NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Josh Tank full ?

NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Previous Year Paper Analysis

Year NDA - MATRICES & DETERMINANTS

Number of question

I II
2020 4 -
2019 4 5
2018 5 3
2017 12 11
2016 8 7
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
Matrices

A Matrix is an arrangement of various elements

a11 a12 …………… a1n

a21 a22 …………… a2n
….

….
ith row aij rows
am1 am2 …………… amn
m×n
jth column
columns
[aij]
m×n
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Types of Matrices

1) Row matrix : A matrix with only one row and plural columns.

a11 a12. . . . . . . . a1n

1×n

2) Column matrix :

a11 A matrix with only one column

a21 and plural rows.
......

am1
m×1
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Types of Matrices
3) Zero/Null matrix :
Matrix in which all the elements are Zero.

0 0 …………… 0
0 0 …………… 0 i.e. aij = 0, ∀ i,
j

….
….

….
0 0 …………… 0
m×n
4) Horizontal matrix:
A Matrix that looks horizontal.
i.e. has More Columns and Less Rows or n > m

m×n
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Types of Matrices

5) Vertical matrix: A Matrix that looks vertical.

i.e. has More Rows and Less
Columns or m > n mxn

6) Square matrix : A matrix that has Equal number of rows and columns.

a11 a12 a1n i.e. m = n

…...…
a21 a22 a2n In a Square matrix, the
…...… elements with
aii same column and row
.
…

.
…
number
an1 an2 …...… ann are called Diagonal
m×n Elements.
For Square matrices: i.e. elements with i = j
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Trace : Trace is the Sum of Diagonal Elements.

n
∑aii = a11+ a22 + a33 ….. and so on
i=1
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

A) Triangular Matrix A Matrix with either, all upper diagonal or lower diagonal entries ZERO

I) Upper Triangular Matrix Matrix with, all lower diagonal entries:

Zero i.e. aij = 0, if ‘i > j’

a11 a12 a13 …...… a1n

0 a22 a23 …...… a2n
0 0 a33 …...… a3n
….

….
0 0 0 …...… amn
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

A) Triangular Matrix A Matrix with either, all upper diagonal or lower diagonal entries ZERO

II) Lower Triangular Matrix: Matrix with, all upper diagonal entries Zero
i.e. aij = 0, if ‘i < j’

0 0 …...… 0
a11
0 …...… 0
a21 a22
…...… 0
a31 a32 a33

….
….

an1 an2 am3 …...… amn

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

What is triangular matrix and define various types of triangular matrices ?

A) Triangular Matrix A Matrix with either, all upper diagonal or lower diagonal entries ZERO

III) Diagonal Matrix: Matrix with, all non-diagonal entries: Zero

i.e. aij = 0, if ‘i ≠ j’

a11 0 0 …...… 0
0 a22 0 …...… 0
0 0 a33 …...… 0
….

….
0 0 0 …...… amn
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Algebra of Matrices

Equality: Two matrices are said to be equal if:

1. Their orders are equal

2. Corresponding elements are equal.

2x 1 4 1
Example: = ⇒ 2x = 4
2 3 2 3

2x x + 1 4 3 has no solution
= ⇒
2 2 1 2 as a21 is not equal
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Algebra of Matrices

Addition of matrices Two matrices can be added only if :

Am×n + Bm×n = Cm×n
1. order of the matrices are equal
2. are to be added only term by term then, aij + bij = cij

Example:

1 2 3 2 4 0 1+2 2+4 3+0

+ =
1 0 1 –1 2 0 1+(–1) 0+2 1+0
2×3 2×3 2×3

3 6 3
=
0 2 1
2×3
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Algebra of Matrices

Multiplication by a constant

a11 a12 a13 ka11 ka12 ka13

Similarly while taking
k× a21 a22 a23 = ka21 ka22 ka23
common out it will come
a31 a32 a33 ka31 ka32 ka33 out from all entries

Example

2 4 4 8 When a matrix is multiplied by a

2× 1 2 = 2 4 constant k, then every element of
the matrix gets multiplied by k
1 0 2 0
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Algebra of Matrices

Multiplication of two Matrices :

Post multiplier

Am ×n × Bn × p = C m ×p

Pre multiplier

Number of Columns of First Matrix should be

equal to number of Rows of Second Matrix .
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Properties:

1. Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general.

