Ariana Afghan Airlines

Ariana Afghan Airlines Co. Ltd. (Pashto: ‫ ;د آريانا افغان هوايي شرکت‬Dari: ‫هواپیمایی‬
‫)آریانا‬, also known simply as Ariana, is the flag carrier and largest airline of
Ariana Afghan Airlines
Afghanistan.[3][4] Founded in 1955, Ariana is the oldest airline in the country and is state ‫هواپیمایی آریانا‬
owned.[5][6] The company has its main base at Hamid Karzai International Airport, from ‫د آريانا افغان هوايي شرکت‬
which it operates domestic flights and international connections to destinations in China,
India, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates.[7] The
carrier is headquartered in Shāre Naw district, Kabul.[8][9] Ariana Afghan Airlines has IATA ICAO Callsign
been on the list of air carriers banned in the European Union since October 2006. FG AFG ARIANA

Founded 27 January 1955
Hubs Kabul International Airport
Contents Secondary Kandahar International Airport
History hubs
Early years Frequent- Reward Club[1]
Operational crisis flyer program
21st century Fleet size 5
EU ban
Destinations 11
Destinations Parent Pashtany Bank
Fleet company
Current fleet
Headquarters Kabul, Afghanistan
Historical fleet
Key people Rahmatullah Agha (Acting
Accidents and incidents
President)[2]
See also Mohammad Saleem Rahimi
References (Vice President - Commercial)[2]
External links Website www.flyariana.com (https://ww
w.flyariana.com)

History

Early years

The airline was set up on 27 January 1955.[10] It was established as Aryana Airlines with the
assistance of Indamer Co. Ltd., which initially held a 49% interest, and the government of
Afghanistan owned the balance.[11] At the beginning, services were operated to Bahrain, India, Iran,
and Lebanon, with a fleet of three Douglas DC-3s.[11] In 1957, Pan American World Airways
became the minor shareholder of the airline when it took over the 49% interest from Indamer.[12]
Domestic scheduled services started the same year.[12] By April  1960, a fleet of three DC-3s was
being used for linking Kabul with Amritsar, Delhi, Jeddah, and Karachi, as well as with some points
within Afghanistan, while a single DC-4 operated the Kabul–Kandahar–Tehran–Damascus–Beirut–
Postage stamp of Afghanistan from
Ankara–Prague–Frankfurt service, so-called "Marco Polo" route.[12] In the early 1960s,
1965 commemorating the 10th
US$1,100,000 (equivalent to $10,000,000 in 2021) from US aid to Afghanistan was used to capitalise
anniversary of Ariana. the company.[13]

By March 1970, the airline had 650 employees. At this time, the fleet comprised one Boeing 727-
100C, one CV-440, one DC-3 and two Douglas DC-6s that worked on routes serving the Middle East, India, Pakistan, the USSR, and
Istanbul, Frankfurt, and London.[14] Domestic services were then operated by Bakhtar Alwatana, which was established by the government
in 1967 for this purpose.[15]

The carrier's first widebody aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30, entered the fleet in early October 1979.[17] By March 1985, the aircraft
fleet consisted of the DC-10 and two Boeing 727-100Cs.[18] In the mid-1980s, during the Soviet–Afghan War, the carrier was forced to sell
the DC-10 to British Caledonian, as the Soviets wanted the carrier to fly the Tupolev Tu-154 as a replacement.[16] In October 1985, Ariana
was taken over by Bakhtar Afghan Airlines, which became the country's new national airline.[15][19] In 1986, Bakhtar ordered two Tupolev
Tu-154Ms;[20] the airline took possession of these aircraft in April 1987.[19] In February 1988, Bakhtar was merged back into Ariana, thus
creating an airline which could serve both short and long haul routes.[21]

