Saes L 133

Engineering Standard
SAES-L-133 1 January 2018

Corrosion Protection Requirements for
Pipelines, Piping and Process Equipment
Document Responsibility: Corrosion Control Standards Committee
Contents
1 Scope ..................................................................... 2
2 Conflicts and Deviations ......................................... 2
3 References ............................................................. 2
4 Definitions .............................................................. 8
5 Minimum Mandatory Requirements...................... 11
6 Determining Corrosive Environments,
Crack-inducing Environments, and
Flow-related Concerns ......................................... 12
7 Corrosion and Cracking Control Measures .......... 19
8 Corrosion Management Program Requirements .. 32
9 Corrosion Monitoring Facilities ............................. 45
Revision Summary ...................................................... 48
Appendix A - Refinery Services –

General Requirements ......................... 50
Appendix B - Hydrogen Free Sulfidation
Corrosion with 1.0 TAN Maximum ........ 51
Appendix C - High Temperature Hydrogen Services .. 52
Previous Issue: 3 January 2015 Next Planned Update: 3 January 2020

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 52
Contact: Ghamdi, Sami Mohammed (ghamsm14) on phone +966-13-8809573
©Saudi Aramco 2018. All rights reserved.

Document Responsibility: Corrosion Control Standards Committee SAES-L-133
Issue Date: 1 January 2018 Corrosion Protection Requirements for
Next Planned Update: 3 January 2020 Pipelines, Piping and Process Equipment
1 Scope
This standard specifies minimum mandatory measures to control internal and external
corrosion, and environmental cracking for onshore and offshore pipelines, structures,
plant and platform piping, wellhead piping, well casings, and other pressure-retaining
process and ancillary equipment.
The corrosion control measures specified herein are to be applied during design,
construction, operation, maintenance, and repair of such facilities.
2 Conflicts and Deviations
Any conflicts between this document and other applicable Mandatory Saudi Aramco
Engineering Requirements (MSAERs) shall be addressed to the EK&RD Coordinator.
Any deviation from the requirements herein shall follow internal company procedure
SAEP-302.
3 References
The selection of material and equipment, and the design, construction, maintenance, and
repair of equipment and facilities covered by this standard shall comply with all Saudi
Aramco Mandatory Engineering Requirements, with particular emphasis on the
documents listed below. Unless otherwise stated, the most recent edition of each
document shall be used.
3.1 Saudi Aramco References
Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-14 Project Proposal
SAEP-20 Equipment Inspection Schedule
SAEP-122 Project Records
SAEP-302 Waiver of a Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering
Requirement
SAEP-316 Performance Qualification of Coating Personnel
SAEP-332 Cathodic Protection Commissioning
SAEP-333 Cathodic Protection Monitoring
SAEP-343 Risk Based Inspection (RBI) for In-Plant Static
Equipment and Piping
Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

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SAEP-345 Composite Non-metallic Repair Systems for

Pipelines and Pipework
SAEP-388 Cleaning of Pipelines
SAEP-1026 Boiler Lay-Up Procedure
SAEP-1135 On-Stream Inspection Administration
SAEP-1350 Design Basis Scoping Paper (DBSP) Preparation
and Revision Procedure
Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-007 Hydrostatic Testing Fluids and Lay-up Procedures
SAES-A-205 Oilfield Chemicals
SAES-A-206 Positive Materials Identification
SAES-A-208 Water Treatment Chemicals
SAES-B-006 Fireproofing for Plants
SAES-B-008 Restrictions to Use of Cellars, Pits, and Trenches
SAES-B-070 Fire and Safety Requirements for Bulk Plants,
Air Fueling Terminals, and Sulfur Handling
Facilities
SAES-D-001 Design Criteria for Pressure Vessels
SAES-H-001 Coating Selection and Application Requirements for
Industrial Plants and Equipment
SAES-H-002 Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelines
and Piping
SAES-H-004 Protective Coating Selection and Application
Requirements for Offshore Structures and Facilities
SAES-J-801 Control Buildings
SAES-L-100 Applicable Codes and Standards for Pressure
Piping System
SAES-L-105 Piping Material Specifications
SAES-L-109 Selection of Flanges, Stud Bolts, and Gaskets
SAES-L-132 Material Selection for Piping Systems
SAES-L-136 Restrictions on the Use of Line Pipe
SAES-L-310 Design of Plant Piping
SAES-L-410 Design of Pipelines
Page 3 of 52
SAES-L-420 Scraper Trap Station and Appurtenances

SAES-L-488 Pipelines Cleanliness Requirements for
Hydrocarbon Services
SAES-L-610 Nonmetallic Piping in Oily Water Services
SAES-L-620 Design of Nonmetallic Piping in Hydrocarbon and
Water injection Systems
SAES-L-650 Construction of Nonmetallic Piping in Hydrocarbon
and Water Injection Systems
SAES-M-005 Design and Construction of Fixed Offshore Platforms
SAES-W-010 Welding Requirements for Pressure Vessels
SAES-W-011 Welding Requirements for On-plot Piping
SAES-W-012 Welding Requirements for Pipelines
SAES-W-019 Girth Welding Requirements for Clad Pipes
SAES-X-300 Cathodic Protection of Marine Structures
SAES-X-400 Cathodic Protection of Buried Pipelines
SAES-X-500 Cathodic Protection of Vessel and Tank Internals
SAES-X-600 Cathodic Protection of Plant Facilities
SAES-X-700 Cathodic Protection of Onshore Well Casings
Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

01-SAMSS-016 Qualification of Storage Tanks and Pressured
Equipment for Resistance to Hydrogen-Induced
Cracking
01-SAMSS-023 Intrusive Online Corrosion Monitoring
01-SAMSS-025 Specification for Heavy Duty Polytetrafluorethylene
(PTFE) and Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Lined
Carbon Steel Pipe and Fittings
01-SAMSS-029 RTR (Fiberglass) Sewer Pipe and Fittings for
Gravity Flow
01-SAMSS-034 RTR (Fiberglass) Pressure Pipe and Fittings
01-SAMSS-035 API Line Pipe
01-SAMSS-038 Small Quantity Purchase of Pipe from Stockist
01-SAMSS-041 Specification for Lining of Tanks and Vessels with
Elastomeric Materials

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01-SAMSS-042 Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) Pipe and

Fittings in Water and Hydrocarbon Services
01-SAMSS-043 Carbon Steel Pipes for On-Plot Piping
01-SAMSS-044 CRA Clad Pipe Spools
01-SAMSS-045 Qualification Requirements for Composite
Materials used in Lined Carbon Steel Downhole
Tubing and Casing
01-SAMSS-046 Stainless Steel Pipe
01-SAMSS-047 Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Tubes
01-SAMSS-048 CRA Clad or Lined Steel Pipe
01-SAMSS-050 Thermoplastic Tight Fit Grooved or Perforated
Liners for New and Existing Pipelines
01-SAMSS-333 High Frequency Welded Line Pipe
02-SAMSS-005 Butt Welding Pipe Fittings
02-SAMSS-011 Forged Steel and Alloy Flanges
02-SAMSS-012 Weld Overlayed Fittings, Flanges, and Spool Pieces
23-SAMSS-073 3D Asset Virtualization Tool
32-SAMSS-004 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels
32-SAMSS-007 Manufacture of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers
32-SAMSS-011 Manufacture of Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers
Saudi Aramco Best Practices

SABP-A-001 Polythionic Acid SCC Mitigation - Materials
Selection and Effective Protection of Austenitic
Stainless Steels and Other Austenitic Alloys
SABP-A-013 Corrosion Control in Amine Units
SABP-A-014 Atmospheric Oil Degassing, Spheroids and
Stabilizers Corrosion Control
SABP-A-015 Chemical Injection Systems
SABP-A-016 Crude Unit Corrosion Control
SABP-A-018 GOSP Corrosion Control
SABP-A-019 Pipelines Corrosion Control
SABP-A-020 Corrosion Control in Sulfur Recovery

Page 5 of 52
SABP-A-021 Corrosion Control in Desalination Plants

SABP-A-025 Corrosion Control in Vacuum Distillation Units
SABP-A-026 Cooling Systems Corrosion Control
SABP-A-028 Optimizing Design and Operation of Reverse
Osmosis Plants
SABP-A-029 Corrosion Control in Boilers
SABP-A-033 Corrosion Management Program (CMP) Manual
SABP-A-036 Corrosion Monitoring Best Practice
SABP-L-012 Guidelines for On-Stream Scraping of Pipelines
Saudi Aramco Drawings

AA-036242 Work Platforms Corrosion Monitoring Station
Plans, Sections, and Details
DA-950035 Library Drawing
Saudi Aramco Inspection Procedures

00-SAIP-74 Inspection of Corrosion under Insulation and
Fireproofing
01-SAIP-04 Injection Point Inspection Program
3.2 Industry Codes and Standards
American Petroleum Institute

API RP 14-E Recommended Practice for Design and Installation
of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems
API RP 571 Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in
the Refining Industry
API RP 578 Material Verification Program for New and Existing
Alloy Piping Systems
API RP 579-1 Fitness-for-Service
/ ASME FFS-1
API RP 580 Risk Based Inspection
API RP 581 Risk-Based Inspection Technology
API RP 584 Integrity Operating Windows
API PUBL 932-A A Study of Corrosion in Hydroprocessing Reactor
Effluent Air Cooler Systems

Page 6 of 52
API RP 932-B Design, Materials, Fabrication, Operation, and

Inspection Guidelines for Corrosion Control in
Hydroprocessing Reactor Effluent Air Cooler
(REAC) Systems
API RP 934-A Materials and Fabrication of 2¼Cr-1Mo, 2¼Cr-
1Mo-¼V, 3Cr-1Mo, and 3Cr-1Mo-¼V Steel
Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-
temperature, High-pressure Hydrogen Service
API RP 934-C Materials and Fabrication of 1¼Cr-½Mo Steel
Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-pressure
Hydrogen Service Operating at/or Below 825°F
(441°C)
API RP 939-C Guidelines for Avoiding Sulfidation (Sulfidic)
Corrosion Failures in Oil Refineries
API RP 941 Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated
Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum
Refineries and Petrochemical Plants
API RP 945 Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine Units
European Federation of Corrosion

EFC 55 Corrosion under Insulation Guidelines
The International Society of Automation (ISA)

ISA 71.04 Environmental Conditions for Process Measurements
and Control Systems: Airborne Contaminants
Manufacturers Standardization Society

MSS SP54 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping
Components - Radiographic Examination Method
NACE International
NACE MR0103 Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in
Corrosive Refinery Environments
NACE MR0175 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries-
/ISO 15156 Materials for Use in H2S-Containing
Environments in Oil and Gas Production
NACE SP 0102 In-line Inspection of Pipelines

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NACE SP 0110 Wet Gas Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment

Methodology for Pipelines
NACE SP 0170 Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steels and other
Austenitic Alloys from Polythionic Acid Stress
Corrosion Cracking during Shutdown of Refinery
Equipment
NACE SP 0198 Control of Corrosion under Thermal Insulation and
Fireproofing Materials
NACE RP 0304 Design, Installation, and Operation of
Thermoplastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines
NACE SP 0403 Avoiding Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking of
Carbon Steel Refinery Equipment and Piping
NACE SP 0407 Format, Content, and Guidelines for Developing a
Material Selection Diagram
NACE Report 34101 Refinery Injection and Process Mixing Points
NACE Report 34103 Overview of Sulfidic Corrosion in Petroleum Refining
NORSOK
NORSOK P-001 Process Design
4 Definitions
Baseline ILI Survey: Performed on scrapable pipelines prior to commissioning for the
purpose of establishing the original condition of the line and to provide a “filter”
enabling subsequent surveys to discriminate damage that has occurred in service.
Caustic Cracking: A form of stress corrosion cracking characterized by surface-

initiated cracks that occur in piping and equipment exposed to caustic, primarily
adjacent to non-post weld heat treated welds.
Corrosion: Deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction

with its environment. For the purposes of this document, corrosion includes general
and localized corrosion mechanisms, as well as environmental cracking mechanisms
including, but not limited to, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), sulfide stress cracking
(SSC), hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress-oriented hydrogen induced cracking
(SOHIC).
Corrosion-critical: Piping systems whose failure could present a hazard to humans or

to the environment, or where such failure cannot be repaired without disrupting
operation. Piping systems in hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon processing, flare, and firewater
service are considered corrosion-critical. Piping systems in other services may be
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defined as corrosion-critical by the operating organization with the concurrence of