A×B≠B×A Not always true

2. Matrix multiplication is associative.

(A×B) × C = A × (B×C)
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Properties:

4. If you multiply any matrix by null matrix, you get a null matrix

Am×n × On×n = Om×n

5. Exponential laws hold for square matrices, i.e.

An = A × An-1
Only for
m n m+n
A ×A =A square matrices

(Am)n = Amn
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Note: All the following definitions are defined ONLY for Square Matrices.

Nilpotent A2 = On
Idempotent A2 = A
Involutory A2 = I
Symmetric AT = A
Skew–Symmetric AT = –A
Orthogonal A×AT = I
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Transpose of a matrix

Matrix obtained by Interchanging Rows and Columns is called Transpose of a Matrix.

Symbol : AT or A′

a1 b1
a1 a2 a3
If A = a2 b2 ⇒ A = T
b1 b2 b3
a3 b3
2×3
3×2
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Properties :

1) (AT)T = A

2) (A + B)T = AT + B T Add and transpose is same as transpose and add

3) (KA)T = K(AT) K → constant

4) (AB)T = BTAT (Reversal law holds)

(A1 × A2…. = (AnT ….. A2T A1T) Generalized as

A n )T
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Symmetric Matrix:

Matrix A is said to be a Symmetric Matrix if: AT = A

which means it basically is Symmetric about the Diagonal.

i.e. aij = aji

a b c
Example b e f
c f g
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Skew – Symmetric Matrix:

Matrix A is said to be Skew–Symmetric if: AT = –A

i.e. aij = – aji

Properties Example 0 b c
aii = 0 ∀i≤n –b 0 f
–c –f 0
Proof: aij = –aji ⇒ aii = –aii
⇒ aii = 0
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Every matrix A can be written as sum of a Symmetric and a Skew–Symmetric Matrix.

1 1
A = (A + AT) + (A – AT)
2 2

Symmetric Skew – symmetric

The determinant of Skew-Symmetric Matrix of Odd Order is Zero.

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Adjoint of a Matrix

For any Square Matrix A, Adjoint of ‘A’ is defined as ‘Transpose’ of the Matrix obtained by
replacing all elements of Matrix A by their “Co–Factors”.
A a11 a12 a13
a21 a22 a23
=
a31 a32 a33
Co factor C11 C21 C31
Matrix of A C11 C12 C13
= C21 C22 C23 So Adj (A) = C12 C22 C32
C31 C32 C33 C13 C23 C33
Adj(A) = (Co – factor Matrix (A))T
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Properties of Adjoint of a Matrix

For Non–Singular Square Matrices, A and B we have the following results:

adj (AB) = adj(B)×adj(A) (Reversal law holds)

Property 1

Property 2 adj(kAn) = kn–1 adj (An) (k ⇒ constant)

Property 3 adj(AT) = (adj A)T (AT⇒ Transpose)

Property 4 |adj(A)| = |A|n–1 (|A|⇒ Determinant)

Property 5 adj(adj(A)) = |A|n–2 × A

Property 6 |adj(adj(A))| = |A|(n–1)2

NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Inverse
The conjugate of a complex of Matrix
number is denoted by Z

A If Z =matrix
square a + of
ib order n isZinvertible
then = a – ib if there exists a square matrix B of the
same order such that,
AB = In = BA

In such a case, we say that the inverse of A is B and we write, A–1 = B.

