebategoingar oundt heAmer i
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izensondoubt ingthe
i
nv olvementofSaudiandev enJewsandmanyot herbel
iefs.TheActei t
herpassed
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onalsecur i
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encebecomesaquest i
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mar k.Butst i
llnow,theCIAsuppor t
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hsal ari
es,
weaponsandmi l
it
arysupport
.Thegr oupwhi chissuppor t
ingandaf fi
li
atedwi thAl-
77
Qaedaandf ighti
ngalongsideSyri
anRebels

74
TheHat ewil
lnotDi e,TheGuar dian,
https:/
/ www.google.
com/ amp/ s/amp.theguardi
an.com/ world/2001/ dec/18/ sept
ember 11.
isr
ael,
RetrievedonJune16, 2020
75
Dr.Paul Crai
gRober t
s,Conspi r
acyTheor yAMaj ori
ty,Global Resear ch,2019
76
Sperry ,
Paul,
Saudi Gov ernmental l
egedlyfundedadr yrunf or9/ 11,NewYor kPost
,
htpps://nypost
.com/ 2017/ 09/09/Saudi
-government -
all
egedly -
funded- a-dr
y-run-f
or-
911/,Retri
evedon
June16, 2020
77
StopAr mingTer r
orists,TulsiGabbard,https:
//gabbard.house.gov /
news/ StopArmingTerr
ori
sts,
RetrievedonJul y28,2020
 Thesuspect sr emai nbol derwhent hebl ackboxesoft hehi -
jackedai r
plane
burntint hef i
resaidbyt heUS.Theconspi racyt heorysuspect st hatUSi ntent
ionally
bui
ldapal acei ncloudsandnamedi tasgl obalcommonenemyandusedasan
entrancef ort hei
rmi l
itarydomi nancei not hercount ri
es.Likehowt heydi dcoldwar
andnowt heyuset erroristandwesuspectt hei
rf ut
ureey ewi llbeadomi nanceov er
China.Ther eportsshockt hewor ldt hatUSspentar ound$2Tr il
lioni nAfghanistan
78
war .I tar i
sesaquest ionWHY?I sitreal
lyanactast hereplyf or9/ 11at tackoran
acttocapt ureordomi nat et hewor l
dsaidbymanycr iti
cs.Ifreallyi ti
sawaragai nst
ter
rorism whynott heint er-gov ernment alorgani zati
onl edtheat tack.Theydon’ teven
i
nvest i
gat etheaccusat ionofUSA.Thef airt r
ialofI nter
nati
onalLaw i sabsol utely
absenther e.Doest hati ndirect l
yi mplyt hatwor dsofwel l-dev elopednat i
onwi l
l
becomet hecannonofI nternat i
onalLaw?I fsoHow i tcanbedescr i
bedasLaw?
Mor ethanal ackofSov ereigntyi tlacksMor ali
tyandseemst obel ackinghumani t
y.
I
sraelPal
est
ineConf
li
ct
TheI sr
aelPalesti
neissuei sstil
lanongoi ngst r
ugglebet weenI sr
aeland
79
Pal
estinians. Butwithonlyapar ti
alsuccessin2019.TheI sr
aeli
-Pal
estini
anconf l
i
ct
t
h t
h
hasitsissuefrom thelat
e19 andear l
y20 century.Theor i
ginsoftheconf l
ictcan
betracedbyt heJewi shimmi grati
onandSect ari
anConf l
ictinMandat oryPalesti
ne
bet
weenJewsandAr abs.TheI srael
i-
Palest
ineconfl
ictbeganwi t
htheest abl
i
shment
ofthestateofI sr
aeli
n1948.
Bef oreIwor ldwar ,theMi ddleEastRegi onwasunderOt tomanEmpi ref or400
80
years. Att heendof19thCent ury,Palestinewasdi v
idedbetweenI )Mut essar if
atof
Jerusalem,t hespeci aladmi nistrativ
edi stri
ctunderOt t
omanEmpi reencompassed
81
withJer usalem,Bet hlehem,Hebr on,Beer sheba,Gaza,Jaff
a i i
)Sy riaVi lay et,fi
rst
l
eveladmi nistrati
vedi v i
sionofOt tomanEmpi r
ebetween1865- 1918,andi ii
)Bei rut
82
Vil
ayet,bet ween1888- 1917,st retchedf rom Jaf f
atopor tci
tyofLat akia. Itwer e
i
nhabited domi nantly by Ar ab Musl i
ms,smal lnumber of Chr isti
ans,Dr ews,
83
Cir
cassi ansandJews. Att hatt i
memostoft heJewsl i
vedoutsidet hePal estine
84
especiallyinEast ernandCent r
al Europe.
Zi
oni
sm i
st hemov ementofJewi sh peopl
ef orther eest
abl
ishmentand
85
supportf
oraJewi
shStat
e. Afterthis,
leader
soft hemov ementareassoci
atedwit
h
86
creat
inganew st
ateinPalest
ine,thenareacont r
oll
edbyOt tomanEmpi re. Unt
il

78
Net aCCr awf or d, CostsofWarPr ojectatBr ownUni ver sit
y;SpecialInspect orGeneral for
Afghani stan, TheLongWarJour nal ;Uni t
edNat ionsOf ficeonDr ugsandCr i
me; Brooki
ngsI nstit
uti
on
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ct,I
nt r
oduct ion, BBCNews,
news. bbc. co.uk/ 2/ shared/spl /hi
/mi ddl e_east/
03/ v3_ i
p_t i
mel i
ne/html/default.stmretri
ev edonJune3,
2020
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Palest i
neOt tomanRul e, https:
/ /
www. bri
tannica.com/ place/Palesti
ne,Ret ri
evedonJune3, 2020
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Adel Beshar a,TheNameofSy riainAnci entandModer nUsage, CRCPr ess, Page.56-59
82
BruceMast ers, TheAr absoft heOt tomanEmpi r
e, 1516- 1918: ASoci al
andCul tural
Hi story,
Cambr i
dgeUni v ersi t
yPr ess, Page.182
83
Sephar di&Mi zr ahiPet erYMeddi ng, SephardicCont r
ibut i
onst othedev el
opmentoft hest ateof
Israel,Ox fordUni v ersit
yPr ess, 2015, Page.3- 7
84
ViktorKar ady, TheJewsofEur opei nt heModer nEr a: Asoci ohistori
cal outli
ne,Central European
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ersityPr ess, 2003, Page.3
85
Her zl,Theodor ,TheJewi shSt ate,1988, Page.40
86
Gelv i
n, James, TheI srael-PalestineConf li
ct:OneHundr edYear sofWar ,Cambr idgeUni versity
1948, t
hepr i
mar ygoal sofZi onism weret here-establi
shmentofJewi shSov er
eignty
i
nt helandofI sraelthrought hegat heri
ngandl iber
at i
onofJewsf rom di scri
mination
andper secutiondur ingtheirdiaspora.Sincetheest abl
ishmentofI sr
ael ,arel
igious
vari
etyofZi oni sm suppor tsJewishi denti
tyandopposest heassimilationofJews
i
ntoot hersoci eties.Theyadv ocat
eal lJewsar oundt hegl obetoformt heirver
yown
87
maj ori
tystat
e. Adv ocatesofZi onism, v
iewitast heirNat i
onalLi
ber ati
onMov ement
forther epat
riationoft heper secutedpeopl er
esi di
ngi nv ari
ousnationsasmi noriti
es
tot hei
rancest ralhomel and.TheWor ldZionistOr ganizationandJewi shNat i
onal
Fundencour agedi mmi grati
onandf undedf ort hepur chaseofl andbot hunder
88
OttomanandBr itishrule,
Thef irstrecor dedconf l
i
ctbet weenAr abandJewsi nPal esti
newast he
accidentalshoot i
ngdeat hofandAr abmanbyt heJewi shguar dofRoshPi nain
1882.I nr esponse200Ar absdescendedont heJewi shset tlementt hrowingstones
89
andv andalizingpr operty . Zionistambiti
onswer eincreasi nglyidenti
fiedast he
90
biggestt hreatbyt heAr abLeader sinPalest
ine. Duri
ngt hef i
rstwor l
dwar ,asthe
resultofmut ualdef enset reatybyOttomanEmpi rewi t
hGer manyj oi
nedt heCentral
Power sagai nstGr eatBr i
tainandFrance.In1916,Ar abf or cesrevoltagainstthe
OttomanEmpi r
eint het heatreofWor l
dWarIdemandi ngi ndependentAr abState.
Ther esultcont ri
buteswi thanagr eementbetweent heAr absandBr i
ti
shtor ecogni
ze
theirdemand.Fol l
owi ngt heWor ldwar,ItheTur kswer edef eat
edbyt heBr i
ti
sh
Empi re.
The McMahon- Hussein Cor respondence i s a series ofl et
terthatwer e
exchangeddur i
ngWor ldWarIi nwhi chUni tedKi ngdom agreedt orecogni zet he
i
ndependenceofAr abaf terthewarast her esul toflaunchi
ngAr abRev oltagainstt he
9192
OttomanEmpi re. TheCor r
espondencei scomposedoft enl ett
er sthatwer e
93
exchangedf rom July1915t oMar ch1916. Thear eaofArabI ndependencewas
definedtobei nthel imitsandpr oportionspr oposedbyt heSer ifofMeccal y i
ngt o
thewestoft hedistrictsofDamascus,Homs,HamaandAl eppo.Thesepr omi ses
wereseenbyt heAr absast hef ormalt r
eaty ,undert hecommandoft heHussei n’
s
94
sonf oughtagai
nstt heOt tomanEmpi redur ingt heAr abRevolt
.
The Bal
fourDecl
arati
on was a public stat
ementi ssued by the Unit
ed
Kingdom duri
ngWorldWarI ,announcestheest abl
ishmentofnationalhomef or
JewishPeopleinPal
esti
ne.Buttheterm Nat
ionalHomei sunclear
,havingnol egal

Press, 2007, Page.51

87
Mot y l
,AlexanderJ, EncyclopediaofNat ionalism, Academi cPress,2001
88
Mar kTessl er,AHist oryoftheAr abIsraeliConf l
ict,I
ndi anaUniversi
tyPr ess,1994,Page.53
89
TheJer usal em Post ,RoshPi na-TheHi stori
cRoshPi na,Nov ember10, 2010,
https://m.jpost .
com/ Israel-
Guide/Nor t
hern-Israel-
Tour s/Rosh-Pina-Histori
c-Rosh-Pi
naRet r
iev
edon
June3, 2020
90
VirginiaPageFor tna, Peacet i
me: Ceasef ireagreement sandt hedur abil
ityofpeace,Pri
nceton
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ersityPr ess,2004, Page.97
91
Kat t
an, Victor,From Coexi stencet oConquer :I
nternationalLawandt heOr igi
nsoft heArab-
Isr
ael
i
Conf li
ct,PlutoPr ess,2009
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Hunei di,Sahar ,ABr okenTr ust:SirHerbertSamuel ,Zionism andt hePal esti
nians,
2001Page.84
93
Kedour i
,Elie,I
nt heAngl o-ArabLaby ri
nth: TheMcMahon- HusaynCor respondenceandi ts
Interpretati
ons1914- 1939, 2014
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Biger ,Gideon, TheBoundar i
esoft heModer nPal estine1840- 1947,Psy chologyPress,2004
 95
value i
nI nt
ernationalLaw. The t
erm was int
enti
onally used because ofthe
96
opposit
iontot heZi oni
stpr
ogr am i
ntheBrit
ishCabi
net.I ntheUni tedSt
ates,t
he
97
pressbeganusi ngtheterms‘JewishNati
onalHome’,
‘JewishSt at
e’.
Britain Gover nmentgov er
ned t hePal est i
ne undert heLeagueofNat ions
Mandat ef rom 1920t o1948.Thr ought heMcMahonAgr eement ,t
hel andhasbeen
promi sedt otheAr absast heyhadbeenpr omisedt odef eatt heTur ks.Thought he
98
Brit
ishcl ai
medt hatagr eementgav enosuchpr omise. Thesamear ealandal so
beenpr omi sedast heJewi shNationalHomet ot heJewsi ntheBal fourDeclarati
on.
After1920, manyJewsst ar
tedmi gratingandl iv
et ogetherwi ththeAr ab.Therewer e
thespar ksofpr obl em in1921bet weent hem butst abil
izeddur ing1928/ 1929.The
samer esul tsin1929asbr okenhumani t
ybet weenJewsandAr abswi ththef ocus
pointofJer usalem.Ar absandJewscl aimedJer usalem ast heirmaj orrel
igious
99
signif
icancer esultsi ndeat hofov er200JewsandAr absi nj ust4day s. Ar ab
National i
sm waswhi ppedbyMuf tiofJer usalem.I n1931,ar ound4, 075Jewswer e
emi gratedt other egion, whereiti
ncr easedt o61,854at1935.Ther eli
giousbeliefsof
bothAr abandJewsmadet heirmindsst ruggledi nthepr ejudi
ce.Thepr i
macausaof
prejudicei sthereligiousf ai
thanddi scr i
mi nati
on
TheGr
eatRev
oltof1936
The1936- 1939Ar abRevoltinPalestinecamet oknownast heGreatRevol
t.I
t
wasbyt heAr abNat i
onali
stupri
singagai nsttheBriti
shAdmi nistrat
ionofPalesti
ne
demandi ngt heAr abIndependenceandt oendt hei mmigrat i
onpol icyofJewsi n
100
establi
shingt heJewi shNat i
onalHome. Despi
tethei nt
ervent i
onbyupt o50,000
Bri
tish soldi
er s,15,000 Haganah men,t he rev
oltcont i
nued f ort hr
ee year
s.It
concludedi nSept ember1939.Mor ethan5, 000Ar abs,300Jews,and262Br i
tai
n
101
wereki l
l
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102
upt otheonet hir
doft hetot
alpopulati
oni nPalesti
ne.
Ar
abI
srael
iWar1948
I
tcanbedef i
nedast heSecondandf i
nalstageoft hePalesti
neWar .Thewar
str
ikeswi t
ht heambushoft wobussescar ryngJewson30th Nov
i ember1947.103

Bri
tishPol icedissatisf
iedbothArabsandJews,r esul
tsintheconv ersi
onofAr ab
opposi ti
on into Arab Revoltand Jewish Resist
ance into Jewish I
nsurgencyin
Palestine.In1947,i thaseruptedast heCivilWarf oll
owingt heUni t
edNat i
ons
Partit
ion ofPal estine int
o Jewish St
ate,Arab St at
e,and i nt
ernat
ionalregi
me

95
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n,James, TheIsraeli-PalestineConf lict:OneHundr edYear sofWar ,Cambr i
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ty
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96
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97
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98
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tyofBr ut ali
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encompassingtheciti
esofJerusal
em andBet
hlehem.On14thMay,1948,
Isr
ael
iwas
decl
aredast heindependentstat
ebyputti
nganendt otheBrit
ishMandateatthat
104
midni
ght.
Att hev erynextday ,
theci v
ilwartransfor
medi nt
ot heconf li
ctsbet
weenIsr
ael
and Ar ab St ates.Egy pt
,Tr ansjordan,Sy r
ia and Expedi ti
onaryf or
ces ent
ered
105
Palesti
ne. Thei nvadingforcest ookcont r
oloft heAr abar easandi mmediatel
y
106
attackedI sraeliforcesandsev eralJewishSet t
lements. The10mont hsofwar
tookpl acemost l
yont heterr
itoryofBr i
ti
shMandat e,SinaiPeni nsul
aandSouthern
Lebanon.
Asar esul toft hewar ,Israelcont rol
ledt hear eaaspr oposedbyt heUN
Gener alAssembl yResol uti
on181wi thint ernat i
onalr egimef ortheci tyofJer usalem,
andpr oposedf ort heJewi shSt ate,aswel lt hesi xtyper centoft hear eaofAr ab
107
state. Tr ansjordant ookr emainderoff or merBr i
tishmandat e,andEgy pt
ianmi li
tary
tookGazaSt ri
p.Att heJer i
choConf er enceon1December1948l edbyShei kh
MuhammedAl iJabar i
,2, 000Pal estini
andel egat escal ledf orunifi
cat ionofPal estine
108
andTr ansjordanasAr abUni ty. Theconf li
ctt rigger edasi gnificantdemogr aphic
changei nt hepl anet .Ar ound700, 000Pal estinianAr abswer eexpel l
edf rom t heir
109
homear easwhi chbecameI sr
aelandt heybecomePal esti
nianRef ugees. I nt he
110
nextt hreey ears,ar ound700, 000Jewsemi gr atedt oI srael and260, 000Jews
111
returnt oIsraelf rom Ar abi mmedi atel
yaf tert hewar . Thef ormat i
onofI sraelcan
bedef inedast her esultsofI IWor l
dWar .Buti ti smor eaccur atet odef i
neitmaybe
thegat ewayf ortheI I
IWor l
dWar
UNTSO
The fi
rstUnited Nati
ons Peacekeepi ng was Uni ted Nations Super vi
sion
Organizat
ionwhi chwasf oundedonMay291948,wi t
hmedi at
ingt heconf l
icts
112
betweenIsraelandit
sneighborsduri
ngandaf tertheArab-I
sraeli
War . Thef undi ng
113
startswit
habout$12. 5mi ll
i
onwher easUScont r
ibut
edov er$2. 7mi ll
i
on. The
missionengageswi t
hJerusalem ascapitalandFi nl
andpr ovi
desmaxi mum Tr oop&
114
PoliceContr
ibuti
onwith374personnel. Sincet henthestartofthemi ssi
onUNTSO
mi l
i
tarymember shaveremainedi nt
heMi ddleEastt omoni torceasefi
re,super vise

104
Zioni stPr oclaimsnewst ateofI srael,TheNewYor kTimes,
https://www. ny ti
mes. com/ section/ l
ear ni
ng, Retri
ev edonJune4, 2020
105
Dav i
dTal , Wari nPal estine,1948: IsraeliandAr abSt rat
egyandDi pl
omacy ,Page.153
106
ZeevMaoz, Def endingt heHol yLand, Univ er
sit
yofMi chiganPr ess,2009, Page.4
107
Cr agg, 1948Ar ab-Israeli War ,1997, Page.57
108
Benv enisti,Meron, CityofSt one: TheHi ddenHi storyofJer usalem, Uni versi
tyofCali
f orniaPr ess,
Page.27
109
BennyMor ri
s,TheBi rthofPal esti
ni anRef ugeePr obl
em.Cambr idgeUni versit
yPress, 2004, Page.
602- 604
110
Fishchbach, Michael R,Jewi shPr oper tyCl ai
msagai nstAr abCount ries,Columbi aUniv ersi
tyPr ess,
2008, Page.27
111
ibid
112
LandofBl ueHel met s:TheUni t
edNat ionsandt heAr abWor l
d,Kar i
m Makdi si
,2017,Page.18.
113
USFundi ngf ort heUN, https://betterwor ldcompai gn.org/us-un-partnership/us-f
unding- f
or-t
he- un/,
retri
ev edonMay28, 2020, 18.06
114
Mi ssionFactSheet ,ht t
ps: //www. peacekeepi ng.un.org/en/ mission/untso, r
etri
evedonMay28,
2020, .18. 14
 115
ar
mist
iceagr
eement
s,andassi
stot
herUNPeacekeepi
ngoper
ati
onsi
nther
egi
on.
Itistrue,t hatt heUNTSO ev ent houghconst itutedf ortheceasef ir
ei nt he
Middl eEastandi nmai nt
ainingpeace.I tisanunachi ev abletargetev enf ort he
i
nternat i
onalor ganizati
onst oo.Afterthe1956war ,UNTSOhasassi stedt heUni ted
116
NationsEmer gencyFor ceinl argemeasur e. UNTSO Of fi
cial
shasof tenpoi nted
thatt heirmissi oni nt heUN’ scheapest .Buti t
s2018- 19i shar dl
yi nconsiderabl e,
nearly$70Mi l
liont osuppor t153mi l
i
taryof ficers,153i nternati
onalci vi
lianst affs,
and91nat ional st
aff.UNTSOobser versdomostoft heirwor kforUNDOFandUNI FIL,
rai
sesser i
ousquest ionabouti tsrelevance.I twassetupt omedi atebet weent he
Isr
aelandt heirnei ghbor i
ngcount ri
es.I thasbeenest ablishedi n1948,butst il
litis
unachi evablej ob.WhenUSAdecl arest osuppor tI sr
aelengagi ngi nJer usalem as
capital.Everynat i
onhadaf eel i
ngofv ictorytowar dsI srael.Itarisesaquest i
ont hat
‘
IsUSAi smor epower fult
hanUNO,i fsowhyUni t edNat ionsOr ganizationi sbei ng
termedasani nt er
gov ernmental or
ganizat i
on? ?
Uni
tedNat
ionsEmer
gencyFor
ceandSuezCr
isi
s
Thef ir
star medpeacekeepi ngf orcewasdepl oyedon1956t oputanendt o
117 118
theSuezCr i
sis f ormedunderGener alAssembl y TheSuezCr i
sisalsocal ledas
119 t
h
theSecondAr ab-Isr aeliwar. On29 Oct ober ,Israelinvadedt heEgypt .ButBr i
tain
andFr ancei ssuedt opr onounceceasef ire,whi chwasi gnor ed,ledt othel andingof
paratrooperi nt he Suez Canal .The Egy ptian For ces wer e defeat
ed.Butt hey
successf ull
ybl ockedt hecanalt oallshi pping.I tlatercamei ntoshow t hatI sr
ael,
FranceandBr i
tainconspi redt oplant heinv asion.Af tertheheav ypoli
ticalpressur e
from USAandUSSRwar nedt heBrit
ainnott oi nvadewhi chsi gnifi
estheendofGr eat
120
Britai
n. I sraelf ulfi
lled some ofi ts obj ectivesl i
ke t he f r
eedom ofnav igation
121
throughSt r
ait
sofTr ain,whichEgy ptblockedsi nce1950.
UNEFhasbeenf ormedundert heGoodFai thAi de-Memoi r eagreementwi th
122
theEgy pti
anGov ernmentwi t
ht heconsentofi t .Si ncet heoper ati
oni snothel d
underChapt erVIIunderUNChar t
er,t
heplanneddepl oymenthadt obeappr ov edby
EgyptandI srael
.ButI sr
aelrefusedandst atedt hatundernoci rcumst ancesI sr
ael
123
woul dagreet othest ati
oni
ngoft heUN f orces. Af ternegot iati
onswi thEgy pt,
elevencount r
iessuchast heBr azil
,Canada,Col ombi a,Denmar k,Finland,I ndia,
Indonesia,Nor way,Sweden,andYugosl avi
acont r i
but ef orthef orceinEgy ptside.
Supportpr ov i
dedalsobyt heUni t
edSt at
es,Ital
yandSwi tzer
land.Thest ationingof

