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PAD FOOTING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN (BS8110-1:1997)

Tedds calculation version 2.0.07

Pad footing details

Length of pad footing; L = 1500 mm
Width of pad footing ; B = 1500 mm
Area of pad footing; A = L  B = 2.250 m 2
Depth of pad footing; h = 300 mm
Depth of soil over pad footing; hsoil = 0 mm
Density of concrete; conc = 23.6 kN/m 3

Column details
Column base length; lA = 300 mm
Column base width; bA = 300 mm
Column eccentricity in x; ePxA = 0 mm
Column eccentricity in y; ePyA = 0 mm
Soil details
Density of soil; soil = 20.0 kN/m 3
Design shear strength; ’ = 25.0 deg
Design base friction;  = 19.3 deg
Allowable bearing pressure; Pbearing = 225 kN/m 2
Axial loading on column
Dead axial load on column; PGA = 390.5 kN
Imposed axial load on column; PQA = 85.3 kN
Wind axial load on column; PWA = 0.0 kN
Total axial load on column; PA = 475.7 kN
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Foundation loads
Dead surcharge load; FGsur = 0.000 kN/m 2
Imposed surcharge load; FQsur = 0.000 kN/m 2
Pad footing self weight; Fswt = h  conc = 7.080 kN/m 2
Soil self weight; Fsoil = hsoil  soil = 0.000 kN/m 2
Total foundation load; F = A  (FGsur + FQsur + Fswt + Fsoil) = 15.9 kN

Moment on column base

Dead moment on column in x direction; MGxA = 2.510 kNm
Imposed moment on column in x direction; MQxA = 0.554 kNm
Wind moment on column in x direction; MWxA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in x direction; MxA = 3.064 kNm
Dead moment on column in y direction; MGyA = -0.212 kNm
Imposed moment on column in y direction; MQyA = 0.140 kNm
Wind moment on column in y direction; MWyA = 0.000 kNm
Total moment on column in y direction; MyA = -0.072 kNm
Check stability against overturning in x direction
Total overturning moment; MxOT = MxA + HxA  h = 3.064 kNm

Restoring moment in x direction

Foundation loading; Mxsur = A  (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil)  L / 2 = 11.948 kNm
Axial loading on column; Mxaxial = (PGA)  (L / 2 - ePxA) = 292.844 kNm
Total restoring moment; Mxres = Mxsur + Mxaxial = 304.791 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the x direction
Check stability against overturning in y direction
Total overturning moment; MyOT = MyA + HyA  h = -0.072 kNm

Restoring moment in y direction

Foundation loading; Mysur = A  (FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil)  B / 2 = 11.948 kNm
Axial loading on column; Myaxial = (PGA)  (B / 2 + ePyA) = 292.844 kNm
Total restoring moment; Myres = Mysur + Myaxial = 304.791 kNm
PASS - Overturning safety factor exceeds the minimum of 1.5 in the y direction
Calculate pad base reaction
Total base reaction; T = F + PA = 491.7 kN
Eccentricity of base reaction in x; eTx = (PA  ePxA + MxA + HxA  h) / T = 6 mm
Eccentricity of base reaction in y ; eTy = (PA  ePyA + MyA + HyA  h) / T = -0 mm

Check pad base reaction eccentricity

abs(eTx) / L + abs(e Ty) / B = 0.004
Base reaction acts within combined middle third of base
Calculate pad base pressures
q1 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 213.199 kN/m 2
q2 = T / A - 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 212.942 kN/m 2
q3 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) - 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 224.094 kN/m 2
q4 = T / A + 6  T  eTx / (L  A) + 6  T  eTy / (B  A) = 223.837 kN/m 2
Minimum base pressure; qmin = min(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 212.942 kN/m 2
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Maximum base pressure; qmax = max(q1, q2, q3, q4) = 224.094 kN/m 2
PASS - Maximum base pressure is less than allowable bearing pressure

Partial safety factors for loads

Partial safety factor for dead loads; fG = 1.40
Partial safety factor for imposed loads; fQ = 1.60
Partial safety factor for wind loads; fW = 0.00

