Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
DIVISION OF SORSOGON
Sorsogon Province
MAGALLANES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Magallanes, Sorsogon
School ID: 302222

TECHONOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING
7
Exploratory

LEARNING ACTIVITY SCHEET

Quarter 1 – Week 4

NAME OF LEARNER: _____________________________________DATE:_____________

SECTION: ___________________________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

TAKE A CLOSER LOOK:

Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of
computers we use at home or at work are referred to by varied names such as
PCs, microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These computers
are most popularly referred to as “personal computers” or PCs, the most
common type of computer in the world. Today, an average person uses
computer-based assistance several times each day and it becomes an integral
part of our lives. So it is very important to be aware of and understand them.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCY

Identify the important components of a PC and their functions

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III. ACTIVITIES

Direction: List five (5) hardware you are familiar with. Write your
answers on the bubbles provided below:

Hardware

1. LET US STUDY!

UNDERSTANDING THE COMPUTER SYSTEM

It is the physical, touchable,

HARDWARE electronic and mechanical
parts of a computer system.

A. MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. System Unit

The main part of a

microcomputer, sometimes called
the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips,
Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.
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 Figure 1. Tower Type System Unit

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board

The main circuit board of a

computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that run
the computer.

Figure 2. Modern Motherboard

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The processor is the main

“brain” or “heart” of a computer
system. It performs all of the
Figure 3. Examples of CPU instructions and calculations that
are needed and manages the flow
of information through a computer.

4. Primary storage

(internal storage, main memory or

memory) is the computer's working
storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and
processed data (information)
waiting to be sent to secondary
storage. Physically, primary storage
Figure 4. Examples of RAM
is a collection of RAM chips.

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 5. Expansion Bus

A bus is a data pathway between

several hardware components
inside or outside a computer. It
does not only connect the parts of
the CPU to each other, but also
Figure 5. Expansion Bus links the CPU with other important
hardware.

6. Adapters

Printed-circuit boards (also called

interface cards) that enable the
computer to use a peripheral
device for which it does not have
the necessary connections or
circuit boards. They are often used Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)
to permit upgrading to a new
different hardware.

7. Power Supply
Unit (PSU)

Installed in the back corner of the

PC case, next to the motherboard.
It converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are
used by other components in the
Figure 7. Power Supply Unit PC.

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 8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Also known as hard drive, is a

magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent
storage for data. In a Windows
Figure 8. Hard Disk Drive
computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and
applications.

9. Optical Drive

An optical drive is a storage device

that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types
of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-
Figure 9.Optical Drive ray Disc (BD).

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

Designed to optically access data

stored on a DVD. A laser moves back
and forth near the disk surface and
accesses data at a very fast rate.

Figure 10. DVD Drive

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B. INPUT DEVICES
It accepts data and instructions from
the user or from another computer
system. There are two types of Input
Devices:

1. Keyboard Entry 2. Direct Entry

1. Keyboard Entry - Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Keyboard
The first input device developed for
the PC. Data is transferred to the
PC over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din connector
Figure 11. Keyboard that plugs into the back of the
motherboard.

2. Direct Entry - A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by
someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable
data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

There are Three Categories of

Direct Entry Devices:

1. Pointing Devices 2. Scanning Devices 3. Voice- Input Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on

screen.

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 Mouse

The first input device developed for

the PC. Data is transferred to the
PC over a short cable with a
circular 6-pin Mini-din connector
that plugs into the back of the
motherboard.
Figure 12. Mouse

Touch screen

A display screen that is

sensitive to the touch of a
finger or stylus. Used in
myriad applications,
including ATM machines,
retail point-of-sale
terminals, car navigation
Figure 13. Touch Screen Devices
and industrial controls. The
touch screen became wildly
popular for smart phones
and tablets.

Light Pen

A light-sensitive stylus wired

to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select
menu options. The user
brings the pen to the desired
point on screen and presses
the pen button to make
Figure 14. Light Pen Devices
contact.