CSD/PCSD.
Corrosion Loop: A section of a plant defined mainly on the basis of similar process
conditions, materials of construction or active/potential damage mechanisms.
Corrosion Loop Drawing: A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) or Materials Selection

Diagram (MSD) that is color-coded to reflect the developed corrosion loops.
Damage Mechanism: Types of corrosion and materials degradation a corrosion loop may
be susceptible to potentially or during operations.
Environmental Cracking: Brittle fracture of a normally ductile material in which the

corrosive effect of the environment is a causative factor.
EPC: Engineering, Procurement, and Construction contractor.
Erosion-corrosion: Conjoint action of erosion and corrosion in a flowing single or

multiphase corrosive fluid leading to the accelerated loss of material. This phenomenon
encompasses a wide range of processes including solid particle or liquid droplet
impingement, cavitation, and single-phase erosion of protective films.
First Fill: For the purposes of this standard, “First Fill” shall be defined as the quantity
of chemical necessary to provide one (1) year of chemical treatment applied at the rate
defined by chemical selection testing at the normal design throughput for early life field
or plant conditions.
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC): The mechanism, related to hydrogen blistering,

that produces subsurface cracks parallel to the surface and, sometimes, stepwise cracks
in the through-thickness direction.
In-Line Inspection (ILI): Internal inspection of a pipeline using an in-line inspection

tool. Also called Intelligent or Instrument Scraping.
In-line Inspection Tool: Device or vehicle that is designed to travel through a pipeline
and survey the condition of the pipeline wall using nondestructive examination (NDE)
techniques. Also known as Intelligent or Instrument Scraper.
Jump Over: For the purpose of this standard, a jump over is described as a connection
between two pipelines or similar systems to allow for the redirection of the fluid from
one line to another on an occasional basis. A jump over will normally have no flow
and, as such, be subject to corrosion. Connections with normal flow that are
consistently in use are not considered to be jump overs for the purpose of this standard.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC): Refers to corrosion mechanisms

attributed to microorganisms and their by-products.

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Pipelines: Include cross-country and offshore transportation lines, flowlines,

trunklines, tie-lines, water supply and injection lines and pipeline branches such as
jump-overs. SAES-L-100 defines some of these types of pipelines.
Piping: Includes pipelines, plant piping, and wellhead piping.
Integrity Operating Windows: A chemical or physical plant parameter with established

minimum and maximum values; may be categorized as a Safety, Operational, or Integrity
variable following guidelines in API RP 584.
Plant piping: Includes above and below-ground piping inside a plant area, as defined
in SAES-L-100.
Plant: Includes, but is not limited to, gas oil separation plants (GOSPs), water injection
plants (WIPs), water treatment plants, gas processing plants, fractionation plants, refinery,
marine or aviation terminals, bulk plants, power plants, tank farms, and pipeline pump
stations.
Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking (PASCC): A form of stress corrosion

cracking normally occurring due to sulfur acids forming from sulfide scale, air, and
moisture acting on sensitized austenitic stainless steels.
RSA: Responsible Standardization Agent.
Sensitization: Refers to the composition-time-temperature dependent formation

of chromium carbide in the grain boundaries of austenitic stainless steels and some
Ni alloys; occurs in the 750°F to 1,500°F (400°C to 815°C) temperature range.
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): Cracking of a metal produced by the combined

action of corrosion and tensile stress (residual or applied).
Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC): Is a rare through-thickness type

of environmental cracking where a staggered array of small cracks forms, with the array
approximately perpendicular to the principal stress. SOHIC occurs in severe wet, sour
service and can occur in carbon steel pipe and plate that is resistant to HIC and SSC.
Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC): Brittle failure by cracking under the combined action
of susceptible microstructure, tensile stress, and corrosion in the presence of water and
hydrogen sulfide.
Wellhead Piping: Is the piping between the wellhead wing valve and the plot limit
valve of a single or multiple well drilling site or offshore production platform.
See SAES-L-410.

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5 Minimum Mandatory Requirements
5.1 Use the corrosion-control measures mandated by this standard for all piping and
pressure-retaining equipment exposed either internally or externally to one or
more of the conditions described in Paragraphs 6.1, 6.2, or 6.3 of this standard.
In addition to this standard, consult SAES-L-132 for environment-specific
materials selection and SAES-L-136 for pipe, flanges, and fitting material
requirements.
5.2 For piping systems that are not corrosion-critical, follow the requirements in the
pertinent standards and codes.
Commentary Note:
Some piping systems, not defined as corrosion-critical in this standard, must still be
built with corrosion-resistant materials as specified in other standards or codes.
Examples are sewer lines, wastewater disposal lines, and potable water lines.
5.3 Normal, Foreseeable and Contingent Conditions
5.3.1 Select appropriate corrosion control methods and materials (see Section 7)
for all of the following conditions. Always take measures, as described in
Paragraph 7.2, to prevent environmental cracking including sulfide stress
cracking (SSC):
5.3.1.1 Maximum normal operating conditions, projected over the design
life of the system, which is specified as a minimum of 20 years.
Commentary Note:
There may well be circumstances where a longer design life is

appropriate, if the equipment is located in a hard-to-repair
location. One example is the use of 50-year sub-sea valves on
pipelines because sub-sea maintenance of valves is extremely
challenging.
5.3.1.2 Process start up,

5.3.1.3 End of run variations and
5.3.1.4 Foreseeable intermittent or occasional operations, such as
hydrostatic test, steam cleaning or carryover of contaminants
from an upstream process (e.g., caustic from a stripper).
5.3.2 Select corrosion control and materials for contingent conditions, such as
those that may be encountered during construction, start-up, shutdown,
process upset operations, or the failure of a single component.
Always take measures, as described in Paragraph 7.2, to prevent sulfide
stress cracking (SSC), stress corrosion cracking (SCC) such as caustic
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cracking, SOHIC, and other rapid environmental cracking mechanisms.

Contingency failure requirements may not require provision for general
corrosion, localized corrosion, or hydrogen induced cracking, if the time
exposure is very limited. However, additional corrosion control measures
shall be required if the contingent conditions exist for an extended period.
Consult the Corrosion Control Standards Committee Chairman.
Commentary Note:
Consideration must be given to potential corrosion of valve trim/seats

during hydrotest. The type of hydrotest medium must be considered
together with likely exposure time and ambient temperature. Company
experience has shown that certain materials (such as 304 SS) used in
valve internals suffer from pitting (and in some cases severe pitting) prior
to pipelines entering service. Consequently, consideration of hydrotest
medium, exposure time and temperature may require an upgrade in valve
trim and seat materials. See SAES-A-007 for specific recommendations
for hydrotest fluids and treatment of hydrotest fluids.
5.4 For situations not adequately addressed by codes and standards, use the
optimum corrosion and materials engineering practices commonly accepted in
the oil and gas and refining industry, with the concurrence of the Chairman,
Corrosion Control Standards Committee.
6 Determining Corrosive Environments, Crack-inducing Environments, and

Flow-related Concerns
6.1 Corrosive Environments
For design purposes, a service condition that would cause a metal penetration
rate of 3 mpy (0.076 mm/yr), or more, is considered corrosive. The penetration
rate may be from uniform corrosion, localized corrosion, or pitting. In absence
of corrosion rate information, an environment that meets any one of the
conditions listed below is also considered corrosive. Environments that are
corrosive require specific corrosion control measures (see Paragraph 7.1).
For cases not covered by these conditions, consult with the Corrosion Control
Standards Committee Chairman.
6.1.1 Acidic or near neutral pH water phase with an oxygen concentration in

excess of 20 micrograms per liter (20 ppb).
Commentary Note:
Acidic or near-neutral pH water that has access to atmosphere will

contain up to 8 mg/L dissolved oxygen and is corrosive. Water with a pH
of 10 to 12 is considered non-corrosive to steel in many environments.
6.1.2 A water phase with a pH below 5.5 calculated from available data or

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measured either in situ or at atmospheric pressure immediately after the

sample is collected in the field.
6.1.3 A water-containing multiphase fluid with a carbon dioxide (CO2) partial

pressure > 206 kPa (30 psi) is considered severely corrosive. Although
system with CO2 partial pressures between 20.6 kPa to 206 kPa (3 psi to
30 psi) are less severe, but they still require corrosion control measures if
the expected corrosion rate is high (see Paragraph 6.1). Systems with
partial pressures below 20.6 kPa (3 psi) are usually non-corrosive.
Commentary Note:
Mixed corrosive systems containing both carbon dioxide and hydrogen

sulfide shall be considered to be dominated by the carbon dioxide
corrosion mechanism when the ratio H2S/ CO2 < 0.5. Such corrosion
systems are generally called “sweet” when considering general thinning,
pitting, and erosion-corrosion. However, note that the systems may
contain sufficient hydrogen sulfide to also meet the definition of a sour
service system as indicated in Paragraphs 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.
6.1.4 All soils and waters in which piping systems are buried or immersed.
6.1.5 A water-containing fluid stream with flowing solids such as scale or

sand, which may settle and initiate corrosion damage. The minimum
flow velocities required to keep solids in suspension are outlined in
Paragraph 6.4.
6.1.6 A water-containing fluid stream carrying bacteria that can cause MIC.
6.1.7 Insulated and fireproofed systems.
6.2 Crack-Inducing Environments
The environments listed below require control measures if the condition is

predicted to occur during the design life of the system.
6.2.1 A piping system or process equipment exposed to an environment

meeting any one of the following conditions requires sulfide stress
cracking (SSC) control measures:
6.2.1.1 Service meeting the definition of sour environments in

NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156, Part II, Paragraph 7.1.2.
6.2.1.2 Service meeting the definition of sour environments in

NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156, Part II, Paragraph 7.2.1.4, SSC
Regions 1, 2, and 3.

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6.2.1.3 Service meeting the definition of sour service in NACE MR0103

where the requirements of this document are more restrictive than
NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 or cover environmental conditions
not addressed by NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 including:
a) > 50 ppmw total sulfide content in the aqueous phase;
b) ≥ 1 ppmw total sulfide content in the aqueous phase and
pH < 4; or
c) ≥ 1 ppmw total sulfide content and ≥ 20 ppmw free
cyanide in the aqueous phase, and pH > 7.6.
Commentary Notes:
Total sulfide content means the total concentration of dissolved

hydrogen sulfide (H2Saq), plus bisulfide ion (HS-), plus sulfide
ion (S2-). For a detailed explanation of this subject, see
NACE MR0103 paragraph 1.3.5.
In the case of uncertainty in requirements between NACE MR

0175/ISO 15156 and NACE MR0103, CSD/PCSD shall be the
final arbiter.
6.2.2 Piping systems and process equipment exposed to an environment with

> 50 ppmw total sulfide content in the aqueous phase require the use of
HIC resistant steel that meets 01-SAMSS-035, 01-SAMSS-038 or
01-SAMSS-043 for pipes and 01-SAMSS-016 for storage tanks and
pressure vessels.
6.2.2.1 Rich diglycolamine (DGA) systems are not required to meet

this requirement. However, the amine stripper, its overhead
(exit) gas piping, cooler, and overhead receiver shall be
fabricated from HIC-resistant materials.
6.2.2.2 All other rich amine systems shall meet this requirement.
6.2.2.3 Lean amine systems are not required to meet this requirement.
Commentary Note:
In new plant build the use of HIC resistant material for some of
the piping and non-HIC resistant material for the remainder will
require segregation, control, and tracking of the two material
types and an effective method to differentiate between the two
types of material at the construction site. The use of HIC
resistant pipe throughout a system may reduce costs due to
simplified inventory and tracking.
6.2.2.4 Caustic systems are not required to meet this requirement.