Ultimate axial loading on column

Ultimate axial load on column; PuA = PGA  fG + PQA  fQ + PWA  fW = 683.1 kN

Ultimate foundation loads

Ultimate foundation load; Fu = A  [(FGsur + Fswt + Fsoil)  fG + FQsur  fQ] = 22.3 kN

Ultimate horizontal loading on column

Ultimate horizontal load in x direction; HxuA = HGxA  fG + HQxA  fQ + HWxA  fW = 0.0 kN
Ultimate horizontal load in y direction; HyuA = HGyA  fG + HQyA  fQ + HWyA  fW = 0.0 kN

Ultimate moment on column

Ultimate moment on column in x direction; MxuA = MGxA  fG + MQxA  fQ + MWxA  fW = 4.401 kNm
Ultimate moment on column in y direction; MyuA = MGyA  fG + MQyA  fQ + MWyA  fW = -0.073 kNm

Calculate ultimate pad base reaction

Ultimate base reaction; Tu = Fu + PuA = 705.4 kN
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in x; eTxu = (PuA  ePxA + MxuA + HxuA  h) / Tu = 6 mm
Eccentricity of ultimate base reaction in y ; eTyu = (PuA  ePyA + MyuA + HyuA  h) / Tu = -0 mm

Calculate ultimate pad base pressures

q1u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 305.813 kN/m 2
q2u = Tu/A - 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6Tu eTyu/(BA) = 305.551 kN/m 2
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q3u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) - 6TueTyu/(BA) = 321.460 kN/m 2

q4u = Tu/A + 6TueTxu/(LA) + 6TueTyu/(BA) = 321.198 kN/m 2
Minimum ultimate base pressure; qminu = min(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 305.551 kN/m 2
Maximum ultimate base pressure; qmaxu = max(q1u, q2u, q3u, q4u) = 321.460 kN/m 2
Calculate rate of change of base pressure in x direction
Left hand base reaction; fuL = (q1u + q2u)  B / 2 = 458.523 kN/m
Right hand base reaction; fuR = (q3u + q4u)  B / 2 = 481.993 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Lx = L = 1500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cx = (fuR - fuL) / Lx = 15.647 kN/m/m
Calculate pad lengths in x direction
Left hand length; LL = L / 2 + e PxA = 750 mm
Right hand length; LR = L / 2 - ePxA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in x direction
Ultimate moment in x direction; Mx = fuL  LL2 / 2 + Cx  LL3 / 6 - Fu  LL2 / (2  L) + MxuA = 130.279 kNm

Calculate rate of change of base pressure in y direction

Top edge base reaction; fuT = (q2u + q4u)  L / 2 = 470.062 kN/m
Bottom edge base reaction; fuB = (q1u + q3u)  L / 2 = 470.454 kN/m
Length of base reaction; Ly = B = 1500 mm
Rate of change of base pressure; Cy = (fuB - fuT) / Ly = 0.261 kN/m/m

Calculate pad lengths in y direction

Top length; LT = B / 2 - ePyA = 750 mm
Bottom length; LB = B / 2 + ePyA = 750 mm
Calculate ultimate moments in y direction
Ultimate moment in y direction; My = fuT  LT2 / 2 + Cy  LT3 / 6 - Fu  LT2 / (2  B) - MyuA = 128.115 kNm

Material details
Characteristic strength of concrete; fcu = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 250 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of shear reinforcement; fyv = 250 N/mm2
Nominal cover to reinforcement; cnom = 50 mm
Moment design in x direction
Diameter of tension reinforcement; xB = 16 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dx = h - cnom - xB / 2 = 242 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Kx = Mx / (B  dx2  fcu) = 0.059
Kx’ = 0.156
Kx < Kx' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zx = dx  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Kx / 0.9)], 0.95) = 225 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_x_req = Mx / (0.87  fy  zx) = 2664 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_x_min = 0.0024  B  h = 1080 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 14 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (100 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_xB_prov = NxB    xB2 / 4 = 2815 mm 2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
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Moment design in y direction

Diameter of tension reinforcement; yB = 16 mm
Depth of tension reinforcement; dy = h - cnom - xB - yB / 2 = 226 mm

