0% found this document useful (0 votes)
191 views20 pagesNumber System CAT
Uploaded by
Vamshi ValasaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
191 views20 pagesNumber System CAT
Uploaded by
Vamshi ValasaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 20
Thoroughly Revised and Updated
Reasoning
& Aptitude
csfor GATE 2022
and ESE Pre 2022
Comprehensive Theory with Examples
and Solved Questions of
GATE and ESE Prelims
Also useful for
UPSC (CSAT), MBA Entrance, Wipro, SSC, Bank (PO), TCS , Railways Infosys,
various Public Sector Units and other Competitive Exams conducted by UPSC R=
MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Corporate Otfce:44-A8, Kalu Sarai (Near Hau2 Knas Met Saton), New Dethi-1100%6
a: nlomepemadeessy
CContzt-0-4512¢660, 886078007
Vist us at ww madeessypualcatins og
Reasoning & Aptitude for GATE 2022 & ESE Prelims 2022
(© Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. L
Allrgnts are reserved, No partof this publicaton may be reproduced, storedin ar introduced into
a retrieval system, of transmittes in any form or by any means (elecironic, mechanical, photo
copying, recording or otherwise), without the por wien permission of the above mentioned
publisher of his 800k
eaten 2008
{th gation 2011
Sth Eaton: 2011
‘th ation 2012
201
sth Eation: 2015
oth eon 2016
"Mtheéton-2017
ath eon 2018
‘Ath Eetion-2020
MADEEASY PUBLICATIONS Pu. Ltd hr taken ue care incallcting the data nd proldng the clio before
publishing this book. Insite ths any inaccuracy” iting er occurs then MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS
PrtLudewesnerespensiity Wewilbegrattlfyeucoué pentoutany suche Yousupgessensnloeapprecsted Director’s Message
Engineering s one ofthe most chosen graduation fields, choosing
to become an engineer after high school is usually a matter of
interest but this eventually develops into "the purpose of being
{an engineer” and then a student thinks of cracking various
‘competitive exams like ESE, GATE, PSUs exams, and other
state engineering services exams. With the objective
nature ofthese competitive exams and with increasing
‘competition, it becomes necessary for the student to
study and practice every topicandalso get acclimatize
with the style of questions asked in the exam.
Studying engineering in university is one aspect but studying to crack different prestigious
competitive exams requires altogether different strategies, crystal clear concepts and
rigorous practice of previous years questions. Every student can achieve great results through
proper guidance and exam-otiented study material, and hence we have come up with this,
book covering al the previous years’ questions. This book will help aspirants to develop an
understanding of important and frequently asked areas in the exam and will also help in
strengthening concepts. MADE EASY Team has put sincere efforts in framing accurate and
detailed explanations fr allthe previous years questions. The explanation provided for each
question is not only question specific but it will also give insight on the concept as a whole
Which will beneficial for the student from the exam point of view tohandle similar questions.
All the previous years’ questions are segregated subject wise and further, they have been
‘categorized topic-wise for easy learning and this certainly assists aspirants to solve all
previous years questions ofa particular area in one place. I would like to acknowledge the
efforts of the entire MADE EASY team who worked hard to solve previous years’ questions
with accuracy. Ihope this book will sand up to the expectations of aspirants and my desire
toserve the student community by providing the best study material will get accomplished.
gh (Ex. IES)