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6.2.3 Aluminum heat exchangers must not be used in gas stream cryogenic
service where the mercury content is greater than 10 ng/Nm³ (nanograms
per normal cubic meter) in order to avoid Liquid Metal Embrittlement
(LME). For control measures see Paragraph 7.2.6.
6.2.4 Environments recognized by other standards or by good engineering

practice as potential environments for stress corrosion cracking (SCC)
require control measures. CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS shall be the final
arbiter in the resolution of such design questions.
Some SCC environments are listed in SAES-W-010 Paragraph 13.3 and

SAES-W-011 Paragraph 13.3. Other amine SCC environments are listed
in API RP 945. The conditions cited in the above standards include, but
are not limited to, those listed below:
6.2.4.1 All caustic soda (NaOH) solutions, including conditions where

caustic carryover may occur (e.g., downstream of caustic
injection points).
6.2.4.2 All monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions (all temperatures).
6.2.4.3 All diglycol amine (DGA) solutions above 138°C design

temperature.
6.2.4.4 All rich amino di isopropanol (ADIP) solutions above 90°C

design temperature.
6.2.4.5 All lean ADIP solutions above 60°C design temperature.
6.2.4.6 Boiler deaerator service (i.e., ambient temperature vacuum

deaerators are exempt).
6.2.4.7 Hydrogen service for P-No. 3, 4, and 5A/B/C base materials.
6.2.4.8 All diethanolamine (DEA) solutions.
6.2.4.9 All MDEA / aMDEA solutions.
6.2.4.10 Shutdown conditions that may lead to the development of

polythionic stress corrosion cracking (see SABP-A-001).
6.2.4.11 FCC Fractionator overhead systems.
6.3 High Temperature and Refining Environments
High Temperature refinery environments are identified by Saudi Aramco Best

Practices, API RP 571, and compatible documents including, but not limited to
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API PUBL 932-A, API RP 932-B, API RP 939-C, API RP 941,and API RP 945.
6.4 Flow-Related Conditions
6.4.1 Exceptions to the maximum velocities stated in this paragraph are

proprietary piping (e.g., metering skid, surge relief skid, etc.) or piping
requiring flow balance in branch segments (e.g., firewater spray/
sprinkler systems). Where velocities are not otherwise limited by
SAES-L-132 Table 1, the maximum and minimum fluid velocity in
carbon steel piping shall be limited to the following:
6.4.1.1 Single-Phase Gas Lines
For in-plant piping, except during a relief and flare flow, the
maximum gas superficial flow velocity in pipelines shall be
limited to 60 ft/s (18.3 m/s). In-plant noise may be a problem
when velocities in gas lines exceed this limit. Higher velocities
are acceptable when the piping layout configuration is
relatively simple and has a minimum number of fittings and
valves subject to review and approval of the Group Leader,
Materials Engineering & Corrosion Project Support Group,
CSD/PCSD.
For cross-country pipelines, when noise or solids are not a

concern, the maximum gas superficial flow velocity shall not
exceed 196 ft/s (60 m/s).
The gas superficial flow velocity shall not be less than 15 ft/s
(4.6 m/s) without additional corrosion mitigation (refer to
Paragraph 7.1.10, Table 1 - Corrosion Control Methods).
The intent of this restriction is to minimize accumulation of
water at the bottom of the pipe. The minimum gas superficial
flow velocity limit does not apply to dry sweet gas with
controlled and monitored dew point limit.
Commentary Note:
Velocities lower than the above minimum can only be accepted

if the designer can, through detailed multiphase flow modeling
valid for small liquid volumes, show that liquid accumulation will
not occur.
6.4.1.2 Liquid Lines
The superficial flow velocity in single-phase liquid lines for

services other than shown in SAES-L-132 Table 1 shall be
limited to 15 ft/s (4.6 m/s).
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Higher liquid superficial flow velocities may be used in special

cases or in intermittent services subject to review and approval
by the Group Leader, Materials Engineering & Corrosion
Project Support Group, CSD/PCSD.
The liquid superficial flow velocity shall not be less than

3.28 ft/s (1 m/s) to minimize deposition of solids and
accumulation of water at the bottom of the pipe. Where this
requirement cannot be met, additional corrosion mitigation as
detailed in paragraph 7.1.10, Table 1 - Corrosion Control
Methods, will be required.
Commentary Notes:
Potential corrosion in liquid lines should be evaluated using

validated flow modeling. If the pipeline is water wetted, the
corrosion control measures in Table 1 shall be applied.
In product loading systems where there are static electricity

concerns, the liquid flow velocity limits set by SAES-B-070 shall
govern.
6.4.1.3 Gas/Liquid Two-Phase Lines
Except for liquid relief and blow down lines, the gas or liquid
superficial flow velocities in flowlines and other multiphase
pipelines shall not exceed the fluid erosional velocity.
The erosional velocity can be determined by using a
validated multiphase flow model or the equations provided in
API RP 14E, Paragraph 2.5a.
The maximum gas or liquid superficial flow velocities shall be

further restricted as per NORSOK P-001:
a) For non-corrosive service and for corrosion resistant pipe
materials the velocity shall be limited to a maximum of
82 ft/s (25 m/s) if the service includes only small amounts
of sand or other solids (typically less than 30 mg sand/liter
in the mixed flow).
b) For corrosive service, the corrosion rate often limits the life
time for carbon steel piping systems. With increased flow
velocity, the corrosion rate tends to increase due to
increased shear forces and increased mass transfer.
The flow velocity shall be restricted to a maximum of
32.8 ft/s (10 m/s) to limit the erosion of the protective layer

Page 17 of 52
of corrosion products and reduce the risk for corrosion

inhibitor film break down.
c) For services contaminated with particles, in non-corrosive
service, the maximum allowable velocity shall be
calculated, using validated flow modeling based on sand
concentration, piping geometry (bend radius, restrictions),
pipe size and added erosion allowance.
The minimum velocity in two-phase transport pipelines
should be 10 ft/s (3.05 m/s) to minimize slugging of
separation equipment and accumulation of water and solids
at the bottom of the pipe. This is particularly important in
long lines with elevation changes. If the minimum velocity
requirement cannot be met, the designer shall show,
through the use of validated multiphase flow modelling,
that liquid accumulation will not occur. In cases where
liquid accumulates, refer to Paragraph 7.1.10, Table 1 –
Corrosion Control Methods.
6.4.1.4 Steam Lines
For insulated steam lines, the velocity range for continuous

service shall be as follows:
Saturated Steam : 30 – 40 m/s (100 – 130 ft/s)
Superheated Steam : 40 – 60 m/s (130 – 200 ft/s)
For vent steam, the maximum velocity is limited to 60 m/s

(200 ft/s).
There is no minimum velocity for steam systems.
6.4.2 The maximum allowable fluid velocity in 90-10 Cu-Ni piping is 10 ft/s
(3.05 m/s) to avoid erosion-corrosion, and the minimum fluid velocity is
3 ft/s (1 m/s) to avoid dealloying (denickelification). 90-10 Cu-Ni shall
not be used in intermittent service where stagnation may occur. In cases
of doubt, CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS shall be the final arbiter of whether or
not the material is acceptable.
6.4.3 For sizing of firewater systems, the maximum velocity of the water,
based on the nominal capacity of the outlets (hydrants and monitors),
shall not exceed two times the maximum velocity listed in SAES-L-132
Table 1 for the material of the pipe.

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6.4.4 The velocity requirements of paragraphs 6.4.1.1 and 6.4.1.2 may be

superseded to allow the installation of pipeline sizes that allow through
scraping with single diameter ILI tools.
Commentary Note:
An example of such a relaxation in the velocity requirement would be

where a new line is being constructed to tie-in to the upstream end of an
existing pipeline and where a smaller diameter pipe would be utilized for
the new line to meet the maximum/minimum velocity requirement of this
standard. To allow single diameter scraping tools to be used for both the
new and existing sections of the pipeline, the new section may use the
same pipe diameter as the existing line, even though the velocity
minimum may not be achieved.
6.4.5 DGA Velocities
Based on company experience, maximum velocity limits for carbon steel

piping in rich DGA is 5 ft/s (1.5 m/s) and in lean DGA is 10 ft/s (3.05 m/s).
7 Corrosion and Cracking Control Measures
7.1 Corrosion Control Requirements
To mitigate internal corrosion, design corrosion-critical piping systems or

equipment with at least one acceptable measure of internal corrosion control.
A combination of two or more acceptable corrosion control measures for any
given environment is preferred whenever economically and technically feasible.
7.1.1 Select the measure(s) to achieve an average metal penetration rate of less
than 0.076 mm/yr (3.0 mpy) and/or select adequate corrosion allowance,
e.g., 1/16” (1.6 mm) up to 1/4” (6.4 mm), to allow the system to function
as designed until planned replacement.
Use corrosion allowance as mandated by industry codes or other Saudi

Aramco Standards. For carbon steel and alloy steel systems, always use a
minimum corrosion allowance of at least 1/32” (1.6 mm). The standard
corrosion allowance is 1/8” (3.2 mm). If a higher corrosion allowance is
required, the part needs to be highlighted for additional on-stream,
inspection coverage.
The maximum corrosion allowance is 1/4” (6.4 mm) which may only be
applied with specific approval of Saudi Aramco. If the calculated required
corrosion allowance exceeds 1/4” (6.4 mm), evaluate alternative measures.
Commentary Note:
Corrosion allowance will not reduce the corrosion rate of the piping

Page 19 of 52
material. However, the extra wall thickness of the pipe may provide a
longer service life if the mode of attack is uniform general corrosion.
Corrosion allowances are often not effective against localized corrosion,
such as pitting. However, if pitting rates are well defined from historical
data, adequate corrosion allowance can be viable.
7.1.2 Acceptable corrosion control measures include, but are not limited to, the
following:
7.1.2.1 Corrosion-resistant alloys/cladding:
a) Procure austenitic and duplex stainless steel pipes for on-
plot piping in accordance with 01-SAMSS-046 and tubes in
accordance with 01-SAMSS-047.
b) Procure and fabricate cladded piping systems in accordance
with 01-SAMSS-014, 01-SAMSS-048, 02-SAMSS-012 and
SAES-W-019.
7.1.2.2 Nonmetallic materials and linings where permitted by Saudi
Aramco standards:
a) 01-SAMSS-025 and 01-SAMSS-045 for lined-pipe
applications
b) SAEP-345 for composite, non-metallic repair systems for
pipelines and pipework external localized corrosion protection
c) 01-SAMSS-029, 01-SAMSS-034, and 01-SAMSS-042 for
various reinforced thermoset resin (RTR) piping applications
d) 01-SAMSS-045 for composite materials used in lined
carbon steel downhole tubing and casing
e) 01-SAMSS-041 for Specification for Lining of Tanks and
Vessels with Elastomeric Materials
f) 32-SAMSS-037 for Material and Qualification for the
Manufacture of Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Tanks
7.1.2.3 Coatings (internal/external) and linings (internal) meeting
SAES-H-001 or SAES-H-002.
7.1.2.4 Galvanic or impressed current cathodic protection in
accordance with SAES-X-300, SAES-X-400, SAES-X-500,
SAES-X-600, SAES-X-700, SAEP-332, and SAEP-333.
7.1.2.5 Chemical treatment:
a) Upstream operations must select inhibitors and chemicals
Page 20 of 52
using the methodology of SAES-A-205 “Oilfield

Chemicals.” For upstream pipeline treatment, the
recommended corrosion control practice is to use pipeline
internal scraping in conjunction with the corrosion inhibitor
program to aid effective distribution of the inhibitor to the
pipe wall, as discussed in SABP-A-019, paragraph 7.
b) Refining operations must select inhibitors and chemicals using
the agreed terms of the Saudi Aramco Chemical Optimization
Program (SACOP) contracts. Refining processes do not use
internal scraping for inhibitor distribution.
Commentary Notes:
Corrosion inhibitor added to the service fluid stream

continuously, or introduced in a concentrated slug intermittently
is acceptable provided that the corrosion rate is consistent with
the design life. Perform periodic pipeline scraping in conjunction
with chemical treatment to provide effective corrosion control.
Some pipelines should be cleaned using surfactants and/or gels
to remove solids.
Note that when more than one chemical is added to a system for
corrosion control or process improvement, these chemicals may
interact and their effectiveness may be reduced or even
reversed. Perform chemical compatibility testing of all process
stream additives.
Products such as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) and drag

reducers may be adversely affected by corrosion inhibitors and
other treatments. P&CSD shall be consulted for the selection
of kinetic hydrate inhibitors for new projects.
7.1.2.6 Coordinate with the Corrosion Control Standards Committee

Chairman for applications not adequately addressed by
Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering Requirements.
7.1.3 Specification and Purchase of “first fill” chemicals
7.1.3.1 The LSTK (Lump Sum Turnkey) contractor shall fund the
purchase of the “first fill” of all such chemicals, and shall be
responsible for ensuring the cleanliness and mechanical
operation of the chemical injection systems as designed.
7.1.3.2 Follow the requirements for oilfield chemicals in Materials

Service Group (MSG) 147000 as defined in SAES-A-205 for
first-fill where oilfield chemicals such as corrosion inhibitors,
scale inhibitors, anti-foams, demulsifiers, biocides, or

Page 21 of 52
neutralizers, are to be used. If a chemical alliance exists or is

being developed for the facility, follow Paragraph 7.1.3.4.
7.1.3.3 Follow the requirements of SAES-A-208 for water treatment

chemicals in Materials Service Group (MSG) 147500 provided
at first-fill. If a chemical alliance exists or is being developed
for the facility, follow Paragraph 7.1.3.4.
7.1.3.4 For plants or other facilities that have an existing chemical

alliance program, SACOP, in place, the alliance chemical
vendor shall be requested to supply chemicals for the new
plant. Chemicals shall be selected and approved following the
written contract procedures for the alliance that shall include
input from the Proponent, CSD, and Purchasing.
7.1.3.5 For all other capital projects where corrosion inhibitor or other
oil field or refinery chemicals, such as scale inhibitors, anti-
foams, de-emulsifiers, biocides, or neutralizers are to be used:
a) The LSTK (Lump Sum Turnkey) contractor shall be
responsible for purchase of the “first fill” of all such
chemicals, and for QA/QC requirements.
b) The LSTK contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the
cleanliness and mechanical operation of the chemical
injection systems as designed.
c) The specification and selection of the chemical(s) shall be
the responsibility of the operating organization, with
concurrence of CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS, and Purchasing.
Process additives such as kinetic hydrate inhibitors and
drag reducers are the responsibility of P&CSD.
d) PMT shall provide the operating organization, CSD/PCSD,
and Purchasing with adequate time and information needed
to make the chemical selection. In no case shall this be less
than six (6) months prior to the date the project is
scheduled to start operation.
7.1.4 Protect all buried steel against soil-side corrosion by both external
coating and cathodic protection. Use coating systems specified in
SAES-H-002. Install cathodic protection systems in accordance with
SAES-X-400 or SAES-X-600. Evaluate and mitigate the risks of stray
current corrosion.

Page 22 of 52
7.1.5 For offshore pipelines and platforms, protect all submerged external
surfaces by coating as required by SAES-M-005, Paragraph 11.2.1.
Use coating systems specified in SAES-H-001 and SAES-H-004, and
cathodic protection as specified in SAES-X-300. All casings for
offshore wells in non-electrified fields shall be externally coated to
increase the effectiveness of the cathodic protection system. For grating,
handrails, steps use nonmetallic materials per 12-SAMSS-023; Fiber-
Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Grating and FRP Components and SAEP-357;
Fiber Reinforced Plastic Grating Installation Guide.
7.1.6 For tank and vessel internals, protect all wetted internal surfaces by
coating as required by SAES-H-001 or by non-metallic lining as per
01-SAMSS-041 and/or 01-SAMSS-050. Use cathodic protection as
specified in SAES-X-500, as required.
7.1.7 Critical structural or process components, i.e., jacket members, risers,

J tubes shall be protected by sheathing with Alloy 400 through the splash
zones. Components exposed to the atmosphere or submerged and
non-critical structural components in the splash zone, i.e., boat landings or
barge bumpers shall be protected with coatings. Selection of coating
systems shall comply with SAES-H-001, SAES-H-002, and SAES-H-004.
7.1.8 Erosion and erosion-corrosion is mitigated primarily by adherence to

fluid velocity limitations in Paragraph 6.4 and material selection in
SAES-L-132.
7.1.9 Measures for mitigation of MIC include control of bacteria by

application of a biocide chemical, selection of resistant materials, and
selection of coatings.
7.1.10 Protect all piping and pipelines subject to low flow, intermittent flow or
stagnant conditions by the use of one of the following: internal coating,
non-metallic piping, corrosion resistance alloy (cladding, weld-overlay,
thermal spray, or solid), or non-metallic liners. This specifically
includes flowlines, pipeline jump-overs in crude oil and wet gas service,
and production headers. Dead-legs shall be handled in accordance with
SAES-L-310, Paragraph 11.4. Reference standards and documents are
provided in the table below.

Page 23 of 52
Table 1 – Corrosion Control Methods

Corrosion Control
Applicable Standards and Guideline Documents
Method
SAES-H-002, Internal and External Coatings for Steel Pipelines
Internal coating
and Piping
01-SAMSS-042, Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) Pipe and
Fittings in Water and Hydrocarbon Services
SAES-L-620, Design of Nonmetallic Piping in Hydrocarbon and
Non-metallic Piping
Water Injection Systems
SAES-L-650, Construction of Nonmetallic Piping in
Hydrocarbon and Water Injection Systems
01-SAMSS-050, Thermoplastic Tight Fit Grooved or Perforated
Liners for New and Existing Pipelines
Theremoplastic
liners for pipelines NACE RP 0304, Design, Installation and Operation of
and flowlines Thermoplastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines
NACE 35101, Plastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines
CSA Z662-03; Oil & Gas Pipeline Systems
01-SAMSS-025, Specification for Heavy Duty
Thermoplastic
Polytetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkoxy Lined Carbon
liners for piping
Steel Pipe and Fittings
7.1.11 Galvanic corrosion between electrochemically different metals and

alloys shall be prevented in systems carrying highly conductive,
corrosive fluids such as mostly water, when there is a good probability
that a continuous liquid water phase will exist between the two dissimilar
metal surfaces. Isolating gaskets and isolated bolt sets shall be used
following the requirements of SAES-L-105, Paragraph 11.4.
For threaded joints, insulating unions shall be used if acceptable to all
other Saudi Aramco mandatory codes.
7.1.11.1 Isolating devices are not required for services that are
essentially dry or non-conducting.
7.1.11.2 Pikotek gaskets shall not be used in Refineries or Gas Plants as

per SAES-L-109 Paragraph 12.5.
7.1.11.3 Pikotek gaskets shall not be used at operating temperatures

equivalent to or higher than the maximum set by SAES-L-109
Paragraph 12.5.
7.1.11.4 Stainless steel instrument connections to carbon steel pipework

are acceptable in tempered water service.
7.1.11.5 Galvanic corrosion can be reduced by the use of corrosion

Page 24 of 52
inhibitors, but much higher concentrations of inhibitor are

necessary to overcome the galvanic couple.
7.1.11.6 Galvanic isolation may be required to prevent damage

mechanisms such as hydriding of titanium.
Consult CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS when using titanium alloys.
7.1.11.7 Note that insulating devices installed to provide galvanic

isolation will impact the continuity of cathodic protection on
buried pipelines and equipment. Evaluate this as part of the
design.
7.1.12 Prevent Corrosion under Insulation
7.1.12.1 Protect all carbon steel and alloy steel thermally insulated
systems from corrosion under insulation (CUI) by applying
best practices detailed in NACE SP 0198 and EFC 55.
7.1.12.2 For 300 series austenitic stainless steel, refer to Paragraph 7.2.5.
7.1.12.3 Design insulation systems to exclude water through effective

sealing of outer cladding and through the use of non-absorbent
insulation media.
7.1.12.4 Use low leachable chloride insulation following the

recommendations of NACE SP 0198 and EFC 55.
7.1.12.5 Do not use insulation unless it is essential to do so; for

example, do not use for personnel protective purposes unless
no other solution is possible. Consider insulating paints or
equipment cages (see EFC 55 Section 4).
7.1.13 Prevent Corrosion under Fireproofing
7.1.13.1 New carbon steel equipment shall have a compatible corrosion-

resistant, coating applied underneath both cementations and
intumescent fireproofing material in accordance with
SAES-H-001, NACE SP 0198 Table 2, System CS-9, and
SAES-B-006. The coating shall be one that is specifically
approved for this service in consultation with the fireproofing
mortar manufacturer and Loss Prevention Department.
7.1.13.2 Corrosion under fireproofing in Saudi Aramco is often

associated with the testing of firewater monitors and washing
down areas, particularly when seawater is used as firewater.

Page 25 of 52
In existing plants, minimize or avoid these actions if at all

possible.
7.1.13.3 Fireproofing must be designed to prevent ingress of water

behind the fireproofing material. Adequate sealing especially
using caps and flashing is required. Water traps must be
avoided by adequate design and the use of mastic where
necessary.
7.1.13.4 Some intumescent coatings degrade with time. Acidic products

may cause significant damage to older systems. Inspection
programs are essential.
7.1.14 Prevent Corrosion during and Subsequent to Hydrotest
7.1.14.1 SAES-A-007 mandates corrosion protection requirements for

hydrostatic test water composition and post-hydrotest lay-up
procedures.
7.1.14.2 Hydrotest records shall include documentation of water sources

used for each and every test and documentation of bacteria test
results, chloride test results (required for stainless steel
systems) and chemical programs used. Records shall be
transmitted to the Plant Inspection Unit as part of the Pre-
commissioning Record Book. (see SAEP 122, Paragraph 1.9).
Commentary Note:
Multiple plant failures have occurred shortly after start-up due

to inadequate execution of hydrotest and lay-up procedures.
Stainless steel and copper alloy systems are particularly prone
to hydrotest damage.
7.1.15 Prevent Corrosion during Lay-up and Mothballing
7.1.15.1 Severe corrosion can occur during short lay-up periods under
some circumstances. For example, ammonium or amine
chloride deposits in equipment can be very corrosive if
equipment is opened to atmosphere. Plan measures to prevent
corrosion even during short shutdowns.
7.1.15.2 When equipment is idle, the facility manager shall ensure that a
mothball plan is developed and implemented in a timely
manner. The plan shall clearly state the length of intended
mothball, provide mothballing procedures, mothball
maintenance procedures and all required maintenance

Page 26 of 52
checklist, the demothballing procedures, and clearly state the

required snap-back period.
7.1.15.3 Adequate funding and manpower shall be provided throughout

the life of the mothball to maintain the mothball effectiveness
and equipment readiness. The Mothball Manual describes
techniques for preservation of equipment. SAEP-1026 mandates
lay-up procedures for boilers.
7.1.15.4 Severe corrosion can occur during construction operations if

partially build facilities are not adequately protected.
An example is construction of a pipeline segment offshore that
awaits tie-in at a later time to other pipelines or onshore
facilities. Severe corrosion will result unless adequate
measures are implemented. Consult the Corrosion Control
Standards Committee Chairman.
7.2 Cracking Control Measures
7.2.1 In the environments defined in Paragraph 6.2.1 or single contingency

failure circumstances described in Paragraph 5.3.2 that might allow the
environments defined in Paragraph 6.2.1 to be present, use materials that
comply with the requirements of NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 or meet
Saudi Aramco standards and specifications that ensure equivalent
performance.
ASME SA515 or 516 steel, Grade 70 or higher strength, shall not be

used unless post weld heat treatment is applied after fabrication.
When considering the application of 300-series austenitic stainless steels

based upon NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156, the environment shall always
be considered to contain in excess of 50 ppm chlorides because of the
risk of chloride carry over and concentration.
Metallic plating, metallic coatings, and plastic coatings or linings are not
acceptable for preventing SSC of base metals. Internal coatings may be
used to mitigate corrosion; however, this does not eliminate the
requirement that the base metal be resistant to SSC.
Refer to SAES-W-010, SAES-W-011 and SAES-W-012 welding

standards for welding procedure qualification hardness testing,
production weld hardness testing, and restrictions on dissimilar metal
welds, for sour service applications.