115
UNTSOFactSheet ,htt
ps: //www. peacekeepi ng.un.org/en/ mission/untso,retri
evedonMay28,
2020, 18.17
116
TheGener alAssembl y,
1001, https://
web. archive.
org/web/ 2007021183246, Retri
evedonJune8,
2020
117
Resol ut
ion1001, 5thNov ember1956,
https://www. un.org/ga/sear ch/view_ doc.asp? symbol =A/ 3354&Lamg=E, retri
ev edonMay31, 2020
118
Articl
e2par agraph7, Uni tedNat ionsChar ter
119
Ross, Stewar t
, CausesandConsequencesoft heAr ab-IsraeliConfl
ict
s, 2004, Page.76
120
Sy l
viaEll
is,Hist or
icalDictionaryofAngl o-Amer i
canRel at i
ons, Scar
ecrowPr ess,2009,Page.212
121
Maj orJean-Mar cPierr
e, 1956SuezCr i
si sandt heUni t
edNat ions,Tannenber gPubl i
shi
ng,2014
122
DW Bowet ,GPBar tonUni tedNat ionsFor ces, ALegal St udy,Page.249
123
IssacAlteras, EisenhowerandI srael
:US- IsraeliRelati
ons, 1953-1960,UniversityPressofFlor
ida,
1993, Page.246
 124
UNEFforceatIsr
aelin1949wasrej
ectedbyIsrael
. TheUni
tedNat i
onsEmer gency
125
Forcewasestabl
ishedbytheGeneralAssemblyasasubsi di
ar yorgan. Thef orce
was underthe command oft he Force Commanderappoi nted byt he General
Assemblyint
her ecommendati
onofSecretaryGener al
.Theoffi
cersandsol di
ersof
eachconti
ngentusedt owearthei
rnat i
onalunif
or m butwitht heUnitedNat i
ons
Insi
gni
a.
From December1956t oMar ch1957,theforcefacil
it
atedtheseparati
onof
I
srael
iandEgy pti
anforcesandtheev acuati
onofIsr
aelifr
om allcaptur
edduri
ngt he
war.Theforcewasdepl oyedforthepur poseofobservati
onunt i
l1967.Duetot he
126
f
inanci
alconstrai
ntst
hef or
cewasf orcedtoashranknumberof3, 378at1967
Mossad-
Isr
ael
Thewor l
dwasent ir
el ysur pr i
sedandshockedbyt heoper at i
onofMossad
heldbyI sraelatEgy pt.Themast erpl anofI sraelwi thl essaircraftst odef eatt he
127
Egy ptwi t
hhi gh-technol ogyai r
craf t f rom USSR.TheMossadSecr etI nt elli
gence
128
Serv i
cemadeev eryEgy pt i
anar mygr ouppenet ratedbyt heMossadspi es. Fort he
fi
rsttimei nt hemoder nhi story,psy chol ogicalwar faredepar tmenthasbeencr eat ed
129
i
nt heSecr etIntelligenceSer vi
ce. TheMossadSpi est r
ansferredev er yper sonal
detailabouteachandev eryEgy ptiansol diertot heI srael.Thehi storiansbel ievet hat
theyhav et r
ansf er r
ed ev erysmal land det ail
ed i nformat ion aboutal mostev ery
Egy pti
ansol dier,includest heper sonalaf fairsandper sonalpr oblems.I thasbeen
believed thatI sraelat tacked t he psy chol ogicalst rengt h ofEgy ptian sol di
erby
util
izi
ngt het ransf erredper sonali nf ormat i
onbyMossadSpi es.Andt hent hepol i
ti
cal
130
andcont ingencypl ansoft heEgy pthav ebeent ransfer r
edt oI srael . Thewel l
-
plannedspyoper at i
onl edt hev ictor ysmi l
eatI sr
ael .Mossadi sv eryf amousf orits
evidencel esski l
lingsandmi ssionsar oundt hegl obe.Mossadst andsal onet o
protectIsrael .Theachi ev ement sbookofI sraelaref il
ledwi thMossad.
Si
x-DayWar
TheSi x-
Daywaral soknownast heJunewarorAr abIsraeli1967warf ought
between Israeland t hei rneighbor ing stat
esEgypt,Jor dan and Sy r
ia.Relations
betweenI sraelandi tsnei ghbor ingcount ri
eswerenotnor mal izedafterthe1948
Arab-
IsraeliWar .Aft
erki ckingoutofUNEFat1967.I sraelannouncedi tspost1956
posit
ionthatt heclosureofSt r ait
sofTi rantoIsr
aelishippingwoul dbeacauseof
war.ButEgy pt
ianPr esidentNasserannouncedt hatt hestrai
tswoul dbecl osedt o
Isr
ael.Withthemassi v
ehel pf rom MossadAgencyI sraelonJune51967, l
auncheda
seri
esofai r
strikesagai nstEgy pt.TheEgy pti
answer eshattered,whent heent i
re
Egyptianairforcewasdest royedwi t
honlyav er
yfewl ossesinI sraelsi
de

124
EdmundJanOsama, EncyclopediaofUnitedNat i
onsandInter
nationalAgreement
s, Page.2457
125
Arti
cl
e22,Unit
edNat ionsChar t
er
126
Michael
KCar rol
l
, Pearson’sPeacekeeper s:CanadaandtheUnitedNat ions,
2010,Page.208
127
AbaGefen,I
sraelataCr ossr oads,2001,Page.133
128
DavidSt
uartRyan,1967, 2013, Page.85
129
GordonThomas, Gideon’sSpi es;Mossad’sSecretWarri
ors,
2015, Page.57
130
TheJewishAgencyf orIsrael,htt
ps://
archiv
e.j
ewishagency.
org/secret
-servi
ce/
content/25333,
retri
evedonJune1, 2020
 Israelhad onl y50, 000 tr
oops wit
h 214,
000 reser
ves131,250- 300 combat
132 133
aircrafts , 800tanks .Onl y100,000tr
oopshavebeendeployed.ButEgy ptbagged
upt heI srael’sotherneighbori
ngcountr
ysuchasSy ri
a,Jor
dan,andIr aqinsupportof
134
them. Egy ptwerewi t
h240, 000tr
oopsandtheiral
li
espossess307, 000troops.I
t
135
has957combatai r
crafts,
2,504tanksbutmostl
ywer eSovi
etmade. Wi t
h240,000
troopsasdepl oyed.
Buti nthewar ,wi t
ht hemast erclassspy-warwor kbyt heMossadcausedi n
Egypti
anl ossof10, 000t o15, 000t roops136pl
us4,338capt ured137,696lossesoff or
Jordan138 pl
us533capt ur
ed,139
2,500Sy ri
antroopski ll
edand591capt ured,140
10
141
Ir
aqsol dierswer eki l
ledand30wer ewounded. Buti nt hesi deofI srael983
142 143
soldi
erswer ekill
ed, 4517woundedand15capt ured. Hundr edsofTanksand
452 plus aircraft
s wer e dest r
oy ed,but400 t anks wi th 46 ai rcraf
ts have been
144
destr
oy edonI sraeli
’
ssi de.
ThesuccessofI tal
ywasbyt hewel l
prepar
edandenact edstrat
egyalongwi t
h
thepoormil
it
aryl eadershipofEgy pt.Theceasefi
rewassi gnedinJune111967.At
thecommencementofhost il
it
ies,bot hthecountr
iesannouncedt hatothercountr
y
145
att
ackedf
ir
st. Butl aterIsr
aeligovernmentacknowl edgedthatI
sraelst
ruckfir
stas
146
apreempti
vestrikeofapl annedinv asionbyEgypt. Manycomment at
orsjusti
fi
es
i
tasanactofsel f-def
ense.
IthasbeenallegedthatNasser,t
hethenpresidentofEgy
ptorderedthekil
li
ng
147
ofEgyptianar
mystraggler
smakingt hei
rwaybackt oSuezCanalzone. Ther ehave
al
so beenal l
egat
ionst hatunarmed Egypti
an soldier
swer ekil
l
ed byt heI sr
aeli
148
tr
oops.
Br
okenDhar
mas

131
Or en, Michael B,Si
xDay sofWar ; June1967andt hemaki ngoft heModer nMi ddleEast,
Ox ford
Uni versi
t yPr ess, Page.171
132
Tucker ,SpencerC, War sthatchangedHi story:50oftheWor l
d’sGreatestConfli
cts,ABC-CLIO,
Page.540- 541
133
ibid
134
SpencerC, Tucker,Pri
scill
aRober ts,TheEncy cl
opediaoft heArab-Isr
aeliConfli
ct,2008,
Page.501
135
Tucker ,SpencerC, War sthatchangedHi story:50oftheWor l
d’sGreatestConfli
cts,ABC-CLIO,
Page.176
136
El Gamasey , TheOctoberwar ,1993, Page.79
137
Israel’sMi nistr
yofFor ei
gnAf fairs,2004
138
Tor stenSchwi nghammer , Warfaresi ncet heSecondWor l
dWar ,Page.253
139
Israel’sMi nistr
yofFor ei
gnAf fairs,2004
140
Wool f,Alex, Arab-I
sraeliWarSi nce1948, 2012, Page.27
141
SpencerC, Tucker,Pri
scill
aRober ts,TheEncy cl
opediaoft heArab-Isr
aeliConfli
ct,2008,
Page.
1198
142
Israel Mi nistryofforei
gnAf fair
s, 2008
143
ibid
144
Zal oga, Stev en,Armouroft heMi ddleEastWar s1948-78,OspreyPubl i
shing,1981
145
Qui gley,John, TheCasef orPal est i
ne: AnI nter
nati
onal LawPer specti
ve,London: DukeUniversit
y
Press, 2005, Page.163
146
ibid
147
Chur chi l&Chur chi
l,TheSixDayWar , 1967, Page.179
148
Br on,Gabby ,Egypti
anPOWst oDi gGr aves, ThenshotbyI srael
i Army,
https://www. umassd. edu/special
pr ograms/ mi deastaf
fairs/wit
ness2.htm,retr
ievedonMay26, 2020
 Thehistor
yprovesthatUSandBr it
aintroopsandequi pmentsuppor t
edI srael
149
duri
ngt hewar.Ital
sof ur
therconfi
rmsthepar ti
cipati
onofUSf orces andSov iet
150
Union used navalstr
engthi n suppor
tofAr ab alli
es. Amer i
ca was f eat
ured
prominentl
yint he Ar
ab Conspi r
acytheories Mohammed Hassaneni n Heikal
,a
confi
dantofNassercl ai
med t hatthe then PresidentLy ndon B Johnson was
obsessedwi t
hNasserandconspi r
edwithIsraeltobr i
nghi m down151.LaterEgy pt
destr
uctedthedipl
omaticrel
ati
onshipwithUS
Ithasbeencl earerthatt hevi
ctoryofI sraelinthi
swari sbecauseofwel l
-
prepar
edst r
ategybyMossad.Manyhi stori
ansnot ethatMossadspi esinformedt he
exacttimingwher et heEgypt i
anaircr
aftsarepr esentwit
hmi nimum t r
oopst omake
useofi tast hedeadl yti
mef orthestr
ikebyI srael
.Itisal
sobei ngbelievedt hatthe
coll
ectedper sonalinfor
mat i
onoft heEgy pt
iansoldierhasbeenut i
li
zedbyI sr
aelasa
psychologicalweaponagai nstthem.Thepsy chologi
calatt
ackef fectsposi t
ivelyon
thewarf orI srael
.70y earsofAmer i
canHi st
oryar emor efavorabletowar dsI sr
ael
.
EvenOzl oagr eementwer ethrowni nt
rash
From t hat,we can come t o a conclusion thateach and ev erydetailed
i
nformat ionhasbeensmel l
edbyI sr
ael.Whenasi nglecount r
ywithl
imitedsources
totookr evengecansmel lwithsuchhighper f
ectionmeanswhynott heor gani
zati
on
wit
hanul ti
mat egoalt o mai nt
ainthei nter
nationalpeaceandsecur i
tyandt he
supportofmanynat ionswer eunabletosmel lthepreparationforwarandceaset he
war.Obv iouslyUnit
edNat i
onsResolutionhasbeensi gnedbuti ti
safterthev i
ctory
ofIsr
aelaf terthesi
x-daywar .WhenUNEFhasbeenki ckedoutbyat19May1967, i
t
showst heext remeineff
iciencyoftheinter
nationalorganizati
on.
Jewsi n3,000y earshi storywer eexpl oi
tedbyt hewor l
d.t heywer et reated
cruell
yassl avesbyRomans,Baby loniansandGr eek.Recentpagesofhi storypr ove
Musl i
mst reatedJewssocr uel.Butt hedeepesthi st
or yprovesi tast heChr isti
ans.
Chr i
sti
ans bel i
eves Jews ki ll
ed t heirgod.Jews wer e so cr uell
yt reated as
untouchabl es.Act uall
y,ArabMusl i
mshel pedt heJewst oset t
lei nPalestinewi th
equaltoChr isti
ans.Ithast obeaccept edthatCr usadesdur i
ngMi ddleagest argeted
andki ll
edmanyJews.Fr om 1, 200onwar ds,Jewswer ef or
cedt oleavef rom t he
respective count rywher evert heyl i
ve around t he globe.Ev en the plague was
suspect edt obet hereplyforthisbyJewst owar dsEur ope.Theseal leventsledHi tl
er
toki l
l60l akhsofJews.Agai nstmanyopposi tion,Israelwascr eatedast heJew
Nat i
onbyUni tedNat i
ons.Ev ent houghJewsar eensl aved,t herewer emanyr ich
businessmen.Al ltheabov ewarar ether evengeofJewsandv engeanceofAr ab
all
ies.Israeldomi natesineconomi c, mil
it
ary,andpol i
ticalfactorsoft heglobe.Jews
arewel lknownf ortheiri
ntell
igenceandhar dwor k, where203nobl epr i
zewi nnersof
902wer eJews.
Iwoul dli
ke to expr
ess my questi
on,that Isthe Inter
-gov
ernmental
or
ganizat
ionpr
eser
vedthei
rfi
ngeronitsmout
heit
herofit
sveryowni nef
fi
ciencyt
o
pr
eventawarinbefor
ehandorinfl
uencedbyt
heindi
rectpar
ti
cipat
ionofthosetwo

149
Podeh,MiddleEastQuar
terl
y,Wint
er,
2004,Page.51-
62
150
McNamar a:USNearWari n67,TheBost
onGl obe,
1983,Page.
1
151
Sham Louis,
WM RogerLouis,TheArab-
Isr
aeliWarOri
ginsandConsequences,
2012,
Page.8
biggestnat i
onsi nt hewar .Att hesamet ime,I sraelwassuppor tedbyAmer icaand
Egy ptbyCommuni stCount ri
es.Manyi nternat i
onalt heoristsbeli
ev ethat,Amer i
cais
undert heunknownr ul
eofJew el i
tesandAmer i
caundert hecont roloft heJew
Nat i
on.Thi st heor ymayt rueornotbutet hicsanddhar maofI nternationalLawar e
absol utelybroken.Wher et hecount rywhowasawar ded‘ Vet
o’powersuppor tsand
aidst hewar ,soldweaponst oI sr
ael.How ev erynat i
oncanst il
lbel i
evethisnat i
on
canbr oughti nternati
onalpeaceandsecur it
y .Ifthissuppor tisther ightofUSAand
Communi sts,how cant heyst i
llbef acil
itatedwi thVet oPower .Ist hatmeansVet o
poweri sdest royhumani t
yi nspitesav i
nghumani t
y?Manycr it
icssuspect sJewsas
thewor lddomi natorsandsel f
ishwi lldefinitelymaket hewor ldt heirslaveast heir
revenge.Thest atementmayt rueornot ,butanacti nr evengewi lllossitsdharma
and l ove.Anyact i
on towar ds globe wi thoutdhar ma and l ove wi l
lnev erbr i
ng
i
nt ernationalpeaceandsecur it
y.
I
ranAmer
icaWar
Thepol it
icalrelat i
on bet ween Iran and Amer ica can bef ound fom 19th
r
152
Century. I
n1953,MohammedMossadeqgov ernmentwasov erthr
ownbyBr i
ti
sh
andUSgov ernments.Itt ookpl acewhenMossadeqannouncedt henat i
onal
izationof
Anglo-Ir
ani anOi lCompany .Af terthecoup,US gov ernmentgav e$68 mi ll
ioni n
153
emer gencyai dtoIran. I
not herwor ds,UShelpedShaht oactast hePri
meMi nister
si
nce1979.Dur i
ngt hi
sper i
odUSandI ranwerecl osealli
es.Ithast obeaccept edUS
154
greatl
yai dedShah’ sSecr etPol i
ceinkeepinghi spower . Thef requentv i
sit
sofUS
mili
taryandCI Aoffi
cialst oIrancanbeahi stori
cal pr
ooff orthi
sst atement.
Nucl
earWeaponSuppor
tbyUS
USalsohel
pedIr
aninbui
ldi
ngthei
rnucl
earprogram atlat
e1956.USprovi
ded
155
Nucl
earreact
orat1957andUrani
um at1967. Accor di
ngt oJamesBillandot
her
156
Hi
stor
ians,UShav
eappoint
edShahasthei
rpuppet.
1979Rev
olut
ion
TheIr
anianRevolut i
onal soknownast heIslamicRev ol
utioncanbedescr ibed
asthe1979Rev olut
ion.Itist herevol
uti
onsupportedbyv ari
ousI sl
ami cOrganizat i
on
157
andstudentmov ement s. Ther evol
uti
onar osebecauseoft hehat r
edcausedby
theUSpuppetr ul
erShahandexi l
eofRuholiahKhomei ni
,founderofIslami cRepubl i
c
ofIran.The Rev ol
uti
on unl i
ke othergained a globalaudience.I tbrokeal lthe
necessit
iesofanyrevolution.Ther evol
uti
ondoesn’ tari
seoutoff inancialcri
sis,not