CMD, MADE EASY Group Sk Units Pages
Section-A: Arithmetic
Number System 17
Percentages 183
1.3. Profit and Loss 32-42
1.4. Simple Interest & Compound Interest 43-52
1.5 Ratio and Proportion 53.6)
1.6 Averages, Mixture & Alligati
1.7 Time & Work 72.87
1.8 Time, Speed & Distance 88-105,
Section-B: Algebra & Geometry
+ Surds, Indices & Logarithms, 107-115
2.2 Progressions 116-129
2.3. Permutations & Combinations. 130-14
24 Probability 142-182
25 Set Theory 153-158
‘Section-C: Reasoning & Data Interpretation
3.1 Blood Relationship 160-165
3.2 Coding and Decoding 166-169
3.3. Cubes and Dice 170-176
3.4 Direction Sense Tost 177-183
35. Line Graohs 184-188
3.6 Tables 189-182
8.7 Bar Diagrams, 199-20
38 Pie-Charts 202-211
8.9 Miscellaneous Puzzles 21222
8.10 Logical Venn Diagrams 220201
3.11 Analytical Reasoning 228-240
8.12 Figure Based Reasoning 281-248
3.18 Paper Cutting, Folding and Mirror Images.
‘Section-D: Previous GATE & ESE Solved Questions
Provious GATE Solved Questions 256-367
Provious ESE Prelims Solved Questions 368-377 Section
Arithmetic Number System
ener
1e modules whichis of crical importance, We can consider
In Quantitative Aptitude (A), Number System is one of
this module as the back bone as well as basic foundation and building black for QA as well as for reasoning.
Applications of concepts of numbers can be easily ound in puzzles, reasoning based questions, number series and
‘many more reasoning areas. This is why itis our suggestion to students to understand the concepts discussed in the
vith understanding of applications.
‘module thoroughly along
Classifications of Numbers
emir, ee ree t wages
ke sa A a eee None sree pine ne ee - cangote ie
aga is
‘Qurmain focus in this module of numbors in on real number system. However in context of imaginary numbers only
folowing property is imoortan: 2 | © Reasoning & Aptitude
Imaginary Numbers
iG =
Ext
‘What is the value of expression
eat uit
Pr
@r ©
© We {¢) None ofthese
Ans. (d)
m(His? +P)
P(r?)
It we commit a mistake of cancelling out common
terms in numerator and denominator options
4, b, call one correct hence my answer should be
(a) but
Exprossion °
tHidhs
14i set) 4 (=o
Hence expression in question leading to
undetermined form ( hence correct answer is
°
option
Real Number System
Entire real numbers group of ralional and irational
numbers combined forms the set of real number,
whieh is represented by symbol > R. All real
numbers can be represented as points on a real
Rational Number
Al the numbers in pig (q # 0) form are rational
numbers [p, qare integers], Set of rational number
's reprosonted by -» 2.
Rational Numbers have following forms of
representations,
(@) Terminating decimal forms
for example 0.125
= 0,125 = rational
128
4000
(0) Nonterminating but recutring decimal forms.
(0 Forexample
Q = 097378737
1000 = 37.379737.
(i) Forexample
Q=0.97292928
1000 = 37.292929
3728-37
= e900"
P
= 2 orm = ational
q
Fraction
‘Alrational numbers inwhich Lal #1 comprise the
sot of fractions
Proper Fraction
i Ipl lal
han raconisimpropor faction. Value ofimpropo
Mixed Fraction
Just a modified form of improper fraction.
13
fo 4
Integers
‘Tho set of lrational numbors inp torm( lq
is called as intogers, itis denotes by
Pe (0B -210.1,2.38, 0}
Itincludes.
Negative Integers
Feb 7,-6,-8,-4,-3,-2,1)
Positive Integers.
FEM 238d
Note: Status of 0 (zero) is neutral neithe
nor negative = Number Systems | 3
‘seo pose eget]
Natural Numbers
All counting numbers or set of positive integers is
considered as set of natural numoers. It denoted
by set [Nor
N20, 2.3.4.4
‘Whole Number
Set ofall nonnegative integers are considered as
whole number; it is denoted by set
W=01234...)
Note: It torms “numbers” is used without any
Oda
(Oday odd
These properties can be used extensively to find out
alternative method to gel answers quickly with the help
cof options. Here are few examples
Ext
There are two, 2-digitnumbers ab and ed, ba is the
‘another two digit number prepared by reversing the
digits of ab, i ab x ed = 499, ba x cd = 2059, what
is value 'g' sum of (ab + ed) =?
(@) (bo) 5
©” ( %
‘Ans: (d)
Value 'g' = ab x edis odd
Itmeans ab and cd both are od,
Hence there sum must be even, only one option is
there which is even, Hence answer is option d
Ex.2
| have multiple gift vouchers of value
Rs. 101, 107, 111, 121, 181, 141, 181, 171
Ihave to pick exactly 10 vouchers to make payment
of Rs. 1121. Inhow many ways | can do that?