Clearly if A is non-singular (i.e. |A| ≠ 0) then A–1 is defined, and is given by

1
A–1 = × (adj(A)) Note: A–1 × A = I
|A|
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Properties of Inverse of a Matrix

Property 1 Inverse of a matrix is unique

Property 2 (AB)–1 = B–1A–1 (Reversal law)

Property 3 If A is an invertible square matrix; Then (A)T is also invertible and

(AT)–1 = (A–1)T

Property 4 The inverse of an invertible symmetric matrix is a symmetric matrix.

1
Property 5 | A–1 | = | A |–1 i.e. | A–1 | =
|A|
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

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NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

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NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q1. If x + a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of

NDA - II 2019
A 0

B (a + b + c)2

C a2 + b2 + c2

D a+b+c-2
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q1. If x + a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of

NDA - II 2019
A 0

B (a + b + c)2

C a2 + b2 + c2

D a+b+c-2
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q2. If , then the expression A3 - 2A2 is

NDA - II 2019
A A null matrix

B An identity matrix

C Equal to A

D Equal ti -A
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q2. If , then the expression A3 - 2A2 is

NDA - II 2019
A A null matrix

B An identity matrix

C Equal to A

D Equal ti -A
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q3. What is the value of the determinants

NDA - II 2019
A 0

B 12

C 24

D 36
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q3. What is the value of the determinants

NDA - II 2019
A 0

B 12

C 24

D 36
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q4. What are the values of x that satisfy the equation

NDA - II 2019
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q4. What are the values of x that satisfy the equation

NDA - II 2019
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q5. If , then what is adjoint of B equal to ?

NDA - I 2019
A

D It does not exist

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q5. If , then what is adjoint of B equal to ?

NDA - I 2019
A

D It does not exist

NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q6. If , then what are the values of x and y respectively?

NDA - I 2019
A -3,4

B 3,4

C 3,-4

D -3,-4
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q6. If , then what are the values of x and y respectively?

NDA - I 2019
A -3,4

B 3,4

C 3,-4

D -3,-4
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q7. What is the inverse of the matrix

NDA - I 2018
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q7. What is the inverse of the matrix

NDA - I 2018
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q8. If A is a 2 × 3 matrix and AB is a 2 × 5 matrix, then B must be a

NDA - I 2018
A 3 × 5 matrix

B 5 × 3 matrix

C 3 × 2 matrix

D 5 × 2 matrix
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q8. If A is a 2 × 3 matrix and AB is a 2 × 5 matrix, then B must be a

NDA - I 2018
A 3 × 5 matrix

B 5 × 3 matrix

C 3 × 2 matrix

D 5 × 2 matrix
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q9. If and A2 - kA - I2 = O, where I2 is the 2 × 2 identity matrix,

then what is the value of k?

NDA - I 2018
A 4

B -4

C 8

D -8
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q9. If and A2 - kA - I2 = O, where I2 s the 2 × 2 identity matrix,

then what is the value of k?

NDA - I 2018
A 4

B -4

C 8

D -8
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q10. For a square matrix A, which of the following properties hold?

1. 3.
NDA - II 2018

2.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A 1 and 2 only

B 2 and 3 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1,2, and 3
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q10. For a square matrix A, which of the following properties hold?

1. 3.

2.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

NDA - II 2018

A 1 and 2 only

B 2 and 3 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1,2, and 3
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q11. Which one of the following factors does the expansions of the determinant
contain ?

A x-3
NDA - II 2018

B x-y

C Y-3

D x-3y
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q11. Which one of the following factors does the expansions of the determinant
contain ?