152
DavidW Lesch, TheMi ddleEastandt heUni t
edNations,AHi stori
cal andPol it
icalReassessment,
2003,Page.52, ISBN0- 8133- 3940-5
153
Mar kJGasiorowski ,MohammedMossadeqandt he1953Coupi nIran, SyracuseUni ver
sit
yPress,
2004,Page.257
154
MJGasi orowski NeitherEasynorWestI r
an,Unit
edStatesandSov ietUni on,NewHav en1990,
Pages.148- 51,
155
RoeSam, ht
tps://www. chicagotr
ibune.
com/ nat
ion-
wor l
d/chi-061209at oms- day1-stor
e-
htmlstory.
html,RetrievedonAugust2, 2020
156
JamesABi l
l,TheEagl eandt heLion:Thet r
agedyofAmer ican-Ir
anianr elati
ons, 1989
157
Golz,Ol
mo,
https:
//www. academi a.edu/ 34634793/G%C3%B6l z_Khomeni s_Face_i
n_ the_ moon_ Limit
ati
ons_of_
Sa
credness_and_Or i
gin_of _
Sov ereignt
y,Retr
ievedonAugust2, 2020
ofwar,nev
erofmil
itar
ybutofthedi
scontentwit
hapuppetr
uler
.Ev
erypar
tyei
ther
Rel
igi
onbasedorSecul
arj
oinedther
evol
ution.
On16th Januar y1979,Shahandhi sf ami
lywer ef or
cedt oanev erreturn
158
j
ourney. Whendepar tur enewsofShahr eachedt heear sofrevol
uti
onar
ies,ther e
appearst hejoyf rom thei rhear
t.Bakhi
tar
, t
henPr i
meMi ni
sterdi
ssolv
edSAVAKand
159
rel
easedpol i
ticalprisoner s.Healsoinvi
tedt herevolut
ionari
esintogover
nment .
Onthear r
ivalofKhomeni ,heopposesBakhitarGovernmentandheappoi nt
edMehdi
160
Bazarganast heirleader.
Thet ensi
onbet weentwogov ernment sincr
easedr api
dly.Khomeinii
nvit
edt he
cit
izensf orsuppor tandwr oteal etteraskingUS t owi t
hdraw thei
rsuppor tfor
Bakht i
ar.Ther ewasar medr ebelli
onbet weenci ti
zensandmi l
i
taryaroundev ery
corner.Afteral l
,at2pm of11Febr uar ySupremeMi li
tar
yannouncedt hemselvesas
neutralinthepol it
icalpl
ay.Allmili
taryper sonalswer eorderedtoretur
ntheirbases.
Sources cl ai
m 2, 800 protestors and r evolut
ionari
es wer e kil
led duri
ng t he
161
revolut
ion. Int
ernati
onall
ythisrevolutionchangedt hev i
ewofI sl
am onNon- I
slamic
Count r
ies.
I
ranI
raqWar
Thewari nt er
msoft acticscanbecompar edt oWor ldWarI .Anest imated
deathof500, 000humans.St i
llendsupi nnei t
herr eparationnorbor derchangear e
theIranI r aqWarbet ween1980t o1988.Af terJune1982,I ranwentof fensiveand
Iraqdef ensi ve.Howev er,USsuppor tforIraqhasbeendi scussedi nopensessi onsof
162
SenateandHouseofRepr esent at i
ves. Accor dingt ot her ecentdecl assifiedCIA
document s,Iraqisusedmust ardgasandsar i
nt hatr eli
edonUSsat el
li
tei magery
,
163
maps. I n Oct ober1987,Uni ted States at tacked I ranian oilpl atforms i nthe
164
Operat i
onNi mbl eArcher anddur ingt heOper at i
onPr ayi
ngMant i
s,USusedor
showedt hewor ldthei
rdomi nanceofwar shiptot heglobe,wher ei tdest r
oyedt wo
Irani
anWar ships.Latterl
yev ent hecaser egardingt hisatI nternationalCour tof
165
Justi
cehasal sobeendi smissedi n2003.
Duri
ngtheescort
,USNav yshotdownI r
anianFlight655on1988Jul yand
cl
aimeditt
obemistakenasatt
ackfr
om I
ranandt hefl
ightint
heInt
ernat
ionalwat
er.
ButIr
anclai
meditfl
yont hei
rwater
.Whateverthetruthbutevent
uall
ycausedthe
158
AbbasMi lani,TheShah, 2012, I
SBN9780230340381
159
Axwor thy,Micheal, Rev olut i
onaryIran: AHistor
yoft heIslamicRepublic,2013,I
SBN
9780199322268
160
Milani Abbas, EminentPer si
ans, SyracuseUni v
er sityPress,2008,ISBN9780815609070
161
QuestionofNumber s,ht tp:/
/ www.emadbaghi .
com/ en/archiv
es/000592.php#mor e,Retr
ievedon
August2, 2020
162
TheUSPubl i
cWar ?Secr etWar ?ht t
p: /
/homepage. ntworld.
com/ j
ksonc/docs/i
r655-night
li
ne-
19920701. ht
ml ,Retri
ev edonAugust4, 2020
163
CIAf i
lespr oveUSAhel pedSaddam ashegassedI ran,
https:
//for ei
gnpol i
cy.
com/ 2013/ 08/26/ excl
usiv
e-cia-fil
es-prove-
amer i
ca-
helped--
saddam- as-he-
gassed- i
ran,Ret r
ievedonAugust4, 2020
164
Operat i
onEar nestWi ll
,
https:
//archive.org/details/ betterl
uckythgoo109453463/ page/n1/mode/2up, Ret
ri
evedonAugust4,
2020
165
Isl
ami cRepubl i
cofI ranv sUni t
edSt atesofAmer ica,2003I CJRep161,
https:
//www. wor l
dli
i.
or g/int/cases/ I
CJ/ 2003/4.ht
ml , Retri
evedonAugust4, 2020
deathof290i nnocenthumans.At1988,wit
hthebr oker
ageofUni tedNati
ons,
ceasef
ir
e was accepted bybot
hthe nati
ons.And both count
ri
es clai
med the
ceasef
ir
eastheirownv i
ctor
y.
Axi
sofEv
il
AxisofEvili
sthephr aseusedbyGeorgeBushinaddressonJanuar y29,
2002.
Heusedt heter
mt opi npointt
hecommonenemi esoftheUnitedStatesofAmer i
ca
cover
edbyt het
ermI ran,Ir
aq,andNorthKorea.I
nresponsetoi t
sAxisofResi
stance
wascr eat
edbyI ran,Sy ri
anAssadGov er
nmentandLebaneseMi l
itantgr
oupt o
166
opposeNATO, I
sraelandSaudi Arabi
aact
ivi
tiesi
nthei
rarea.
2002I
ranNucl
earWeapons
In1970,I ranrati
fiedNon-Proli
fer
ati
onTreatytomakei tsnuclearprogram
167
subjectt oI nt ernati
onalAt omic EnergyAgencyVer i
fi
cati
on .I n 2000’s,when
Clandest i
ne Ur anium was f ound to be used by the Iran IAEA launched an
168
i
nv est
igat i
on. I n2006, Unit
edNat i
onsdemandedt hesuspensi
onofI ran’spr
ogram
andi n2007,Uni tedStateshalt
edanact ivenucl
earweaponspr ogram.I thastobe
noted,Iran’sf irstnuclearpowerpl antwascompl et
edwi t
hmaj orassi st
ancefrom
169
Russia.
Mur
derofSol
eimani
Recent l
yatJanuar y3,2020,US drones ki
l
led t
he Iran’s mostpowerful
commanderMaj .Gen.Qassi
m Sol
eimani
.Hehasbeenf ormanyday sport
rayedas
theter
roristbyUSAandher obyI
rani
ans.USaccuseshim ofgranti
ngpermissi
ont o
att
ackUni tedStat
esEmbassyinBaghdad.I
rancal
ledforaforcefulrev
engeagainst
170
theUS.
Br
okenDhar
ma
During t he Mossadeq per iod,US and I r
an were close all
ies.I nfact,US
appoint edt hepr oxyrulerf ortheI ranandr ul
edI r
anindirect
ly.Butwhenr evoluti
on
overthrownt heirproxygov ernment ,USturnedagainsttheI r
an.Itclearlyexpresses
thetruth;theappoi ntmentofpr oxyr ul
eri
snott hewelfar
eoft heIraniansbutf orthe
growt hoft hei rowndomi nati
on.I thasalsot obeaccepted,USev i
dent i
all
yaidsI r
an
i
nupgr adingt hemsel vesi nNucl earWeaponsdur i
ngtheper iodoft heirproxyr ul
er.
Andwhent heirpr oxyr ul
erl eftthepower .ThesameUSaccusest henat i
onf or
breakingNucl earagreementandi mposesheav yeconomi cbarri
eronI ran.

166
Mar i
ssaSul li
v an,Hez aboll
ahinSyria,MiddleEastSecur ityReport19,April
2014, Insti
tuteforthe
studyofwar
167
SignatoriesandPar t
iest otheIAEA, ht
tps://
fas.org/nuke/contr
ol/npt/t
ext/npt3.html,Retr
ievedon
August4, 2020
168
ArmsCont r
ol Wonk: Exil
esandI r
anI ntel
,
https://
www. armscont r
ol wonk.com/archive/600517/ exil
es-and-
ir
an-intel
,RetrievedonAugust4,
2020
169
Ir
anl aunchesBusherNucl earPowerPl ant,https:
//sputniknews.com/ ,
RetrievedonAugust4, 2020
170
Whatt oknowaboutt hedeathofIranianSul eimani,
https://
www. googl e.
com/ amp/ s/www. nyti
mes. com/ 2020/01/03/world/middleeast/sul
eimani-
dead. amp.ht ml,Retri
evedonAugust4, 2020
 Thegl obalaccept edr easonf orI ranI raq warwasbor derdi spute.Buta
hi
storicaldisputeresultsinwarr ightaf terIraniansshownt heirhatr
edagai nstUS.It
sti
l
lstandsasaquest ionmar k.Ist her emov alofpr oxyr ul
erandsav ingt hecit
izens
costst heli
feof500, 000i nnocentsoul s?Act ually,thosepeopl eshavenopar tinthe
poli
ti
calgamepl ayoft hesegov ernment s,y ett heyl osttheirli
vesint henameof
patri
otism.I fthemeani ngofpat rioti
sm i sgi vet heirli
feawayf oranot herselfi
sh
person’sf aultand leav i
ng al one t heirf ami lyi s meantbypat ri
otism in sense,
Patri
otism couldbet hef i
rstthingt obet hrownawayf rom t
hewor ld.
The death of290 humans i n plane by t he hands ofUS Nav yis an
unaccept abl
e crueltyi nthe worl
d.Ifki l
li
ng innocentpeoplef orshowi ng t
hei
r
domi nanceandt hreateni
ngothergov ernmentist hemeani ngofpatri
otism.That
meani ngfulpatrioti
sm i s agai
nstt he humani ty
.Yetaf ter t
hat cr
uel t
y,even
I
nt ernati
onalCourtofJusticecoul
dn’ttakeanylegalacti
onagainstthewrongdoer.I
s
thatmeans,I nt
er nati
onalLaw can onl ypunish developi
ng and underdevel
oped
nat i
on.
ThephraseusedbyGeor geW Bushmakescl eartheintentoft hei
rpol it
ical
i
deology.Atfi
rst,t
heyar ecreat
inganat ionpower fulwiththei
rhelpinghandandt hen
tr
eati
ngorannounci ngt othewor l
dast het err
oristandjoinwithopposi t
efor ces.So
now themi l
it
aryforcecanbeempl oyedi nal lthenations.Itcanbeandshoul dbe
cal
ledast hemast erofallpol
it
icalt
actics.Al ongwi ththedomination,theyalsogeta
opportuni
tytoselltheirweaponst obot ht henat ionsandmaket heirprofi
t.Inot her
words,warcreated;othernati
onalsfightingand; USwi l
l makeprofit.
I
fawel l
-devel
opednationwantedtocr eat
eabestf ut
ureforthehumans.It
hast ohelpothernati
onsindev el
opi
ngthemsel v
esnottodest r
oythemsel
vesand
othernati
ons.I thastobecondemnedbyt heInt
ernati
onalLaw.Thehandsof
I
nternat
ionalLaw shouldbei nconcent
rati
onwi thl
imiti
ngthiskindofmisuseof
powerasacr i
me.Thei nt
ernati
onalLaw shouldhav
et hestri
ctrul
eoflaw nott
he
bi
ast oanynationonoccasi
onoft hei
rmil
it
arypowerandeconomy .
I
raqandAmer
icaWar
Thehi st
oryrepeat
sincaseofUSA,t henationencouragesoneandl atert
hey
destr
oyt hem.Ei t
hertheway ,t
heywi l
lmakeprofi
t.Nothinghaschangedi ntheI
raq
Americawart oo.Butgl obalaudiencehavenot i
ced,thet henPresidentofIraq,
Saddam Hussei ncanbedescr ibedast heoneofther ar
estpersonacrossglobeto
speakagai nstthedominati
onofUSA.Butact ual
l
y,result
edinhisdeathinthehands
ofli
esmadebyUS.
Jul
y14Rev
olut
ion
The revol
ution al
so known asIraqiCoup def atresul
ted in over
throw of
Hashemitemonarchyi nIr
aq.Astheresult
,ther evolut
ionari
esestabli
shedt heIraqi
Republ
ic.Abdak-Kari
mt ookthegovernmentbysur pri
se.All
enDul l
es,thenDirector
171
ofCIA beli
eved thatNasserwasbehi nd it. Afterthir
teen days,a tempor ary

171
Mufti
,Mal
i
k, TheMiddl
eEastandtheUnit
edSt
ates:
AHi
stor
ical
andPol
i
tical
Reassessment
,
Boul
derWest
viewPress,2003,
Page.168-
72
consti
tut
ionwasannounced.Theexecuti
veandl
egi
slati
vepowerswerepr
ovi
dedi
n
172
thehandsofCounci
lofMinist
ers,
Qasifbecomet
hePrimeMini
ster
RamadanRev
olt
TheRamadanRev oluti
onalsoknownas8Febr uar
yRev oluti
onbyBaat hParty
toov ert
hrow t heQasi m,t hePr imeMi nist
erofI r
aqi n1963.Baat hi
stpar t
yaimst o
coverthepol i
ti
calrol
e, butQasi m doesn’tprov
ideanyceremoni alti
tl
etot heBaat
hist
party.Aft
er mat hther ev oluti
on,AhmedHassadal -Bakkarhasbeenappoi nt
edasthe
sixt
hpr esidentofI r
aq.Dur ingtheBaat histpart
yr ul
e,therewasmi xtureofArab
Nationali
sm andSoci al i
sm.Ther ewer emanysuspect swhosuspect sUSast he
reasonf ort her evolution,asUSappr oved$55Mi ll
i
onar msdeal s,andopposed
Sovietsponsor ed of fensi ve accusat
ion againstIraq atUni ted Nati
ons General
173
Assembl y
Soci
ali
sm
Bef
oretheRamadanRev ol
uti
on,Sadaam Hussei
nescapedfr
om I
raq,ashe
becomeofsuspectoft hr
eadagainstthegov er
nment.Dur
ingtheper
iodofhis
escape,hehasgoti
nter
estinSoci
ali
sm andStal
i
n.
Sadham nati
onali
zedthePet rol
eum CompaniesinJune1972andi tresultsin
174
enormoussaleofcr udeoilandex pandedthenat
ion’sf
inanci
alroom. Thi sleadt o
thedev el
opmentofl i
vi
ngst andardsofmanypeopl eandhar deni
ngi t
sposi t i
on
towardsWest.Iraqhasthewor l
d’s5thLar
gestPet
roleum Reser
vesintheworld175
Sadham hadgotint
erestinmaki
ngI raq,aworl
dpowerfulnat
ionnotthe
associ
ati
onofIsl
amicCountri
es.Ther
elat
ionsbetweenSy
riaandIraqduri
nghis
peri
odaftert
heceasef
ir
ebyUN at1973warcanbeagoodpr ooffortheabove
stat
ement.
I
ranI
raqWar
Asdiscussedabov e,ithasbeenacr ystal-
clearproofthatUSAai dsI raqinthe
waragainstI ran.Ev ent heypr ovidedeadlychemi calweaponsi nai df orI r
aqt o
176
destr
oyhumani ty .Act uall
y,usedbyI raqintheai dofUS.Thewarbr i
ngsnopr ofi
t
forbotht henat ionsbutact uallydidf orUSA.Bot hI r
anandI raq suffocateon
Economicdifficul
t yaft
erthewar .Af t
ertwoy earsofWar ,
USshi psweref oundi nthe
gulfr
egions.Sadham Hussei n,ther econdemnedt hedomi nat
ionofUS.I thasal so
beensuspect edSadham asSunniMusl im,fearedofexpect ationofdomi nati
onby
ShiaMuslim agai nsthimi ncaseofUni t
edAr abNat i
onhappensbecauseofhi m.It
canalsobeconsi deredast her easonf orIr
anI r
aqwar .Moreover,t
odest r
oyt heIran
government,who has j ustt hrown away t he US puppetgov ernmentt hrough

172
Ibid
173
Gibson,Bryan, SoldOut ?ForeignPol icy,I
raq,theKur dasandCol dWar , Palgr
aveMacmi l
lan,2015
174
Nat i
onali
zationoft heOi lI
ndust r
y, ht
tps://
fanack.com/ i
raq/
hist
ory-past-to-
present/
the-baath-par
ty
-seizes-
power /nationali
zation-
of-
t he-oil
-i
ndustry/,Retri
evedonAugust11, 2020
175
Donov an,ThomasW, Ir
aqPet roleum I ndustr
y,ht t
ps.//www.mei.edu/publ i
cati
ons/Ir
aq-petroleum-
industry-
unsettled-i
ssues, Retr
ievedonAugust11, 2020
176
TheUSSVi ncennes: Publ i
cWar ,
Secr etWar ,
ht t
ps://homepage.ntlworld.com/jksonc/docsir655-
nightli
ne-19920701. html,Retri
evedonAugust10, 2020
rev
olut
ion,US has t
he ul
ti
mat
e cause and need t
o dest
royI
ran t
ofl
ag t
hei
r
dominance.
St
ruggl
ebet
weenRel
igi
onandHumani
ty
I
thast obeaccept edSadham act sasadi ctatortot hei
rciti
zens.Hehas
ki
lledalotofpeopl eswhoi sagainsthi m.Theper sonwhoi ssupportedbyUSAi nthe
start
ingpoi ntoftime.Butl ater,hemayhav er ej
ectedt obeapuppetandt urned
hi
msel f a di ct
ator against humani ty.In 1974,under Saddam chai r
manshi p
approximately75member swhoar eagainstt heirrulei nIraqwereexecut ed.US
State Depar t
ment st at
es t here wer e ar ound int housands of peopl e wer e
assassinatedbySaddam,andmur deroff iveDaawal eaderswer ein1974al so
charged.Theper sonswhoar eki l
ledundert heor dersofSaddam wer ebelievedtobe
hi
sr eli
giousandpol i
ti
calenemi es177
Nucl
earWeaponsandAl
-Qaeda
ThelinkbetweenSaddam andOsamawascl aimedbyUSbet ween1992and
2003.Sev eralinv
esti
gati
onswer emadebyt heUSof fi
cial
sbutnothingprovedthe
clai
m.Ev ent heysubmitnoev
idencet oprove9/11attackwasdonebyAl -Qaeda.On
178
theinv
est i
gat i
onagai
nstIr
aq,
Israel
iIntel
l
igenceworkedamaj orr
ole
Uni
tedNat
ionsOr
gani
zat
ionI
nvest
igat
ion
WhenI raqi nvadeKuwai tin1990,t herewereasev ereopposi t
ionfrom t
he
179
Internati
onalcommuni t
y. Af t
ert hewar ,Unit
edNat i
onsSpeci alCommi ssi
onin
cooper ati
on wi t
hI nter
nat i
onalAt omi c Ener
gy Agency wor ked to destr
uctthe
chemi cal,bi
ologicalandnucl earweaponsofI raq.Ir
aqharassedt heI nspect
orsand
180
claimedt hem ast hespyf orUS. Lat
erUScl aimedIraqaf ter9/11at t
ack,i
tsti
ll
181
possessest henucl earweaponsandwor ki
ngwithAl-Qaeda
Amer
icanI
nvasi
on
Presi
dentBushbegant heinvasi
onin2002stateofuni onaddr essbynami ng
Ir
aq asAxi sofEv i
l
.I n Oct
ober2002,US congr esspassed I raq Resol uti
on to
authori
zePresidentt
ouseanymeansagai nstIr
aq.USf ormerPr esidentBi l
lCli
nton
182
warnedBusht hedangersofmi l
i
taryacti
onagai
nstIraq. Therewer einvest i
gati
ons
l
ed by Br i
ti
sh and Uni ted Nations Monit
ori
ng,Ver i
fi
cati
on and I nspecti
on
Commi ssionwithInt
ernati
onalAtomicEnergyAgencybyResol ution1441ofUni ted
NationsSecurityCouncil
.Butther esul
tveri
fi
esther eisnoev i
dencef ornuclear

