BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

[ BASIC CONCEPTS)
The p.m.f. of binomial distribution is given as Notation: X Var (X) = cr2
; x = 0, 1,2, ... If 11 = 0 and cr2 = 1 then normal random variable is
P [X = x] = ( ~) pX qn-x ;0<p < 1 known as standard normal variable.
=
; and q 1 - P
The p.d.f. of standard normal distribution is given as :
Notation: X - B(n, p) 2
z
E(X) = np and Var (X) = npq 1 "2
~e
The p.m.f. of Bemoulli distribution is given by fCz)
pX ql-x , X = 0, 1 o otherwise
P [X = x] = { 0 < p < 1, q = 1 - P
o ,otherwise Notation: Z - NCO,1), E(Z) = 0 and Var (Z) = 1

E(X) = p, Var (X) = pq

The p.d.f. of normal distribution with parameters 11and
cr2 is given by
(x - 11)2 -oo<x<oo
1 ---r-
--e 20"
-00<11<00
f(x) cr{2it
cr>O
o otherwise

[ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are

(a) npq, np (b) np, npq 5. If a fair coin is tossed 8 times, then probability that it
!!£ n shows heads more often than tails is ....
(c) np, q (d)p' nq 8 93
(a) 256 Cb)256
2. From the past experience, 2 out of 3 patients admitted
to the hospital are cured. If 6 patients are admitted, 28 56
(c) 256 (d) 256
then the probability of 4 patients being cured is ....
76 32 6. India plays 2 matches each with West Indies and
(a) 243 (b) 243 Australia. In any match, probabilities of India getting
80 100 0, 1, 2 points are 0.45, 0.05, 0.50 respectively. If the
Cc) 243· Cd) 243 outcomes are independent, then the probability of
3. The chances of a soldier hitting the target and missing India getting at least 7 points is ....
1 7
it are 3 : 2. Then the probability that the target is hit (a) "8 (b) 80
at least once in 4 tries is
7 1
518 576 (c) "8 (d) 80
Ca) 625 (b) 625
602 7. Items produced by a company are supposed to
(c) 625 (d) 609 contain 5% defective items. Probability that a sample
625
of 8 items will contain less than 2 defective items is ..
4. The mean and variance of a binomial distribution are
4 and 3 respectively. 153 (1)7
(a) 20 20
27
e» 20
(19)7
20
Then P(X = ~) is .....
(30) (314) 541 (19)6
(c) 400 20
35 (1)6
Cd)T6 20
(a) 415
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

8. In a box contammg 100 bulbs, 64 are defective. 15. From a box containing 20 tickets numbered 1 to 20,
Probability that, in a sample of 5 bulbs, none is four tickets are drawn one by one. After each draw,
defective, is .... the selected ticket is returned to the box. Then
probability that the greatest number on the ticket
(a)(;5)5 9
(b) 10 drawn is 15 is ....
27
(C)GY 1
(d) 105 (b) 320

9. If the chance of a gunshot hitting a target is 0.2, then (d) none of these
the probability that at least 2 shots out of 10 will hit
the target is .... 16. A binomial probability distribution is symmetrical, if

(4)10 z"5 (4)10

the probability p of success in a single trial is ....
7
(a) 1 - 5 (b)l+ (a) less than q =I- P (b) greater than 112
4)10
(c) 1 - 7 ( "5 Cd)none of these
(c) less than 112 (d) equal to 112
17. If X ~ B(n, p) and Y = n, then: Y ~
10. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. then (a) B(p, n) (b) B(n, 1 - p)
probability that in the next six trials there are at least
(c) NCO,1) (d) none of these
4 successes is ....
496 432
18. A random variable X follows a binomial distribution
(a) 729 (b) 729 with n = 4.
256 233 If P(X = 2) = 3 P(X = 3) then value of pis
(c) 729 (d) 729 1 1
(a)Z (b)"}
11. Numbers are selected at random, one at a time, from
the numbers 00, 01,02, ... ,99, with replacement. An 3 1
(c) 4" (d) 4"
event A occurs iff the product of the two digits of a
selected number is 18. If 4 numbers are selected, then 19. A machine is known to produce 10% defective items.
probability that A occurs at least 3 times is .... Then the probability that a lot of 10 items produced
72 68 by the machine dies not contain defective item is .....
(a) (25)4 (b) (25)4
(a)
1)10
(10 (b)
(3)10
10
97
(c)(2st (d) none of these
9)10
(c) ( 10
(6)10
(d) 10
12. If 5 coins are tossed simultaneously, then probability
of at least one head is .... 20. Bernoulli distribution is a particular case of binomial
5 7 distribution if .....
(a) 32 (b) 16
(a) n = 4 Cb)n = 1
1
(c) 32
31
(d) 32 (c) n = 10 (d) n = 8

13. A boy is throwing stones at a target. Probability of 21. In a binomial distribution with n = 4 if
hitting the target at any throw is 0.5. Probability of 2P(X = 3) = 3P(X = 2) then value of p is ...
hitting the target Sth time at the l O" throw is .... 9 4
laC ~ (a) 13 (b) 13
(a) --:fW (b) 29
6 7
5 Cc)13 (d) 13
(c)2JO (d) none of these

14. The probability that a marksman will hit a target is t. 22. The probability that a student is not a swimmer is t.
Then the probability that out of 5 student chosen at
The probabiiity of at least one hit in 10 shots is .... random, 4 are swimmers is .....

