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Simple Water Level Indicator with

Alarm (3 Tested Circuits)
Administrator

March 14, 2017 By 47 Comments

Generally, water stored in overhead tank is wasted due to over flow

,when the tank is full. Water level alarm using micro-controllers like
8051 and AVR are shown in previous articles.This article shows
simple circuits of water level indicator with alarm.

Three circuits were shown here are simple and built using
transistors, 555 timer and ULN2003 IC. First let us build a water
level alarm using simple transistors.

Water Level Indicator Using Simple Transistors

Circuit Diagram

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Components Required

BC548 transistors-Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4

Resistors R1,R2,R3,R4-2.2kohms

R5, R6 ,R7 – 100 ohm

Led – Red(LED3) , Green(LED1) , Yellow(LED2)

Metal Contacts – M1,M2,M3,M4.

Working

The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in

the tank: low but not empty, half and full but not overflowing.

When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an
indication that the tank is completely empty.

When water level increases and reaches M2, the contacts M1

and M2 get shorted as water acts as a conducting medium
between M1 and M2.

This will turn on the transistor Q1 and the Green LED starts to
glow. As the water level continues to rise and reaches half the
tank, M3 will come into contact with water and receives a small

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voltage from M1.

As a result, Q2 is turned on and Yellow LED will glow. When the

water in the tank rises to full tank, M4 is also shorted with M1
and both Q3 and Q4 will turn on.

The Red LED glows and also an alarm is made by the buzzer as
an indication that the tank is full and the water pump or motor
can be turned off.

Note:This circuit does not show a buzzer.Connect a Buzzer,resistor

and transistor in series and connect this in parallel to the last LED.

Water Level Alarm Using 555 Timer

Here is the circuit using 555 timer IC.

Circuit Diagram

Components Required

NE555 Timer

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Resistors
R1,R4-1K

R2-22k

R3-570 Ohm

Capacitor- 1UF

Buzzer

Connecting wires

Working

The circuit uses a 555 timer in astable mode with R1=22k ohms,
R2= 570 ohms and C1=1 uF. The frequency of the given astable
circuit is around 62 Hz.

The two probes which are shown in the circuit should be kept at the
high level for the water. The distance between the probes should be
less than a few centimetres to ensure that the conduction between
the probes will take place when water is touched to these probes.

When the water level rises to the height of the probes, then the 555
circuit will get enabled and the output of the 555 timer produces a
square wave output with a frequency of about 62 Hz. This output is
given to the buzzer.

The logic Implemented in this circuit is, 555 timer is enabled when
its reset pin is connected to logic high. But initially it is connected to
ground. When the water level is maximum this pin is enabled and

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this drives the 555 timer into astable mode.

Water Level Indicator and Alarm Using ULN2003

One can implement this circuit using simple ULN2003 IC.IC

ULN2003 consists of an array of seven Darlington transistor pairs.

Circuit Diagram

Components Required

L1-L3-LEDs

R1-R3-1k ohm

M1-M7-Metal Contacts

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ULN2003 IC

Working

This circuit can be used to indicate three levels of water in tanks.

When metal contact is reached ,each Led starts glowing.

When the tank is full buzzer starts ringing along with this all
LEDs are ON.

Also Read the Post: Water Level Indicator Using AVR

Microcontroller

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