177
Dav eJohns, TheCr imesofSaddam Hussei n, Fr
ont l
i
neWor l
d,
https:/
/www. pbs.or g/frontl
inewor ld/stori
es/i
raq501/ events_opponent s.ht
ml,Retri
evedonAugust11,
2020
178
Isr
ael: I
raqai dsPal esti
niant err
or ,
butnol i
nkst oAl -
Qaeda,
https:/
/www. foxnews. com/ story/0,2933,77248,00.
ht ml,Retr
iev edonAugust11, 2020
179
Wor l
dact sagai nstI r
aqact ion,
https:/
/www. global securit
y.org/ wmd/ li
brary/
news/ ir
aq/ 1990/ 900816-151051.html,Ret
ri
evedon
August11, 2020
180
Rober tFisk,TheGr eatWarf orCivil
izati
on:TheConquestoft heMi ddleEast,KnopfDubleday
Publ i
shingGr oup, 2007I SBN9780307428714
181
BobWoodwar d, PlanofAt tack, SimonandSchust er,2004, Page.9- 13,I
SBN9780743262873
182
Bil
lCl i
ntononI nv asionofI raq,CNNNEWSPol it
ics,Retri
ev edonAugust11, 2020
 183
weapons by I raq. Despi
tet he opposi ti
on from Russi a,Fr ance and ot her
I
nt er
nationalCommuni ti
es,US pr epared toinvade I r
aq on Mar ch 2003.Uni ted
Kingdom,Pol andAust r
ali
a,Spain,Denmar k,andI t
alysuppor t
st hei nvasion.Bush
184
providesa48- hourt imet oSaddam andhi ssonst oleav eIr
aq. On10thJul y2002,
185
Fir
stCent ralIntell
igenceAgencyent eredIr
aqast hefirstst
epofUS. Accor di
ngt o
186
thePLOSMedi cineSt udySurveyt her ewere460,000deat hsfrom IraqiCausal i
ti
es.
187
And151, 000asofJune2006 I thast onot ed,therewer el otofi nternati
onal
opposi t
ionandcondemnsagai nstt heinvasi
onofUSi nIr
aq.ButUSnamedt hei r
i
nv asionast hewaront err
or.
Ar
ti
fi
cialRev
olut
ionbyAmer
ica
Thereisaconspi r
acyt heor
yclari
fi
est hat,USar ti
fi
cial
l
ybr ainwashedthe
mindsofI raqi
stoturnagainsttheSaddam andhisgov ernment
.Fort hispurpose,
the
theorysuspectsint
ell
igenceagencyfrom UStoper for
m suchact i
v i
ti
esi ntheminds
ofIraqi
s.Therewerelotofhat erswhotur
nedagai nstSaddam ont hei nvasi
onofUS.
Butstil
lthen,t
hereisnotmuchpeopl ewhoar eagainsttheIr
aq.
CaseonI
raqCour
t?
Theexecut ionwasgrantedbyIraqiSpecialTr
ibunal at30December,2006.He
188
hasbeenconv ictedformurderof148I r
aqiShiit
esint het ownofDujal
iin1982.
Aft
erbei ngsent encedbyhangi ng,Saddam requestedt hecour tt
oexecutehim by
fi
ri
ngsquad, cl
aimingitasalawf ulmi
li
tarycapi
talpunishment ,
butitwasrej
ectedby
189
thecourt. WhyNat i
onalcourt,whent her
eisi nt
ernationallaw andi
nternat
ional
courtandaudi enceissti
llaquestionmark…?
Iam speaki
ngt
odef
endy
ou;
notmy
sel
f
Saddam wasexecut edont hefi
rstdayofEi dal-adha.Duringhi sexecution
Saddam wasf oundwithQur anandr i
ghtbef orehi shangi ngst
age,hehandedov er
theholyQur antohi srel
ati
ve’sson.Hi swor dsonhi sexecuti
on“ Ihav enof earfor
my sel
f,Iam speakingtodefendy ou;notmy self
”wer enot edacrossthei nt
ernati
onal
nookandcor nerforhisbravery.Saddam wasex ecutedi
nt heareaf i
ll
edbyhi shaters
alone.Accordi
ngt oTalalMisrab,theheadguar dofSaddam Tomb, clai
medSaddam
190
wasst abbedsixt i
mesaf t
erhi sexecuti
on. Theexecut i
onwasr ecordedinmobi l
e

183
St atementofDi rectorGener al,TheSt atusofNucl earWeaponsi nIraq,
http://www. iawa. org/NewsCent er/Statement s/2003/ ebsp2003n006. shtml, Ret
ri
evedonAugust11,
2020
184
Pr essRel easebyWhi t
eHouse, 17Mar ch2003, Pr esi
dentsay sSaddam Hussei nmustleaveI r
aq
within48hour s,Ret ri
ev edonAugust11, 2020
185
BobWoodwar d, PlanofAt t
ack, SimonandSchust er ,
2004, Page.56-8,ISBN9780743262873
186
Hagopi an, Amy ,Mor tali
tyinIraqiWar , 2003-11WarandOccupat ion,doi:
10. 1371/journal.pmed. 1001533, Ret r
ievedonAugust11, 2020
187
Lev y,BarryS, Document i
ngt heef fectsofAr medConf lictonPopul ati
onHeal t
h,AnnualRevi
ewof
Publ icHeal t
hRev iew, 2016, doi
: 10.1146/ annurev-publheal t
h-032315021913, Retr
ievedonAugust16,
2020
188
Saddam Bur iedi nv il
lageofhi sbi r
th,ht t
ps://www. cbc.ca/news/ wor l
d/saddam- buri
ed-
in-
vi
llage-of-
his-birt
h-1.586906, RetrievedonAugust11, 2020
189
Saddam pr efersdeat hbyshoot i
ng, Washi ngtontimes, January32006, Retri
evedonAugust11,
2020
190
Hay nes, Debor ah,Saddam BodywasSt abbedint heback, htt
ps://www. theti
nes.co.
uk/
,Retrieved
phoneandt el
ecastedini
nter
netwhi
chcreat
esagl
obalcont
rov
ersyandshowcases
thebrav
eryofSaddam bef orethewor
ldandmadehim asaherointhemi ndsof
ever
yanti-
capit
ali
sts.
Br
okenDhar
mas
USAaccusedI raqofki l
lingt heirownpeopl eandannouncedt hem t othewor l
d
asasuppor t
eroft er r
or i
st sAl -Qaedawhi choncet heydi d.USAmadecl earint heir
poi ntofv iew, t
ocr eat eapeacef ulwor ld.Buti freal l
ycr eatingapeacef ulwor l
di st he
sol eandt ruemot ionofUSA.Theact ionoft hem woul dnev erbei nki l
li
ngl akhsof
Iraqi sandI ranis.Saddam wasaccusedofki ll
i
ng148I raqis.Butwhatwi llbet he
react iont owar dst hewel l
-dev elopednat i
onwhohaski lledmanyl akhsofI r
aqis, who
claimedt obeent eringt hei rcount r
yf orcr eat i
ngpeace.Doest hatmean,dev eloped
nat ionhasgott heaut hor ityt oki l
linnocenthumans.I fanyl aw per mi tsso,t hel aw
shoul dbet hepr i
mar yonet obur nal i
ve.I tiswel l-knownt ot hewor l
d,USAdoesn’ t
submi tanyev idencet opr ov eI raqhasNucl earWeapons.Atf i
rst ,USA act ually
suppor tedf i
nanci al l
yandpol it
icallyIraqt of acet heircommonenemy .Butwhent heir
usewasf ulfi
ll
edbyI raq.USA mayhav et hought ,t hatt heydon’ tr equireanew
compet itort othem.Hav ingt hisi nmi ndt heymayhav est i
mul at edar ev oltinIraqand
demol ishedt hecount ryi nt henameofher oi sm.Att hesamet i
me, Saddam whowas
por tray edbyUSasacr ueldi ctatorandwhowassai dt obei ncl oser elat
ionwi th
terror ist sandhi saccusat i
onwashel di nI raqcour tnotonI nt ernationalCour t
.Does
thatmeanUSi saf raidofSaddam andi nur get oki l
lhi m orUSdoesn’ tconsi der ed
Inter nat ionalLaw asLaw andI nternationalCour tasCour t
.I fsoi nt hecont extof
Inter nat ionalPeaceandsecur ity,doest hedev el
opednat i
onhasgi venanyexcl usi ve
powerandf r
eedom t odot er ror i
sm i nt henameofher oism.I thast obeaccept ed
humanki ndwasmur deredi nt hesoi lsofI raq.Manyi nnocentpeopl esdi edbecause
oft hei nv asiondeci siont akenbyt hegov ernmentofAmer i
ca.Att hesamet ime,
Inter nat ionalCour twasnotconsi deredt oj udget hepr esi dentofast atewhoi s
accused ofcr ime agai nsthumani ty.The wel lcl aimed wor ld sav iorhas not
consi der ednorr especti nter nat i
onall aw.I nt hecl ai m ofnucl earweapons,t hey
ent eredI raqandhangedSaddam i naccusat ionof146mur der s.Buti nt hi sprocess,
4l akhsi nnocentpeopl ewer eki ll
ed.Whet herSaddam i sbadorgood, buthumani tyi s
mur der edbybot ht hepar ties,Saddam i nl ow l evelcompar edt oUSA.I fUSAr eally
want edt omaket hewor l
di npeace,t heywoul dhav eappr oachedUni tedNat ions
Or gani zat ionnott hei ral l
iesf ori nvasion.I nt hi scr ueltyagai nsthumani ty,wecamet o
knowt hatt her ei sasev er eneedf orallhumans, ast rongknowl edgeabouthumani t
y.
Ther ev ol twhet herengi neer edbyCI Aornot , ther ev oltagai nstSaddam becamev ery
power fulaf t
erUSi nv asi on.Thewor l
dst ri
ct lyneedsal overofhumani tynotal eader
tol eadt hewor ld.Ev erycount ryisf il
ledwi tht hel eader s,ther ei snoneedf orwor l
d
l
eadert ol eadent irehumani tyi nasi nglef acebutsev erelyneedsal ov erofhumani ty
toenf or cei nt ernat i
onal peaceandsecur i
ty
Somal
ia
Somali
a,onceari
chagri
cul
tur
enati
ont
urnedint
opoorestnati
oninthewor
ld.
Thepoli
ti
calanddominat
iongamesplay
edbywell-
devel
opednationscouldbet
he

onAugust11,
2020
bestreasonfortodayscondit
ionofSomal i
a.Theexploit
ati
onstart
sfrom Ogaden
wardur i
ng1977and1978bet weenSomaliaandEt hi
opia.Thewarst ar
tswi t
h
191
Somaliainvasi
on on Ethi
opia and Sovi
etUnion ceased suppor
tofSomal i
a.
192
Ethi
opiawassavedfrom majorterr
it
oryl
osswitht
heairli
fthel
pfrom Fi
del
Castro.
Somaliafacedaheavyst
ruckbydef eat
,whi
chcausedrevolti
narmyandciti
zens.
Somal
iaCi
vi
lWar
Somal i
anCi vilWarbeginwitht herebell
ionoccurr
edin1970’sand1990’s.The
historyofSomal i
aconsi st
sofSt arvati
onki l
li
ngmanyhumans.Thet er
rori
stgroup
j
oi nedt hestarvat
ional ongwi t
hani neffi
cientgovernmenttocont
rolal
lthese.These
historygetsset tl
edf r
om theirci
vilwar .Somal i
aoneoft heveryfew nati
on,where
l
andr eform getsfailure.Landl
ordspl aysthedomi nantrol
ewhereothersareforced
193
towor kassl aves.
During1990’ swhent herei sanabsol ut
einst abil
ityi
nt hegov ernment ,when
thepowerbecomesanaddi ction.I tleadstoabat tlebet weenSomal i
aAr medFor ces
194
withAr medRebelgr oup. Itl edanoppor t
unit
yt ot hewor ldofr emindingthe
existenceofI nternati
onalLaw.Uni tedNat ionsCounci lResoluti
on733andUni t
ed
Nat i
onsSecur i
tyCounci lResol ution746f ormedUni tedNat i
onsOper ationi
nSomal i
a
It o pr ovi
de Humani tari
an r eliefand di ssoluti
on ofcent ralgov ernment .UNSC
Resol uti
onappr ovedt hepeacemaker sformt heUni f
iedTaskFor ce,ledbyUni t
ed
States.UNI TAF was mandat ed t o use al lthe necessar ymeans t o deliverthe
195
humani tar
ianai d. WhenUSunsuccessf ull
yattemptt oappr ehendAl did,whoi s
war l
or dandmi lit
ialeaderandcl aimedt obeacr iminalagai nstthehumani ty
.UN
peacekeeper sleftthecount ryinMar ch3,1995af terincurri
ngaheav ycasualtyon
196
theirsidef r
om thel ocalgunmen.
Somal i
aisdomi natedwithSunniMusl i
ms.Al -
Shabaabi sthet err
oristgr
oup,
whopl edgedallegiancewi t
hAl -Qaedai n2012197 Thet er
ror
istgroupmeans‘ The
YouthMov ement ’playsav i
talroleint heSomal ianCivilWarf ormedi n2006.They
runwithamot toofi mplementingShar i
atLaw.Somal i
ansusedt ol i
veaNomadi c
Life.I
thas been cl ai
med by t he Int ernati
onalaudience thatAl -
Shabaab was
supportedbyotherSunniMusl im groupsar oundtheglobe.Theci vi
lwarbr okeoutin
th
4 Febr uar
y,2009,whenI sl
amist sgroupscr eat
edHi sbiIsl
am t ofightagainstthe
198
new gov er
nmentofShar ifAhmed. Themai nreasonsf ort hecivilwarcanbe

191
Gebr uTar eks, TheEt hiopi
a-Somal i
aWarof1977, Internati
onal JournalofAf r
icanHi stori
cal
St udies, 2000, Page.65- 667
192
Clodf el
ter.M War f
areandAr medConf licts:AStatisticalEncy clopedi
aofCasual tyandOt her
figur es,2017, ISBN9780786474707
193
Wi l
li
am Reno, Somal i
a: St
ateFailur
eandSel fDet ermi nati
oni nt heShadowofGl obal Economy ,
ht tps://l
ink.spr inger.com/ chapter/
10.1057/ 9780230502376_ 7, Retri
evedonAugust17, 2020
194
Cent ralI
nt elligenceAgency ,TheWor ldFact book, https://
www. cia.
gov/l
ibrary/publi
cations/t
he-
wor l
d-factbook/ geos/so.html,Retri
evedonAugust20, 2020
195
UnitedNat i
onsOper ationinSomal ia,https:/
/www. un.org/Dept s/DPKO/Mi ssions/unosomi .
html,
Ret rievedonAugust20, 2020
196
Repor tofSecr etaryGener alonSomal ia,S/1995/ 231, Mar ch281995
197
Al-Shabaabj oinsAl -
Qaeda, htt
ps://edit
ion.cnn.com/ 2012/ 02/09/world/
africa/somal i
a-shabaab-
qaeda, Ret r
iev edonAugust17, 2020
198
Somal i
aI slami cPartyinsurgentsdeclar ewaronNewGov ernment ,
ht tps://all
africa. com/ st
ories/200902080003. html,Ret r
ievedonAugust20, 2020
cl
assi
fiedasbecauseofthepover
tyei
thercr
eatedbyfat
eormanmade,i mpr
oper
gover
nment,wi
ththefact
orofi
l
li
ter
acyusedbythewel
l-
devel
opednat
ion.
Al -
Shabaabdecl aredthemsel vesast hepr otector sofI slam andt heyf ought
199
againstJewsespeci all
yagai nstAmer i
canDomi nation. Somal iawasaccusedby
Wor ldNat i
onst hattheydi dn’tconsul tanyNat i
onbef or ei nvadi ngEthiopia.When
Ethiopi
awassuppor tedbyCommuni stNat i
ons.Somal iagott hesuppor tofUSA.
Afterthewar ,ther ecreatesthesi t
uationofheav ypov er
t y.Pov ertyresul
tsincr eat
ion
ofst i
ckl i
kebodyst ructureast heident i
tyofSomal i
a.Dur ingtheper i
odof2009–
200
2012ar ound6, 300peopl eswer ekill
ed. Al-Shabaabwasmai nlyfi
nancedbyt he
otherSunniMusl im Groups.Theyal sousedt ogett axf rom t heSomal i
ans.I nthe
pri
mar yday s,iti s beli
ev ed byt he i nternat ionalaudi ence t hatpeopl e actuall
y
suppor t
edt hegr oupandl at
ert hesuppor tt urnintohat red.Thehor noft hegreat
Afri
cai sbeli
ev edt obeasoci al
istcount ry,wher easAl -
Shabaabwant edtoimpl ement
stri
ctShar i
atLaw.
AlShabab
Anal
ystsaidthatthefor
efatheroft
heAl-
ShabaabgroupwasAI AI,
Al-
It
ti
hadAl
-I
slamiorUnit
yofI sl
am.Whowaspar t
lyf
undedbytheheadofAl-QaedaOsamaBi n
201
Ladenhimself. ThesameOsamawhowasoncesuppor tedbyUSAt oaccompli
sh
theirowncauseofdomi nanceissue.TheUnif
yingmott
ooft hi
sor gani
zati
onisto
opposethewest ern-
backedgovernments.
Nucl
earWast
es
Thehugewav esi n2004showcasest hewor ld,yetanotherr easonforthe
eagl
eey esofwel ldev elopednat ionspy i
ngonSomal ia.Accordi
ngt oFont i
,manager
ofENEA,not i
fied600dr umsoft oxicwast esandr adi
oacti
vewast esf r
om USA,
Germany ,Swit
zer l
and, andFr ancewerebur i
edinthedeepseasonSomal i
abybuy i
ng
202
thelocalpol it
icians. Thehugewav esst irr
edupi ll
egaldumpi ngnucl earwastes
i
ntot hel and.Accor dingt oUni t
edNat i
onsEnv ir
onmentPr ogr
am at2005,i tdoesn’t
203
fi
ndanynucl earwast esaf t
erTsunami . Buti n2006,Somal i
aNGODar yeelBul
sho
Gud,f ound15cont ainer sofnucl earandchemi calwast esincoast alareas.Itmay
l
eadt ot hequest ionoft ruthful
nessofUni tedNationst owardsinternati
onalpeace
andsecur i
ty.
Br
okenDhar
mas
Duri
ng1970sandear
ly1980sSomal
i
awassuppor
tedbySovi
etUni
on.Thei
r
r
elat
ionscametoanendov ert
heOgadenWar
,whereSovi
etUni
onsuppor
tedthe

199
Al-Shabaabi nSomal ia,https://
www. cf r
.org/gl
obal-
confli
ct-t
racker/confli
ct/al
-shabaab-somalia,
Ret r
ievedonAugust17, 2020
200
IRINAf ri
caAccusat i
ont radedov erri
si ngcasualti
esatMogadi shuMar ket,
https://www. t
hehumani tarian.org/r
epor t/91267somal i
a-accusat i
ons-t
raded- over
-ri
sing-casual
ti
es-
mogadi shu-
mar ket,
RetrievedonAugust20, 2020
201
Al-Shabaab, CouncilonFor ei
gnRel ations, ht
tps:
//www. cfr.
org/backgrounder /
al-shabaab,
Ret r
ievedonAugust23, 2020
202
From Cocai netoPlutnium, TheGuar di an,
https://www. t
heguardian.com/ world/2007/ oct
/09/i
tal
y.nucl
earpower ,Ret r
ievedonAugust23, 2020
203
Af t
ertheTsunami RapidEnv ir
onment al Assessment,UnitedNat i
onsEnv ir
onment alPrograms
Ethiopian Communi stGov er nment .Hence t herefor
e,USA ext ends t hei
rsuppor t
towar dsSomal ia.TheUNMi ssi
oni n1990sal soledbyUni tedStates.AnNGOf ound
thenucl earwast es,wher eUNOcan’ t.Thi
sshowswhet hert heinter
estofUNOmay
beagai nsthumani tyort heinefficiencyofUNO.Ei t
herthewayhumani t
yisnotinthe
strongandl ove-seeker shand.I lli
teracyast hemai nfact orusedbyot hernationto
domi nateot hernation.Whenl it
er acyisallar
oundt hecount ryi
tbecomesat oughjob
fordev elopednat i
onst ouseot her’snati
onasdumpy ard.Thewi ngsofUNO ar e
doingat remendousj obi nmaki ngoppor t
unityforeducat ionformanypeopl es.The
present -
dayact i
viti
esofUNOar et hebestofal lt
ime.Buti thast obeaccept edthatit
i
snotenought osav ethehumani tyandmaket heint ernati
onalpeace,t hei nt
er-
gov er
nment alor gani zat
ion shoul d possess t he power as such of an i nt
er-
gov er
nment alorgani zati
on,notundert hecont rolofanygov ernmentt osav ethe
humani ty.
I
thast obenot edin2017,USPr esidentDonal dTrumpbannedt heent r
yof
SomaliansintoUSAbyst at
ingt heExecut iveOr deras“ Prot
ect
ingtheNat ionfrom
204
Forei
gnTer ror
istEntr
yintoUni tedStates” .I tincludestheSomal i
anRef ugees.It
onceagai nshowcasest hedomi nationment ali
tyshownbyAmer icatowar dst he
poornations.I
ft heyaret
her ealsavior
sofhumani ty,theyshouldhavelovedev ery
humannotuset hem f
ormaki ngpr of
itanddev el
opt heireconomyandmi l
itary.
‘Afri
caisr i
ch;butAf r
icansar epoor ’Thesi tuati
onr isesbecauseofi l
li
teracy ,
i
mpr opergov ernment ,andexpl oi
tati
onofmul tinationalcompani es.Thecanonsof
i
nternationalshouldbemor eef f
ectiveinor derav oi
dsuchexpl oit
ati
onofnat ur al
resources and humans byt he Mul t iNationalCompani es,who ar ev erymuch
suppor t
edbycapi tal
istgovernment s.Onl ywhenUNO becomecapabl etor eform
thesei ssues,internati
onalpeacecan bemai ntained.I n ordert o UNO become
effi
cientandef fecti
ve,itshouldbef reefrom t hedomi nationoft hewell-
developed
nati
ons.Ther ealsav i
orofhumani t
ywhoi scr eatedbyt heconsentandwi shf rom
everynat i
onandhumanshoul dbef reef r
om anyki ndofdomi nat
ionsf r
om anyoft he
nati
onsei therthewayofeconomi cal andinmi l
itary.
Li
bya
Theforef
atherofdict
atorshi
p,MummerMuhammedGaddaf i
.Thepersonwho
r
uledLi by
af or42y ears.Onceasuper manofLiby
akil
l
edbyLibyansthemselves.
Wellknownf orbeinganunpr edi
ctabl
eleaderormaybeanunpr
edi
ctabl
edictat
orin
t
heinternati
onalpoli
ti
cs.Thef or
merrulerofLi
bya
Li
by aisl ocatedinNorthAfri
ca,16largestcountyand10thl
r ar
gestoilr
eserve
205
i
nt hewor l
d. TheI nter
nati
onalaudiencesuspectsthesedataasthereasonforthe
eagleeye-sightoft hewell-
devel
opednat i
on.Gaddafiint
roducedhi
sveryownwayof
i
nternati
onalt heor ywel lknown asThi rd Uni
versalTheorywhich i
si nspi
red by

