Republic of the Philippines

Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

Commission on Higher Education
ILLANA BAY INTEGRATED COMPUTER COLLEGE, INC.
Tomawis Building, Poblacion I,Parang,Maguindanao
Telephone Number: (064) 425-0257; email: [email protected]

PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
MATH 2

MODULE 1
Angles: Basic Concepts (Part I)

RANNIA J. ABAD
CS Instructress
 MODULE 1
Angles: Basic Concepts (Part I)

I. INTRODUCTION
Trigonometry, the branch of mathematics concerned with specific functions of angles and
their application to calculations. There are six functions of an angle commonly used in
trigonometry. Their names and abbreviations are sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan), cotangent
(cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (csc). These six trigonometric functions in relation to a right
triangle are displayed in the figure. For example, the triangle contains an angle A, and the ratio
of the side opposite to A and the side opposite to the right angle (the hypotenuse) is called the
sine of A, or sin A; the other trigonometry functions are defined similarly. These functions are
properties of the angle A independent of the size of the triangle, and calculated values were
tabulated for many angles before computers made trigonometry tables obsolete. Trigonometric
functions are used in obtaining unknown angles and distances from known or measured angles in
geometric figures.
II. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this module, students should be able to:
a. Define angle, identify units used in expressing angles and Types of angle; and
b. to convert degrees to radians and vice-versa.

III. LECTURE/DISCUSSION

Angle

Whenever two lines intersect at a point, the opening between the lines is called an angle.
The intersection of two streets and the gable of a roof are practical examples of angles.

a. Degree
 It is usually denoted as o (symbol for degree).
 It represents 1/360 of full rotation.
 It is the most common unit of angle.

b. Radian
 It is the standard unit of angular measure commonly denoted as rad.
 It is the central angle formed when the subtended arc is equivalent to the radius of
a circle.

c. Grad
 It is sometimes called as gon, grade or gradian.
 It is equivalent to 1/400 of a full circle.
 1 grad = 9/10 degree or 1 grad = n/200 rad

d. Minute
 It is equivalent to 1/60 of a degree.
 e. Second
 It is equivalent to 1/60 of a minute or 1/3600 of a degree.

f. Mil
 It is expressed as mil or angular mil.
 1/6400 of a circle.

Types of Angles
A. Based on Magnitude

B. Based on Relationship

When two lines or line segments intersect, they form two pairs of vertical angles.
When two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, complex angle relationships
form, such as alternating interior angles, corresponding angles, and so on.

Being able to spot angle relationships, and confidently find congruent angles
when lines intersect, will make you a better, geometry student. You will solve complex
problems faster when you are thoroughly familiar with all the types of angle
relationships.
 a. Complementary Angles – two angles having a sum of 90 degrees.

Complementary angles can be placed so they

form perpendicular lines, or they may be two
separate angles.

∠1 and ∠2 are complementary.

∠P and ∠Q are complementary.

b. Supplementary angles – two angles forming a straight line or two angles

having a sum of 180 degrees.

.
Supplementary angles can be placed so they form a
linear pair (straight line), or they may be two
separate angles.
∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary.
∠P and ∠Q are supplementary.

The line through points A, B and C is a straight line.

C. Based on Rotation.
An angle of rotation is the measure of the amount that a figure is rotated about a
fixed point called a point of rotation.

a. Positive angle – angle formed by rotating a ray in a counterclockwise manner.

b. Negative angle – angle formed by rotating a ray in a clockwise manner.
Conversion of Angles
There are two commonly used units of measurement for angles. The more familiar unit of
measurement is that of degrees. A circle is divided into 360 equal degrees, so that a right angle is
90°. For the time being, we’ll only consider angles between 0° and 360°, but later, in the section
on trigonometric functions, we’ll consider angles greater than 360° and negative angles.
The other common measurement for angles is radians. For this measurement, consider the
unit circle (a circle of radius 1) whose center is the vertex of the angle in question. Then the angle
cuts off an arc of the circle, and the length of that arc is the radian measure of the angle. It is easy
to convert between degree measurement and radian measurement. The circumference of the entire
circle is 2π, so it follows that 360° equals 2π radians.

 Converting Angle from Degrees to Radian

π
θ ( ¿ radian )=θ ( ¿ degrees ) x
180 ˚

The measure of an angle is determined by the amount of rotation from the initial side to
the terminal side.  In radians, one complete counterclockwise revolution is 2π and in degrees, one
complete counterclockwise revolution is 360°.  So, degree measure and radian measure are
related by the equations.

360°=2π radians

and

180°=π radians

 Converting angle from radian to degree

180 ˚
θ ( ¿ degree ) =θ ( ¿ radian) x
π
The measure of an angle is determined by the amount of rotation from the initial side to
the terminal side.  In radians, one complete counterclockwise revolution is 2π and in degrees, one
complete counterclockwise revolution is 360°. So, degree measure and radian measure are
related by the equations.
360°=2π radians

And

180°=π radians
  Converting angle from degrees to degree-minute-second
- Decimal degrees to degrees (°), minutes ('), seconds ('').

Table of Conversion

1 degree = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

1 degree = 3600 seconds

Example: Convert decimal degrees 156.742 to degrees minutes seconds

 The whole number is degrees. So 156.742 gives you 156 degrees.

 Multiply the remaining decimal by 60.
0.742*60 = 44.52, so the whole number 44 equals minutes.
 Multiply the remaining decimal by 60.
0.52*60 = 31.2, so the whole number 31 equals seconds.
 Decimal degrees 156.742 converts to 156 degrees, 44 minutes and 31 seconds, or 156°
44' 31".
 Be sure to follow math rules of rounding when calculating seconds by hand. If your
resulting seconds is something like 31.9 you may round up to 32.

IV. Resource Materials:

Modular
Online Platforms

V. References:
Plane Trigonometry, Joy N. Carpio and jaymie M. Guillermo

Prepared by:

RANNIA J. ABAD
CS Instructress

Checked and Verified by: Approved by:

CHRISTOPHER B. ENGADA ABEGAEL B. BILLOSO, RN, MSciEd

Head of Computer Studies Department Head of Academic Affairs