(a) (t)1O (b) 1 _ (t)IO (a) (D (~y(t) Cb) (D (~y(t) (~)

4)10
(c)1 - ( "5 (d) none of these (c) (~) (~y(t) Cd)(;) (~y(t)
.~
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

23. In a box of 100 tube lights, 10 are defective. Then the 30. A fair die is thrown 5 times. Find the probability of
probability that out of a sample of 5 tube lights; none getting odd number at least 4 times.
is defective is .... 16 3
(a) 3" (b) 16
(a) (;0)4 (b)UoY 9 8
(c) 10 (d) "3
(c) (;of (d) (;of 31. If 8 fair coins are tossed, find the probability that at
least 6 coins show head up.
24. In four throws of a pair of dice, find the probability of
37 256
throwing doublets at least twice. (a) "2 (b) 37
144 19
(a) 55 (b) 144 37 256
(c) 256 (d) 35"
19 144
(c) 441 (d) 19 32. The probability that man can hit the target is ~ . He
25. In a binomial distribution the sum of the product of tries 5 times. Find the probability that he hits the
mean and variance are 24 and 128 respectively. Then target at lest 3 times.
find the distribution. 512 512
(a) 459
(a) 1
1
(b) [ "3 +"3
IJ32 (b) 495
495 459
(c) 512 (d)512
(c) [1"2+"2IJ32 . (d)
[1"2+"2IJ 33. The past records show that during a rainy season on
an average one train is late out of three trains. Find
26. The probability of a seed sowed will germinate is ~ . the probability that on a particular day of a rainy
The 5 seeds are sowed. Find the probability that at season, out of 6 scheduled trains, at least 4 arrive in
least 3 seeds will germinate. time.
512 459 729 964
(a) 495 (b) 125 (a) 496 (b) 927

459 459 496 927

(c) 152 (d) 512 Cc)729 Cd)964

27. The probability that an event A occurs in one trial is 34. If a fair coin is tossed 9 times, the probability that it
0.4. Three independent trials of the experiment are shows heads in the first 4 tosses and tails in the last 5
performed. Find the probability that event A occurs at tosses is .....
least once. 1 16
(a) 512 Cb)512
(a),0.784 (b) 0.847
64
(c) 0.744 (d) 0.478 Cc)512 (d) none of these
28. A pair of dice is thrown 7 times. Getting the total
35. A fair coin is tossed a fixed number of times. If the
score 7 is treated as a success. Find the probability at
probability of getting 7 heads is equal to the
most 6 successes.
probability of getting 9 heads, then the probability of

(a) 1 -
-

(i)
7

(b) 1 -
(1)6
\6 getting 2 heads is ....
15 2
(a) 2" (b)T5
(c) 1 - (iY (d) none of these
(c)
15
213 (d) none of these
29. The probability of the safe arrival of one ship out of 5
3
ships is ~ . Find the probability of safe arrival of at 36. A's chance of winning a single game against B is "4 .
least three ships. Probability that, in a series of 5 games, A wins at
least 3 games is ....
3125 811
(a)l8T (b) 3251 . 135
(a) 512
181 3251
(c) 3125 (d)1T8 324
. (d) none of these
(c) 512
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

37. If a coin is tossed 6 times, then probability of getting 45. If X ~ B (n = 10, p = 0.5), then P(X ~ 7) = ...
4 or more heads is .... 120 45
10 11 (a) 1024 (b) 1024
(a) 32 (b) 32
10 176
12 13 (c) 1024 (d) 1024
(c) 32 (d) 32
46. If X ~ B (n = 10, p = 0.5), then: P(X ~ 9) = ...
38. As an answer to a question, two options are given
10 1
only one of which is correct. Then the probability of (a) 1024 (b) 1024
correctly answering at least 6 of the 10 questions is ...
n
210 120 (c) 1024 (d) none of these
(a) 512 (b)512

193 47. A fair coin is tossed 8 times. Find the probability that
(c) 512 (d) none of these it shows heads: exactly 5 times.
39. If X ~ B (n = 10, p = 0.8), (a) 112 (b) 2
then: peat most 3 successes) = .... (c) 1 (d) none of these
7680 720
(a)~ (b) 510 48. The probability of hitting a target in any short is 0.2.
If 10 shots are fired, find the probability that the
8361
(c) ~ (d) none of these target will be hit at least twice.