(@) one (b) mo
(©) more than two (d) none of these
‘Ans. (d)
Reasoringis very simple, iladd 10 odd numbers
their sum will be always even. Hence there is no
way te accomplish this,
Prime Number & Composite Numbers
Prime Numbers
Number which are perfectly divisible either by 1 or
by itself only ate called prime numbers. 25 prime
umber are there which are less than 100. 2is the
only even prime number All prime numbers greater
than § can be expressed as (6K * 1) (K © N) form
butall the numbers inform of (6K = 1) form are not
necessarily prime
‘Composite Numbers
Allthe numbers which can be factorzed into muttiple
prime numbers are called composite number.
Number (1) one is neither prime nor composi
How to check whether given number i
not?
1. Take the square root of number
2. Consider the prime numbers, starting from 2
till the number, Take all prime numbers upto
this square roa value or nearest higher integer.
prime or 4 | © Reasoning & Aptitude
3. If number is divisiblo by any of those primo
numbers, then number is composite
Learn it by example:
Suppose we want to check, 's 629 prime or not?
‘Square root of 627 s just more than 25. Then prime
no. ti 25 are 2, 3.7.5, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
629 is not divisible by 2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 18 but is
divisible by 17.
Hence tis not prime number
‘One more example: 179
‘Square root of 179 s more than 13 Hence weneed
to check divisibilty of 179 against 2.3, 5, 7, 11
13.17
179 is not divisible by other of those hence itis a
prime number
Test of Divisibility
1. Divisibility by 2
A number is divisible by 2 ifthe unit digit is zero or
divisiole by 2.
Eg.:22, 42, 84, 3872 etc
2. Divisibilty by 3
‘A number is divisible by 3if the sum of digitin the
number is divsiole by 3.
Eg.: 2553,
Here 2+5+543
3 is divisible by 3
= 18, whieh is divisible by 2
3. Divsibilty by 4
A number is divisible by 4 ifs last two digit are
divisible by 4)
Eg.: 2652, hore 52 is divisible by 4 so 2652 is
divisible by 4
Fg.:9772, 584, 904 ote.
Annumber is divisible by Sif the units digitin number
sOor5.
Fg.:50, 605, 405 ete,
5. Divisibilty by 6
‘A number is divisible by 6 if the rumber is even
and sum of digits is divisibio by 3.
Eg.: 4986 is an even number also sum of digit
44549 +6= 18's divisible by 3
Eg. 72, 8448, 3972 etc,
6. Divisibility bys
‘A number is divisible by 8 if last three digit of itis
divisible by 8.
Eg.: 47472 here 472 is divisible by 8 hence this
number 47472 is divisible by 8.
7. Divisibility by 9
‘A number is divisible by 9 if the sum ofits digit is
divisible by 2.
Eg. 108936 hore 14048494346 is 27 which is
divisible by 9 and hence 108936 is divisible by 9
8. Divisibility by 10
‘A number is divisible by 10 if its unit digit
iso
Eg.: 90, 900, 740, 34920 ete.
. Divisibity by 11
Annumber is divisible by 11 ithe difference of sum
of digit at odd places and sum of digit at even
places is either O or divisible by 11
Eg.: 1381, the sum of digits at odd place is 143
and sum of digital even places Is 3+1 and thelr
difference is 4~ 4 =0, so 1831 is divisible by 11
HCF and LCM of Numbers
HOF,
(Highest Common Factor) of two or more number's the
{greatest number that dvides each one of them exactly.
For example 8 is the highest common factor of 16 and
40,
HCF is also called greatest common divisior
(eoD)
LOM.
(Least Common Multiple) of two or more number is the
least or a lowest number which is exacty divisible by
each of them.
For example LCM of 8 and 12 is 24, because itis the
first number which is muttile of both 8 and 12.