204
Execut i
veOr der13769, Feder alRegist
er ,
TheDai lyJournalofUnit
edStat
esGov ernment,
https://f
eder al
regi ster
.gov/document /
2017/ 02/01/2017-02281/prot
ect
ing-
the-
nati
on-fr
om-for
eign-
terrori
st-ent
ry -
into-the-
uni t
ed-states,Retr
ievedonAugust23, 2020
205
Wor ldProv enCr udeResour cei nt
heCount ry
,
http://
www. opec. org/l
ibrary/
Annual %20St ati
sti
cal%Bull
etin/
inter
acti
ve/
2004/Fi
leZ/XL/T33.
HTM,
Ret r
ievedonAugust23, 2020
Isl
ami cSoci al
ism,ArabNational
ism,Afri
canNational
ism andpr incipl
esofdi rect
democr acy.Gaddafiwasbornt oapoorfamil
y.Hewaspr i
mar i
l
yanAr abNat i
onalist
.
Gaddaf ienroll
edhimsel
finRoy alMil
it
aryAcademyduringhisschool .Hemanaged
tocr eatear evolut
ionwit
hintheMi l
i
tarywhichactual
lydeposedt hemonar chyi n
Libya.Het ookt hepowerby1969Coup.Af t
erthi
s,heejectedt hewest ernmili
tary
basesf rom Libya.Heinsti
gatedShari
aLaw andnat i
onali
zedt heoi lcompaniesi n
Libya,whichputanobstacletothedominanceofwesterncountr
iesi nLibya.
Gaddaf iwantedtoadoptasoci ali
stcount ry.Hemadehi mselfast heheadof
t
h
bothmi lit
aryandl egisl
ati
ve.On5 Apr il1986,LeBel l
eDi scotheque,t hepl ace
frequent edbyAmer i
canswer ebombedr esultedi nthedeat hof2and79Amer i
cans
206
wer ei njured. Li
by awasaccusedoft hebombi ng.Laterafter10day scompr i
sedair
stri
kesbyUSAhaski ll
ed40Li byansi ncludingt hedaught erofGaddaf ialongwi th
207
dest ructionofaUSpl ane.Ithasbeenst at edasanat t
emptt oGaddaf i
. Fol lowing
theUSBombi ngUNi mposedeconomi csanct ions.Inresultofthat,Gaddaf iturned
hissmi li
ng f acet owardsf orei
gn di r
ecti nvestmentand west ern count r
ies.The
furtherday scanbedescr i
bedast hegol denday sforcorrupti
onandexpl oit
ationin
Libya.Fol l
owi ngt heArabSpr i
ngin2011,Ci v
ilWarar oseint hesandsofLi bya.The
anti Gaddaf i
stwer esupportedbyt heNATOf orces.
I
deol
ogyandNATOPower
I
near li
erdays,Gaddafihasfoll
owedAr abNat i
onali
sm,andAr abSocial
i
sm.
Lateron,heshowcasest heworldhisownappr oachconsi st
sofAr abNationali
sm
and Sociali
sm whi ch i
spopularl
yknown as t he ThirdInternat
ionalTheory.He
proposed this sy
stem as the alt
ernati
ve ofWest ern Capit
ali
sm and Mar xi
sm-
208
Lenini
sm.
Mur
derofGaddaf
i
Thefatehadnev ershownmer cyint hedeat hofdi ct
ators.Butthosef at
esar e
whetherdeci dedbynat ureorbysomewel l-
developednat i
oni sami ll
ion-doll
ar
questi
on.Likewi se,
thedeat hofGaddaf iwasal sonoexcept ion.Av i
deowher erebel
209
fi
ghtersbeatinghi m andoneoft hem sodomi zi
nghi m withabay onet cr
acked
everyheartint hewor l
d.Everyvi
eweroft hatv ideogr antedsomedr opsoft eartot he
groundbeforej udgi
nghi m asgoodorbad.Thewayhepl eadedf orhisli
febef orehe
shothasal mostmel teveryheart
.ManyLeader sofEur opeanandWest ernCount r
ies
210
stat
edhi sdeat hasdev elopmentf orLibya. Thewor dsofHi l
aryCl i
nton“ Wecame,
WeSaw, Hedi ed”createdaninternationalcont roversy.

206
Erlanger,Steven,AGui lt
yi nfatal1986Ber li
nDi scoBombi ngl inktoLiby a,
https://www. nyti
mes. com/ 2001/11/ 14/world/4-gui
lty
-i
n-fat
al-1986- berl
i
n-disco-
bombi ng-li
nked-
to-
li
by a.ht
ml, Retri
evedonAugust27, 2020
207
Hi l
sum, Lindsey,Sandstor m Li
byai nthet i
meofRev oluti
on, 2012, I
SBN0571288057
208
St.John, RonaldBr uce,TheI deologyofMuammaral -
Qadhdhaf i
,Theor yandPr act
ice,I
nternat
ional
Jour nalofMi ddleEastSt udies,1983, Page.471-90
209
Mar ti
nChul ov,Gaddaf i’
sLastmoment s‘Isawt hehandhol dingthegunandIsawi tfir
e’,
https://www. theguardian.
com/ wor l
d/ 2012/oct/20/mummar -gaddaf i-
kil
l
ing-wit
ness,Retrievedon
August28, 2020
210
Sat t
er,Raphael,AtlantaNewsNow, ht
tps://
www. aj
c.com/ news/ nati
on-wor l
d/worl
d-looks-war
ily
-to-
1206420. html ,Retr
ievedonAugust28, 2020
Br
okenDhar
mas
WhyGaddaf ikil
led?Isheanaccusedorv i
cti
m?i thast oaccept edthat
Gaddaf iwant edtoempowerAf ri
caandwant edt omakeAf r
icafreefrom Doll
ar.At
thetimeofhi sdeathLibya’
sgoldreservewas150t onsandsameofsi lver
.Butaf t
er
his deathi tis nowheret o be f
ound.Who st ealthatis sti
l
lan unanswer able
211
question. WhenSaddam hasannouncedt heideaofi gnori
ngUSdol l
arintrade,he
wasaccusedast hevil
laintohumanity
,Samet hinghappenedatI r
anin2007.Sowhy
notinGaddaf i’
scaseal so?Thewor dsbyHilaryClint
onandt hewaysheexpr esses
thewor ldofGaddaf i’
sdeathdoesn’tseemslikeasav iorofhumanitybutactual
lythe
destroyerofhumani ty.
212
Also,CIAment i
onedAr abSpr i
ngwoul dt urnMi ddleEasti ntoChaos. I
ti s
clearand pr oved i
nt heirwor ds.Ifr eall
ya superpowernat i
on worri
ed about
humani ty,t heyshoul d hav e sav ed t he chaos notcr eating i
tagainstwho ar e
dest r
oyingort rytodest r
oyt heirprofit
.Af terhisdeath,Liby aisinchaosandst ruckin
thehandsofmaf i
as.Whatact iont hatsuperpowernat iontookt o bri
ng back
normal cyi sstil
lanunf indablet r
easur e.Thehi storyprov est hatwhenGaddaf igot
power ,henat i
onali
zedal loi lagenci eswhenher eal
izesi tasthemai nsour ceof
LibyanEconomy .Manyr efor mat i
vepr ogramsf orsoci ety,educati
onandcul ture.
Actually,Gaddaf iupgr adedLi byai nto apoor ernat i
on1969t o oneoft hehi gh
213
dev el
opingcount ryin2011. In2010, Libyahasgott hel i
teracyr
ateof88.4%wher e
214
i
ti s6.25%i n1969. Gaddaf iconnect edwi t
ht hei
rnei ghborcount r
iesandRussi a,
Cubawhoar etheCommuni stcount ries.At2011,Li byahadt hehighestGDPi nthe
cont i
nent .Sti
ll
nowt heopposer sofGaddaf i
,whower ethesuppor t
ersofthosesuper
powernat ionsareunabl etobr ingbackLi byaintonormal cy
Whetheritist hei
rinabil
ityorcoer ci
onfrom out ercountri
esnott obri
ngback
normalcyi
sonlyknownt ot heLi byans.Wecanexpr esslyidenti
fythat,thewellsaid
di
ctat
orwhor uledf or42y ear s,hasbr oughtandupgr adedhisnat i
oni ntoasuper
powerinhiscontinent.Yes,itisagai nsthumani t
y,becauseaccor dingt othatsuper
powerUSA,humani t
ymeansonl ytheAmer i
cansnotot herhumans.Ot herhumans
havegotnosoulsonl yAmer i
canshasgotsoul s.Unlessot her
wisethesest atements
aretr
ue,noperfectexplanat i
oncanbegi v
enfort hemur derofGaddaf ibyAmer i
ca.
WordsofHilar
yClintonprov esi tr
eal.
Thewel lsaidInternat
ionalOr
ganizati
onscalledforinv
estigati
ony etnormalcy
hasnotr et
urnedi nLiby a.I
sthatmeans, i
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l
yaccept edandr ati
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edby
thecountri
est hatonlysuperpowernat i
onci t
izensarehumansandot hersarealiens
and untouchabl es.I fnot ,normalcy should have been br oughtback by t he
peacekeepingf orces.UNOhasgotonl yUSAast heirmember .Whoev eragainstthe
USA,hast odie,

211
Let
sNev erForgetWhyGaddaf iwaskill
ed, Pambuz akaNews, May252017
212
AyaBatrway,I
ndependent,htt
ps://
www. independent .
co.uk/news/world/middle-
east
/osama-bi
n-
laden-
jour
nal-
arab-spri
ng-r
evolut
ions-
chaos-al-qaeda-
cia-a8035301.html,Retr
ievedonAugust28,
2020
213
Uni
tedNationsHi ghDevel
opmentPr ogram Repor tongr owthofLibya,2010
214
Li
byabeforeandAf terGaddafi,
htt
ps:/
/telesurengli
sh.net/
amp/ analy
sis/Li
bya-Befor
e-and-
Aft
er-
Mummar -
Gaddafi-20200115-
0011.html,
Retriev edonAugust28, 2020
 USAi
skil
li
ngt heper soncruell
yinpubl i
candbyt hepubli
cwhoev eragai
nst
them andtr
iest
odi sturbt hei
rprofi
tearning.Thewordpr of
itearni
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defi
nedasthenationexpl oit
ati
on.Whoev ertheper
son,tookactionagai
nstUSAi s
notgetti
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nanyfairtr
ialbutstrai
ghtawayexecutedinpubli
c.
Itisal sot obenot edt hat,ineverycol d-bloodedmur derbyUSA,t hecreation
ofRev olutionint hecount rywhi cht heytargetisacommont hing.Thehi storyproves
thesamei nI raqandI r
an.Howi tismostsi mi l
ar.Soi st hatworldhumani tysav i
oris
destroyi
ngt hehumani tyf ort heirowncauseandf ort heirowndomi nanceandf or
thei
rv eryownpr ofi
tear ningt echnique.Itiscl earl
yy es,butwhyanynat i
onorev en
theinter-gover nmentalor ganizationhasn’ trai
sedorr ai si
nganyv oi
ceagai nstthi
s.Is
thatmeans,t hecount r
ywhoi sclaimingt hemsel vest hedestroyerofdict at
orshipis
therealdi ctatoroft hewor ld.Thecount ry ’
sgov ernmentwhocl aimsthemsel vesas
theenemyoft er
rori
sm i st hesour ceoft err
orism.I sthatmeansi nint
ernat i
onallaw,
i
ntergover nment alor ganizat i
onandot hercount ri
esagr eedtoser vethecapi t
ali
st
superpower ?
Sy
rianCi
vi
lWar
ThecivilwarinSy riapromotesthenationast hehellofthiscentury.Syri
ai s
wellknownf oritsr
ichnessi noil
wealt
h.Iwouldl iketocompar ethecr uel
tyof8-year-
oldgirlbrutal
lyrapedandki l
l
edby5meni nIndiai .
e.,
AsifaUnhumanRapeCasewi t
h
theSy ri
an civi
lwar .Wher esixdeveloped nationsbr utal
lyexploited t
henat ion.
Amer ica,France,Bri
tain,SaudiArabi
aononesi deandRussi aandI ranonot herside.
Whenwedeepl yanaly
zet hecauseoft hi
swar ,wemayconcl ude,t
hedi f
ferent
iati
on
betweenSunniandShi aisthereasonbehindpr evail
sher etoo.Wecanf rom abov e
underst andthatUSAf avorsinthesideofSaudiandRussi aonI ranside.Russi a
shari
ngbor derswithSy ri
aandpr ot
ect
ingitsbordershar i
ngnat i
onfrom anotherwel l
-
developednat ion.
Hi
stor
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Af
t erOtt
omanEmpi re,theterr
it
orywasdividedasSaudiAr abi
aandI ran.
WhereSaudiisruledbyMonar chyandI r
anbyDemocr at
ic.WhenSaudibor
n,crude
oi
landit
sessencer eachedtheworldunder
standi
ng.Thepersonswhodomi nati
ng
cr
udeoildominatestheworld.
WhenSaudiisfoundwit
hcr udeoi
landmonarchy
,USAbecomet hei
rfr
iendl
y
nat
ionwit
hthemonar chi
alf
amily
.Thesamewasnotpossi bl
einI
ran.Syri
aisfi
ll
ed
wit
hcrudeoi
lresour
ce.Andi
tprecisel
yat
tract
swor
ldnati
ons.
The War ,Broken Dharmasand Dest ruct
ed Humani tyarel i
nked wi t
ht he
hi
storyofSy r
ia.In1963,t heSecul arSy r
ianRegi onalBranchcamei nto power .
ChangeofLeader shipcontinuesforsev eralyears,unti
lHaf ez-
al-
Assaddecl ared
215
hi
mselfast hepresident
.Hepr onouncest heone-partystat
eunt i
l2012. On31
January1973Al -
Assadimplement edanew const i
tuti
onledt othenat i
onalcr i
sis.

215
AssadsaysSyr
iaablet
ocameoutofcri
sis,
htt
ps:
//www.al
j
azeer
a.com/news/
middl
east
/2012/
05/
2012524113941282101.
html
,Ret
ri
evedon
Jul
y8,2020
Thi
s one al
lows a non-
Musli
m also t
o become t
he Presi
dentofSyri
a.The
gover
nmentmanagedt osur
viv
ef r
om numberofarmedrevol
tsdur
ing1976and
1982byt
heIslami
stsBrot
her
hoods.
WhenAl -
Hassaddi edi n2000,hi ssonBasharal -Assad,aAl wai tMusli
m
elect
edast hePr esi
dentofSy ri
a,uponhi sappointmentthehopef ordemocr ati
c
refor
msar oseint hatsoi l
.Butaccor di
ngt o hi
scr i
ti
cs,hef ail
edt o deli
verthe
216
democrati
creforms. Att hesamet imeAl-
Assadi n2017statedthatallopposit
ion
tohisgover
nmentar ewi t
ht hei
ntentofdest
royi
ngthesecularleader p217
shi
TheSyr
ianWari scurr
entl
yfoughtbetweent heSy r
ianArabRepublicledbythe
Presi
dentBashar-al
-Assadal
ongwi t
hdomest icandf orei
gnalli
esagainstthefact
ors
opposinggovernmentwi ththei
rdomest i
candf oreignalli
ances.Thewarandi ts
mot i
onswingsfrom the2011Ar abSpri
ngPr otests,gr ewdiscontentwit
ht heSyr
ian
218
Governmentandescal at
edtothearmedconf l
ict.
Xenophobi
a
Xenophobiacanbedef inedasanuncr i
ti
calexal t
ationofanot herculture
219
whichi sascr i
bed,anunreal
,stereotypedandexot i
cqual i
ty. I tisusualhappeni ng
i
nmi ddl eeastcount
ri
eswher et hemi nor
it
ycommuni typersonact sastheheadof
thest atewi thmajori
typeoplef rom anothercommuni t
y.Thef earorpr ej
udiceor
hatredorl osthumanitycanbet ermedasXenophobi a.Thesamef act
orprevail
si n
theSy rianCivi
lWar.Butwhethert hatphobiahadariseninthemi ndoft hepeopleby
ownori thasbeencreatedbysomeot herwell
-devel
opedsov ereignbodiesstands
aloneasanunanswer abl
equest i
on.
I
SISTer
ror
ist
s
220
I
SISst andsf orIsl
ami cSt at
eofI r
aqandSy ri
a. Itcanbedef i
nedast hedevil
t
h
bornoutofr eligionpolit
icsandeconomi calexpl
oit
at i
on.Dur i
ngthe18 Cent ur
y,Al-
Wahabpr oposedhi sIslamicdoct ri
neandmov ementcal l
edasWahhabi sm.The
221
fol
lowersar ecal l
edasWahhabi s. I
timposest hest r
ictimplementationofMusl im
customsasl aw.Theyspr eadt hewor d“ Decl
ari
nghol ywaragai nstEur opeansisthe
dutyofev eryMusl im”andnamedi tasJi had.Saudial waysi nhi
storyencour ages
Isl
amistBr otherhoodespeci al
lyaf tertheassaultont henEgy ptPresident .WhenUS
supportsant i
gov ernmentpr otestsi nSy r
ia,I
SISmai nlygetsbenef i
ted.USpr ovi
ded
notonlyfoodr ationsandpi ckupsbutt heyprovi
detraining,moneyandi ntell
i
genceto
222
Syri
anRebel s. TheUSmi ssilest r
ikeonShay ratAi r
baseon7Apr il2017canbe

216
Liam St ack,JDav idGoodman, Syri
anPr otestorsCl ashwi thSecur ityForces,TheNewYor kTimes,
https://www. nytimes.com/ 2011/04/02/ wor l
d/mi ddleeast/02sy r
ia.ht
ml Retri
evedonJul y23, 2020
217
PresidentBasharal -
AssadI nt
erviewwi thCr oat i
anNewspaper ,
https://l
eakof nati
ons.com/ presi
dent-bashar -al
-assad- i
nterview- with-
croati
on-newspaper -vecernji
-l
i
st-
syrian-ci
v i
l-
war ,Ret
r i
evedonJul y23, 2020
218
Sy r
ia:TheSt oryofConf li
ct,BBCNews, 11Mar ch2016, Ret r
iev edonJuly8, 2020
219
GuidoBol aff
i,Di
ctionaryofRace, EthnicityandCul ture,SAGEPubl i
cati
onsLi mited,Page.332
220
TheI slami cState,htt
ps://
www. r
and. or
g/ topics/t
he- i
slami c-state-
terr
ori
st-organizati
on.html,
Ret r
ievedonJul y28, 2020
221
LaoustH, ibnAbdAl -
Wahhab, Ency cl
opedi aofI sl
am, 2012, 2ndEdi t
ion
222
Goldman, Mar kMazzet ti
,Adam, Schmi dt ,Behindt heSuddendeat hof$2Bi l
li
onSecr etCI Awari n
Sy ri
a,https://www.ny ti
mes.com/ 2017/ 08/02/ wor l
d/mi ddleeast /cia-
syri
a-r
ebel-arm-trai
n-t
rump. html,
descr i
bed as t he f i
rstt i
me wher e US deliberatelyat tacked Sy ri
an Gov ernment
223
forces. I n2014,USAsuppor tedQat ar,whent hewor ldbel ievesQatari sfinanci
ng
224
theI SIS,butUSdeni esandpr otectedQat ar
. I SI Sgainedgl obalaudiencewheni t
drov eIraqigov ernmentf orcesoutofkeyci t
iesf ollowedbyi t
scapt ureofMosuland
225
SinjarMassacr e. ISISishasbeendesi gnedast hei nternationalterr
oristanda
threadt ot hehumani tybyUnitedNat ionsOr gani zati
on.Thet errori
storganizati
onis
226
wel lknownf ori t
sv i
deosonv arioustypesofexecut i
on. Dur ingthef ormat i
onof
I
SI S,iti spledgedt oAl -
Qaeda.I nJune2014,t hegr ouppr oclaimedi t
selfast he
227
wor ldwidecal i
phat e
I
nmi d-2014,anInt ernat
ionalCoalit
ionl
edbyUnit
edStatei
nter
venedagai
nst
I
SISinSy ri
aandI raqt hroughAi rSt r
ike.Andinaddit
ion,t
heyprovi
deweapons,
t
rai
ning and suppl
iestoI SIS enemies.Theseled t
ot hedestr
ucti
onoftensof
228
t
housandsofI SI
Stroops.
Uni
tedNat
ionsHumanRi
ght
sCommi
ssi
on
I
nJuly2014,UnitedNationsChi
efI nvesti
gat
orst atesthatt hefighter sfrom
I
slami cStateinIr
aqandLev antcanbeaddedt othelistofwarcr imesuspect si n
229
Syri
a. The Uni ted Nati
ons Human Ri ghts Commi ssion also states thatI SIS
dominat etheircivi
l
ians and thei
rliv
es t hrough t
error,indoctrinat
ion,and t he
provi
sionofservi
cest othosewhoobey .TheSexSl avewaswi delyusedbyt heISIS.
230
Femal esareusedastheirbor
n-slav
etothem andt oencour agetheirter
rorists.
For
eignI
nvol
vement
Theterm Foreigni nvolv
ementr eferstothepol it
ical
,operati
onalandmi l
itary
supporttot hecont estantsoft heciv i
lwar .Inf act
,t heSyri
anCi vi
lWarcanbe
perf
ectlydefinedast hepr oxywaroft hewor ldpower fulnat
ions.Wher eSy ri
an
Governmenti ssuppor t
edbyI r
anandRussi aandSy r
ianOppositionbyMi ddleEast,
231
US,SaudiArabia.From 2011, USspecificall
ytar
getsBasharandsi xotheroff
ici
als.
The actualr ebel
s are most l
ysuppor ted and encour aged t
or ebelagainstt he
governmentbyt hesuppor tersofthem from for
eignnat i
ons.

