Review Innovations CE Review November 2022 – Analytic Geometry 1
POINTS, LINES, AND CIRCLES 𝑚2 − 𝑚1
θ = tan−1 ( )
1 + 𝑚1 𝑚2
DISTANCE, SLOPE, AND MIDPOINT FORMULA
or
θ = tan−1 (𝑚2 ) − tan−1 (𝑚1 )
Note:
1. Two lines are parallel if their slopes are equal.
2. Two lines are perpendicular if the product of their slopes
is -1.
DISTANCE FROM A POINT TO A LINE
Distance Formula
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Slope of a line
rise 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚= =
run 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Midpoint Formula
𝑥1 + 𝑥2
𝑥̅ =
2 Distance from (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) to 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
𝑦1 + 𝑦2 𝐴𝑥1 + 𝐵𝑦1 + 𝐶
𝑦̅ = 𝑑=| |
2
√𝐴2 + 𝐵2
General equation of a line
Distance between parallel lines
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
𝐶2 − 𝐶1
𝑑=| |
STANDARD EQUATIONS OF LINES √𝐴2 + 𝐵2
Point-slope form
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) EQUATIONS OF CIRCLE
Slope-intercept form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Two-point form
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Intercept form
𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
𝑎 𝑏
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES
Center at 𝐶(ℎ, 𝑘)
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
Center at origin
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2
General form
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
*Center(h,k): h = -D/2 k = -E/2
A locus of a point which moves at a constant distance from a
fixed point called center and the constant distance of any
point from the center is called the radius.
Review Innovations CE Review November 2022 – Analytic Geometry 1
SAMPLE PROBLEMS: Problems for Practice:
1. The lines 2𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 2𝑏 = 0 and 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑏 = 1 1. Find the coordinates of the point which is 3/8 of the way
intersect at the point (-1,3). What is 2𝑎 + 𝑏? from the point A(-1, 3) to the point B(4, -2).
a. -4 c. 6
2. Find the equation of the line passing through the point A(2,
b. -6 d. 4
-3) and perpendicular to the line having the parametric
equations:
Situation 1. For problems 2-9, refer here. Given the triangle 5x = 3t + 4 and 3y = 4t – 6
with vertices at A(1,4), B(9,6), and C(7,2). Find the:
2. equation of the line through side AB 3. Determine the equations of the lines (two answers) passing
a. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 15 = 0 c. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 15 = 0 through (-2, 4) and forming with the axes a triangle having
b. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 15 = 0 d. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 15 = 0 an area of 9 square units.
3. distance from C to side AB
4. Find the farthest distance from the point (12, 2) to the circle
a. 3.4 c. 4.0
x2 + y2 + 6x – 16y + 24 = 0.
b. 4.3 d. 3.7
4. equation of the line through (0,-3) and parallel to side 5. The two points on the line 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 which are at
AB distance 2 from the line 3x + 4y – 6 = 0.
a. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 12 = 0 c. 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0
b. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 12 = 0 d. 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 6. A line has an equation of x + 5y + 5 = 0. Find the equation
5. distance from 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 to side AB of the line through (3, 1) that makes an angle of 450 clockwise
a. 5.66 c. 6.55 from the line that is perpendicular to the line x + 5y + 5 = 0
b. 5.33 d. 6.88 at that point.
6. equation of the perpendicular bisector of side BC
7. Find the equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle
a. 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 8 = 0 c. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 16 = 0
with vertices at A(-1, -4), B(3, -2) and C(5, 2).
b. 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 8 = 0 d. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 16 = 0
7. terminal point if side AC is extended three times its 8. Determine the length of the tangent to the circle x2 + y2 –
own length from C 4x – 5 = 0 from (8, -2).
a. (24,-6) c. (24,-5)
b. (25,-4) d. (25,-3) 9. Find the equation of the circle a diameter of which is the
8. area of the triangle line segment connecting the centers of the following circles:
x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y – 7 = 0 and
a. 15 sq. units c. 13 sq. units
x2 + y2 - 4x + 8y – 5 = 0
b. 12 sq. units d. 14 sq. units
9. point of intersection of the medians 10. What is the radius of a circle with the equation
a. (14/3, 3) c. (17/3, 4)
b. (15/3, 4) d. (16/3, 3) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0?
Situation 2. For problems 10-14, refer here. A circle has the 11. Find an equation(s) of the circle(s) tangent to both axes
equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 12 = 0. Find the: and containing the point (-8, -1).
10. center of the circle
a. (-2,3) c. (2,-3)
b. (-3,2) d. (3,-2)
Answers:
11. area of the circle
1. (7/8, 9/8)
a. 78.5 sq. units c. 75.8 sq. units 2. 9x + 20y + 42 = 0
b. 87.5 sq. units d. 85.7 sq. units 3. x + 2y = 6 and 8x + y = -12
12. farthest distance from the point (5,6) to the circle 4. 23.16 units
a. 14.2 units c. 15.4 units 5. (64, - 44) and (4, -4)
6. 2x – 3y = 3
b. 14.5 units d. 15.2 units
7. (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 50
13. nearest distance from the point (5,6) to the circle 8. 5.57 units
a. 5.4 units c. 4.2 units 9. (x – 1/2)2 + (y + 5/2)2 = 9/2
b. 5.2 units d. 4.5 units 10. √33 / 4
14. tangent distance from the point (5,6) to the circle 11. (x + 5)2 + (y + 5)2 = 25 and (x + 13)2 + (y + 13)2 = 169
a. 8.1 units c. 8.6 units
b. 9.6 units d. 9.1 units
15. Find the equation of the circle having its center on the line
4x – y = 7 and passing through the points (-2, 4) and (5, 5).
