Name: Globerlie S. Tura Professor: Mr.

Edgar Te

Course/Yr.: BSA-2 Time: 1:30-2:30

1. Why is a system proposal so crucial for system design?

A system’s proposal is usually offered as both a written report and as a presentation. It often ends the
second phase of a project, and suggests the following phases, most accurately the design phase which should
finally define the total project's costs, which are still very tentative. Its purpose is to convince the client's
decision makers to proceed with the project, and to gain their consensus about the best way to proceed. A
proposal should be a sales document, but it shouldn't look like it. Instead, it should offer subtle persuasion that
the proposing team has the skill to eventually deliver the proposed system. Its most important quality is
credibility. The system requirements specifications define what clients really do need from the system.

2. What is System Development Life Cycle?

The SDLC process was designed to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirements in support of
business strategic goals and objectives. In addition, the SDLC also provides a detailed guide to help Program
Managers with ALL aspects of IT system development, regardless of the system size and scope. The SDLC
contains a comprehensive checklist of the rules and regulations governing IT systems, and is one way to ensure
system developers comply with all applicable Government regulations, because the consequences of not doing
so are high and wide ranging. This is especially true in the post 9/11 environment where larger amounts of
information are considered sensitive in nature, and are shared among commercial, international, Federal,
state, and local partners.

3. What is the difference of Analysis and Design? Explain.

The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines System Analysis as "the process of studying a procedure
or business in order to identify its goals and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve
them in an efficient way". Another view sees systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that
decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of the studying how well those component
parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. Analysis and synthesis, as scientific methods, always go
hand in hand; they complement one another. Every synthesis builds upon the results of a preceding analysis,
and every analysis requires a subsequent synthesis in order to verify and correct its results. The field of
systems analysis relates closely to requirements analysis or to operations research. It is also "an explicit formal
inquiry carried out to help a decision maker identify a better course of action and make a better decision than
she might otherwise have made.”
On the contrary, System Design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the
application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems
analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering.

4. How would an Analysis determine the user’s needs for a system? Explain.
Analysis is defined as "the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into
parts," while synthesis means "the procedure by which we combine separate elements or components in order
to form a coherent whole." Systems analysis researchers apply methodology to the systems involved, forming
an overall picture. System analysis is used in every field where something is developed. Analysis can also be a
series of components that perform organic functions together, such as system engineering. in order to identify
its goals and purposes and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way". Another
view sees systems analysis as a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component
pieces for the purpose of the studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their
purpose.

5. Distinguish between initial investigation and feasibility study. In what way they are
related.
The Initial Investigation is the first step in the analysis phase of your project. It is a fact-finding mission in
which you aim to find out as much as you can about your user, the current problem and what the user needs
from a computer system in order to solve the problem. You will use a variety of methods of fact-finding in
order to give you as full a picture as possible on the other hand, as the name implies, a Feasibility Study is an
analysis of the viability of an idea. The feasibility study focuses on helping answer the essential question of
“should we proceed with the proposed project idea?” All activities of the study are directed toward helping
answer this question. They are related for before you proceed in your feasibility study, you must first start an
initial investigation in order for you to arrange and organize necessary facts and details of such topic. They are
directly proportional with each other.

6. How does System Design simplify implementation?

The design phase is concerned with the physical construction of the system. Included are the design or
configuration of the network (hardware, operating system, programming, etc.), design of user interfaces
(forms, reports, etc.), design of system interfaces (for communication with other systems), and security issues.
It is important that the proposed design be tested and be implemented for performance, and to ensure that it
meets the requirements outlined during the analysis phase. In other words, the main objective of this phase is
to transform the previously defined requirements into a complete and detailed set of specifications which will
be used during the next phase. Initiating a project first requires the documenting of needs or requirements.
Clear objectives should be developed from this study with reasons for selecting the objectives. Deliverables
then need to be documented along with the project scope.

7. What is Testing?
Testing means execution, or set of executions, of the program for the purpose of measuring its
performance. That a program was executed with no evidence of error is no proof that it contains no errors;
program errors are sensitive to the specifics of the data being processed. The goal of testing ought to be the
uncovering of defects within the program. It is designed and then executed to demonstrate correspondence
between an element and its specification. There can be no testing without specifications of intentions.  Testing
involves full-scale use of the program in a live environment. It is here that the software and hardware are
shaken down, anomalies of behaviour are eliminated, and the documentation is updated to reflect final
behaviour. The testing must be as thorough as possible. The use of adversary roles at this stage is an extremely
valuable tool because it ensures that the system works in as many circumstances as possible.

8. How is Testing different from Evaluation?

Testing is used to create goals for learning, and to decide which children are ready for the next set of
concepts. In many states, high school students must undergo state-wide testing in order to graduate with a
high school diploma and not a simple certificate of completion. Evaluations serve to uncover barriers to
learning, such as learning or social disorders. Some teachers use evaluations along with the tests to determine
if the class has grasped certain concepts or if more learning time is needed. Testing uses protocols and
standardization while evaluation requires observing the child in their natural environment. The observations
differ from one child to another, so standards and protocols must be subjective. Another difference is
frequency. Testing is a continuous process, performed often with previous results considered with the current
to result in progress. Evaluations, however, are used to make a diagnosis. Testing and evaluation are both vital
to the education system. There are no other ways to make an accurate determination of both how much the
child has learned and how the child learns. Common testing techniques include true or false determinations,
multiple choice questions and essay writing. The most common evaluations used in the classroom include
collecting data by observing the student from a distance, as he goes about the daily classroom routine. Other
evaluation methods include interviews, questionnaires and group participation. Instructors often combine
techniques as well.

9. There are several conditions in deciding on a Candidate System. What are they? Why
are they important?
In today’s business there is more demand for computer services than there are resources available to meet
the demand. The demand is made up of the following. 

1. Operations of existing system. 

2. Maintenance that focuses on “patching “ programs 
3. Enhancements that involve major modifications in program structure or equipment. 
4. Requests for candidate system 

All these demands require resources-human, financial, and technological. On the human side the
computer department has to provide the following. 

1. Computer operators to run equipment. 

2. Data entry personnel. 
3. System Analyst to define and design specifications. 
4. Application programmers to convert System specifications to Computer programs. 
5. Maintenance Programmers to debug errors. 
6. Supervisors, project leaders and Managers to Co-ordinate the jobs with the users. 

Thus, the basic problem is to match the demands for services with the available resources. How much
one project is favoured over another depends on technical, behavioural and Economic Factors. The technical
factor involves the system department’s ability to handle a project. It mostly depends on the availability of the
qualified analyst, designers and software specialist to do the work. The behavioural factors involves the users
past experience with the existing system, the success record of the analyst and the influence the user can exert
on upper management to finance a candidate system. The most important criteria in selecting a project are the
economic factor. It focuses on the systems potential return on investment.