40. (a) 0.6242 (b) 0.5

Hens of a certain breed lay eggs 5 days a week on an
average. A poultry-keeper with 5 hens of this breed (c) 0.8212 (d) 0.6214
expects to get at least 4 eggs per day. Then, in a 49. Suppose that 80% of all families own a television set.
season of 100 days, his wish will be fulfilled on .... If 10 families are interviewed at random, find the

[ Given: (tf = 0.1859 ]

probability that: Seven families own a television set.
(a) 0.2103 (b) 0.2301
(a) 55 days (b) 56 days
(c) 0.2013 (d) 0.2310
(c) 57 days (d) none of these
41. 50. A machine has fourteen identical components that
If X ~ B (n = 9, p = 0.8),
47 function independently. It will stop working if three
then: P(X ~ 6)= 59 (1), where K = or more components fail. If the probability that a
component fails is equal to 0.1, find the probability
(a) 109 (b) 110
that the machine will be working.
(c) 111 (d) 112
(a) 0.8417 (b) 0.8147
42. Workers in an industry have a 10% chance of
suffering from an occupational disease. Probability (c) 0.8714 (d) none of these
that, out of 6 workers, at least 5 will catch the disease 51. The probability that a person picked at random will
is .... support a constitutional amendment requiring an
11 11 annual balanced budget is 0.8. If nine individuals are
(a) 2 ,00 ,000 (b) 2 ,000 . interviewed and they respond independently, what is
11 the probability that at least two-thirds of them will
(c) 200 (d) none of these support the amendment?
43. If X ~ B (n = 20, P = 0), then: P(X ~ 1) = . (a) 0.1944 (b) 0.9441
(a) (0.1)20 (b) 1 - (0.1)20 (c) 0.9144 (d) 0.4419
(c) 1 - (0.9)20 (d) (0.9)20 52. A radar complex consists of eight units that operate
44. If a fair coin is tossed 5 times, then the probability of independently. The probability that a unit detects an
getting at least 5 heads is incoming missile is 0.9. Find the probability that an
11 15 incoming missile will be detected by atmost four
(a) 16 (b) 16 units.
13 (a) 0.05 (b) 0.005
(c) 16 (d) none of these
(c) 0.051 (d) 0.006
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

53. It is possible for a computer to pick up an erroneous answer is wrong then he gets - 1 mark. A student will
signal that does not show-up as an error on the pass in the examination if he gets 50% of the marks.
screen. The error is called a silent ~rror. A particular If a student answers by sheer guessing, then what is
terminal is defective and when while using the system the probability that he will pass in the examination?
"word processor", it introduces a silent paging error (a) 0 (b) 1
with probability 0.1. The word processor is used 20 (c) 2 (d) none of these
times during a given week.
60. A fair coin is tossed 9 times. Find the probability that
Find the probability that at least one silent error
it shows heads. Exactly 5 times.
occurs.
(a) 0.2401 (b) 0.2416
(a) 0.8784 (b) 0.8487
(c) 0.4201 (d) 0.2461
(c) 0.8847 (d) 0.4878
61. The probability that a bomb will hit a target is 0.8.
54. A student answered that the mean of a binomial Find the probability that out of 10 bombs dropped,
distribution is 18 and variance is equal to 12. Check exactly 2 will miss the target.
whether the answer of the student is correct or not.
(a) 0.3020 (b) 0.2030
(a) correct (b) wrong
(c) 0.2300 (d) all of these
(c) not correct (d) none of these
62. The probability that a lamp in a class room will be
55. Let the p.m.f. ofr.v. X be burnt out is 0.3. Six such lamps are fitted in the class