Page 27 of 52
Commentary Note:
The material requirements in 01-SAMSS-035, 01-SAMSS-038,

01-SAMSS-043, 01-SAMSS-333, 02-SAMSS-005, 02-SAMSS-011
(except for low temperature flanges), 32-SAMSS-004, 32-SAMSS-007,
and 32-SAMSS-011 for pipe, fittings, flanges, and process equipment
comply with NACE MR 0175/ISO 15156 or provide equivalent
performance, even though the NACE standard is not, and should not be,
explicitly referenced in the catalog description or purchase order.
7.2.2 HIC resistant steel is required for pipes, scraper traps, vessels and other
pressure retaining equipment exposed to environments defined in
Paragraph 6.2.2.
7.2.2.1 Forgings and castings are considered to be inherently resistant

to HIC.
Commentary Note:
This includes nozzles since the majority of them are forged.
7.2.2.2 Process equipment carbon steel plates shall meet the

requirements of 01-SAMSS-016.
7.2.2.3 Seamless pipes purchased in accordance with 01-SAMSS-035

or 01-SAMSS-043 are considered HIC resistant.
7.2.2.4 Small quantity pipes including seamless shall be tested in

accordance with 01-SAMSS-038.
7.2.2.5 Welded carbon steel pipe shall meet the requirements of

01-SAMSS-035, 01-SAMSS-038 or 01-SAMSS-043, as
applicable.
7.2.2.6 Pipe fitting and induction pipe bends shall meet the
requirements of 02-SAMSS-005 and 01-SAMSS-039,
respectively.
7.2.2.7 For new equipment, corrosion resistant alloy internal cladding

is acceptable to prevent HIC. In such cases, the backing
carbon steel material need not be HIC resistant.
7.2.2.8 For new equipment, organic coatings are not considered to be

acceptable for preventing HIC. Therefore, the base carbon
steel material shall be resistant to HIC.
7.2.2.9 For existing equipment fabricated from non-HIC resistant steel,

internal organic coatings may be used to mitigate HIC and

Page 28 of 52
extend the service life until replacement.
7.2.3 Design sour gas in-plant piping systems and pipelines for resistance to
SOHIC by observing the restrictions in SAES-L-136. Note that steels
and weldments that are resistant to HIC may be susceptible to SOHIC.
7.2.4 Design all corrosion-critical piping systems and equipment for resistance
to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Possible control measures include
material selection, modification of the environment, post-weld heat
treatment, or significantly reduced design stress.
7.2.4.1 Prevent cracking and corrosion in new or repaired amine

systems as detailed in Paragraph 6.2.4 by following the
recommended practices of API RP 945 and applying the
post-weld heat treatment requirements of SAES-W-010,
SAES-W-011 and SAES-W-012.
7.2.4.2 Prevent polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking (PASCC) in

potential cracking environments by following 01-SAMSS-046,
NACE SP 0170 and Saudi Aramco Best Practice SABP-A-001.
However, seek input from CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS on the
treatment of poorly draining equipment such as vertical heater
coils.
a) Select stabilized materials that resist sensitization and
operate below the sensitizing temperature:
 Type 304/304H/316/316H, operate at temperatures less
than 698°F (370C).
 Type 304L/316L, operate at temperatures less than
752°F (400C).
 Type 321 and 347, operate at temperatures less than
851°F (455C).
 Alloy 625 and 825, operate at temperatures less than
1202°F (650C).
b) In systems that have a high potential for PASCC, control
environment during T&I’s and maintenance. Prevent
access of moist air to surface of equipment by not opening
equipment unless absolutely necessary. Use nitrogen
blanket to pressurize, as needed.
c) Remove sulfide scales before opening by washing
equipment with sulfide scale converter before opening
Page 29 of 52
equipment or alternatively, neutralize surface by washing

equipment with 1% Na2CO3 before opening equipment and
during extended openings; limit solution chloride
concentration to 250 ppm (maximum).
d) Systems that use steam air decoking - add 5,000 ppm
ammonia to steam for neutralization.
e) If hydrotest is necessary for existing equipment operating in
sour environments and are constructed out of austenitic
stainless steel and/or other susceptible alloys, use 1% soda
ash (Na2CO3) solution for the hydrotest.
7.2.4.3 Prevent chloride stress corrosion cracking of austenitic

materials by limiting chloride impurities the hydrotest and lay-
up water as per SAES-A-007 and in the soda ash wash solution
used for PASCC prevention as per Paragraph 7.2.4.2.
7.2.4.4 Prevent carbonate cracking in FCC systems and other

susceptible equipment. As a minimum, post-weld heat treat the
main fractionator overhead system through to the first vessel in
the gas recovery unit. Avoid using ammonium polysulfide
(APS) upstream of the FCC as this has been suggested to
enhance carbonate cracking.
7.2.4.5 Prevent caustic cracking by following the NACE SP0403 and

the requirements of Saudi Aramco Welding Engineering and
Vessels Committee Standards.
Commentary Note:
Caustic cracking has occurred most commonly in Saudi

Aramco facilities due to the carry-over of caustic from Merox
Units or the miss-feeding of high concentration caustic in crude
units to locations that were not intended to receive caustic.
Such failures represent single contingent failure. Be sure to
consider these and other operational variations.
7.2.4.6 Follow the requirements of SAES-D-001, Paragraph 11.3.
7.2.5 Completely coat the outer metal surface of all 300-series stainless steels
that may continuously operate or intermittently cycle above the
temperature of 122°F (50C) in order to protect them from external
pitting and/or external chloride stress corrosion cracking.
Use SAES-H-001 and SAES-H-002 for coating selection.
7.2.6 Install Mercury Removal Unit (MRU) upstream of the aluminum heat

Page 30 of 52
exchangers in cryogenic services to remove mercury from the gas

stream. Mercury content in the gas outlet of the MRU shall not exceed
10 ng/Nm³ to protect the exchangers against liquid metal embrittlement
(LME). For specific cases, consult with the Corrosion Control Standards
Committee Chairman.
7.3 Minimize the risk of high temperature and refinery damage mechanisms
7.3.1 Apply all Saudi Aramco Best Practices (SABP) related to materials and
corrosion, such as SABP-A-013. Apply industry standards and common
practices including API RP 941 (Nelson Curves), Modified McConomy
curves (see SABP-A-016, Paragraph 7.4) and Couper Gorman Curves
for H2S/H2 corrosion in the selection of appropriate materials and
appropriate service conditions. Follow API RP 939-C for sulfidation
control. See NACE Report 34103 for sulfidation guidance. Prevent
corrosion damage predicted by API RP 571
7.3.2 For refineries and process plants, follow the Appendices of this standard.
7.3.3 Design and Install Effective Water Wash Systems
For hydroprocessing units, the dissociation constant (Kp) shall be

calculated and reported where ammonium bisulfide and ammonium
chloride fomation are expected. Water wash shall be installed before
reaching the salt formation temperature and a strategy on how
(continuous or intermittent) and when to use it shall be established.
Process water wash systems shall be designed to deliver sufficient water

such that at least 25% of the injected water remains in the liquid phase.
Demonstrate the adequacy of design by providing calculations for the
phase distribution of injected water and for the ability of the water
injection pipework and nozzle to deliver the required volume of water.
Use an injection nozzle following the designs presented in SABP-A-015.
Continuous water wash is the norm for ammonium bisulfide control,
while intermittent water wash is the norm for ammonium chloride
removal in hydroprocessing units. For deviations from these practices,
consult with the Corrosion Control Standards Committee Chairman.
7.3.4 For process streams operating above 450°F (232C) without hydrogen,
modified McConomy Curves shall be used to estimate corrosion rate.
Extrapolation of the curve below 500°F (260C) is allowed.
7.3.5 For reactor effluent of hydro processing units operating above 400°F
(204C) containing hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide, Couper-Gorman
Curves shall be used. For reactor feed streams containing hydrocarbons
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and hydrogen or separator liquid containing some hydrogen (before or

after pressure let down), corrosion rate shall be determined by the higher
value of the Couper-Gorman Curves and modified McConomy Curves.
7.3.6 For corrosion rates and control in hydroprocessing units’ reactor effluent
air cooler systems, specifically, and refinery sour water, in general,
ammonium bisulfide corrosion prediction software shall be used, if
available; otherwise, API RP 932-B shall be used.
7.3.7 For corrosion rate in the amine systems, API RP 945, Appendix B, shall
be used.
7.3.8 Corrosion control for each sour overhead reflux system (for each major
tower) shall be evaluated separately to determine its corrosiveness.
If there is no chemical treatment or water wash proposed for a main
fractionator overhead system, consult with the Chairman of the
Corrosion Control Standards Committee.
7.3.9 For high temperature hydrogen services, API RP 941 shall be used to
assess the risk of high temperature hydrogen attack. A 50°F (28C) and
50 psi (345 kPa) safety margins shall be added to the maximum
operating temperature and hydrogen partial pressure, respectively.
8 Corrosion Management Program Requirements
8.1 Each new project or major facility revision shall include a Corrosion
Management Program (CMP) to reduce the total cost of ownership and to reduce
the operational, safety, and environmental impact of corrosion and materials
failure. The main deliverable from CMP is the Corrosion Control Document
(CCD), which shall
8.1.1 Follow the intent and structure of the Saudi Aramco Best Practice
SABP-A-033, Corrosion Management Program (CMP) Manual.
8.1.2 Be documented or referenced in a Refinery Instruction Manual (RIM),

Operation Instruction Manual (OIM) or equivalent document for other
facilities.
8.1.3 Provide a proactive, integrated, and structured approach to all aspects of

corrosion management from design through operation and maintenance
to decommissioning.
8.1.4 Establish benchmarks and key performance indicators at all levels of that
structured approach.

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8.1.5 Use realistic service life of the facilities as a means to calculate cost
effective corrosion and materials failure control options.
8.1.6 Use a risk-based evaluation to optimize the materials and corrosion

design and the planned inspection program. The methodology outlined
in SAEP-343 shall be used where facilities built can be assessed using
API RP 580/581.
8.2 The CCD submitted at each stage of the project review process: Design Basis
Scoping Paper, Project Proposal, and Detailed Design shall be submitted for
review and approval of the Coordinator, Project Consulting Services Division
(PCSD), Consulting Services Department. During major facility/field upgrade,
existing CCD’s shall be reviewed and submitted as the input from projects.
At the Project Proposal and Detailed Design stages, the submission shall be a
separate document with details appropriate to that stage of the design process.
At the project completion stage, the Corrosion Control Document shall be
submitted including corrected, as-built drawings, corrosion/inspection
isometrics, baseline on-stream inspection data, and all requirements by
standards, in accordance with SAEP-122.
8.3 Integration of CMP Plans between Different Projects
8.3.1 If major projects are arranged as two or more independent budget items
(BI’s) such as offshore pipelines, production facilities, and onshore
processing plants, the CMP shall be integrated as necessary to facilitate
the design, building, and operation of each separate BI and/or BI and
existing facility.
Commentary Note:
For example, where a recirculating inhibitor, mono ethylene glycol (MEG)

or other chemical system is used offshore and reprocessed in the
onshore plant, the two CMP’s shall be integrated. Where onshore
facilities, such as a slug catcher or separator receive fluids from offshore,
sample locations, as required by the upstream offshore project, shall be
provided by the plant project as shall the capabilities to perform the
required analyses. Corrosion monitoring data shall be made available to
both upstream and downstream projects through software programming
supported by hard copy, as required.
8.3.2 The integrated CMP plans, Corrosion Control Documents, shall be

included in the submission for review and approval as per Paragraph 8.2.
CSD/PCSD/ME&CPS shall be the final authority concerning the need to
integrate part or all of the Corrosion Management Programs as described
in 8.3.1.