Design formula for rectangular beams (cl 3.4.4.4)

Ky = My / (L  dy2  fcu) = 0.067
Ky’ = 0.156
Ky < Ky' compression reinforcement is not required
Lever arm; zy = dy  min([0.5 + (0.25 - Ky / 0.9)], 0.95) = 208 mm
Area of tension reinforcement required; As_y_req = My / (0.87  fy  zy) = 2836 mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement; As_y_min = 0.0024  L  h = 1080 mm2
Tension reinforcement provided; 15 No. 16 dia. bars bottom (100 centres)
Area of tension reinforcement provided; As_yB_prov = NyB    yB2 / 4 = 3016 mm 2
PASS - Tension reinforcement provided exceeds tension reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate shear force at d from bottom face of column
Ultimate pressure for shear; qsu = (q3u - Cy  (B / 2 + ePyA - bA / 2 - dy) / L + q1u) / 2
qsu = 313.604 kN/m 2
Area loaded for shear; As = L  (B / 2 + ePyA - bA / 2 - dy) = 0.561 m 2
Ultimate shear force; Vsu = As  (qsu - Fu / A) = 170.371 kN

Shear stresses at d from bottom face of column (cl 3.5.5.2)

Design shear stress; vsu = Vsu / (L  dy) = 0.503 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  As_yB_prov / (L  dy)]1/3)  max((400 mm /
dy)1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 / 1.25 = 0.701 N/mm 2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8 N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vsu < vc - No shear reinforcement required
Calculate ultimate punching shear force at face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA = q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2)+(lA)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2)+(bA)/2]Cy/L =
313.505 kN/m2
Average effective depth of reinforcement ; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 234 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA = (lA)(bA) = 0.090 m 2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA = 2(lA)+2(bA) = 1200 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA)  ApA = 655.762 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuAeff = VpuA[1+1.5abs(MxuA)/(VpuA(bA))+1.5abs(MyuA)/(VpuA(lA))] =
678.133 kN
Punching shear stresses at face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA = VpuAeff / (upA  d) = 2.415 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - Design shear stress is less than allowable design shear stress
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Calculate ultimate punching shear force at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column
Ultimate pressure for punching shear; qpuA1.5d =
q1u+[(L/2+ePxA-lA/2-1.5d)+(lA+21.5d)/2]Cx/B-[(B/2+ePyA-bA/2-1.5d)+(bA
+21.5d)/2]Cy/L = 313.505 kN/m 2
Average effective depth of reinforcement ; d = (dx + dy) / 2 = 234 mm
Area loaded for punching shear at column; ApA1.5d = (lA+21.5d)(bA+21.5d) = 1.004 m 2
Length of punching shear perimeter; upA1.5d = 2(lA+21.5d)+2(bA+21.5d) = 4008 mm
Ultimate shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5d = PuA + (Fu / A - qpuA1.5d)  ApA1.5d = 378.276 kN
Effective shear force at shear perimeter; VpuA1.5deff =
VpuA1.5d[1+1.5abs(MxuA)/(VpuA1.5d(bA+21.5d))+1.5abs(MyuA)/(VpuA1.5d(l
A+21.5d))] = 384.974 kN

Punching shear stresses at perimeter of 1.5 d from face of column (cl 3.7.7.2)
Design shear stress; vpuA1.5d = VpuA1.5deff / (upA1.5d  d) = 0.410 N/mm2

From BS 8110:Part 1:1997 - Table 3.8

Design concrete shear stress; vc = 0.79 N/mm2  min(3, [100  (As_xB_prov / (B  dx) + As_yB_prov / (L  dy)) /
2]1/3)  max((800 mm / (dx + dy))1/4, 0.67)  (min(fcu / 1 N/mm2, 40) / 25)1/3 /
1.25 = 0.680 N/mm2
Allowable design shear stress; vmax = min(0.8N/mm2  (fcu / 1 N/mm2), 5 N/mm2) = 4.000 N/mm2
PASS - vpuA1.5d < vc - No shear reinforcement required