Ret r
iev edonJul y28, 2020
223
Acker man, Spencer ,SyriaMi ssleStri
kes: USl aunchesf irstdi rectmi lit
aryact i
onagai nstAssad,
2017, ht t
ps://www. t
heguar dian.com/ world/2017/ apr/06/ trump- syri
a-mi ssi
les-assad- chemi cal
-
weapons, Ret rievedonJul y28, 2020
224
Qat arandI SISFundi ng: TheUSAppr oach, https://www. washi ngtoni nsti
tute.org/policy-
analy sis/view/ qat ar-
and- isis-funding-the-
us.-appr oach, Ret rievedonJul y28, 2020
225
Ker r yassur esI raqisofUSsuppor tiftheyuni teagai nstmi l
itants,
https:/ /edit
ion. cnn.com/ 2014/ 06/23/wor l
d/ meast /
ir
aq- crisis/, Retri
ev edonJul y28, 2020
226
AShor tHist oryonI SISPr opagandaVi deos, https:/
/ www. huf fpost.com/ us/ entry
/ us_6846688,
Ret r
iev edonJul y28, 2020
227
Wi tnhal l
,Adam, IraqCr isis: I
SISchangesnamesanddecl aresi tsterrit
ori
esanewI sl
ami cstate
withr est orationofCal i
phat ei nMi ddleEast, TheI ndependentLondon, 29June2014
228
OncePr omi sedPar adise, I
SI Sendsi nGr ave, TheSt raitTi mes, 15thOct ober2017
229
UNmayi ncl udeI SISonSy riaWarCr i
mesLi st,TheBBCNews, 26Jul y2014
230
Rul eofTer ror:LivingUnderI SISinSy r
ia,UnitedNat ionHi ghCommi ssiononHumanRi ghtsRepor
t,
4Febr uar y2015,
231
Howt heUSmessageonAssadshi ft
ed,ht t
ps: /
/ washi ngt onpost .com/ bl
ogs/ checkpoi nt-
washi ngton/ post /how- the-us- message- on-assad- shifted/ 2011/ 08/18/ glQAfPZx NJ_blog.html ,
Ret r
iev edonJul y23, 2020
 TheGhoutaChemi calAtt
ackinSyr
iaat2013wassev erel
ycri
tici
zedbyt he
rebelsast heatt
ackbyt herul
inggov
ernmentwhichhascr uel
lykil
ledmanychi l
dren
232
withoutanyhumani t
y. TheUSsuppor t
st herebelandt henent er
edi ntodir
ect
polit
icalgame ofSy r
ia.US suspects Syr
ia used chemicalweapons.And t hen
EuropeanUni onall
owst hesaleofanyweaponsinSyriaaf
terthiscruel
at t
ack.
TheRussi anMi lit
ar yInt erventionst art
sf rom Sept ember2015, afteranof f
icial
233
requestf rom theSy ri
anGov ernmentf ormi l
it
ar yai d. Att heendofDecember2017,
Russi anDef enseMi nisterannouncedt hatRussi anMi li
taryhasel imi natedthousands
oft error
istsand48, 000oft hei rsol dier sear nedcombatexper ience.Accor dingt o
Amnest yI nt
ernati
onal ,InFebr uary,2016Russi anWar planesi ntent i
onallyt argeted
234
civi
liansandr escuewor ker s. I
n2016,opposi teact i
vistsr epor tedt hatRussi ai s
235
usingwhi tephosphor us. USof ficialscondemnst hathospi talsar eat tackedby
236
Russi anf orces. TheSy r
ianObser vat oryf orHumanRi ghtsr epor t
edRussi aAi r
237
stri
keshadki ll
ed1, 000ci v i
li
ansi ncludi ng200chi l
dreni nSept ember2015. Att he
238
endof2018.Russi anai rstrikescost s4, 000ci viliandeat hsi ncludi ng900chi l
dren.
United Nat i
ons Human Ri ght s Counci lf ort he f irstt ime i n 2020,di r
ect lylaid
239
responsibi l
it
yonRussi anWarCr i
mesi nSy ria
Br
okenDhar
mas
Syr
ianCi v
ilWarst artsfrom 2010,buti treachest hewor ldaudi enceonl y
during2016.Sy ri
ai sdomi natedwi thsunnyMusl i
ms, whenAl waitMusl i
m electedas
presidentel ectedaspr esidentoft henat ion.Ev er yonest art
edbel i
ev i
ngt hatt he
gover nmentsuppr essi
ngt hesunniMusl ims.Butwehav etoacceptt hatthisfact or
alonedoesnotl eadtogenoci de.Whenwel ldev el opedwor l
ddomi natingnat ions
camei ntopl ayt heirdomi nati
onpar t,thegenoci dehappens.UnderUSLaw,any
personwhoi shel pi
nganyt err
oristor gani
zat ioncanbet hrowni ntojail
,butact ually
theUSgov ernmenti sdoi ngandv iolati
ngt hel aw formanyy ears.Whoi sgoi ngt o
cont r
olthem orhasgott hepowert osay“ Don’ tdoi t”?IsittheroleofUNO, ifso, US
i
sst il
lhasn’ tagreedwi t
hi t?Ist hatmeansasov ereign,ifi
twel l-
developednat i
oni s
overpower edt hanani nternati
onal i
nter -
gov ernment alorganizati
on?
TheGhoutaattackwhetheri
t’
sdonebySy ri
aGov er
nmentoritisdoneby
someot hernati
onstoenterintopol
it
icalpl
ayandArmsMar ketofSyr
iai
sstil
la
questi
onmar k.Anyhow thebasichumani t
yisbroken,whenthesakeofpower
rest
rai
nsthethoughtofhumanit
y.
232
BlakeAar on,TheWashi ngtonPost ,https://www. washi ngtonpost .com/ news/ post-
pol i
ti
cs/wp/ 2013/ 09/06/whi t
e-house- l
ist
s-10-al l
ies-on-sy ria/
? arc404=t r
ue, Retri
evedonJul y28,2020
233
PatrickJ, McDonnel lRussiaLaunchesai r
strikesi nSy ri
aami dUSconcer nsaboutt ar
gets,Los
Angel sTi mes, 30Sept ember2015
234
PeterYeung, RussiaCommi tt
ingWarCr imes, https://www. independent .co.uk/news/world/middle-
east /
russi a-
civi
li
ans-war -
crimes- amnest y
-internat ional-a6887096. html,Ret ri
evedonJul y28,2020
235
Sy r
ia:Kur dscloseinonI SI
Scapi talofRaqqa, International BusinessTi mes, 26February2016
236
Russi anBombi ngHi t
sHospi t
al,Sydneymor ningHer al,Aust rali
aReut ers,30Oct ober2015
237
Edwar dRussi aair
stri
keonSy ri
anHospi talwasnoacci dent, Syri
anObser vatoryforHumanRi ghts,
2May2016
238
Russi anMi li
taryinSy r
ia,https://
airwars.org/ conf l
ict/russian- mil
itar
y-in-syr
ia/,Retr
ievedonJul y28,
2020
239
Borger ,Juli
an, Russiacommi ttedwarcr imesi nSy r
ia,findsUNr eports,TheGuar di
anISSN0261-
3077, 2Mar ch2020, Ret r
ievedonJul y28, 2020
 USdeclareswaronAl -
Qaedabutt heysupportthem,trai
nsthem.Why ,i
st he
quest
ion mark st
illcurv
es i
nt he presentday .I
t’
s notr i
ghtt o suppor
teither
gover
nmentorgov ernmentr
ebel
s.Bothpar t
iesandtheiral
l
iescrushedthehumani t
y
andkil
ledmanyandmanyoft heinnocentli
vesjustt
oshowt heirdominati
on.
TheInternat
ionalOrganizat
ionmayhav ewor kedincont r
oll
i
ngt hewar.But
thei
rpower sarenotenought or ai
sevoi
cei.e.
,realv oiceagai
nstthewell-
devel
oped
nati
ons.Ifitisabletor ai
se,lakhsandlakhsofi nnocenthumanbei ngswouldnot
havebeenki l
led.Syri
anCivilWarcanbeex pl
ainedi nplai
nast heproxywaroft wo
well
-devel
opednat i
ons.Butitwasnotacont r
ollableoneinthewor l
d.Ifnotso,how
i
nternati
onalpeaceandsecur i
tycanbeachievedi nourwor l
d.
USononesi de,i nthet houghtandi deologyofdomi nati
ngt heworl
dwithany
costdeclaringwaragai nsttheirnon-supportersandonot herside,Russiausi
ngt he
Syri
aasawarpr acticingandt r
aini
ngt hei
rmi l
itaryper sons.I tisanactofhumani t
y
exploit
edonbot ht hesi des.Ononesi de,nationsuppor ti
ngt hegov er
nmentwho
cruell
ykill
st hei
rownci ti
zenandonot hersideanot hernat ionsupporti
ngtherebels
againstthegov ernmentwhoar ethenat i
on’snon- suppor ters.Itcreat
esaconspiracy
theory,Doest hewel l
-developednat i
oncr eateasi t
uat i
onofwar zoneandwantedt o
destroythegov ernment ?Creatingamanmademar ketf ortheirweaponsandsuppor t.
Asitisnotanewonei nthehistoryforthatwell-dev elopedcount ries.
Ar
abRev
oltagai
nstMonar
chy
ArabSpr i
ngin2010canbedescr i
bedastheser iesofAnti-
gover
nment al
pr
otestsandar medrebel
li
oni
ntheAr abworl
d.I
n2010si thasbeenspreadamong
Li
bya,Egypt,Yemen,Syri
aandBahrai
n.WhichhasdeposedGaddafi,BenAli
,Hosni
Mubarak,Abdull
aSaleh.Ther
easonforYemeniCi
vi
lWar ,Liby
anCivi
lWar,Egypt
ian
Cr
isi
s.
Ar
abSpri
ngst art
edf r
om thesoi
lofTunisi
a.Therevol
uti
onwasstart
edbya
personwhobur nedhimsel f
,whenhewasdemandedbr i
bebyt hegover
nmentforhi
s
store.Thereasonwel lsaidacr
osstheglobeisstil
ladebatabl
eone.UShasmai n
domi nati
nghandintheAr abSpri
ng.Theinv
olv
ementofthenat i
oncanbedi
scussed
asfollow
Amer
icaandSaudiAr
abi
a
Thef oundationofdi pl
omat i
crelationbetweenSaudiAr abiaandUSAwasl ai
d
downin1933.AnI slamistMonar chyandt hecountr ywhoi scl aimingt hemselvesas
240
theDemocr ati
candSav iorofhumani tybecomeal l
i
es. Sincet heI IWor l
dWar ,
theset
wocount r
iesf i
tthemselvesast heenemyofCommuni sm.Saudisuppor tst
he
dominati
onofAmer icanmi l
it
aryintheAr abWor ldandf av oredt heoi lt
radewi t
hUSA.
Hencei nReturn,USAsuppor tedthemonar chi
algov ernmentofSaudiAr abi
a.The
bestproofofthisstatementi sthepolltakeni nSaudibyZogbyI nternati
onalat2002
241
whichfound51%ofSaudif oundUSAast hr
eat
. Dur ingt heAr abSpr ing,wemay
240
Si
monHender son,TheLongDi vor
ce,ht
tps://f
orei
gnpoli
cy.
com//2016/
04/
19/the-
long-
divorce-
saudi-
arabia-
obama, Retr
ievedonAugust29, 2020
241
Coredesman,Anthony,SaudiArabiaent
erst he21stCent
uryOpposi
ti
onandIsl
amicEx t
remism,
CentreforStrat
egicandInternat
ionalSt
udi
es, 2015,Page.11-
12
havequest i
ont hathow SaudiMonar chyalonesur vi
v edf rom r evol
ution.Isthat
meanst hedi ctatorormonar chysuppor tsUSAcani nfluencet hei rdomi nati
onal so.
Att hesamet i
me,weshoul dnotf orgetthestateofact ionbySaudidur i
ngv ari
ous
mili
taryinterventionsbyUSAi nv ari
ousIslamiccountri
esi nt henameofdest royi
ng
terr
orism.I sthatmeans,t hefavorofgov ernmenttowar dsr el
igioni sonlyt osatisfy
thei
rci ti
zensnotbyhear torsoul ?Thev acancyadv erti
sementf orExecut i
onersin
242
Saudicr eated an internati
onalcr i
ti
cism butnotf rom USA. Thi s and many
foll
owi ngev entsmayshow ust hemut ualunderst
andi ngbet weenUSAandSaudi
Arabia.Ithast obeaccept edaf terSalmannamedast heki ngofSaudi ,hehas
broughtmanyr ef or
mat i
vechanges.Buti tissti
l
lamonar chialcount r
y.
Thereasonf orUSAnotcondemni ngi tisacapi tali
stsecretbehi ndit.The
mur derofJamalKhahoggiwhocl aimedt heKi ngofSaudiasRussi anl eaderPut i
n
and many act i
vit
ies ofSaudit ol i
mitt he extremists duri
ng the Ar ab Spring.
Khashoggiwas br ut
ally mur dered when he wenti nside the I
stanbulseeki ng
document sf ormar ri
age.KhashoggiwasanAmer i
canci ti
zen,yetheki lledint he
sandofSaudi USAhasnotr aisedanyef fectivevoice.Former l
y,i
thastobeaccept ed,
thewel l-
knownI sl
ami cCount rySaudiAr abiabroket hehol yQuran.Asi ntenti
onal l
y
243
kil
l
ingt hebeliev
erasagai nstQur an Thi sact i
onbyUSAonceagai nmaypr ov
ethat
Amer icaisnotfortheirci
tizensbutf ortheirprofitanddomi nati
on.
Kor
eanWar
244
Afterthesur renderofJapan, thecount ryofKor eaf or medi n1945. USAwas
verykeenonobst r
uct i
ngt hef ormationofanycommuni stgov ernmenti nt hel andof
Korea.Kor eanwarspar kl
eswhenNor thKor eainvadedSout hKor eai n1950.Nor t
h
Koreawassuppor tedbySov i
etUni onandSout hKor eabyUSA,whenUSAai dsit
245
getst he suppor tofUni ted Nat i
ons Or ganizati
on al so. Justl i
ke ot herwar s,
Sociali
stgov ernmentwi tht hesuppor tofcommuni st
swasest abli
shedi nNor thand
Capital
istgov er
nmenti n Sout h.Bot ht he gov er
nment s al way s cont r
adictin
acceptingitsbor der.WhenNor thKor eanmi li
taryinvadedSout hKor eai n1950,UNO
wit
houtt hepar ti
cipationofSov ietUni onandChi nadi spat chedi tsf orcewi th90%of
246
Soldier
sf rom USA. Nor thKor eacl aimsar ound35, 000peopl ewer eki lledbyUSA
247
mili
taryin1950. Thewari nformal l
yendsat1953,bot ht hecount r
iesagr eedto
ret
urnt hepr i
sonersbutnopeacet r
eat ywassi gned.Thepeacet reatysignedi n2018,
248
wheret wol eadersmetaf termanydecades.

242
Want ed, Executioners: Saudi Arabiapl acesAdsonl ine, https:/
/www. ndtv.
com/ wor l
d-news/saudi-
adv erti
ses-for-
swor dsmen- as-execut ion-rate- soars-766483%f amp=1&akamai -r
um=of f,
Retri
evedon
August29, 2020
243
TheHol yQur an,4:93
244
BRMey r
es, Sti
lltheunl ovedRepubl ic,http://sthelepress. com/ i
ndex .php/2016/12/ 28/sti
ll
-t
he-
unlov ed-r
epubl i
c/ ,
Ret ri
evedonAugust30, 2020
245
Cummi ngs, Bruce, Korea’spl acei nt hesun: Amoder nhi story,WW Nor t
on&Company ,2005,ISBN
9780393327021
246
Pembr oke,Mi chael,Kor ea: Wher et heAmer icanCent ur yBegi n,HardieGr antsBooks, 2018, Page.
141
247
Kim, Dong- Choon, For gottonWar ,For got tonMassacr es-TheKor ean1950- 1953, doi:
10. 1080/1462352042000320592
248
Kim becomest hef ir
stNor thKor eanl eadert ocrossbor derintoSout hKor easincewar ,
https://www. reuters.com/ article/us-nor t
hkor ea-southkor ea-summi t-
crossing/ki
m- becomes- fi
rst-
Nor
thKor
ea
NorthKoreacanbedescr i
bedast hemostsecr etcountr
yint heworld.Before
Wor l
dWar ,thedomi nationwasshownbyt hecount rybycapt uri
ngl ands.Buti n
presentcentury,theshow ofdomi nati
onwasent i
relydif
ferentand intell
ectual
.
Chemi calweaponswer er eplacedbyeconomyandcompani es.Ast hepr oxyruler
,
Kimi lSungwasappoi ntedbyt heSov i
etUnionaftert heendofJapaneser ulein
Koreaat1945.Lat erheaut hori
zedt heKor eanwari n1950.Hewant edtomakea
Koreaasasi nglecount ry,thusi nvadedSout hKorea.Thet hronewast r
ansferr
edt o
hissonandnowhi sgr andson.Fol lowinghiselderkim’sdeaththey oungerKim Jong
Unast hesupremel eaderoft heNor t
hKor eain2011.I n2014,Ki m wasaccusedby
UNHRCf orcri
mesagai nsthumani tythatisexecut
inghi sownof fi
cial
sandbel ieved
tobet heassassinati
onofhi sbr other.
Sout hKoreawassuppor t
edori ndirect
lygetti
ngr uledbyAmer icaandNor th
Koreabyt heCommuni stCount ri
es.HumanRi ghtsareextremelylimitedinthesoilof
NorthKor ea.Ther eisnor i
ghtf orf reedom ofspeechandnomedi as.Existi
ngsol e
249
mediaal sooper atedbyt hegov ernment . Thei rcit
izensar enotal lowedtol eave
thei
rcount ryfr
eely,andnof or
eignv i
sitor
sar eallowedf reelyi
ntoNor t
hKorea.The
GeneralAssembl yofUni tedNat ionson2011madet her esol
uti
ononcondemni ng
NorthKor eaofitsgr avev iolat
ionsofHumanRi ghts.Withexempt i
ont otheKor ean
War,ther ewerear oundanest imat eddeat hof2. 1mi l
li
onv i
cti
msi nNorthKor ea
250
whichst atedint hebook“ TheBl ackBookofCommuni sm Pi er
reRi goul
ot. The
supremel eaderwasbel i
evedbyhi speopl east hegod.
NorthKoreaat tr
actedev er
yi nt
ernati
onalaudi
enceintestingthei
rnuclear
weapons,ir
respect
iveoft hewarningsf r
om othercountr
iesespecial
lyAmer i
ca.
Nort
hKor eahasanest imat ed35-
40nucl earweaponsandsuffi
cienttoproduce7
251
nucl
earweaponspery ear.
Sout
hKor
ea
When USA wasv erysur eon obst r
ucti
ng t hef ormati
on ofa communi st
government .SyngmanRheehel pedUSA t omaket heirobst
ructi
oncl ear.Hehas
beenappoi ntedast hef i
rstpresidentofSouthKor eaf rom 1948to1960.Rheewas
anant i
-communi standpr o-
Amer icani
sti
c.KoreanWarbecomesagr eattragedyfor
SouthKor eal eadst hem tor el
ymor eontheUSAai d.Hewasr eel
ectedi n1956and
modifiedt het wo-t
er m el
ectionr uleinconsti
tut
ion.Af terwar
dsin1960el ection,he
wasel ectedwi t
houtanyopposi tionashisopposi ti
onwasmur deredbef orev oti
ng
day.Thi s di ct
atorship was ai ded by USA and l ed t othe protests and Apr i
l

nor t
h-korean-to-cross-border-
into-south-
korea-since-
war-i
dUSKBN1HY01L, Retri
evedonAugust30,
2020
249
Nor t
hKor eaHumanRi ghtsConcer n,ht
tps://www. amnesty.
org.
au/news/comment s/
304/
Ret r
ievedonSept ember2, 2020
250
Rigoulete,Piere,Cr i
mes, t
error,andSecr ecyinNor thKorea,
TheBlackBookofCommuni sm,
Har vardUniversityPr ess,1999, Page.547-564
251
Nucl earWeapons: WhohasWhatataGl ance,
https://www.ar mscont r
ol.
org/factsheets/
Nucl earweaponswhohaswhat,Retri
evedonSeptember2,
2020
 252
Rev
olut
ion. Thi
srev
olut
ionl
edf
urt
hert
ohi
sresi
gnat
ion.Whenpr
otest
orsoccupi
ed
pr
esi
dent
ial
pal
ace,
hewassaf
elyf
ledt
oHawai
iwi
tht
hehel
pofCI
A.

Jej
uUpr
isi
ng

Duri
ngt heper i
odofRhee,Resi dentsofJej upr otestedagainsthi m andhi spro-
Amer icangovernmentf r
om 1948t o1949.I ntheupr i
sing,therewerear ound60, 000deat hs
253
wereoccur r
ed. Att hebeginni
ngoft heuprisi
ng,theislandwasundert hecont r
olofUni ted
StatesMi l
i
taryinKor ea.OnMar ch1949,USAsentani nv est
igati
onteam t oi nvestigat
et he
254
causeofupr isi
ng.Ther eportfi
nalizestheupr isi
ngasCommuni stI
nspired. Theupr i
sing
wassuppr essedbyt hegov ernmentf ormanydecades.Onl yin1998,For merPr esidentKim
DaeJung,st atedt heupr i
singascommuni strebell
ionandsomanyi nnocent swer ef al
sely
255
accusedandki l
l
ed. Aft
erNor thKor eai nvadedSout hKor ea,thousandsofwhower e
256
detainedonJejuUpr isingwer eorderedtobeexecut ed.

Gwangj
uUpr
isi
ng
Ther evolut
ionf ormerlystartedbyt heUniversit
yStudentsandl atershatt
ered
theentirecount ryandev ensomewel l-
dev el
opednat ions.Therewer earoundan
257
esti
mat eddeat hof2, 000. Theinci dentwasexpl ai
nedbyt heauthorit
iesast he
258
communi str ebell
i
on. Aspert her eports,themainr easonf ortherebell
ionli
eson
the format i
on of st udent uni on i nt he col l
eges and uni v
ersi
ties.Af t
er the
assassinati
on ofPr esidentPar k Chung Hee,l ef
ta powerv acuum and l ed to
i
nstabil
ity.Thenat i
on’sdemocr ati
cmov ementst art
edupr i
sing.
Br
okenDhar
mas
TheKor eanWarexpr essthewantofdomi nati
onbywel l
-developedcapi tali
st
andcommuni stnat i
onsov erothernati
ons.Pri
mar i
lyitcanbest atedast hepr oxy
warwher emill
ionsofi nnocentpeopleweredead.NorthKoreaisclaimingtobekeep
thei
rci t
izensawayf rom thewel lsai
dglobali
zat
ion.Buti nhere,isitnecessar yt o
sacri
ficehumanr i
ghtstokeepacount ry’
sdominationawayprov esthecruelfaceof
Communi sm.Communi stcountri
eswant edtoimplementcommuni stdemocr aci es
allovert hewor ld.Buti ncaseoft heNor t
hKorea,doest hatcommuni sm failst o
remov emonar chyorcommuni sm wantedt oimplementonlythecommuni stideas
notther ealethicsisaquest i
onmar ktowardst hecommuni sm.Thecl aimingof
upri
singr ebel
lionstrengthensthedoubttheonethicalval
ueofcommuni sm.
252
Remember i
ngt heApr il 19Rev olut i
on,
http://
www. donga. com/ en/ arti
cle/al l
/20100417/ 264838/1/Remember ing-
the-Apr il
-19-
Revolut
ion,
Ret r
ievedonAugust31, 2020
253
Cummi ngs,Br uce,TheKor eanWarAHi st
ory,Moder nLibrary,2010,Page.124- 25
254
TheNat i
onal Commi tteef orthei nvest igati
onoftheTr uthaboutt heApril3inci dent,
https://www. j
eju43peace. or.kr/r
epor t_eng. pdf,
Retri
evedonAugust31, 2020
255
LeKeeSueng, ht t
ps://n.news. nav er.com/ mnews/ arti
cle/
001/ 0000028398? sid=102, Ret
ri
evedon
August31, 2020
256
Hideko, Takay ama, https:/ /
www. newsweek. com/ ghosts-
chej u-
160665,RetrievedonAugust31,
2020
257
YeonahapNews, Transl atedfrom Kor ean,
https://n.
news. naer .
com/ mnews/ toar ticle/001/0001001551? sid=103,Retri
evedonAugust31, 2020
258
TVShowst arnishGwangj uhist ory ,JoonAng,
http://
koreajoongandai l
y.joins.com/ news/ arti
cle/
art
icle.
aspx? ai
d=2971886, RetrievedonSept ember
1,2020
 I
tisver
ycl earthatUSdon’ twantabi gpoweragainstt heirworlddomi nation.
Thiscouldbet hepr i
mar yreasonf orbreakingKor eaint
ot wo.I nordertokeept heir
dominational
i
v e,thereexistsanUSf avorablegovernmentinSout hKorea.Whent he
wholewor l
dthoughtAmer i
caasagr eatv i
llai
nandCommuni stast hei
rsaviors,t he
Koreanwarbringst hem toaconcl usioninanegat iveaspectt owardsthecommuni st
countr
ies.Theambi ti
onofbot hthepar t
iesist odomi natet hewor ld.Capi t
al i
st
wantedthewor ldintheirdirectcontr
olandCommuni stwant edthewor ldundert heir
i
deology.Thewayofdomi nationmaybedi f
ferentbutint
entionissimi l
ar.
USi srepeatedlyaccusi ngot hercount ri
esi nnameofpossessi onofnucl ear
weapons, buttheyhav enotrai sedanyact ionagainstNor t
hKor ea.Ithastobenot ed,
USAeconomi cbarrierdoesn’tdecr easet hepossessi onofnucl earweaponsbyNor th
Kor ea.“USi nvadedI raq,becauset heypossessnucl earweapons.ButUShasnot
i
nv adedNor thKorea,becauset heyr eall
ypossessnucl earweapons. ”Thesoluti
oni s
noti ninvadingthenat i
ons,butt obear olemodelf orit
.Ifreal
lyUSwant edtoabolish
nucl earweapons, theyshouldhav est ar
tedf r
om t heirowncount ry
.Iti
st r
ue,nuclear
weaponsar et hemosti mpor tantr easonst opost ponet henextwor ldwar.Butatt he
samet ime,inthenameofnucl earweapons, therear emanyexpl oi
tati
onshappeni ng
around t he wor l
di s an undeni able st atement.I nt he Korean War ,world has
under stoodUSAusest heUNOf ort heirpurpose.I sitUNOmor erel
iedonUSAor
USAi sdomi nati
ngt heUNOi sabr okendhar mai nt hewor l
d.Eitherinboththeway s,
humani t
yandDhar masar eany waycr ushed.
YemenWar
Si nce 1962,Yemen was undert he monar chialcontrolbyMut awakkil
ite
contr ol.Sincet hen,Yemenhadbeenbr okenasNor thernandSout hernYemen.When
thepeopl est artshat i
ng t hemonar chi algovernmentand want ed to br eat
ht he
democr ati
cgov er
nment ,ther eexistst hecr eati
onYemenCi vi
lWarf oughtbet ween
1962- 70bet weent hepar ti
sansofMut awakki
lit
eandsuppor ter
sofYemenAr ab
Republ ic.YemenRepubl i
cconsi stsofSoci al
ist
s,Communi st
sandNat ionali
sts.On
ther oyal side,Saudi Arabi
a, Jordan, USAandI sr
ael suppliedmili
taryaid259andSov iet
260
UnionandBr itainaidedRepubl icans. Af tert hesi xday swar ,Nasserf oundi t
diff
icultt o pr ovi
de mi li
tar y suppor t.By 1971,bot h Egyptand SaudiAr abia
261
disengagedf rom Yemen. Sout hYemenf ormedacl oseconnect ionwi t
hSov iet
Union.Af t
erthewar ,republ i
cansr uledt henationwi t
hconsul t
ationf r
om r oyali
sts.
Aftert hecol l
apseofOt t
omanEmpi re,Nor t
hernYemenbecamei ndependentand
Sout her nYemenundert heBr i
ti
shCont rolunti
l1967.Thet wocount ri
esar eformally
reunifiedasRepubl i
cofYemenbet weenDemocr ati
cRepubl icofYemenandYemen
ArabRepubl icatMay221990.Al iAbdul l
ahSal ehser vedast hef ir
stpr esidentof
Yemen,who i spr ev i
ouslyt hepr esidentofYemenAr abRepubl i
cf rom 1978t o
262
1990

259
Bei
t-Hallahmi, Benjami n,
TheIsr
aeliConnection:WhoI sr
aelarm andWhy ?NewYorkPantheon
Books,1987, p.
17
260
Sandler,Stanley,GroundWar far
e:TheInternati
onalEncyclopedia,
2002,P.977
261
Aboul Enein,Yousef f,TheEgypt
ian-
YemenWar :
Egy pt
ianPerspecti
vesonGueri
ll
aWar,2016
262
ThomsonGal e, Ency cl
opedi
aofWor ldBiography,2006,htt
ps://
www. bookr
ags.
com/bi
ogrpahy/al
i
-
abdall
ah-sal i
h/,Retri
ev edonJune29, 2020
Ar
ti
fi
cialUnempl
oymentbyUSA&Saudi
I
n2013,Nearly600,
000Yemenisweresentbackt oYemenf rom Saudi
,as
263
theyprocl
aimitasthecreat
ionofopport
uni
ti
esfortheirci
ti
zens. Whi chcanbe
consi
deredast hebasi
creasonfort
hewari n2015-present
.Yemeni sal
readyan
economical
lypoorcount
ry.Whensuchhugepopulat
ionsentbackt oYemen,t her
e
creat
esamassi veunemploymentpr
oblem.TheUnempl oymentproblem r
esult
sin
thewar.
Yemenhasamassi veoiloff
shore.Yemendependsmai nl
yontheforei
gnoil
company ’
spr oduct
ion shar
ing agr
eementwi ththe gover
nment.Itcontai
nsthe
264
provencrudeoilofover9bil
li
onbarrel
s.Oilpr
ovi
desaround90%exportsat2008.
Itisalsotobenot edYemeni sthelargestbor
dershari
ngcount r
yofSaudi.USA
supportedforSaudi
,whereRussiaandChinaindi
rect
lyf
orothersi
de.
Rel
igi
ousDi
ff
erent
iat
ion
Theworldexplor
est heYemenwaronl yast hewarbetweenSunnii.e.,Saudi
GroupandShi agr
oupi .
e.,Hout hiMov ement.Butwhenwedeepl yanal
y zet
heact ual
reasonbehi ndthewar .I tcanbef ound;thepeopleofYemenwant edawel fare
gover nmentand t hey rebel.Some i nfl
uence i
s dominati
ng governmentwhi ch
exploitsthepeopl
e.Whent hatinf
luencewant edtoconti
nuetheirdominat
ion.They
providebarri
ertotherebel astheterrori
st.Theconspi
racyt
heori
essaidso.
Publ
icRev
olut
ion-USA
Whent heHout hiMov ementr ebelagainstthegov er
nmentast heyareact ing
as the puppetf ora wel l-
developed nati
on int he ver ypr esentday .Thisr ebel
265
mov ementemer gedfrom Nor t
hYemendur i
ng1990’ sfrom t heHout hiTribe. Thei r
slogansar e“ Godi sgreat ,Deatht oUS,Deat htoI srael
,Cur setheJews,andVi ctory
266
toIslam” . Theybel i
ev et hoseconspi r
acytheories,WaronTer roristhewaragai nst
Isl
am,USi sunderi ndirectcont rolunderJews,1967at tackt ocutt hesuppor tf or
Yemen, USandEgy ptrulingmi li
tarycouncilri
ggedt heelectioninfavorMor sii
n2012,
USi ssecr etlybehindt heembol deningoft heIsl
ami cst ateofI r
aqandLev ant,t hey
arewor ldv il
lainandsof orI sl
am.Pr i
maril
y,Hout hisareagai nstthet henpr esident
Saleh.Buti n2014,t heyr epairedt hei
rrelati
onandt ookcont r
oloft hecapi taland
267
north.
Hout
hiOr
gani
zat
ionorTer
ror
ist
?
The Hout
himov ementfol
lows a r
eli
giousand nat
ional
i
stideol
ogy
.They
por
trai
tthemsel
vesof
tenast heprot
ect
orsoft henat
ionfr
om outsi
deaggressi
on

263
NewEv idenceonYemeni Retur nMi grantsfrom theKingdom ofSaudi Arabia,I
OM Onl i
ne
Bookst ore,ht t
ps://
publi
cat i
ons.i
om. int/books/new- evi
dence-
y emeni-r
etur
n-mi gr
ants-ki
ngdom-saudi
-
arabia,RetrievedonJune29, 2020
264
Mar ti
nPl aut,Yemenf acescr isisasoi lends,BBCNews, 20Nov ember2008
265
Hoffman, Valeri
e.Maki ngtheNewMi ddleEast:Poli
ti
cs,CultureandHumanRi ghts,Syr
acuse
Uni v
ersityPr ess,2019
266
Hout hiPropaganda, https://
engl ish.alaraby.
co.uk/engli
sh/comment /2015/4/12/houthi-
propaganda, Retri
evedonJune29, 2020
267
HumanRi ghtsWatch, htpps://hrw. org.middle-
east/n-af
ri
ca/ yemen,Retr
ievedonJune29, 2020
andi nf
luence.Hout hifounderwasmur der
edbyYemengov ernmentafterit
sf i
rst
anniver
sary.Hout hidemandsnotf orabr eakofcount rybutf orawellnati
on.They
againjoinhandswi thSalehandaf t
ersomet imehewasf ounddead.Theybel i
ev e
fi
rmlythatt hei
rgovernmentisthepuppetofUSAandopposet hepar
ti
ti
onofYemen.
Whent her ebelst
r i
edtotargetonthepresentPr esi
dentHadil.Hemov edtoSaudii n
safeguardofhi sli
fe.HouthishavebeenaccusedofI nt
ernati
onalHumani t
ari
anLaw
268
suchasChi l
dSoldier,
shelvi
ngciv
il
ianareas,forcedevacuati
onsandexecut i
ons.
Dest
ruct
ionofFar
ming=Ci
vi
lWar
Yemenwarcanbedescr i
bedast heWor ld’swor stWater,Sani tat
ionand
Hy gi
eneoutbr
eak.Thelackofpr opergov ernmentl ef
tYemenwi t
houtpr operwater
supply.Si
nce2005,Dri
nkingwaterbecomet ooexpensi veproductforYemeni s.The
YemenCi vi
lWarresul
tedinagreatshor tageoffoodandv eget
ati
on.90%oft hefood
269
requi
rementsaremetbyt hei
mpor ts. I tisrepor
tedt hatoutof24mi ll
i
onpeopl ein
270
Yemen, 13mil
li
onaregoinghungryand6mi l
li
onareatr i
skofstarvati
on.
Br
okenDhar
mas
YemenWarwasi ntentionall
yhi ddenbyt hecor poratemediast or eachthe
globalaudi
ence.Yemenshar ingbor derwi thSaudiAr abia.Saudiwheni tannounces
thewor l
ditsel
fast herichestcount ryofWor ldneverf orgottokeepYemenast he
Poorest.Event houghYemenl acksoi lresource,buti tpl
aysav i
talr ol
ei nthe
pathway ofoi ltranspor t
ation ofSaudi .The r evoluti
on of1962 changes t he
monar chi
algovernment.Wher everBr i
tainrules,thereal waysexist
st her evol
uti
on
betweenmaj or
ityandmi noritypeopl e.Thequest ionofsi mi
lar
it
iesinev erycountr
y
byBr i
tai
nremainsintheint ernationalpolit
icsofdomi nance.
Ther eligiousstrugglesbet weenNor thandSout hYemenwaswel lhandl edby
AliAbdul l
aSal ehwi ththesuppor tf r
om USAandSaudii nor dertomai ntaint hei
r
rout
eofoi ltradecl earandbet ter.AliAbdul l
aSal ehbecameadomi nantper soni n
NorthYemenwi t
ht hesuppor tf rom Amer ica,t hesameAmer i
cawhoi scl aimi ng
themsel v
esast hegov er
nmentagai nstmonar chyanddi ct
atorship.AliAbdul l
aSal eh
succeedi ncr eat i
ngtheunitedYemen.WhenAl iAbdul laSalehrefusedt opar ticipate
i
nwar ,Saudishowst hei
rcr uelf acebyr eturningl akhsofSaudiwor kingYemen
peoplet ot heircount ry.Whi chact uall
ycr eatesorl aiddownt hef oundationf or
Yemen’ spresentdaycr uelpov erty.Thewel lclaimingSav iorofhumani t
y,Amer i
ca
aidsSaudif ort hesakeoft het r
adenotf ort hewel far
eoft hehumani ty.The
conspiracyt heor ysuspectsthei nvolvementofCommuni stcount ri
esi nt her efusal
ofSalehi ntheGul fwarinfavorofAmer i
caandSaudi .Toprovet heabov est atement ,
Communi stfrom Sout hYemencl aimedf orasepar at
ecount ry
.
Theor
dinaryeyesspect
ateonl
ytheent
ryofmili
tar
yanddeathsofinnocent
butnotthei
nvolvementofworl
dnati
onsineverywar
.Wher ev
erAmeri
canpuppet
gover
nmentruns,ther
eisal
wayspover
tyandhighcor
rupt
ionovert
hecountry
.The