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8.4 All aspects of the design, construction, and operation cycle shall be addressed in
the corrosion management program including:
8.4.1 Scoping and design phases, procurement, construction, commissioning,

operation, inspection, major maintenance, and mothballing and
decommissioning.
8.4.2 The CMP will include corrosion of structures and utility systems in
addition to the process systems.
8.4.3 The CCD shall document all design features and operating requirements
regarding materials selection, coatings, cathodic protection, inhibitors
and chemical treatment, calculation of corrosion allowances, corrosion
monitoring and inspection, post-weld heat treatment if required,
scraping, control of microbially-induced corrosion, and other relevant
corrosion control techniques necessary to comply with this standard.
8.5 CMP at the Design Basis Scoping Paper (DBSP) Stage
The CMP at the Design Basis Scoping Paper stage shall be at the level of details
provided for the project. It shall include conceptual corrosion loops, corrosion
loops diagrams and potential damage mechanisms. It shall include design
choices, and any need for additional field data or corrosion test data. It shall
include basic requirements to build pipelines suitable for in-line inspection in
accordance with Paragraph 9.8 of this standard. The DBSP shall define the end
presentation format of the operational CMP.
Commentary Notes:
 Design choices could include the selection of a larger diameter pipeline between
two platforms to facilitate through-platform in-line inspection, thus reducing future
inspection costs, the choices between different types of process units that achieve
the same end, the purchase of steam or treated water from a third party, and the
choice to complete wells with tubing that must be replaced frequently versus alloy
tubing with an indefinite life span.
 Specific design choices might include the provision of a sub-sea valve with a design
life of 50 years to avoid the necessity to do maintenance on a sub-sea valve.
It might also include the selection of wireless data transmission for process control
which could be expanded to include wireless corrosion monitoring. It could also
include the decision to provide internal coating in a long pipeline to avoid the cost
and impact of black powder generation.
 The need for additional data could be the need for additional drill stem tests for a
producing formation or it could be the need to test corrosion inhibitor packages.

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8.6 CMP at the Project Proposal (PP) and Detailed Design (DD) Stages
8.6.1 The CMP at the project proposal stage will clearly define all roles and
responsibilities in the selection of materials and development of
corrosion control strategies for the project. This will include
responsibility for design choices, procurement and quality assurance, as
well as all aspects of field implementation through to commissioning,
and shall maintain documented records to verify the same.
The CMP at the Project Proposal and Detailed Design stages shall also
clearly specify for inclusion in engineering contracts all records and
actions that must be completed per SAEP-122, Project Records.
Commentary Note:
The CMP at the Project Proposal stage shall include the scope of
corrosion monitoring fittings and equipment such as the need to provide
in-line inspection (pipeline scraping) facilities or intrusive corrosion
monitoring probes and data processing such that adequate funding can
be assigned at the Project Proposal stage.
8.6.2 Table 2 provides a list of all CMP minimum mandatory requirement,

while below are further details to these requirements to be included in
the Corrosion Control Document (CCD), the main deliverable from the
CMP:
Commentary Note:
Several of the components listed in Table 2; e.g., Inspection Plan,

Corrosion Risk Assessment, Coating Selection, CP Plan, etc., will be
major stand-alone document which may be referenced in the CCD but
would not be included in it due to the magnitude of detail required.
8.6.2.1 Corrosion Loops (CLs) and Damage Mechanisms (DMs) write-

up which includes a short process description, a list of
equipment and major piping, and a list potential damage
mechanisms.
8.6.2.2 Corrosion Loops Diagrams (CLD): color-coded Process Flow

Diagrams (PFD) or Materials Selection Diagrams (MSD) that
reflect the developed corrosion loops and damage mechanisms.
8.6.2.3 Damage Mechanisms Narratives as per SABP-A-033 and

API RP 571. The narratives shall include: damage mechanism
number, description of damage mechanism, affected materials
of construction, affected process equipment, control
methodology, monitoring techniques and KPI’s.

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8.6.2.4 Materials Selection Tables (MST) and Materials Selection

Diagrams (MSD). Preliminary development and approval of
these must be completed at the Project Proposal stage.
Final completion and approval of these tables must be done in
a timely manner to allow necessary review and approval time
before it is necessary to commit to major long lead-time
purchases such as vessels. Generally, this will be before the
30% Detailed Design Review.
8.6.2.5 MST shall be used to host all process design and maximum
operating conditions (temperature and pressure), fluid
description, fluid phase, water dew point, minimum design
metal temperature (MDMT), corrosive component
concentration, licensor's materials recommendation,
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) materials
recommendation, final materials selection decision, valve trim,
expected corrosion mechanism(s), corrosion allowance,
estimated corrosion rate, design life, heat treatment
requirement, and piping component specification number.
Special fabrication and corrosion control requirements shall
also be documented on MST in the form of notes. Corrosion
control and materials selection shall meet all requirements
stated in this standard noting in particular Paragraph 5.3.
8.6.2.6 Integrity Operating Windows detailing critical

operating/chemical parameters based upon the maximum and
minimum limits, where applicable, with the selected
metallurgies and corrosion control strategies necessary to
maintain operational integrity (safety limits), mechanical
integrity (integrity limits), and functional integrity
(performance limits). Integrity Operating Windows shall be
reviewed approved by the Proponent organization and
CSD/ME&CPS.
8.6.2.7 Risk based analysis shall be used to validate the materials and
corrosion control strategies developed and integrity operating
windows, and to develop future inspection requirements.
8.6.2.8 Materials Selection Diagrams (MSD) shall be developed that are

color coded diagrams to summarize materials selection results
for easy review. MSD shall include key process data and follow
the requirements of NACE SP 0407, Format, Content, and
Guidelines for Developing a Materials Selection Diagram.

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8.6.2.9 Deviations in materials and corrosion control techniques in the

detailed engineering drawings from those approved in the MST
and MSD may only be made with the approval of the Project
Management Team Manager, the proponent organization
superintendent and the Supervisor, Materials Engineering Unit,
CSD.
Table 2 – CMP Minimum Mandatory Requirements at Each Project Review Stage

CMP Requirement List in Corrosion Control Document Initiation Completion
(Design and Procurement & Construction Stages) Stage Stage
1 Unit Process Overview DBSP 30% DD
2 Corrosion Loops & Damage Mechanisms DBSP 30% DD
2.1 Corrosion Loop (CL) Description 30% PP 30% DD
2.2 Major Piping/Equipment Materials of 30% PP 30% DD
Construction
2.3 Listing of Damage Mechanisms Numbers DBSP 30% DD
2.4 Corrosion Loop Diagrams (CLD) DBSP 30% DD
3 Damage Mechanisms Narratives 30% PP 30% DD
4 Corrosion Risk Assessment 30% PP 30% DD
4.1 Input Data
4.2 Assumptions
4.3 Risk Matrix
4.4 Acceptance Criteria
4.5 Major Findings
4.6 RBI Spreadsheet complete with all data
5 Corrosion Control Methods DBSP 90% DD
5.1 Materials Selection Philosophy DBSP 30% DD
5.1.1 Materials Selection Tables (MST) 30% PP 30% DD
5.1.2 Materials Selection Diagrams (MSD) 30% PP 30% DD
5.2 Chemical Inhibition & Water Wash 30% PP 90% DD
5.2.1 Drawing with Chemicals & Wash Water
Injection Locations
5.2.2 Chemical Evaluation Analysis
5.2.3 Chemical Selection/Injection Basis
5.2.4 Wash Water Source
5.2.5 Water Wash Injection Basis
5.3 Coatings Selection Plan (stand-alone input in 30% PP 30% DD
index H)
5.4 Cathodic Protection Plan (stand-alone CP Plan 30% DD 90% DD
in index X)
6 Inspection Plan 30% PP 90% DD

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CMP Requirement List in Corrosion Control Document Initiation Completion

(Design and Procurement & Construction Stages) Stage Stage
6.1 Isometric Drawings with Condition Monitoring
Locations (CML)
6.2 Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Method
6.3 On-stream Inspection (OSI) Initial Frequency
6.4 Format Baseline OSI data input to SAP/SAIF
7 Corrosion Monitoring 30% PP 90% DD
7.1 Drawings with location
7.2 Monitoring Type
7.3 Corrosion Monitoring System Requirements
8 Process Fluid Sampling 30% PP 90% DD
8.2 Sample Analysis Type
8.3 Sample Frequency
9 Integrity Operating Windows (IOW) 30% PP 90% DD
10 CMP Dashboard 30% DD 90% DD
10.1 Supervisor/Engineer Level
10.2 Division Head Level
10.3 Manager Level
10.4 VP Level
11 CMP Strategies during construction 30% DD 90% DD
12 CMP Strategies before, during and subsequent to 30% PP 90% DD
commissioning
12.1 Management of Change (TQs, waivers, etc.) 30% PP 90% DD
12.2 Corrosion Control Plan during transport 30% DD 90% DD
12.3 Corrosion Control Plan during hydrotest, 30% DD 90% DD
pre-hydrotest
12.4 Corrosion Control Plan during preservation of 30% DD 90% DD
major equipment
12.5 Corrosion Control Plan during start-up and 30% DD 90% DD
operation
12.6 Corrosion Control Plan during extended 30% DD 90% DD
downtime and initial T&I
12.7 List of documents to turnover to Operations 30% DD 90% DD
8.6.3 Contractor Lead Process Engineer (CLPE). The CLPE shall be the
keeper of materials selection information and results and shall be
responsible for ensuring compliance.
8.6.3.1 Keeper of the Materials Selection Tables (MST) and Materials

Selection Diagrams (MSD)
a) Create MST and populate process information to MST
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b) Populate licensor's materials recommendations to MST

c) Identify and list corrosive components defined in SAO
Mandatory Engineering Requirements and Best Practices
d) Populate concentration for each corrosive component on
MST
e) Issue MST to Contractor's Materials Engineering
Department for materials selection
f) Create MSD based on MST
g) Contractor internal review of MST and MSD
h) Issue MST and MSD to SAO for approval
i) Update process information on MST when process design
is changed and repeat Steps v to viii and create change
logs.
8.6.3.2 Identify all chemical treatment and water washing locations

and obtain SAO approval.
a) Mark all chemical treatment and water washing locations
on PFD and P&ID
b) Prepare a list of chemical treating and water washing
locations
c) Provide brief description of the purposes and control
limits of each chemical treatment or water washing
program
d) Define job scope of these treating or water washing
programs in the detail design stage
e) Provide detailed injection point design drawings and
specify materials in a specific MST per 8.6.2.
f) Follow requirements of SABP-A-015 and the guidance of
NACE Publication 34101.
8.6.4 Contractor Materials Engineer (CME). The CME shall have the
following responsibilities:
8.6.4.1 Perform materials selection in accordance with information

provided by CLPE and this standard.
8.6.4.2 Identify conflicts between licensor's recommendations and

SAO requirements and provide inputs for conflict resolutions.