Operational crisis
 Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in 1996 and the
proclamation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the
country faced substantial economic sanctions from the
international sector during the Taliban regime. The sanctions,
along with the Taliban government's control of the company
and the grounding of many of the carrier's international flights,
had a devastating effect on the economic health of the
company through the 1990s. The fleet was reduced to only a
An Ariana Afghan Airlines Tupolev handful of Russian and Ukrainian built An-26s, Yakovlev An Ariana Afghan Airlines DC-10-30
Tu-154M in 1992. Yak-40s and three Boeing 727s, which were used on the is seen here on approach to London
longest domestic routes. In October 1996, Pakistan provided a Heathrow Airport in 1980. Throughout
temporary maintenance and operational base at Karachi. With its history, the airline operated a
no overseas assets, by 1999 Ariana's international operations consisted of flights to Dubai only;[22] single aircraft of the type that was
also, limited cargo flights continued into China's western provinces. However, sanctions imposed by sold in the mid-1980s, following the
UN Security Council Resolution 1267 in November 1999 forced the airline to suspend overseas Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.[16]
operations.[23][24] In November 2001, Ariana was grounded completely.[25]

According to the Los Angeles Times:[26]

With the Taliban's blessing, Bin Laden effectively had hijacked Ariana, the national civilian airline of Afghanistan. For four
years, according to former U.S. aides and exiled Afghan officials, Ariana's passenger and charter flights ferried Islamic militants,
arms, cash and opium through the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan. Members of Bin Laden's Al Qaeda terrorist network were
provided false Ariana identification that gave them free run of airports in the Middle East.

According to people interviewed by the Los Angeles Times, Viktor Bout's companies helped in running the airline.[27]

21st century

Following the overthrow of the Taliban government during Operation Enduring Freedom, Ariana
began to rebuild its operations in December 2001.[30][31] About a month later, the UN sanctions were
finally lifted, permitting the airline to resume international routes again.[32] In 2002, the government of
India gave the carrier a gift of three ex-Air India Airbus A300s.[24][33][34] Ariana's first international
passenger flight since 1999 landed at Indira Gandhi International Airport in January  2002,[35]
followed by routes to Pakistan and Germany in June and October the same year,
respectively.[36][37][38] In 2005, India signed an agreement on aviation cooperation with Afghanistan,
with Air India training 50 officials for Ariana.[39] An Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus
A300B4-200 seen on approach to
All commercial flights were cancelled following the Taliban taking over the capital city of Kabul in Dubai International Airport in 2004.
2021.[40] Domestic flights resumed in September.[41] With registration YA-BAD this aircraft
was written off as a result of an
overrun episode at Atatürk Airport in
EU ban
March 2007.[28][29]
Due to safety regulations, Ariana was mostly banned from flying into European Union airspace in
March 2006, with the European Commission allowing the carrier to fly only a single France-registered
Airbus A310 into the member states;[42][43] the ban was extended to the entire fleet in October of that year.[44] The ban was confirmed in
subsequent updates of the list released in late 2009 and March  2010.[45][46] In November  2010, all Afghanistan-registered aircraft were
banned from operating in the European Union.[47][48] Ariana is still included in the list as of November 2021.[49]

Destinations
As of July  2021, Ariana Afghan Airlines serves three domestic and seven international destinations in Russia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, India, and China; most of the routes radiate from Kabul.[7]

Fleet

Current fleet

As of August 2019 the Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:[50]
 Ariana Afghan Airlines fleet
Passengers
Aircraft In fleet Orders Notes
C Y Total
18 192 210
Airbus A310-300 2 —
— 237 237
Boeing 737-400 2 — 8 134 142
Boeing 737-500 1 — Un­k nown Ariana Afghan Airlines Airbus A310-
300
Total 5 —

Historical fleet

Ariana operated the following equipment all through its history:[51]

Airbus A300B4
Airbus A310-200
Airbus A320-200[52]
Airbus A321-100 Former Ariana Afghan Airlines
Antonov An-12BP Boeing 727-200 Advanced