= (4) (5)X (4)4-X ' x = 0, room. If it is known that the class room is unusable if
p(x) x "9 "9 1,2,3,4 the number of lamps burning in it is less than four,
find the probability that the class room cannot be
then Var (X) is .
used on a random occasion.
(a) 2.2222 (b) 1.2222
(a) 0.6255 (b) 0.2556
(c) 22.22 (d) none of these
(c) 0.5265 (d) none of these
56. Given that X - B(n = 10, p).
63. A lot of 100 items contains 10 defective items. Five
If E(X) = 8 then the value of p is .
items selected at random from the lot and sent to the
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.8 . retail store. What is the probability that the store will
(c) 0.9 (d) all of these receive at most one defective item?
57. A student is given a quiz with 10 true or false (a) 0.1869 (b) 0.6189
question and he answers by sheer guessing. If X is the (d) none of these
(c) 0.9186
number of questions answered correctly, what is the
probability distribution of X ? If the student passes 64. A large chain retailer purchases certain kind of
the quiz by getting 7 or max correct answers, what is electronic device of manufacturer. The manufacturer
the probability that the student passes the quiz? indicates that the defective rate of the device is 3%.
(a) 0.7181 (b) 0.1718 The inspector of the retailer picks 20 items from a
5
shipment. What is the probability that there will be at
(c)O.1L78 (d) none of these
least one defective item among these 20 ?
58. A rat maze consists of a straight corridor, at the end
of which the rats take either right or left tum. If 10 (a) 0.5545 (b) 0.5554
rats are placed in the maze one at a time and the (c) 0.4555 (d) none of these
random variable X denotes the number of right turns
65. The probability that a certain kind of component will
taken by threats then what is the probability
survive a check test is 0.6. Find the probability that
distribution of X ? Find the probability that at least "9
exactly 2 of the next 4 components tested survive.
rats will turn the same way.
(a) 0.3564 (b) 0.3456
(a) 0.074 (b) 0.01074
(c) 0.3654 (d) 0.6345
(c) 0.0417 (d) none of these
59. A student has appeared for an examination. There are 66. Let X - B (n = 10, P = 0.2). Then, P(X = 1) = .
20 questions in the paper, with four multiple answers. (a) 0.2846 (b) 0.2486
If he answers correctly he gets 4 marks and if the (c) 0.2684 (d) none of these
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

67. Let X - B (n, p) : man of this age will survive the next 30 years is
2
Ifn = 10, E(X) = 5, then p = ..... known to be } . Find the probability that in the next
1 1 30 years atmost three men will survive.
(a) 2: (b))
(a) 0.3950 (b) 0.9530
1
(c) 5" (d) all of these
(c) 0.5390 (d) none of these
68. IfE(X) = 5 and Var (X) = 2.5, then n = . 71. Given X - N(4, 25). State standard deviation ofX.
(a) 20 (b) 10 (a) 5 (b) 25
(c) 30 (d) none of these Cc)6 (d) none of these
69 Suppose that airplane engines operate independently 72. Given X - NCO,1). Find PCX > 0).
and fail with probability equal to 0.4. Assuming that a
1
plane makes a safe flight if at least one-half of its (a) 1 (b)2:
engines run, determine whether 4 engine plane or a
2-engine plane has the higher probability for a Cc)2 (d) none of these

successful flight. 73. Given X - NC5, 16). Find PCX < 5).
(a) 0.8400 (b) 0.4800 1
(a) 2: (b) 2
Cc)0.8208 «n 0.8004
70. An insurance agent insures lives of 5 men, all of the (c) 1 (d) none of these
same age and in good health. The robabilit that a

( ANSWER KEY )
1. Cb) 2. Cc) 3. Cd) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. Cc) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. Cc) 12. Cd) 13. (b) 14. Cc) 15. Cb) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. Cc) 20. o»
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. Cc) 26. Cd) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. e»
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. Cc) 36. Cb) 37. (b) 38. Cc) 39. (c) 40. Cb)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. Cc) 44. Cc) 45. Cd) 46. Cc) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (c) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. Ca) 56. o» 57. o» 58. (b) 59. (a) 60. (d)
61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (c) 64. (c) 65. Cb) 66. Cc) 67. (a) 68. n» 69. (a) 70. Cc)
71. (a) 72. (b) 73. (a)

( HINTS AND SOLUTIONS)

5. Probability that 8 tosses give r heads is : 1
= 256 (56 + 28 + 8 + 1)

P(X = r) = ptr) 8C r· (2:l)r . (1)8-r

2:
=
93
256 = 0.36828
.. per) = (~y. 8Cr 6. .: India plays 4 matches in all
:. India can get a maximum of 8 points
.. P(more Heads than Tails)
:. P (at least 7 points)
P Catleast 5 heads) = P (exactly 7 points) + P (exactly 8 points)
= P (X = 5 or 6 or 7 or 8) = P (2 points in 3 matches and 1 point in 1 match)
= P(5) + P(6) + P(7) + P(8) + P (2 points in each of 4 matches)
8
G) . (SC + SC + SC?+ SCs)
5 6
= 4C3· (0.5)3 (0.05)1 + 4C4 . (0.5)4
= 4 (0.5)3 (0.05)1 + (0.5)4
= i8 (8C3 + 8C2+ SC1+ 8C O) 3
(0.5) (0.20 + 0.50) = 807
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

(iI5) . [4C'
1 4 4
9. n = 10, p = 0.2 = "5 ' q = 1 - P = "5 =: (24)4-rJ

:. Probability of r hits out of 10 is P(X ~ 3) p(3) + p(4)

per) =IOCr • pr . qlO-r= IOCr' (l)r"5 . C~

1'4) lO-r
=
4

GS) [4C (24)1 + 4C4 . (24)°]

3•

.. P (at least 2 hits)

= P(X ~ 2) = 1 - P(X < 2) .
= G5Y [4(24) + (1)] (1)