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 Digitizer Tablet

A graphics drawing tablet used

for sketching new images or
tracing old ones. Also called a
"graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the
device with a wired or wireless
pen or puck. Often mistakenly
called a mouse, the puck is Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet
officially the "tablet cursor."

2. Scanning Devices - A device that can read text or illustrations printed on

paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use.

Figure 16. Image Scanner

Figure 17. Bar Code Reader

3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for
processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as
microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice
message or navigate software.

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 Figure 18. Microphones

C. OUTPUT DEVICES - A form of input that does not require data to be keyed
by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable
data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

1. Computer Display Monitor - It displays information in visual form,

using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the
information is called the screen or video display terminal.

There are three types of

Monitor:

1. CRT Monitors 2. LCD Monitors

3. LED Monitors

CRT MONITORS

Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT)

were the only type of
displays for use with
Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor desktop PCs. They are
relatively big (14" to 16"
deep) and heavy (over 15
lbs).

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 LCD MONITORS

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

technology has been used in
laptops for some time. It has
recently been made
commercially available as Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor
monitors for desktop PCs.

LED MONITORS

(Light Emitting Diode) - A

display and lighting
technology used in almost
every electrical and
electronic product on the
Figure 21. Light Emitting Diode Monitor market, from a tiny on/off
light to digital readouts,
flashlights, traffic lights and
perimeter lighting.

2. LCD Projectors - utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid

crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid
causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each
crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or
blocking the light.

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 Figure 22. LCD Projector

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive

transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.

Figure 23. Smart Board

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

There are 5 types of printer:

1. Ink-Jet Printer 2. Laser Printer

3. LCD & LED Printer 4. Line Printer

5. Thermal Printer

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 INK-JET PRINTER

Also called as Bubble-Jet Printer. Sprays

ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers
produce high-quality text and graphics.
Figure 24. Ink-Jet Printer

LASER PRINTER

Uses the same technology as copy

machines. Laser printers produce very
high quality text and graphics.
Figure 25. Laser Printer

LCD & LED PRINTER

Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid

crystals or light-emitting diodes rather
Figure 26. LCD Printer than a laser to produce an image on the
drum.

LINE PRINTER

Contains a chain of characters or pins

that print an entire line at one time. Line
printers are very fast, but produce low-
quality print. Figure 27. Line Printer

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 THERMAL PRINTER

An inexpensive printer that works by pushing

heated pins against heat-sensitive paper.
Figure 28. Thermal Printer Thermal printers are widely used in
calculators and fax machines.

5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the

system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music
and hear sound effects from your computer.

2. LET US PRACTICE!

TASK 1: FIND ME!

Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer

components and give their role on the computer system.

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1. ______________________________ 6. _____________________________

2. ______________________________ 7. _____________________________

3. ______________________________ 8. _____________________________

4. ______________________________ 9. _____________________________

5. ______________________________ 10. _____________________________

TASK 2: GROUP ME!

Direction: Different hardware components are found in the box.

Label and group them into Input Devices, Output Devices and Storage
Devices.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

_____________ _____________
_____________ ____ ____
____
_________________
_________________

_____________
____
_____________
_________________
____
_________________

_____________
_________________
_____________ ____ _____________
____ ____

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 Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

3. GENERALIZATION

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the

different hardware components of a computer system. Each component plays
an important role, without each other computer systems will not work properly.

4. EVALUATION

Direction: Identify the following hardware components of a computer system.

Write your answers in the space provided.

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IV. REFERENCES

Department of Education, K to 12 Basic Education Program Learning Materials

Grade 7 or 8: Technology and Livelihood Education: Information &
Communications Technology (ICT)Computer Hardware Servicing, pp. 19-23.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7M6_VeDhJE&feature=related
www.computerhope.com

Elfred G. Sy, T-I (Magallanes National High School)

Learning Activity Sheet Writer

Reviewed and Validated by

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Glenda O. Bornilla, T-III (Magallanes National High School)
Validator and Reviewer

Roberto S. Carpio, HT-I (Magallanes National High School)

Validator and Reviewer

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