LCM and HCF of Fractions
Numerator
Fractions are writen in form of Nemerset- Where
denominator is not equal to zero,
(HCE. of Numerators)
(COMof Denaminators)
(LOMof Numerators)
[HOF of Donarirators)
HGF of Fraction
L.CMot Fraction = = Number Systems | 5
All Fractions have to be in their simp
st form
1248
Find HOF&LCMof 22a S
Example: Find HCF & LOM of 3.5 and >
_ LOM of (123) _6
LOM FoF of @ 37)
Important Algebraic Formulae
1. (arb) =a? +2absb?
2. (ab) =a? ~2ab+b?
3. (a-bl(arb)=a? 8
4. (avbft (abt = 2(a? +0?)
5. (a+b) -(a—bj* = dab
6. (avbj® =2° + dats Sab? +b?
=a? +b? +3abla+b)
7. (abl = 2° a+ dab? —b*
? —3ab(a—b)
8. a+b" =(a+bj(a’ -ab+b*)
2 == (a-bjfa? +ab+b)
a’ +b" +0 —3abe
a’ +b? +c? ~ab-be~ca
11. at ot = (2 (b°)F
2? +*)[a+b)(a-b)
10. =(a+b+e)
+0") fa? =e)
{Condition of Divisibilty for Algebric Function
1. a? + bis exaclly divisible by a+b only when nis
od
Ex: at +b! =(a+b)(a? -ab+b!) is avsible by
at, also af + bis divisible by a+b
2. a" + bis never divisible by ab (whether nis odd
oreven)
Ex:a? +b? = (a+b) (a? ab + b’) is not divisible
by(@b)
a? + bT is also not divisible by (a —b)
3. a—D?is always divisible by (ab) (whether nis
‘odd or even)
Ex: a - b? is exactly divisible by (a) also
a?p!is also exactly dvisiole by (a—b).
4, ab" is divsible by a + b only when ‘n'is even
natural number.
Ex. :at~ bt =(a?—b’J(a’ + b’)=(a~by(a +)
(@? + b®), Hence at ~ b¢ is always divisible by
(@ +b) but a? —b? will not be
Factors of Composite Number
Composite numbors aro the numbers which can bo
factarised into prime factors, or simply we can say that
composite number are those numbers which are not
prime.
For eg.: 8 is a composite number since it can be
factorised into
B= 2x 2x2
Similarly 9s also a composite number, ie
9=3%3
Comaositenumber = Ph xP xP
Pb here. Py, Py
Py nu. P, are distinct prime numbers and 2%, Ay
2, avo their respective powers.
Factors of composite number
G4. Daly +1)
Foreg: 18=2x8x8=2"x3
Factors of 18 = (1+ 1)x(2+1)=2x3=6
Cloarly it contains six factors 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18
Factors of other Composite numbers 6 = 2"x3"
Factors =(141)x (14 1)=4=1,2, Sands
12= 22x 2x3x3=2 x3
Factors = (8 +1) x(2+ 1) = 12
Ex1 Find the factors of composite number 360
Sol. 960 = 2x2%2%3%3x5
=2x3?x5"
Factors = (3 + 1)(2+1) (1+ 1)= 24,
nooo
Counting Number of Trailing Zeros
Sometimes we come across problems in which wehave
to count number of zeros at the end of factorial of any
number. For example
Number of zero atthe end of 10!
101 =10%9%8x7x6x5x4x3x2%1
Hore basically wo havo to count number of ves, because
‘multiplication of five by any even number wil esutin 0
at the end of final product. In 10! we have 2 fives thus
{otal number of zeros are 2 6 | © Reasoning & Aptitude
Short Cut:
Counting number of zeros at the end of
Value willbe B+ E+ ay + gr:
The integral value of this sum will be the total number
of zeros.
Ex. 1 Number of zoros at the ond of 100)
100 , 100, 100
Sig te
integral value willbe
2044 =24 20108,
Sol.:
EX2 Number ofzors attho ona of 126
128 , 128, 126
5° 8B
iniogralvaluo wil bo
254541231 20108
Sol.:
nooo
CGyclicity of a number's used mainly for the calculation
of unit igs,
1. yclicity of 1.
In 1, unit digit wil always be 1
2. Cyclicity of 2.
22
wad
a8
2216
2-22
2-64
27 = 128
28 = 256
Alter every four intervals it repeats so cycle of 2is 2, 4
86
Ex Unitaigt o>
Sol: Here 2,4, 8 Guill epeat ater every fourintowval
{i320 next cit wll be 2 4, [8]. So unt dit
of 2% il be 8
Ex2 Find unit digit o 1212 222°
Sol: Unitdigitot 12% willbe 6 and 22° willbe 4. So
unit digit of 12° 22% will oe
6x4 = 2 [a]: 4 Ans.
8. Cyolicty of 8.
3i=3
#=9
927
s=8t
3° = 243,
3t=729
32187
3 = 6561
‘Aller every four intervals 3.9, 7 and 1 are repeated. So
cycle of Sis 3, 8,7, 1
Ext Find unitdigitof 1337.
Sol; Cyclo of 383,97, | which repeats after every
four intervals till 133%, So next unit digit wil
03,
4, Cyelicty of 4,
aaa
Ba16
68
4256
Cycle is 4.6.16
Unit digit of 4" depends on value of n
If nis ode unit digt is 4 and ifn is even digit is 6
Ex.1 Find unit digit of 470%,
Sol: Since 1024 is even number unit digit wil be 6
Ex2 Find unit digitof 139844
Sol: Unitdigit of 133° is 7 and unit digit of 4! is 4 0
unit digit of 1338 x 4 willbe 7 x 4= 28ie. 8
5. Cyelicity of 5
5225
5-125
5-625,
Unit digit will always be 5,
6. Cyolicty of 6
siz
36
@=216
et = 1296
Unit digit will always bo 6
Ex Find unit digit of 4 <6
Sol; Unit digit of 4° is 4 and unit digit of 6 is 6 so
Unit dig of 4° x 6° wil be 4 x6 = 24. 4 = Number Systems | 7
7. Cyclicity of 7.
Te7
72117649
72823543,
75 = 5764801
Cycle of 7is 7,9, 3,
Ext Find unit digit of 1777x2727
Sol.: Unitigitof 17°7is 7 and unit digit of 27°7is 8
80 unit digit of 17" x 2727 will be 7 x 8 = 21
let
8. Cyclicity of 8.
.
w=64
wa 512
t= 4096
8° = 32768
So cycle of Bis 8, 4.2, 6
Ex. 1 Find unit digit of 18 x 28° x 2882
Sol.: Unit digit of 18" is 4, unit digit of 28° is 6, unit
digit of 288% ig 6, So unit digi of 181 x 28°
288 willbe 4x 6x6 = 144 1.0.4
9. Cyclicity of 8.
g=9
81
2729
96661
Gycle of Gis 9, 1
In unit digit wil be 9 if 9's od and unit digit will
bo 1 if nis even
Ex.1. Find unit digit of
11M 4 12124 1394 144 15
Sol: Unit digit of 11" is 1
Unit digit of 12° is 6
Unit digit of 13° is 3
Unit digit of 14° is 6
Unit digit of 15° is 6
‘So unit digit of given sum will be
1643 1
+645
Remember
Cyelicity table
a
6,8
74
ceavousens
nooo
Remainder Theorem
axbxe
Romainder of expression le.axb x ewhen
divided by n] is equal to the remainder of expression
A2XPa Xn thea, xb, x6, when divided by], where
2, is remainder when a is divided by n,
bis romaindor when b is divided by n, and
«is remainder when ¢ is divided by n
Ex.1 Findthe remainder of 15 x 17 x 19when divided
by?.
Sol: Romaindor of exprossion “S171 wit be
7
equal to 23x5 15 4
qual to MGS 18. t
(On dividing 15 by 7 we get 1 as remainder
On dividing 17 by 7 we get as remainder
(On Gividing 19 by 7 we get S as remainder and
combined remainder willbe equal to remainde
of Bier
7
oooo 8 | © Reasoning & Aptitude
Polynomial Theorem
‘This is vory powerful theoromta find the remaindo.
‘According to polynomial theorem.
(4 ap = 24°C, x14 C, eee
FPDP AC, yxtat ah
pa 4", a
(xsay?_ (Cy x8 +. Cy
$70, 2 ab
Say Cpa
ot)
(2)
remainder of expression (2) will be equal to
remainder of *” because rest ofthe term contains
are completely divisible by x.
x1 Fina tho emainderot 2
3
e (8+
sol: 9 Be
‘Acsording o polynomial theorem remainder will
be equa to remainder of the expression
hich is equal to 1
x2 Find cemainaorot 2
7
ad sereay? a?
sas [PA
9 PO ae TH 9g BP
77 7
=2Remainceris 2
More on Remainders
case
On dividing a number by a, b& citwe get ak, b-kand
kas remainder respectively then
nx LOM of a, b, cK.
‘at number willbe
For ox (I): On dlvicing a number by 4, § & 6 wo got
3, 4, & 5 as remainder Find the number
Sol.:
408 6
Romainser a 4 8
which is equal to (4~1), (6-1), (6-1),
so that number will be
nx LOM of (4,5,6)~1,=60n—1
If = 1, 60-1 = 59 is smallest such natural
number
Note: n such numbers are possible, Here we have taken
4+, Other numbers are 118, 179, 238, etc, Where
value of nis 2, 3, & 4 respectively.
Ext
Sol.
xs
On cividing anumber by 5, 6 and 7 we get. 4
‘and as remainder. Fina the number.
5. 68 7
Remainder 3 4 8
which is equal to (5-2). (6-2), (7-2)
that number willbe
nx LOM of (5,6, 7)~2 = 210-2 = 208,
Note: Hore wo have taken valuo of n as 1
On dividing anumber by 4, 5 and 6 we get 2,3
and 4 as remainder find highest possible three
digit such number
48
Remainder 2 3 4
which is equal to (4-2), (S-2)(6 ~ 2)
number willbe:
nx LCM of 4,5, 6-2 =n x 60-2
When n= 1 we get $8. Highest possible three
digit such number wll be 958,
tha:
(On dividing a number by 5, 6 and 7 we get3, 4
and 9 as temainder. Find highest possible three
digitsuch number.
5 8 7
Remainder 3 4 8
nich is equal to ($2), (-2)(7 ~ 2) that
number willbe:
n#LOM (5,6, 7}-2=n x 210-2
Highest possible three digit uber will be 838.
Case-tl
(On dividing a number a, b and c if we get k as
remainder always
a
Bt
Sol:
then that number will be
1) LEM of (a, b, )+ k
(On dividing a number by 8, 6and 7 ifwe got2.as
remainder always, find that number
That number willbe
(n—1) x LOMof[5, 6, 71+ 2
= 2is such smallest number
next number will be = 210 + 2= 212 = Number Systems | 9
Case-tit
It 2 number after adding kis exactly aivisible by a, b
and ¢ then that number wil be.
nx LCM(a.b.c)-k
Ext Find a number which after adding 7 is divisible
by 10, 11 and 12
Sol: Thatnumber wil be
nx LOM of (10, 11, 12]-7
itn = t then
660-7 = 653 Ans.
Oooo
Squares of Numbers
‘Squares of numbers are frequenty used for calculations
on various types of problems. It is advisable to
remember square of at least fist thirty numbers
Pe 1 = 121
ead 12 = 144
¥=9 13° = 169
14? = 196
15° = 225,
162 = 256
17? = 289
Bot 18% = 324
et 19 = 361
10% = 100 20% = 400
From following table we come to Know that square of a
umber always ends with 0, 1, 4, 5,6 & 9as unit digit
Square of a number can never have 2, 3, 7 & B inits
Unitplace,
(On observing squares of numbers betwoon 21 to 29.0
get following pattern,
22% = daa
a
Last two digits are common
Observation
Square of two dig number having $ in unit olaces can
be calculated very easly
nS here nmay 1108
(08)? = [n+ (n+ 19125
Ext 6s=7
Sol: [6% (6+ 1)]28= 4229,
Ex2 s5t=7
Sol [8% (8 + 1)]25— 7225
Ex3 95-7
Sol: [9x (9+ 1)]25 = 9025
Base System
The Number systom is used to represent any number
Using a set of symbols (digits fleters). The base defines
the number of symbols in paricular base system. We
genorally work in Decimal systom as thore aro 10 digits
(0, 1,2, ...8). Some othors systems are
Binary base system: 2 symbols: 0, 1
Octal base system: 8 symbols: 0,1.2,8.4.5.6,7
Hexadecimal system: 16 symbols:
01,.28486,7.89, A= 10,8 = 11,0
D=13,E=14,
Converting any number from any Base system to
Decimal rumber system:
2,
abed.elgs=axB’+bxB?+exBl +d xB?