=: 1 - P(X =: 0 or 1) = 1 - P[p(O) + p(l)] 97

(25)4
= 1 - {lOCO' GY . (~)1O + lOCI. (~y.(~f} 12.
. (l)r
Per) = 5Cr 2 . (1)5-r
2 =
(1)5
2 . eC)
410 49}
= 1 - { (1) (1) . 510 + 10 .-.sw P(X ~ 1) = 1 - P(X = 0)

= 1-
49. (4 + 10)
510 = 1- GY· eCo)

49
14 410 131
= 1-14 X 510= 1-4"x 510 = 1 - 32 (1) = 32

13. Chance of hitting target 5th time at 10lh throw

=: (Chance of hitting 4 times in first 9 throws)
10. p = 2q .. p = 2(1 - p)
x (Chance of hitting at 10th throw)
2 1
.. P="3 .. q =:"3 1)4
= [ 9C4· ( 2 . (1)9-4J
2 x2
1

2)r (1\6-r
per) 6Cr'"3'"3)
( 9·8·7·6 1 63
= 4.3.2. 2
1 . 10=: 9 2
=: GY· [6Cr· 2r] 15. Probability of drawing a number :S: 15 in one draw
15 3
P(X ~ 4) = P(X = 4, 5 or 6) =20=4 .
p(4) + p(5) + p(6) 1
Probability of drawing number 15 is =: 20
6
[6C4. 24 + 6Cs . 25 + 6C6 . 26]
= (~)
:.
1
Reqd. Prob. = 4C1 . 20'
(3)3
4" 27
=: 320

G) . 6
24 [6C2 + 6CI . 2 + 6CO. 22J 17. X ~ B (n, p). Therefore X represents number of
successes in n independent trials with constant
24
36 [15 + 6(2) + 1(4)] probability of success p at each trial.
.. Y = n - X represents number of failures in n
16[31] 496
independent trials with constant probability of
= ~=729
failure q =: 1 - P at each trial.
11. Numbers in which product of digits is 18 are 29, 36, .. Y ~ B (n, q) i.e., Y ~ B(n, 1 - p)
63, 92, i.e., 4 in all. 35. Let n be the number of tosses.
4 1 1 1
=
P peA) = 100 = 25 P =: 2 and q = 1 - P =: 2
1 24 P(X = 7) =: P(X =9)
q =: 1 - P 1 - 25 = 25
n (lej7 (le.)n-7_ n (lej9 (lejn-9
Also, n =: 4
.. C7· 2) . 2 - C9· 2) . 2)

per) =
4
Cr'
(.1..)r (24)4-r
25 . 25
.. n-7=:9 .. n =: 16
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

P(X == 2) -
_ 16
C2·
(1)2 (1\14
2 . ?
40.
, ._/
I

162<.x'i. (1) 16 per) ==

5Cr' (~)r (~)5-r
7 . 7
::; 2 xl' ~2

=
,
2"· 15·
1
216 = 213
15 per) == (t)· 'c, . 5r . 25-r

_ 3 1 :. P(X 2: 4) ::; p(4) + p(5)

36. n = 5, P = 4 ' q = 1 - P ::;4
== G-Y [5C 54 . z' + 5CS . 52 . 2°]
(:4) . (1)5-r
4 ::;(1)5
4 •
/3\'
:. p(r)::; 5Cr • 4 . 5C r . 3r

:. p(x 2: 3) == p(3) + p(4) + p(5)

== (tY [(55) (2) + (1) (55)]

=
(1)5
1_
\4 (5
C3 •
33
+ 5C4' 34 + S,Cs'') ,,>S] ::;(tY· (55) (3) ::;3 (tf
aY· 33 [(10) (1) + (5) (3) + (1) (9)]
..
= 0.5578 = 0.56
In a season of 100 days, his wish will come true

= \,4
(1)5 .3 3
. (34)
on 100 x P(x 2: 4) = 100 (0.56) = 56 days.
4)r
459
41. per) == 9cr· ( 5' . (1)9-r
5' == 51
1
Cc. . 4r)
= 512 == 0.8964
:. P(X 2: 6) ::;p(6) + p(7) + p(8) + p(9)
1 1
38. n == 10, p == '2 ' q ::; 1 - P == 2' =~ eC 6 .46 + 9C7 .47 + 9Cg . 48 + 9C6 • 49)
6
l)r (l)lO-r (1)10 4 (9C3 + 9C2' 4 + 9 Cl' 42 + 9 C6· 43 )
••
ptr)
\
- lOCr " (,)-.
_.
,-
\2 -- I\2- . Wc r == 51

46
.. P(X 2: 6) == p(6) + p(7) + p(8) + p(9) + p(lO) = 51 [84 + 36 (4) + 9 (16) + 64]
1)10 Wc 7 +IOC' 8 + Wc'9 ., 46 47
-_ -2 ( (IOn
C:6 rr
L L tOC10)-,
=: 51 (436) = 51 (109) = 0.9143