A x-3
NDA - II 2018

B x-y

C Y-3

D x-3y
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q12. What is the adjoint of the matrix

NDA - II 2018
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q12. What is the adjoint of the matrix

NDA - II 2018
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q13. If then α is equal to

NDA - I 2017
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q13. If then α is equal to

NDA - I 2017
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q14. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then the

value of det(B-1 AB) is equal to

A det (B) NDA - I 2017

B det (A)

C det (B-1)

D det (A-1)
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q14. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then the

value of det(B-1 AB) is equal to

A det (B) NDA - I 2017

B det (A)

C det (B-1)

D det (A-1)
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q15. If a ≠ b ≠ c, then one value of x which satisfies the equation

Is given by

A a NDA - I 2017

B b

C c

D 0
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q15. If a ≠ b ≠ c, then one value of x which satisfies the equation

is given by

NDA - I 2017
A a

B b

C c

D 0
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q16. The equations

A Have the unique solution NDA - I 2017

B Have infinitely many solutions

C Are inconsistent

D None of the above

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q16. The equations

A Have the unique solution NDA - I 2017

B Have infinitely many solutions

C Are inconsistent

D None of the above

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q17. If α and β are the roots of the equation 1 + x + x2 = 0, then the

matrix product is equal to

NDA - II 2017
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
α
β
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q17. If α and β are the roots of the equation 1 + x + x2 = 0, then the

matrix product is equal to

NDA - II 2017
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q18. If A is a square matrix, then the value of adjAT - (adj A)T is equal to

A A NDA - I 2017

B 2|A|I, where I is the identity matrix

C Null matrix whose order is same as that of A

D Unit matrix whose order is same as that of A

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q18. If A is a square matrix, then the value of adjAT - (adj A)T is equal to

A A NDA - I 2017

B 2|A|I, where I is the identity matrix

C Null matrix whose order is same as that of A

D Unit matrix whose order is same as that of A

 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q19. The value of the determinant for all values of θ, is

A 1 NDA - I 2017

B Cos θ

C Sin θ

D Cos 2θ
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q19. The value of the determinant for all values of θ, is

A 1 NDA - I 2017

B Cos θ

C Sin θ

D Cos 2θ
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q20. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of the matrix
is equal to

A NDA - I 2017

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q20. If a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then the inverse of the matrix
Is equal to

NDA - I 2017
A

D
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q21. Consider the following in respect of the matrix

1. A2 = -A
2. A3 = 4 A
Which of the above is/are correct ?

A 1 only NDA - 2016

B 2 only

C Both 1 and 2

D Neither 1 nor 2
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q21. Consider the following in respect of the matrix

1. A2 = -A
2. A3 = 4 A
Which of the above is/are correct ?

A 1 only NDA - 2016

B 2 only

C Both 1 and 2

D Neither 1 nor 2
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q22. Which of the following determinants have value ‘zero’ ?

1. 2. 3.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A NDA - I 2016
1 and 2 only

B 2 and 3 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2 and 3
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q22. Which of the following determinants have value ‘zero’ ?

1. 2. 3.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

A NDA - I 2016
1 and 2 only

B 2 and 3 only

C 1 and 3 only

D 1, 2 and 3
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q23. Which one of the following matrix is an elementary matrix ?

A NDA - I 2015

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q23. Which one of the following matrix is an elementary matrix ?

NDA - I 2015
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q24. If then the matrix X for which 2X + 3A = 0 holds

true is

NDA - II 2015
A

D
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution:
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q24. If then the matrix X for which 2X + 3A = 0 holds

true is

NDA - II 2015
A

D
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

#LetsSHOOT
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q25. Consider the following in respect of the matrix ;

1. The matrix A is skew-symmetric.
2. The matrix A is symmetric.
3. The matrix A is invertible.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
NDA - I 2014
A 1 only

B 3 only

C 1 and 3

D 2 and 3
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT
NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Thank You
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Q25. Consider the following in respect of the matrix ;

1. The matrix A is skew-symmetric.
2. The matrix A is symmetric.
3. The matrix A is invertible.
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
NDA - I 2014
A 1 only

B 3 only

C 1 and 3

D 2 and 3
 NDA 2020: MATRICES & DETERMINANTS in 1 SHOT

Solution: