Additional practice questions

3.1. Relations and functions

Practice 1
1) Determine which type of mapping diagram (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one,
or many-to-many) best matches each of these relations:
a. A = {vegetables growing in a garden patch},
B = {recipes in a cookbook that use vegetables},
and the relation maps a vegetable in A to a recipe uses it in B.
b. A = {students enrolled in a local high school},
B = {teachers teaching in the same local high school},
and the relation maps students in A to the teachers they have in B.
c. A = {countries}, B = {heads of states}, and the relation maps each country in A to
its head of state in B.

2) For the equation 𝑦𝑦 = √𝑥𝑥 + 5, determine the mapping diagram that best describes
the relation between set 𝐴𝐴 = {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ≥ −5, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ} and set 𝐵𝐵 = {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 0, 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ}.

Practice 3
3) Consider the set A = {−3, −1, 0, 1, 3, 5}. For each relation a to c:
i List all the ordered pairs (x, y) that represent this relation.
ii Hence, list the elements of the range (set B).
iii Draw a mapping diagram to represent the relation between set A and set B.
iv Use your mapping diagram to determine which type of relation it is.
v Determine whether or not the relation is a function.
a. 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 3 + 2 b. 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 20 c. �𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2

Practice 4
4) State the largest possible domain and the corresponding range for each function.
a. 𝑦𝑦 = 12𝑥𝑥 − 25
b. 𝑦𝑦 = −3𝑥𝑥
c. 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 2 + 10
d. 𝑦𝑦 = √3 − 𝑥𝑥
e. 𝑦𝑦 = 5(𝑥𝑥 2 − 1)
f. 𝑦𝑦 = (3 − 𝑥𝑥)(𝑥𝑥 + 3)
1
g. 𝑦𝑦 =
5𝑥𝑥

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 Additional practice questions

3
h. 𝑦𝑦 = − 2
𝑥𝑥
i. 𝑦𝑦 = 2 + √𝑥𝑥 − 4
1
j. 𝑦𝑦 = +1
𝑥𝑥+4

Practice 6
5) Determine whether the following relations are functions. Give a reason for your
answer.
a. {(−1, 20), (0,20), (0, −100), (1, 50), (2, 50), (3, −100)}
b.

c.

d.

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 Additional practice questions

Practice 7
6) For questions a and b:
i Express the relation using function notation.
ii Define the domain and range. Decide what the constraints are on the
domain and range based on the real-life context.
iii Explain how the relation is a function.
a. The perimeter of a rectangle is 24 cm. Express the relationship between the
length of the rectangle and its area.
b. The Baker family is renting a holiday house costing 300USD for the security deposit
plus 150USD per day. Express the relationship between the number of days and
the total cost of the rental.

Practice 8
7) g(x) is defined as the sum of the prime factors of x, e.g. g(12) = 2 + 3 = 5. Find:
a. g(10) b. g(21) c. g(36) d. g(99) e. g(100) f. g(1000)

8) h(x) is defined as the number of letters used to spell out the number x, e.g. h(1) = 3.
Find:
a. h(2) b. h(11) c. h(18) d. the largest value of x for which h(x) = 3

Practice 9
9) Consider the function f(x) = x(x – 1)(x + 3).
a. Calculate f(2).
1
b. Find the image of x =
2
c. Show that f(–3) = 0.
d. Decide whether the point (−1, −4) lies on the graph of f. Justify your decision.

10) Consider the function C(n) = 100 – 10n.

a. Calculate C(2).
b. The point (3, b) lies on the graph of the function C. Find the value of b.
c. The point (a, 0) lies on the graph of the function C. Find the value of a.

11) Consider the function 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3 ⋅ 2𝑥𝑥 .

a. Evaluate
i. ℎ(0)
ii. ℎ(1)

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 Additional practice questions

b. Find the value of 𝑎𝑎 such that 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎) = 24

12) Problem-solving question

Here is the graph of the function v(t) = –3t + 6.

a. Write down the value of:

i. v(1)
ii. v(3).
b. The point (m, 9) lies on the graph. Find the value of m.
c. Find the value of t for which v(t) = 0.
d. Find the set of values of t for which v(t) < 0.

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 Additional practice questions

Answers

Practice 1
1) a. Many-to-many – vegetables can be in different recipes and a recipe can have more
than one vegetable in it.
b. Many-to-many – each student has multiple teachers, and each teacher has many
students.
c. One-to-one – each country has one head of state.
2) One-to-one mapping diagram, where each value of 𝑥𝑥 within the given domain is
mapped onto its corresponding value of 𝑦𝑦 within the given range.

Practice 3
3) a. i. {(−3, 29), (−1,3), (0, 2), (1, 1), (3, −25), (5, −123)}
ii. B = {−123, −25, 1, 2, 3, 29}
iii.

iv. One -to-one

v. Yes, it is a function
b. i. {(−3, −26), (−1,−22), (0, −20), (1, −18), (3, −14), (5, −10)}
ii. B = {−26, −22, −20, −18, −14, −10}
iii.

iv. One-to-one
v. Yes, it is a function
c. i {(−3, 81), (−1,1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (3, 81), (5, 625)}
ii. B = {0, 1, 81, 625}

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 Additional practice questions

iii.

iv. Many-to-one
v. Yes, it is a function

Practice 4
4) a. The domain is 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. The range is 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ.
b. The domain is 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. The range is 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ.
c. The domain is 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 10}.
d. The domain is {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 3}.The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 0}.
e. The domain is 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≥ −5}.
f. The domain is 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≤ 9}.
g. The domain is {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0}. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0}.
h. The domain is {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0}. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 2}.
i. The domain is {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 4}.The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 2}.
j. The domain is {𝑥𝑥 | 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −4}. The range is {𝑦𝑦 | 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 1}.

Practice 6
5) a. No, 0 has two different outputs.
b. Yes, each input has a single output.
c. No, Each value of 𝑥𝑥 where −1 < 𝑥𝑥 < 1 has two different corresponding
values of 𝑦𝑦.
d. Yes, each input has a single output.

Practice 7
6) a. i. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥(12 − 𝑥𝑥)
ii. Domain: 0 < 𝑥𝑥 < 12 Range: 0 < 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) < 36
iii. It is a function because each input has a unique output.
b. i. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 150𝑥𝑥 + 300
ii. Domain: 𝑥𝑥 > 0, 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℕ} Range: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≥ 450
iii. It is a function because each input has a unique output.

Practice 8
7) a. 7 b. 10 c. 5. d. 14. e. 7. f. 7
8) a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

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 Additional practice questions

Practice 9
7
9) a. 10 b.
8
c. f(–1) = –1(–2)(2) = 4, so (–1, –4) lies on the graph of f.
10) a. 80 b. 70 c. 10
11) a. h(0) = 3, h(1) = 6
b. a=3
12) a. i. 3 ii. –3
b. –1 c. 2 d. t > 2

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