1 10 1 9
-- --1024 (WC L
4 ""·3
Wc + 10C 2 +. IOC. 1 + Wc 0/) 42. n == 6, p =: 100 ::; 10 ' q == 1 - P == 10
1·
== 1024 (210 -I-
.
120 + 45 + 10 + 1) per) :=
6
Cr'
(lY
10)'
(9~6-r
10)

386 193
::; 1024 = 512::; 0.3769 \ == (l~Y' Cr· 9 r] [6
6
-

39. per)
.
:=: IOC . D
r •
r . qlO-r ::; IOC.· (4)r (1)1O-r
rz: . -
\5 '\)
.. P(X 2:5) == p(5) + p(6)
6

.-L 10 r
::;Uo) [6C S' 9 + 6C6 . 1]
=510' Cr·4
55 11
= 10,00,000 - 2,00,000
.. P(X ~ 3) = P(X == 0, 1,2 or 3)

:= p(O) + p(1) + p(2) + p(3) 43. per) = 20C' (/O)r. (ioYO-r

:. P(X 2: 1) == 1 - p(X == 0)

1
1- 20CO' Uor. ((oyo-o
=510 [(1) (1) + (10) (4) + (45) (16) + (120) (64)]
1 - (1) (1) (0.9)20
1 = 1 - (0.9)20 = 0.8784
::;510 [8361] == 0.0008561664
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

44. 5

7
= 32 = 0.2187

.. P(X ~ 2) = 1 - P(X = 0 or 1) 48. Let 'hitting the target' be considered as a success.

Then we are given P = 0.2,
1 - {(p(O) + p(l)]
hence q = 0.8.
5
= I-GY· {5CO+ Cd x = number of successes

= 1- Gi) {l + 5 } n = 10; given

Now P(X ~ 2) = 1 - P(X < 2)

3 13
1-16=16= 0.8125 = 1 - [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]

45. n = 10, p
1
= 0.5 = 2' q = 1- P = 2
1
= 1 - [(~) (0.2)° (0.8)10 + C?) (0.2)1 (0.8)9]

Cy2 = 1 - [0.1074 + 0.2684]

.. per) = IOCr·pr. qlO-r= IOCr· . C)IO-r
2
= 1- 0.3758

.. per) = G)10. IOCr = 0.6242

49. If a family owns a television set we treat it as a
p(x ~ 7) p(x = 7, 8, 9 or 10) .success.
= p(7) + p(8) + p(9) + p(10) Then p = P(success in each trial)

=
C)1O
2 (IOC7+ 10C + IOC9+ IOCIO)S
= 0.8; given
Then q = 1 - P = 0.2
Also n = 10; given

P(X = 7) = (~) pXqO-X

1)10
= (2 . (120 + 45 + 10 + 1)
= C70) (0.8)7 (0.2)3
176
= 1024 =0.1718 = 0.2013

(l)r2 . (1)IO-r
50. Let X = number of failed components.
46. per) = IOCr' 2 = (1)10
2 . COCr) If failure of a component is treated as a success, then
given P(success) = p = 0.1.
:. P(X ~9) P(X = 9 or 10) = p(9) + p(10)
Then P(failure) = q = 0.9.
= G) 10('oC9 + 10CIO) We find P(machining is not working)

1 ..' 11 = P(X ~ 3) = 1 - P(x < 3)

. = 1024 (10 + 0 = 1024 = 0.0107 = 1 - [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)]

47. n = number of trials = 8.. = 1 _ [(~4) (0.1)0 (0.9)14+(\4) (0.1)1 (0.9)13 +

Let head be treated asa success.
. '. 1·· 1 C24) (0.1)2 (0.9)12J
Then we have p = 2 ' q = 2
= 1 - [0.2288 + 0.3559 + 0.2570]
x = number of successes =1-0.8417

P(X = 5) = ~) pX. qO-X = 0.1583

Then P(machine is working)

(~)(~Y(~y-5 = 1 - 0.1583

=0.8417
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

51. Let X = number of persons who supported the Now np = 18 and npq = 12; Given
amendment. The division gives

n = 9,
2 .
:3 of 9 IS 6. ~ 11 2
np = 18 :. q =:3
1
We have to find P(X :2: 6) Then p = :3 and n = 54
P = 0.8, q = 1 - P = 0.2 :. Answer of the student is correct because it does
P(X :2: 6) = P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) not lead to any contradiction.

+ P(X = 9) 4) (5)X (4)4-X

55. The p.m.f. of p(x) = ( x 9 \.9 is associated
= (~) (0.8)6 (0.2)3 + (;) (0.8)7 (0.2)2 with a bonimial distribution.

+ (~) (0.8)8 (0.2)l + (~)(0.8)9 (0.2)°

B(n, p) == B(4, t)
5 4
= 0.1762 + 0.3020 + 0.3020 + 0.1342 .. n = 4, P = 9' q =9
= 0.9144 We know that mean of binomial distribution is np.

52. If missile is detected, it is treated as success. .. E(X) = np = (4) (t) = 290

Then P(success) = p = 0.9
=2.2222
Then q = 1 - P = 0.1 Also Var (X) = npq
Let X = number of units who detect missile and n = 8.
P(X::; 4)
=(4) (t)(~)
80
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) =81
+ P(X = 4) =0.9876
56. Given: n = 10, E(X) = 8.
= UaY + (~) ({aY UaY + (~) ({aY UaY For a binomial, distribution B(n, p) we know

+ (D ({aY UaY + (!) ({aY (l~Y

E(X) = np
.. 8 = 10 P
8 .. p = 0.8
= Uo) {I + (8) (9) + 3268 + 40824 + 459270}
57. Given: 11 = 10
The shear guessing for answer to each question suggests
= UaY x 503435 1 1
that p = 2' ' q = 2' and
= 0.00503435
X = number of questions which are correctly
= 0.005 answered
53. Given: n = 20. X=O, 1,2,3, ... , 10
We find P(X = x)
X : number ot silent errors
= 0) = (10\ (1)0 (1)\0 (1)\0
p=O.I, q=0.9 P(X 0) 2' 2' = 2'
P(X :2: 1) = 1 - P(X < 1)
10\ (1)1 (1)9 (1)\0
P(X = 1) = ( 1) 2' 2' = 10 2'
= 1 - P(X = 0)
10\ (1)2 (1)8 (1)\0
= 1 - 0.1216 P(X = 2) = ( 2) 2' 2' = 45 x 2'
0.8784 Continuing in this way
54. For a binomial distribution B - (n, p), we know that
P(X = 3) = (10)
3
(1)10
2' = 120 x (1)10
2'
Mean = np and variance = npq.
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

10\ (1)10
P(X = 4) = ( 4)"2 = 210 X
(1)10
"2 P(X = 8) = (10\
8)"2
(1)10
= 45 X
(1)10
"2

10\ (1)10 (1)10 10\ (1) 10 (1) 10

P(X = 5) = ( 5)"2 = 252 X "2 P(X=9)= ( 9)"2 =10x"2

lO\ (1)10 (1)10

10\ (1) 10 (1) 10 P(X = 10) = ( lO)"2 ="2
P(X = 6) = ( 6) 2 = 210 X 2
10\
P(X = 7) = ( 7)"2
(1)10 (1)10= 120 X "2

The probability distribution of X is :

X=x 0 1 2 3 4

P(X= x) G)IO 1Ox2"

C) 10
45 x "2
C)IO 120x
C) "2
10
210 x 2"
C) 10

X=x 5 6 7 8 9 10

P(X = x)
252 "2
C)IO 210 "2
C)IO C)
120 "2
10 C)
45 - 10
2
10- C)IO
2
G) 10
Next P(X ;::::
7) = P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(x = lO)

= G) 10[120+45 + 10+ 1]

176
= 1024 = 0.1718

58. Given: n = 10
1 1
P=2",q=2"

X : number of right turns taken by the rats.

P(X = x) = t) pX qn-x
= (2) GJ (~) IO-x
= CxO) G)IO
Putting x = 0, 1,2, ... , 10.
We get probability distribution as below.
X::x 0 1 2 3
P(X :q:) z
G) 10 C)10
10 -
2 45 x "2
C) 10
120 2"
C)lO
X=x 4 5 6 7

P(X = x)
2lO 2"
C) 10 C)
252 "2
10 2lO G)IO 120 2"
C)10

X=x 8 9 10

P(X = x)
45 -
2
C)IO 10- C)IO
2
G) 10
Also, peat least 9 rats turn the same way)
Mathematics Binomial Distribution

P{X ~ 9) = P(X = 9) + P(X = 10)

1)10 (1)10
lOx ( - +-
2 2
1)10 11
= 11 x"2( = 1024 = 0.01074

59. First we compute the marks obtained by the student Then q = 1 - 0 = 0.2
when he answers x questions correctly and 20 - x
Now P(X = 8)
questions wrongly.

Marks = 4x - 1(20 - x) = (80) (0.8)8 (0.2)2

5x - 20
= 0.3020
For passing we must have
62 Given:n=6
Marks ~ 50
The class room is unusable if the number of burning
5x - 20 ~ 50 lamps is less than 4.
x ~ 14 This means the number of burnt out lamps is ~ 3.
Thus student will pass in the examination if he X : number of burnt out lamps.
answers 14 or more questions correctly.
p = 0.3, q = 0.7
Next we see that each question has 4 alternative Now
answers, one of which is correct.
P(X ~ 3) = P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)
.. The probability of answering the question
+ P(X = 6)
1 3
correctly is P ="4. Then q ="4

Let X : number of questions answered correctly

= (~·(130Y C 7
0Y + (~(130Y (170Y
7 3 7
X = 0, 1, 2, ... , 20 + (~(130Y (1 0)1+(~ (1 0Y (1 0Y
For passing, we have = 0.1852 +0.0595 +0.0102 + 0.0007
P(X ~ 14) = 1 - P(X < 14) 0.2556
= 1 - [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + ... + P(X = 13)] 63. Given: n = 5,
= 1 - [0.0032 + 0.0211 + 0.0669 + 0.1339 + 0.1897 X = Number of defective items

+ 0.2023 + 0.1686 + 0.1124+0.0609+0.0271 P = Probability of defective item

10 1
+ 0.0099 +0.0030 +0.0008 +0.0002] .. P = 100=10
1 - 1.0000 9
Then .q = 10
= 0
. 1 1 Now
60. Given: n = 9, p ="2' q ="2 P(X:::; 1) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)

X : number of heads
= (~) UoY ({oY + (i) UO)I ({oY
= 0.5905 + 0.3281
= 0.9186
= 0.2461
64. Given: n = 20
61. Given: n = 10,
X : number of defective items
X : number of times the target is hit.
P = P(X = x) = 0.03
P = Probability (success i.e. target is hit) = 0.8
Mathematics . Binomial Distribution

Then q = 0.97 69. Let X = number of engines that run.

Now Then P = P(X = x) = 1 - 0.4; given
P(X ~ 1) 1 - P(X < 1)
:. p = 0.6 and q = 0.4
= 1 - P(X = 0)
Now we consider two cases.
1 - (2 0) (0.03)0 (0.97)20
0 Firstly for a 4 engine plane for a successful flight, we

_ (JJ....\20 need X ~ half of 4.

= 1 100)
X ~ 2
1 - 0.5445
P(X ~ 2) = 1 - P(X < 2)
0.4555
1 - [P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)]
65. Given: n = 4.
X : number of items survived 1 - [(~)c0.6)0 (0.4)4 + (1)c0.6)I (0.4)3J

P = P(X) = 0.6 = 1 - [0.0256 + 0.1536]

Then q = 1- P = 0.4
1 - 0.1792
Now P(X = 2) G) (0.6)2 (0.4)2 = 0.8208
= 0.3456 In the second case Le. 2 engine plane, for a successful
66. Given: n 10 and X - B (n, p) flight, we need X ~ half of 2.
10\ I
P(X = 1) = ( 1) (0.2) (0.8)
9 .. X ~

P(X ~ 1) = 1 - P(X < 1)

0.2684
67. Given: n = 10, E(X) =5 and X - B(n, p) = 1 - P(X = 0)

E(X) = 5 = 1- e)0 (0.6) 0 (0.4) 2

.. np 5
= 1 - 0.1600
.. lOp = 5

.. P =
1 = 0.8400

2 We see that a 2 engine plane has higher probability of

Var (X) successful flight.

Th~n npq

.. Var (X) (10) G) (1 -~) 70.

Since 0.8400 > 0.8208

Given: n = 5,
.. Var (X) 2.5
X : number of men alive in next 30 years.
68. Given: E(X) = 5, Var (X) = 2.5 and X - B(n, p) 2
P = P(success) = 3"
E(X) = 5
np = 5 ... (i) 1
:. q=l-p=3"
Var (X) 2.5
.. npq = 2.5 ... (ii) We have to find P(X:::; 3)

From equations (i) and (ii), we get P(X s 3) = P(X = 3) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 1)
!!Q9. _ 2.5 + P(X = 0)
np - 5

q = "2
1
= (D (tY (~Y+ (;) (tY GY
Th~n P = "2
1
+ (i) (tY (tY (tY GY
+ (~)

Then equation (i) gives (n) G) = 5 :. n = 10

0.3292 + 0.1646 + 0.0411 + 0.0041

0.5390
- Mathematics Binomial Distribution

71. Given X N (11, (52) .• (5 = 4.

We have X - N (4, 25) X-IJ.

Put
(5
= Z
:. Mean is 11 = 4
X-5
Variance is ~ = 25 -4- = Z

Standard deviation is (5 = 1/25 = 5 Then Z is standard normal variate.

72. X - N (0,1) X = 5 implies Z = 0
.. X is a standard normal variate. .. X < 5 implies Z < 0
y
P(X < 5) P(Z < 0)

1; See Fig. below.

y

-------+70---------------'
X

1
P(X > 0) = P(X < 0) = 2"
.-.' ,', -.". ";' ,',',

Because curve is symmetric about vertical axis and ~·~···~:·~···~:·~···~:·~·~·~··+---------------~z

o
we know that area is 1.

73. X-N(5,16)

:. 11 = 5 and (52 = 16