Antonov An-12T
Antonov An-24
Antonov An-24B
Antonov An-24RV
Antonov An-26
Antonov An-26B
Boeing 707-120B
Boeing 707-320C
Boeing 720B Former Ariana Afghan Airlines
Boeing 727-100C[14] Boeing 737-800
Boeing 727-200
Boeing 727-200F
Boeing 737-300
Boeing 737-800
Boeing 747-200B
Boeing 757-200
Convair CV-440
Douglas C-47
Douglas C-47A
Douglas C-54B
Douglas C-54G
Douglas DC-4
Douglas DC-6A
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30[17]
Tupolev Tu-134
Tupolev Tu-154B
Tupolev Tu-154M
Yakovlev Yak-40

Accidents and incidents

According to Aviation Safety Network, as of October 2012 Ariana Afghan Airlines has written off 19 aircraft involved in 13 events, seven of
them being deadly. Casualties totaled 154 deaths.[53] The following list includes occurrences that led to at least one fatality, resulted in a write-
off of the aircraft involved, or both.
 Tail Aircraft
Date Location Aircraft Fatalities Description Refs
number damage
2 November 1959  Greece Douglas C-47A YA-AAD W/O Un­known Un­known [54]

Crashed shortly after takeoff

from Beirut International Airport,
during initial climbout. The
aircraft was due to operate the
21 November 1959 Off Beirut DC-4 YA-BAG W/O 24/27 second leg of an international [55]
scheduled Frankfurt–Beirut–
Tehran–Kandahar–Kabul
passenger service as Flight
202.
Crashed on approach to
London Gatwick Airport when
attempting to land in dense fog
as it descended below the
glideslope. Forty-eight people
were killed on the plane, as well [56]
5 January 1969 London Boeing 727-100C YA-FAR W/O 50
as two on the ground. The
aircraft was completing an
international scheduled Kabul–
Kandahar–Beirut–Istanbul–
Frankfurt–London passenger
service as Flight 701.
15 January 1969 Kabul Douglas C-47DL YA-BAD W/O Un­known Ground collision. [57]

The aircraft was shot down by

 Pakistan Pakistani fighters when it was [58]
10 December 1988 An-26 Un­known W/O 25/25
flying a domestic Khost–Kabul
passenger service.
Crashed into a hill when
attempting to land at Zabol
Airport following an in-flight
18 June 1989 Zabol An-26 YA-BAK W/O 6/39 opening of the ramp door. The [59]
aircraft was operating a
domestic scheduled Kabul–
Zaranj passenger service.
1 August 1992 Kabul Tu-154M YA-TAP W/O 0/0 [60]
Destroyed by a rocket while
Kabul sitting at Kabul Airport. [61]
28 August 1992 An-26 YA-BAN W/O Un­known

The aircraft was completing a

domestic scheduled Kabul–
Jalalabad passenger service [62]
11 September 1995 Jalalabad An-26B YA-BAO W/O 3/46
when it apparently ran out of
fuel, crashing on approach to
Jalalabad Airport.
Crashed on landing at [63]
29 October 1997 Jalalabad Yak-40 YA-KAE W/O 1
Jalalabad Airport.
Crashed in bad weather into
mountainous terrain on
approach to Kabul Airport. It
19 March 1998 Charasyab Boeing 727-200 YA-FAZ W/O 45/45 was completing the last leg of [64][65]
an international non-scheduled
Sharjah–Kabul–Kandahar
passenger service.
An-12B YA-DAA W/O 0/0 [66]

An-12BK YA-DAB W/O 0/0 [67]

An-24 Un­known W/O 0/0 [68]

Destroyed during a U.S. [69]

October 2001 Kabul An-24B YA-DAH W/O 0/0
bombing raid.
An-24RV YA-DAJ W/O 0/0 [70]

Boeing 727-100C YA-FAU W/O 0/0 [71]

Boeing 727-100C YA-FAW W/O 0/0 [72]

Istanbul Overran the runway on landing [28][29][73]

23 March 2007 A300B4-200 YA-BAD W/O 0
at Istanbul Atatürk Airport.

Kabul Slid off the runway on landing at [74]

8 May 2014 Boeing 737-4Y0 YA-PIB W/O 0
Kabul Airport.

See also
List of government-owned airlines
 Transport in Afghanistan

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External links
Media related to Ariana Afghan Airlines at Wikimedia Commons

Official website (https://www.flyariana.com)

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