268
Cable:09SANAA2186_a,Wiki
Leaks,
2009,Ret
ri
evedonJune29, 2020
269
Yemen’ sEconomicColl
apseandImpendi
ngFamine,ht
tps:
//sanaacent
er.
org/
publ
i
cat
ions/
mai
n-
publ i
cat
ions/26,Ret
ri
evedonJune29,2020
270
ibi
d
i
ntroduct
ionofHouthiOr
ganizat
ionprescri
best
heuni
tedYemenwi
thper
fectci
vi
l
r
ights.Hout
hiwassuppor
tedbyRussia,I
ran.
Wor l
dmedi ashowcaset heHouthiorgani
zati
onasShi aMusl i
m andSaudi
al
lianceast heSunniMusl i
m.Butact uall
y,thewarwassett osat i
sfythewel l
-
dev el
opednat i
on.Everyhumanobser vestheYemenast hewarbecauseofRel i
gious
di
fferenti
ati
on and f ai
led to observ
et he invol
vementofAmer ica and Russian
gov er
nment sinthesoi l
sofYemen.I ti
scommoni neverywarwher eAmer i
caand
Russiainvolveinothernationswar .Wel
lDev el
opednationmaketheirmil
it
aryenter
othernati
oni nthenameofmi li
taryai
dandexploit
sitsnatur
alr
esources
Gl
obal
izat
ion?
Int heur geofgl obali
zati
on,arewef orgottopr otectourcul turalvalues?Ar e
wef orgott ol ov et hef ell
owhumanbei ng?Theansweri sabsol utey es.Noonecan
denyi t.Att hesamet i
me,wher eev eryhumanl ookgl obal
izationasaposi tive
concept ,manyhav et i
edt hei
rey esinr eali
zinggl obal i
zationasAmer icanization.
Amer i
cadomi nat est hewor ldinthenameofgl obalization.ItforcesAmer icanDol lar
as wor ldt rade cur r
ency ,wher eiti s act uall
y get ting printed by a pr iv
at e
271
organization. I nt hegl obaltrade,whichevert hecount rywhoi snotcooper ati
ng
withthepr of
itear ningt ermsordomi nanceofUSwi llbef orcedt ochaos.Theabov e
explai
nedhi stor i
calt ruthsandmanyot herfactspr ov est hisstatement .I tarosea
questi
on‘ Ist hatGl obalizat
ionmeansot herwayofdomi nati
ngt hewor ldjustl ike
thei
rengi neer edr ev ol
ut i
on?’
Consumpt
ionCul
tur
e
I
nt he presentday ,ev er
yy oungsteris att
racted byt he cult
ure ofUSA.
Consumpt i
on culture becoming a recenttrend.Ev eryone want
ed t o experi
ence
ever
ythi
ngi rr
espect i
veoft heconsequences.Thesoci etyandi t
speopl ear ev er
y
muchat t
ractedtot heappearanceratherthanthereali
ty.Thewayofl ivi
ngisusedt o
at
tainal i
festyl
ewi thoutanymor al
iti
es,ethi
csanddhar maev enwi thouthumani t
y
manyat imes.Ther emustbecutdi ff
erencebetweent radit
ionandcultureintheurge
ofglobali
zation and at t
aini
ng a consumpt i
on culture,thatcutdi f
fer
ence was
i
ntenti
onall
yper i
shed.
Theaim ofeverytreei
stoproduceast rongert r
eethanthem.Ther eshouldbe
somesi milar
it
iesont hi
sbet weenhumansal so.Buti nt hepresentday ,t
hewayof
l
ivi
ngischangedt oattractt
hemselves.Globalizati
onmakesAmer icaournei ghbor
house,butournei ghborhousebecomeAmer ica.Intoday’sgenerati
on,theai m of
l
ivi
ngwaschangedt oimpresstheworld.Thear tofl
ivi
ngwasget ti
ngi nfl
uencedby
thehazardousconsumpt ioncul
tur
e.
Thereasonforalloft heseli
esbehi
ndt heinter
nat i
onalpol
i
ticsar
oundthe
globe.Thei nt
ernat
ionalpolit
icsand dominat
ion happenswhen t herei
sahol e
exclusi
vel
yf orwell-
developed nati
on i
nthe internat
ionallaw.The law shoul
d
considerhumanit
yast hepri
mar ynotapi
eceofpapercal l
edmoneyandeconomyas

271
MaryHal
l,Whopri
ntsMoneyintheUS,ht
tps:
//www.
inv
estopedi
a.com/
ask/
answer
s/082515/
who-
deci
des-
when-
pri
nt-
money-
us.asp,
Retr
iev
edonAugust29,2020
pri
mary.Inthepresentday
,cor
por
atesect
orspl
ayadomi
nantr
olei
nmanyoft
he
devel
opingcount
ries.
Thebasicrulef ol
lowedbyev erycor porat
eandmul t
inationalcompani esi s
thattheycanremov etheirempl oyeesatanyt imeont hei
rneed.Thequest i
onar i
se,
i
st hosecompaniesar etrainingt hepeopl etogetusedwi t
hsl avery.Li
kewise,many
acti
viti
esandpr oductsbr oughtbymul tinational
lyl
ootingawayt heimagi nation
capacityofmanyy oungsters.I st hatstrat
egyal sousedast hepar tofi
nternational
poli
ti
cs?I nt
hepagesofhi story,wari nvolveswi thphy
sicalviolence.Butinfuture,it
i
sexpect edtobeinintell
ectualv iolence.Doest hatmeansinfluenceofcor porates, i
s
thestarti
ngpointofthati nfl
uenceordomi nati
onofcapi t
ali
stcount ri
esov erot her
countri
esandtreat
ingtheircitizenst onotr eali
zeasthedomi nat i
on?
Communi
sm v
.Capi
tal
ism
Thewarandi nvasionshappenedaf terIIWor l
dWari nev erynationaroundt he
wor ldist heproxywarofCapi tali
sm andCommuni sm.Capi tal
istCount r
iesint he
nameoft er
rorfreeworldi nv
adedordomi nat
edev erynationandatot herhand
Communi stnat
ionsinthenameofopposi ngCapi tal
istsandenf orcingademocr ati
c
gov ernmenti sdominati
ngt hewor l
d.Thepagesofhi storyproveasabov eincer tai
n
casesbot hthecountri
esstandapar tfr
om t hei
rideologiesandpr otectedtheiral
lies.
Itforcesust ocomet oanconcl usionthatCapitali
stcountri
eswant edt hewor l
das
theirslavesandCommuni stwant edthewor l
dassl avest ot
heirideology.
Capi
tal
ist
s
Thet erm Capi talistcount r
iesandcommuni stcount ri
eswi llneverincludetheir
ent i
renationci ti
zens.I ti ncludesonlyt hegov ernmentandt hepeopl ewhoar ebehi nd
thegov ernmentt omaket hem domi nat
et hewor l
df ort heirowncause.USA,a
capi t
ali
stcount r
ywhi chi swel lknownast hepar adiseforcul t
ureint hemi ndsof
manyhumans.Butr aci aldi scr
iminati
onandi tsroot sarespr eadev erywherei ndeep
oft heUSA.Thi sarticledoesn’ tdiscussaboutwhoi sher oandwhoi sv i
l
lain,butit
prescr i
best heessenceofast rong int
ernationall aw and t hehappeni ng wher e
i
nt ernati
onall awal ongwi thhumani tyburnal iv
e.USgov ernmenthast obeaccept ed
toomuchr el yont hei rcor poratecompani es.Thet heor yilluminatiarewi despread
amongdi ff
er entnat i
onsandaspect s.Whet heri tist rueornot ,buti thast obe
accept ed,ther acialdi scr i
mi nati
oni shighi nUSA,t hedomi nati
onoft hem inot her
nat i
oni sprov idingt hem ai dintermsofeconomyori nothermeanst othem andel i
te
per sonsbehi ndnotact uallyt oanyoft heirci t
izens,t heywant edt obecomet he
singlefaceoft hewor l
d.
Thehistor
ypr ovest hattheUSAact uallycreatesat error
istgr oupandlater
theyenteranothercount r
yi nnameofdecr easi
ngt error
ism enforcedt hei
rmili
tar
y,
creat
ingamar ketfortheirweaponsandj ustdomi natedthatcount r
y.Inmanycases,
somecount ri
eswer eexploited,
wheretherei snostronggov ernment .I
nacount ryof
capit
ali
sm,economyi streatedwit
hmor er espectt hanhumanbei ngs.Inwher e
capit
ali
sm fail
s,t
helifeisnotalwaysenti
relyaboutt hemoneyandl if
est y
lebutabout
thehappiness.
Communi
stCount
ri
es
 From t heabov eevents,weshoul dnev ercomet oaconcl usionUSAi sav il
l
ain
andCommuni st
sast heher o.Communi st scountrieswant edev ery
onet or espect
theirideol ogyast hesupr eme.I nwher eUSA i sdomi nat i
ont hr oughmi li
taryand
economy ,Communi st countri
es ar e domi nati
ng t hrough t heirideol ogy.The
compet it
ionbet weenbot ht hecount ri
esledmanymi lli
oni nnocentl ivesi ntodeat h
fornor eason.Howcomet heinnocentcit
izensber esponsi blefort hepoliti
calpl ayof
thegov ernment sandt heel i
tegroupsbehi ndit.Theset hingsar iseaquest ion“Does
alltheseev entsint hehi storypostWor ldWarI Itellsust hatRev olutioni san
i
llusi
onar yone? ”
.Rev ol
utionbecomesr evoluti
ononcei tinfluencesi ndividualt olove
othersnotki l
lothers.Ifanyr evolut
ionfor cesust oki l
lorhur tot hers,iti salsoa
weaponagai nstthehumani t
y.
Thereareconspiracyt heor
ieswhichsuspectsSovietUni
onandUSAwant ed
todomi natethewor l
dinnameofenemi esbutactual
l
ytheyarealli
esinr ul
ingthe
worldtil
lthebr eakofSov ietUnion.How deept hisconspir
acytheoryist r
ueisa
debatablepart.Butithastobeaccept edCapital
i
stswantedtodomi nat
et hewor l
d
by their economy and i ll
usionary undefi
ned,non-per
manentl i
festyl
et hrough
consumpt i
oncul t
ure.Wher easCommuni stcountr
ieswantedtodomi natebyt hei
r
i
deologyint henameofr evoluti
onandsoon.
Communi sm fail
s,whenever
ythi
ngi sownedbyst ateandeveryindivi
duall
ost
theirhumanityandbecomeausualwor kerli
keciti
zent oandfort hestate.These
meanst hestatement‘ Communistwantedt odominatetheworldwiththeirideol
ogy
ast heil
lusi
onaryweapon’seemst obef itandtrue.Aper soni
nt ermsofeconomy
willcl
aim communi sm whenhehasnot hingandwi l
lclai
m sociali
sm whenhegot
somet hi
ngandwi llturnint
ocapit
ali
sm assol esurvi
valandsupremesy st
em when
hehasgotmanyt hings.
Concl
usi
on
From t he above discussi ons and hi stor
icalpr oofs,we maycome t oa
conclusiont hatUSAandcapi tal
istcount r
iesandt heirpeopl esar ev i
l
lains.I four
thought str
av eltothatconcl usion,wear etheact ualper sonsagai nsthumani ty.The
exploi
t at
ionandar ti
fi
cialweaponmar ketwascr eatedbysomeel itepeopl esint he
form ofgov ernmentnotbyi tsciti
zens.Ithast obeaccept edthatUSAcr eatesa
terr
oristgroupanduset hem ast hei
rhi t
manandf i
nall
yt heywi l
lkillthem.I nt he
nameofabol ishingterrori
sm,t heywi lldomi nateot hercount ri
es,butact uallythat
terr
orism alsocr eatedandai dedbyUSA.I nt hi
spr ocessofexpl oit
ationwhet herthe
i
nternat i
onallaw i sactuall
yj ustapi eceofpaperorUSAmadei tast hepi eceof
paperi sadebat ableone.Butei thertheway , humani t
yiscr ushed.
Whatwillbr
inganendt oal lthesecruelti
es,whatt heor
yisexpect edtoresol
ve
al
lthesepr obl
ems.Doest hei nvent i
onofel ectr
icaltransport
swi l
ldemol ishtheoil
pol
iti
cs?Thenwhati ft heoilpol it
icsi sitsel
faf abricatedwayofdomi nati
ngthe
worl
d.Ev enift
heinvent i
onismade, howcomet heoilr esour
cefulcountrySaudiand
WorldEconomydomi natedcount rywi llall
ow thei nventi
ont oentert hemar ket.
Thesear eobstacl
esov erthere.Ifthesear enotpossi bletobri
ngmut ualpeaceand
cooperati
oninthewor l
d, whatwi llbring.Thequest i
onsbendi tsquestionmar khere,
whatwi l
lbri
ngtheinternati
onal peace?
 Theanswerwillbe“ Lookwi thi
ntheLif
ewithDharmai naboundar y
lessworl
d
andarmsf reesoci
ety
, atbestintergener
ati
onalr
elat
ionstoexpl
oitcorr
uption,
for
ma
properdif
ferenceofet hi
caltradit
ionandcultur
ewi llbr
ingi
nter
nationalpeaceand
securi
ty.
”
Int heabov ewor ds,‘Lookwi thi
n’thet erm explainsthedeepst udyofaman
himself.Thedi f
ferent i
ationamonghumansi nt henameofNat ionwascr eated
manual lytocontrolthepeopl eandt opr ot
ectt hem.Butwhenonenat ioni nthename
ofpatrioti
sm indir
ect l
yf orcesitsci ti
zenst oattackot hernati
onsci ti
zensi nthename
ofpr i
de,whenki ll
ingort ortur
ingt hei nnocentswer etermedaspat riotism.Itshoul d
bebur nal i
ve.Thet houghtofev eryoneashumanandneedofuni t
yi nhumani tyf ora
peacefulf ut
urebecomesani l
lusionar ythought .Whetheritwasf orgotbyusorsome
nati
onsmadeusf or gotisanuni dent i
fiabl
equest ion.Whennat ionswer ecreated, i
fit
i
sal onef ortheprotect i
onandwel farei ti
saccept able,butwheni tfor ceshumanst o
kil
loneot herandhat eot heri tbecomesanenemyofhumani t
y.Thef ormat i
onof
democr acywasst artedf rom thesakeofr ights.Notagai ntol edourwor ldtowar ds
thev i
olence.Butatt hesamet ime, i
thast obeaccept edviol
encei spr esentint hese
daysnotonl yinthef orm ofki lli
ngofpeopl esbutbyexpl oit
ingt hem f ortheirown
self
ishpr ofi
tpurpose.
Theill
usi
onofconsumpt i
oncultur
eshouldbeunder stoodbyus.Themaj or
cri
ti
cism ofInt
ernati
onalLawisi
thasnoenforcementauthori
ty.I
tlacksnotonlythe
l
awenf orcementauthori
ti
esbutal
sotheworldpeaceenforcementauthori
ti
es.There
shal
lbemanypl acesinever
ycount
rytopromotepatr
iot
ism oftheircount
rybutwhy
nottheinter
nati
onalpeaceandsecur
it
y.Whynottheeducat i
onali
nstit
uti
onsbyUNO
tocreateaunifi
edwor l
d.
Worl
dPeacei schal l
engedwhent her eiscorruptel i
tegov ernmenti nany
nation.ThecannonsofI nternati
onalLawshoul dbeef f
ici
entt oensuret her ol
eoft he
gov ernment.Thewayofensur i
ngbyI nternationalLawshoul dbebyt heirownhands
oflaw.Whi chevert hecount ry’
smedi aar et r
uthfultotheirmedi aethics,thereshall
bel esspossi bi
l
ityf ort hecor ruption.Ther ear emanyconspi r
acyt heoriesspread
aroundi nthepr esent-dayst atest hatI nter
nat i
onalMediasar eengi neeredbysome
elit
egr oupsoft hewor ld.Theconspi racyt heori
esalsosuspectdr ugsar et hemai n
reasonf ort
her i
seofv iolenceinanycount r
yandi tisdistr
ibutedwi t
ht heintenti
onof
violencebysomepeopl e.Thet ruthoft hoseconspi r
acyt heori
esi snotmeasur able
butt hecont r
olofar msanddr ugsar oundt hewor l
dmayr esultinsomeposi t
ive
i
mpactt owardsthewor ldpeace.
“Changealonedoesn’tChange”Inor dertobringthechange,wemustbet he
changetobroughtthechange.Theex pectati
onofchangewi t
houtourchangei sno
changebutmer el
yanexpressionofwor ds.Inordertoattai
nani nt
ernat
ionalpeace,
ever
ypersonmustaccesst hedet ai
l
soft hei nt
ernat
ionalpol
iti
cshappeningaround
us.Thehatet owardsthepoli
t i
csisthemai nobstacleinfrontofust owardsthe
peace.
Ever
ypersonar oundtheglobeshoul
dknow theaboutthecauseofwar ,
i
nvol
vementofothernati
ons,t
henati
onswhoarebenef
it
inginmonet
arytermsf r
om
t
hewar ,
andthewell
-devel
opednat
ionswhoaret
hecreatoroft
hewar.Knowledgeis
the mostpower fulweapon inthe worl
d.The t er
m ‘Wor l
d Peace Enforcement
Aut hor
it
ies’mentionedaboveshouldincl
udet heempower mentofgl obalciti
zens
throught heint
ernati
onalpol
iti
csandint
ernat
ionalhappeni
ngs.Thewayt hepeopl e
getsempower edbyt heknowledge,t
hewayt heygetupgradedintheirli
fewi t
ha
protecti
onf r
om exploi
tat
ion.
Atthesamet ime,theaim ofwell-
developednat i
onshoul dnev ergetfeedf r
om
othernat i
onsf at .Inthepr esentday,wemayaudi encet hat,onceanor ganizat
ion
call
edAl -Qaedat rainedandai dedbyUSA, ledt othefor mationofTal i
ban’s,I
SISand
manyot herterroristorganizati
ons.Theeyesi ghtofaudi enceshoul dbei ndet ai
lto
ensuret hepr i
mar ymot i
veofsuchor gani
zation.Thoseor ganizati
onsar eaidedby
Amer i
caandent erseverycount r
y.Theywillbet er
medasTer rori
stsbyAmer i
caand
theywi llenterthecount r
y,wher etheyprevailandAmer i
cadomi natethatcount r
y
witht heirmi l
it
ar ypower .Theabov ement ionedhi stori
calev idencespr ovesthis
statement .
We,shouldgetapr operunderst andi
ngofr eligions.Theaim ofev eryr el
i
gion
i
st omakeushumanst oli
v easpi ri
tualli
fe.Butnow,t hepolit
icalgamepl aywas
sti
mulated on thenameofr el
igi
on.Thepossi bili
tyoft hesest imulati
on exi sts
because ofnon- empower mentoft he respecti
ve ci ti
zens oft he count ry.Ev ery
rel
igi
oninsti
gatest hehumanst oli
v eapeacef ullif
enott okil
lothersandf i
ghtand
rul
eint henameofr el
i
gion.Thehi storyproves,whi cheverthenat ion,putf orth
rel
igi
onast heirbasef orruleofgov er nmenthasf acedmanydi fficul
ties.Thel ov e
towardsanyr el
igi
oni snoof f
ence,butwhent hatl ov etowardsapar t
icularr el
i
gion
tur
nsourt houghtashat eot herrel
igionsmeans,i ti sacr i
meagai nstthehumani t
y.
The reason foral lthe warhappeni ng inthe wor ldi sbecause oft he lackof
knowledgeaboutt hereali
tyamongus.Whet heritisf aultofusoritwasf orcedupon
byotherwell-
developednat i
onsisami ll
ion-
doll
arquest i
on.
I
nt heabov est atement ,wemayexpr esst hatAmer i
cai nwantofdomi nating
thewor l
d,expl oitsmanynat ionswi thoutanyhumani t
y.I fitmeanst hatenemyof
Amer i
ca,Communi stCount r
iesar etheher oes?TheCommuni sm expressesonl ythe
equali
tynotanet hi
cf ullli
fe.Thei ndivi
dualityofev er
yhumanl ostit
sway .Butst ate
canexploittheirci t
izens,i fcommuni sm becomet hesoler ulerofthewor ld.Att he
samet i
me, inthepr esentday ,thev i
ruswhi chshakest her ootsofev eryeconomyi n
thewor l
dhasn’ texploitedi tshomel and.I tmaybeduet oaccount abili
tyort hanks
givi
ngactt oit
smot her.Thepr esent-
daysi tuati
onmayhav eexpressedast hewarby
Communi sts on Capi t
alists and Ant i-Communi sts.Fut ure days maypr ovet his
stat
ementast rue.Wor l
dPeacedoesn’ tmeant hef r
eedom andpeacewi thinall
nati
onsbutwi thi nallpeopl e.Anon- violencei nf
luencedsoci et
ywi l
ldefini
telybr ought
peace.Thei nter nati
onall aw shoul dbest ructuredwi thl aw oflovenott hel oveof
dominancebywel l-
dev elopednat ions.Tr ut
handnon- v
iolenceshoul dbei tscanon.I f
ther
eisnov i
olence, therewi llbedecr easeinenmi tynotinf ame.
The proposi
ti
on ofAmer i
ca as“One Worl
d,One Dominat
ion,UnderOne
Umbrell
a”clear
lyexpl
ainsthei
rwantofdominati
onofthi
sglobe.Amer i
caalways
wantedto bet hesolefaceoft hi
swor l
dafterthebr
eakofSov ietUnion.The
expl
oit
ati
onofmanycount ri
esbyAmericacanneverbef
orgot
tensti
llt
hehumani t
y
exists.Howcanusexpect sapeacef ull
if
eundert heleadershipofsuchcount r
y?The
rol
e ofi nt
ernati
onalpeace shoul d be run byI nter
nat i
onalcooper at
ion notby
Int
er nat
ionalLeadership.Thepeacei snotamat eri
alsour cetobeachi evedby
l
eader ship buta spiri
tualforcecan beachi eved bycooper ati
on,ast hepeace
i
ncl udesabsenceofwar ,reli
gious,cul
turalandpol i
ticalpeace.Rat herthanthe
domi nati
ng formula“ One Wor l
d,OneNat i
on”whynott he cooperati
ng formula
“Boundar yl
essWor l
d”br oughtpeaceinthiswor l
d.Wor l
dneedsagl obalpeacelover
notagl oballeader
.
“Ifourpat
ri
oti
sm inf
luencesust
ohat
eot
hernat
ionsci
ti
zen,i
tshoul
dbet
hef
ir
st
onetoburnal
ive”
“
Wherev
erthehumani
tyi
saf
fect
ed;Let
’sbet
hef
ir
stper
sont
o bl
ossom and
r
esol
veit
”