sexBTs!xB2sgxB*
Example:
1234.58, = 1x82 8743x814 4x8?
+5xe'+6x8"
5124128 + 24 4 4 + 0.625 +-0.099750
= 668,718750
‘Converting any number from Decimal to other Base
system:
Divide the number by base and got the frst remaindo
rand Quotient,
Now divided a, by base and get remainder r, and
Quotient q,
Repeat the following process til we get the qu
=o
Now the decimal number in base b is
Example 1:
t
7 [149 [Remainder
7 2
73,0
| 2 10
|» Reasoning & Aptitude
(492), +255),
itecary
(122,
(255)
120
| Solved Examples
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 10,
while when the digits are reversed, the number
decreases by 54. Find the the changed number.
(a) 28 ©) 19
© 37 (a) 46
‘Ans: (a)
Going through options we get 82-28 = 64
Tho sum of two numbers is 18 and their geometvic
‘mean is 20% lower than their arithmetic mean, Find
thenumbers.
@ 1.4 fb) 12,3
(@ 13.2 @) 10.5
Ans: (b)
Going through options only 12 and 3 satstices the
ccondliton
1243 _
28.
AM 75
GM = 12 x3 = 6B which is 20% less than 75.
IV A381 Is divisible by 11, find the value of the
‘smallest natural numbor A?
(as (o) 6
7 @e
Ans. (c)
‘A881 is cvisiblo by 11 fand only f(A+8)~(8+ 1)
is divisible by 11
So, A=? Satisties the coneition
Find the LOM of 8/2, 819, 11/14.
(@) 280 (b) 360
(©) 420 (2) None of those
‘Ans: (d)
LOM of numerators
H.C. F of Denominators
Here, 512, 8/9, 11/14, so
= LoMof (58.19, 40
LOM = ICE of (2,9, 14) 1
LeMot fraction =
440
. Find the number of divisors of 1420.
(a) 14 (b) 15
© 13 fo 2
Ans: (d)
1420 = 142% 10=71 x2x 2x5 = 22x51 71"
No. of divisor = (241) (141} (141) = 12
3. Amilkman has three different quailies of mil. 408
gallons of 1 quality, 465 gallons of 2* quality and
496 gallons of 3" quality. Find the least possible
number of bottles of equal size in which diferent
milk of different qualities can be filled without
mixing?
(@) 4
© %
Ans: (d)
Iris given that gallons of
1 quality : 403,
28 quality : 465,
3° quality: 496
least number of botties will be in size of HCF (403,
465and 496)
403 = 1331
465 = 1531
496 = 16x31
HGF = 31. Sowe required 18418411
(b) 46
(0) 4
44 battles,
"What's the greatest number of 4 digits that waen
divided by any of the numbers 6,9, 12, 17leaves a
romaindor of 1?
(@) 9997 (b) 9793,
(©) 9895, (0) 9487,
‘Ans: (b)
LOMot6,9, 12, 17=612
greatest number of 4 digit divisible by 612s 9782,
fo get remainder 1 number should be 9792+1
Which of the folowing is not a perfect square?
(@) 100858 (b) 3,25, 197
(©) 948723 (0) Al of these
Ans: (d)
Souare of number never ends up with 2.3, 7, 8 ‘© Number Systems | 11
8.
10.
1.
12.
18.
The LM of (16 — 4) and (+ 6) is
(a) —8)(x + 3X8 = 24)
(0) 44 —