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8.6.4.3 Provide technical inputs to improve materials selection results,

corrosion control measures, and fabrication requirements.
8.6.5 Contractor Piping Engineer (CPE)
8.6.5.1 CPE is responsible for converting materials selection results

into line class specifications.
8.6.5.2 CPE is responsible to consolidate various line class

specifications from different vendors into a single set of project
line class specifications.
8.6.5.3 CPE is responsible for creating piping fabrication packages in

accordance with SAO materials and fabrication requirements.
8.6.6 The design shall include a corrosion monitoring and inspection plan and
facilities to assure that essential corrosion control parameters are
maintained within KPI's. Corrosion monitoring requirements are
detailed in Section 9 of this standard.
8.6.6.1 The EPC shall develop corrosion loops, corrosion loop

drawings, and on-stream inspection points for all process and
other systems with a predicted corrosion rate in excess of 1
mpy based on the risk based analysis that was completed under
paragraph 8.6.2.7. EIS (Equipment Inspection Schedule) data
sheets shall be developed in accordance with SAEP-20,
Paragraph 4.1.
The Corrosion Loops shall define all applicable damage

mechanisms following the intent of SABP-A-033 and
API RP 571. The Corrosion Loops shall define the Integrity
Operting Window for equipment such as temperature, pressure,
velocity, maximum allowable corrosion rate, etc. Measurable
KPIs shall be listed.
3-D CAD models, if developed for the project, shall segment

complex items that involve more than one corrosion loop into
different drawing elements. For example, a column that has
three significantly different corrosive conditions or materials at
different heights in the column must be segmented into three
drawing elements to represent the three different corrosion
zones.
8.6.6.2 Simplified isometrics specifically designed to assist the

inspection program shall be developed by the EPC and
approved by the Plant Inspection Unit.
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8.6.6.3 The EPC shall complete the baseline OSI survey, in accordance
with SAEP-122. The data shall be submitted in the SAP/SAIF
format to Plant Inspection Unit for review and approval.
The approved data shall be input to the SAP/SAIF inspection
program no later than one month before the “on-stream” date.
8.6.6.4 The EPC shall develop inspection and monitoring programs for
special items including but not limited to: injection points per
01-SAIP-04; corrosion under insulation per 00-SAIP-74 and
EFC-55; inspection of nipples, nozzles, and vents. A dead leg
inspection program shall also be developed, if dead legs cannot
be removed during design or fabrication, and must remain in
place.
8.7 CMP at the Procurement & Construction Stage
8.7.1 The CMP shall include a program to ensure quality assurance of

materials installed and construction processes used, such as welding, in
the fabrication of plant. This shall include qualification of vendors and
sub-contractors of key equipment and material, physical inspection at
key vendor sites during manufacturing of equipment. It shall include
Positive Material Identification programs meeting or exceeding the
requirements of SAES-A-206 and API RP 578. This shall include a
secure materials management program to identify, segregate, and track
different grades and specifications of process piping and equipment, and
welding consumables.
8.7.2 The CMP shall include a program to preserve materials and minimize
corrosion during the delivery, storage, construction, and commissioning
activities. This preservation program shall also include the preservation
of Class 19 essential spares and similar items supplied with the project
which shall be preserved in a suitable manner to provide ten years
preservation outdoors in Saudi Arabia without intervention except for the
addition of electrical power for heating coils, where necessary.
8.7.3 The CMP shall include measures to monitor and mitigate against
equipment transportation/shipping fatigue. In case where fatigue cracks
are detected, they shall be assessed using guidelines in API RP 579.
8.7.4 The CMP shall ensure that corrosion is prevented before, during, and
subsequent to commissioning. Particular emphasis is placed upon
approving and following hydrotest procedures. The following are
mandatory documentation to be provided prior to commissioning:

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8.7.4.1 PMT shall ensure that all drawings (including MSDs) within
the scope of the project must be updated to reflect the “as built”
condition of the plant and these drawings must be installed into
the iPlant integrated plant information system a minimum of
one month before the “On-Stream date.”
8.7.4.2 PMT shall ensure that 3-D CAD drawing programs are updated
to reflect the as-built condition a minimum of one month before
the “On-Stream date.”
8.8 CMP at the Operation & Maintenance Stage
8.8.1 For facilities that have CMP developed during the design stage and/or
deployed during the operate and maintain stage for their major units, it is
advised to verify and assess the program in coordination and agreement
with CSD/AR&IMD/Corrosion Management Group.
Commentary Note:
In some cases, the units’ operations do not closely follow the actual
design basis and materials balance. In these cases, revision of CMP is
warranted.
The major components of CMP at the operation and maintenance stage

to be included in the Corrosion Control Document are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 – Major Components of CMP at the Operation and Maintenance Stage

CMP Requirement List in Corrosion Control Document
(Operations and Maintenance)
1 Unit Process Overview
2 Top Corrosion Challenges
3 Corrosion Loops & Damage Mechanisms
3.1 Corrosion Loop (CL) Description
3.2 Major Piping/Equipment Materials of Construction
3.3 Listing of Damage Mechanisms Numbers
3.4 Corrosion Loop Diagrams (CLD)
4 Damage Mechanisms Narratives
5 Corrosion Risk Assessment/Risk Based Inspection
5.1 Input Data
5.2 Assumptions
5.3 Risk Matrix
5.4 Acceptance Criteria
5.5 Major Findings

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CMP Requirement List in Corrosion Control Document

(Operations and Maintenance)
6 Corrosion Control Methods
6.1 Materials Selection
6.1.1 Materials Selection Diagrams (MSD)
6.2 Chemical Inhibition & Water Wash
6.2.1 Drawing with Chemicals & Wash Water Injection Locations
6.2.2 Chemical Types
6.2.3 Chemical Injection Basis
6.2.4 Wash Water Source
6.2.5 Water Wash Injection Basis
6.3 Coatings Selection Plan
6.4 Cathodic Protection Plan
7 Inspection Plan
7.1 Isometric Drawings with Condition Monitoring Locations (CML)
7.2 Non-destructive Testing (NDT) Method
7.3 On-stream Inspection (OSI) Frequency Guidelines
8 Corrosion Monitoring
8.2 Monitoring Type
8.3 Corrosion Monitoring System Requirements
9 Process Fluid Sampling
9.2 Sample Analysis Type
9.3 Sample Frequency
10 Integrity Operating Windows (IOW)
11 CMP Dashboard
11.1 Supervisor/Engineer Level
11.2 Division Head Level
11.3 Manager Level
11.4 VP Level
12 Technologies
13 Manage Corrosion Work Processes Gap Analyses
8.8.2 The CMP dashboard shall be developed in cooperation with the

operating facility and will provide major KPI’s and IOW’s (Paragraph
8.6.2.6) showing targets, compliance, impact of deviations and actions to
rectify these deviations and restore integrity. The CMP dashboard shall
provide different display levels as outlined in SABP-A-033.

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8.8.3 For projects where a 3-D CAD drawing package is developed, these data
shall presented in a user friendly 3-D interactive plant display operating
on Microstation design files that interfaces with an oracle or SQL
database management system and all plant information systems
including PI, SAIF, and SAP, and defined in 23-SAMSS-073, 3D Asset
Virtualization Tool, The data shall also be available in a “dashboard”
format providing informative summary information. 3-D CAD files
shall also be provided by major equipment vendors for heaters, vessels,
and other major equipment. If a 3-D CAD package is not required by the
project, then the final presentation form can be provided by the database
system.
8.8.4 The CMP shall include procedures for preventing damage where corrosion
or metallurgical failures may occur during start-up or operation.
Commentary Note:
Examples include: the need to preheat water in waste heat boilers in

sulfur plants in order to avoid shock condensation of sulfurous/sulfuric
acid on start-up, and the need to control the heating or cooling and
pressurization of 2¼ Cr reaction vessels.
8.8.5 The CMP shall include reference to the established OIM/RIM that
addresses the Management of Change (MOC) procedure within the
facility. That document shall include the requirement for review and
approval by the facility corrosion engineer of all process, operation, or
maintenance changes.
8.9 CMP at the Decommissioning (Mothballing) Stage
8.9.1 The CMP shall include procedures for preserving equipment where
special procedures are needed during downtime, as decided by the
operating facility.
Commentary Notes:
Examples include: the need to keep sulfur systems at temperature to

prevent acid gas condensation; the need to exclude oxygen from process
vessels that contain potentially corrosive deposits, and so forth.
Severe damage has occurred in distillation columns and other equipment

during downtime. Corrosive chloride salts such as ammonium or amine
chloride salts can cause corrosion at the rate of over 1,000 mpy if
exposed to moisture and air. Sulfide scales can cause polythionic acid
SCC of austenitic stainless steel (see paragraph 7.2.4.2).
8.9.2 The CMP provided by the EPC shall include preservation procedures for
all major pieces of equipment such as generators, turbines, large pumps,

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and similar items should it be necessary to mothball this equipment

sometime in the future.
Generally, these shall be written by the original equipment manufacturer

(OEM). These procedures shall include instructions for cleaning the
equipment after use in the planned service environment. The procedures
shall include detailed instructions and the measures required to preserve
shafts and bearings.
Commentary Note:
Under some circumstances, shafts in rotating equipment may deform if

left in place without rotation. Also, bearing surfaces may degrade.
Removal of shafts and vertical storage is one option. OEM shall specify if
this is necessary.
9 Corrosion Monitoring Facilities
9.1 Design and provide corrosion-monitoring capabilities for all new corrosion-
critical piping systems. Provide details of the corrosion monitoring philosophy
and design as part of CMP. The scope shall be submitted as part of the Project
Proposal to ensure adequate funding. A detailed submission is required during
the detailed design review. SAEP-1135 requires on stream inspection programs
to be developed for any system with a corrosion rate greater than 1 mpy.
Commentary Note:
For low-corrosive systems, the corrosion monitoring capabilities may be as simple

as providing access for ultrasonic surveys. The objective here is to develop a
philosophy early in a project so that the philosophy is reviewed and approved and
corrosion monitoring equipment may be installed along with any required access
platforms.
9.2 The corrosion monitoring plan shall include the number and approximate
location of corrosion monitoring fittings, the provision of safe permanent
adequately sized access to each test location, the measurement technique to be
employed, the provision of data management software, data transmission,
networking, racks, and marshaling cabinets.
9.2.1 In cases where multiple engineering contractors are working on various

units in integrated major projects, where possible, the engineering
contractors should interface to develop one integrated system that
maximizes use of existing facilities, e.g., computer server, and avoids
unnecessary duplication.
9.2.2 The selection of monitoring systems for new projects shall be approved
by CSD and the proponent corrosion engineer. Coupons are usually
required to complement and verify the on-line probe readings.
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9.3 Follow requirements in 01-SAMSS-023, Intrusive Online Corrosion Monitoring.

Refer to the approval requirements in 01-SAMSS-023, Paragraphs 5.1, 5.2, and
5.3.
9.4 Corrosion monitoring end devices shall not be installed more than two weeks in
advance of facility start-up to prevent excessive attack in a non-process
environment. Corrosion monitoring end devices shall not be exposed to any
hydrotest.
9.5 Corrosion monitoring systems (CMS) may be commissioned subsequently to the

signature of the Mechanical Completion Certificate (MCC). However, if this
occurs, the Project Management Team shall provide sufficient funding for
completion and start-up of CMS which must includes the provision of funds for
specialist manpower from the equipment manufacturer required to commission
and maintain the system.
9.6 Corrosion monitoring access fittings used shall follow requirements in

01-SAMSS-023. Generally, fittings used in refinery operations will be
retractable-type fittings. In selecting fittings, consideration must be given to
compatibility with the design of any pre-existing fittings in the plant. Use of
on-line retrievable/retractable fittings introduces a personnel safety risk;
however, that risk is controllable and shall be accounted for in the selection and
positioning of these fittings during the design phase. On-line retrievable fittings
shall not be used in any hydrogen service.
9.7 Corrosion monitoring fittings shall be positioned in consultation with the

Corrosion Engineer in CSD and Operating Facility. Generally, fittings used in
upstream operations will employ 2-inch high pressure fittings following the
general requirements of Library Drawing DA-950035. The fittings shall be
oriented as follows:
9.7.1 For non-hydrocarbon contaminated water systems where a line will be

filled completely with water, e.g., power water injection and utility
water, corrosion monitoring locations can be mounted at 3, 9, or 12
o'clock positions. Ease of access and serviceability are major
components in the position selection. The 6 o'clock fittings are not
normally employed.
9.7.2 For hydrocarbon-contaminated water systems where a line can be

partially filled with water and a hydrocarbon layer in the upper portion of
the pipe, e.g., produced water injection and oily-water processes,
corrosion monitoring locations shall be mounted at 3 or 9 o'clock
positions. The 12 o'clock mounting shall not be used except with the
specific prior written approval of the facility Corrosion Engineer, as

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hydrocarbon films can interfere with monitoring elements. The 6 o'clock

positions are not normally employed.
9.7.3 For liquid hydrocarbon systems, the design and positioning of the
corrosion monitoring fitting requires the specific prior written approval
of the facility Corrosion Engineer, in consultation with CSD.
Commentary Notes:
In some operations, monitoring is achieved through the use of 6 o'clock

position bottom of the line T-traps. The T-trap design reduces the
requirement for line elevation or the excavation of permanent servicing
pits. It also provides a collection area for water in low water cut lines.
The T-trap design provides double block and bleed isolation, for fitting
replacement or monitoring device servicing without the valve and
retriever or if the service valve and retriever are used, additionally,
the clearance axis is shifted to the horizontal from the vertical.
T-trap designs allow the use of finger-type probes in scraped systems.
Facility corrosion engineers and field organizations shall arrange for
flushing of these monitoring locations in combination with the scraping
program or as required to reflect conditions in system.
However, there are also disadvantages to the T-trap design.

Probes located in these tees will not experience velocity effects, will not
experience the filming effects of some inhibitors, and may allow and/or
promote the growth of SRB’s, if present.
9.7.4 Fittings mounted directly at the 6 o'clock position close to grade without
the T-trap design shall be elevated sufficiently to allow use of an access
tool without the use of service cellars which is restricted by SAES-B-008,
paragraph 5.
The 6 o'clock fittings can also accumulate debris in the internal fitting
threads as the probe is removed, possibly requiring a line shutdown to
clean and reinstate a probe or plug in the access fitting. Therefore, the
6 o'clock fittings shall not be used unless prior written approval is
obtained for each location from the Corrosion Engineer in the Operating
Facility, in consultation with CSD.
If the 6 o'clock mount fittings are approved, they shall not be directly
mounted to the process pipe, but shall have an isolation valve between
the pipe and the fitting. If not approved, then use the T-trap design, refer
to paragraph 9.7.3.
9.7.5 For gas hydrocarbon systems, if the gas line is prone to top-of-line
corrosion through condensation, then a 12 o'clock direct mount location
shall be selected. If a significant water phase is anticipated, then a
bottom of the line T-trap might be used. Alternately, if clearance and

Page 47 of 52
access are not of concern, then the 6 o'clock mounting with an

intervening isolation valve, might be considered.
9.8 Permanent safe access is required for any location where corrosion probes or
coupons need to be monitored, serviced, or replaced on-line following the
general requirements in Standard Drawing AA-036242.
The platform size provided for access to 2-inch high pressure fittings shall allow
the use of the high pressure access tool and valve within the confines of the
platform area. Provision shall be made on elevated platforms to assist in moving
the retriever equipment in place.
9.9 In-Line Inspection (ILI) requirements for pipelines, only
9.9.1 New pipelines shall be designed to accept and allow the passage of in-
line inspection tools as defined in the requirements of SAES-L-410 and
SAES-L-420.
9.9.2 PMT shall provide a baseline ILI survey in accordance with the
requirements of SAES-L-410, and the results shall be documented as
required by SAEP-122.
9.9.3 Follow the guidance of NACE SP 0102, In-Line Inspection of Pipelines.
9.9.4 Pipelines diameters may be sized to allow in-line inspection programs or

cleaning programs that are launched from one platform or facility,
transfer through another facility and into a second line, even when the
minimum velocity requirements of Paragraph 6.4 will not be met for one
or part of the lines. The ability to perform an internal inspection
program and an internal cleaning program is more important for effective
corrosion control than the velocity limitation. In the case of low flow or
intermittent flow, follow requirements in Paragraph 7.1.10. For more
information about mechanical scraping of pipelines during operation,
refer to SABP-L-012. For cleaning of pipelines, refer to SAES-L-488
and SAEP-388.
9.10 Corrosion monitoring of computer control rooms and DCS will be performed
following the requirements of SAES-J-801 and ISA 71.04.
Revision Summary
3 January 2015 Major revision.
Combine Commentary Note #1 with Paragraph 6.1.3 re. carbon dioxide corrosion severity
Change H2S/CO2 ratio from 0.6 to 0.5 in Paragraph 6.1.3, Commentary Note #2 to align with
results from SAER-5835 (Closure Report for TI COR-08/01/T: Define The Critical H2S to CO2 to
Select Downhole Tubular)
Page 48 of 52
Combine Paragraph 6.1.4 with main text in Paragraph 6.1

Convert the Commentary Notes in Paragraph 6.2.4 to the main text re. environments requiring
post-weld heat treatment
Add new Paragraph 6.4 on “Flow Concerns” from SAES-L-132 and move all materials
requirements from Appendices to SAES-L132
Align with NORSOK P-001 on providing maximum velocity limit for cross-country pipelines in
Paragraph 6.4.1.1 and max./min. flow velocities in Paragraph 6.4.2 for 90Cu-10Ni
Refer to SAES-B-070 “Fire and Safety Requirements for Bulk Plants, Air Fueling Terminals and
Sulfur Handling Facilities” in Paragraph 6.4.1.2.
Include all applicable MSAER in Paragraphs 7.1.2, 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.2.1, 7.2.2.3 - 7.2.2.6
Clarify coatings requirement in Paragraphs 7.1.5, 7.1.6, 7.1.12.1, 7.1.13.1
Correct limit of using Pikotek Gaskets in Paragraph 7.1.11.2
Remove reference to isolated devices temperature in Paragraph 7.1.11.3 and refer to
SAES-L-109.
Provide chloride limit for use of 300-series austenitic stainless steel following ISO 15156.
Remove temperature threshold for external protection of austenitic SS components in
Paragraph 7.2.5
Clarify HIC resistance requirements in Paragraphs 7.2.2.1, 7.2.2.3 – 7.2.2.6, 7.2.3.
Combine the dissociation factor (Kp) calculation requirement for ammonium bisulfide/
ammonium chloride in Paragraph 7.3.6 with the design of water wash system in Paragraph
7.3.3
Replace reference to API RP 581 (2.B.7) with API RP 932-B in Paragraph 7.3.6 for refinery
sour water corrosion
Replace reference to API RP 581 (2.B.8) with API RP 945 in Paragraph 7.3.7 for amine corrosion
Correct the safety margin in Paragraph 7.3.9
Replace reference to UK HSE document with SABP-A-033 in Paragraph 8.1.1
Re-organize Paragraph 8 to follow the facilities’ life cycle: design, procurement & construction,
operation & maintenance, and decommissioning
Move CMP integration Paragraphs to 8.3 from old 8.12
Clarify CMP requirement in DBSP in Paragraph 8.5
Add minimum mandatory requirement for CMP in Design, Procurement & Construction stage
and in Operations & Maintenance stages in Tables 2 and 3, respectively
Clarify Corrosion Loop requirements in Paragraph 8.6.2.1 - 8.6.2.3 and 8.6.2.6
Add requirements for CMP during transportation and shipping in Paragraph 8.7.3
Combine paragraphs on documentation, inspection requirements in Paragraph 8.7.4 re. CMP
at the Procurement & Construction stage
Replace reference to ISO 14224 with SABP-A-033 in Paragraph 8.8.2
Add restriction of below grade corrosion probe cellar as per SAES-B-008 in Paragraph 9.7.4
Update References and Definitions paragraphs
Update Approval Authorities based on CSD new structure
Include both English and SI Units.
1 January 2018 Editorial revision to modify paragraph 6.4.4.

Page 49 of 52
Appendix A – Refinery Services – General Requirements
Unless approved by SAO or specified otherwise in this document, the following guidelines
shall be used:
a. All piping components shall have a design life no less than 20 years.
b. A minimum corrosion allowance of 1/8” (3.2 mm) shall be used for process piping except
in CLEAN hydrocarbon streams below 450°F (232C) which is considered as the
threshold temperature for the onset of Sulfidation as per API RP 939-C.
c. A minimum corrosion allowance of 1/16” (1.6 mm) may be used for clean hydrocarbon
streams below 450°F (232C). Clean hydrocarbon streams include:
i. Hydrocarbon streams operate above water dew point or contain no free water
ii. Hydrocarbon streams contains less than 0.05 psia hydrogen sulfide in vapor phase
iii. Hydrocarbon streams does not contain acidic components such as chloride,
sulfolane, carbon dioxide, or other corrosive or erosive components such as amines,
salts, or solids
iv. For hard-to-decide hydrocarbon streams, it should not be considered clean
v. Most of hydrocarbon products or semi-finished products are considered clean
d. A minimum corrosion allowance of 1/16” (1.6 mm) shall be used for utility applications.
e. Materials selection shall be based on an estimated corrosion rate not higher than 3 mpy
for process piping. Corrosion rates shall be estimated in accordance with technical
Modules provided in this standard or sources proposed by the contractors and approved
by SAO.
f. Corrosion allowance, estimated corrosion rates, design life, and materials selection
technical module shall be documented on materials selection table.

Page 50 of 52
Appendix B – Hydrogen Free Sulfidation Corrosion with 1.0 TAN Maximum
For piping, materials selection for hydrogen free sulfidation environments shall follow
modified McConomy Curves for process applications with the maximum operating temperature
above 450°F (232C).
a. Sulfur content in weight percent shall be reported in all hydrogen free hydrocarbon
streams over 450°F (232C).
b. Both weight percent of sulfur in the liquid phase and H2S mole percent in the vapor phase
shall be reported in piping downstream of the pressure letdown valves in hydroprocessing
units. Both modified McConomy Curves and Couper Gorman Curves shall be used to
estimate corrosion rate by assuming 100% liquid or 100% vapor flow. The higher
corrosion rate shall be used to select materials for downstream of the pressure letdown
valves. Materials upgrade or extra corrosion allowance shall be considered for piping
located at the immediate downstream (10X pipe diameter) of the pressure letdown valves.
Materials consistency shall be maintained for piping between the separator liquid outlet
and downstream of the pressure letdown valve.
c. For Product Stripper and/or Main Fractionator bottom reboiler systems in
hydroprocessing units, the potential high corrosion rates of ferritic steels need to be
addressed.

Page 51 of 52
Appendix C – High Temperature Hydrogen Services
Materials selection in high temperature hydrogen services shall follow the latest revision of
API RP 941.
a. Hydrogen partial pressure in psia shall be reported in each hydrogen-containing stream
b. A safety margin of 50°F (28C) and 50 psia shall be added to the maximum operating
conditions to perform materials selection
c. Thermal Fatigue
Mixing of high temperature streams with low temperature streams can result in thermal
fatigue. 300 series stainless steels are particularly prone to this failure mechanism.
ΔT shall be limited to a maximum of 50C (90°F) for stainless steels. Upgrade or
downgrade materials to reduce the risk of this damage mechanism. Redesign thermal
injection point to have effective mixing center stream.
Coinject Streams
Do not inject counter-current as this has increased the risk of failure in plant operations.

Page 52 of 52

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What are the corrosion protection requirements specified in the document?

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Engineering Standard

SAES-L-133 1 January 2018

Appendix A - Refinery Services –

Previous Issue: 3 January 2015 Next Planned Update: 3 January 2020

©Saudi Aramco 2018. All rights reserved.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

SAEP-345 Composite Non-metallic Repair Systems for

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-L-420 Scraper Trap Station and Appurtenances

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

01-SAMSS-042 Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) Pipe and

Saudi Aramco Best Practices

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

SABP-A-021 Corrosion Control in Desalination Plants

Saudi Aramco Drawings

Saudi Aramco Inspection Procedures

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Petroleum Institute

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

API RP 932-B Design, Materials, Fabrication, Operation, and

European Federation of Corrosion

The International Society of Automation (ISA)

Manufacturers Standardization Society

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

NACE SP 0110 Wet Gas Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment

Caustic Cracking: A form of stress corrosion cracking characterized by surface-

Corrosion: Deterioration of a material, usually a metal, that results from a reaction

Corrosion-critical: Piping systems whose failure could present a hazard to humans or

defined as corrosion-critical by the operating organization with the concurrence of

Corrosion Loop Drawing: A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) or Materials Selection

Environmental Cracking: Brittle fracture of a normally ductile material in which the

EPC: Engineering, Procurement, and Construction contractor.

Erosion-corrosion: Conjoint action of erosion and corrosion in a flowing single or

Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC): The mechanism, related to hydrogen blistering,

In-Line Inspection (ILI): Internal inspection of a pipeline using an in-line inspection

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC): Refers to corrosion mechanisms

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

Pipelines: Include cross-country and offshore transportation lines, flowlines,

Piping: Includes pipelines, plant piping, and wellhead piping.

Integrity Operating Windows: A chemical or physical plant parameter with established

Polythionic Acid Stress Corrosion Cracking (PASCC): A form of stress corrosion

RSA: Responsible Standardization Agent.

Sensitization: Refers to the composition-time-temperature dependent formation

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): Cracking of a metal produced by the combined

Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC): Is a rare through-thickness type

Saudi Aramco: Company General Use

5 Minimum Mandatory Requirements

5.3 Normal, Foreseeable and Contingent Conditions

There may well be circumstances where a longer design life is

5.3.1.2 Process start up,

cracking, SOHIC, and other rapid environmental cracking mechanisms.