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Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges: What's in

The document discusses plate tectonics and natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanoes. It provides background on how the Earth's crust is broken into tectonic plates that are constantly moving. This movement of plates causes earthquakes and results in the formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges. The Philippines lies within the Ring of Fire, a zone with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to the interaction of tectonic plates. Students are assessed on their understanding of these concepts and asked to create an awareness campaign on natural calamities.

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Ruby Jean Lagunay
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88 views3 pages

Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges: What's in

The document discusses plate tectonics and natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanoes. It provides background on how the Earth's crust is broken into tectonic plates that are constantly moving. This movement of plates causes earthquakes and results in the formation of volcanoes and mountain ranges. The Philippines lies within the Ring of Fire, a zone with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to the interaction of tectonic plates. Students are assessed on their understanding of these concepts and asked to create an awareness campaign on natural calamities.

Uploaded by

Ruby Jean Lagunay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson

Volcanoes, Earthquakes,
1 and Mountain Ranges
What’s In

Our country is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Thus, we often experience earthquakes, and we are
home to many majestic but terrible volcanoes. These topics were discussed in Grade 8 and 9 Science.

Directions: Do you still remember your discussions during your Grade 6, 8, and 9 about volcanoes
and earthquakes? You need to recall important words related to volcanoes and earthquakes that will
be used in this module. Below is a vocabulary word list with missing letters. Read the definition on
the left side to complete each word on the right side. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

Definition Vocabulary Word


1. A volcano with accounts of eruption documented within 1. A_T_V_ VO_C_NO
10,000 years (2 words)
2. A big body of land on the globe 2. _O_ _IN_ _T
3. A vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of energy 3. E_ _T_ _U_KE
4. The location on the Earth's surface directly above the focus 4. _PI_ _N_ _R
of an earthquake
5. The exact site of the origin of an earthquake, below 5. F_C_ _
the epicenter
6. The liquid rock below the Earth's surface 6. _A_MA
7. A landmass that projects well above its surroundings; 7. M_U_TA_ _
higher than a hill
8. A chain of mountains (2 words) 8. _OU_TA_N R_N_E
9. Earthquake waves (2 words) 9. _E_SM_C W_V_S
10. The first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a seismic 10. P_IM_RY _A_ _
station, these compression waves are the fastest and
travel through solids, liquids, and gases (2 words)
11. The second type of earthquake wave to be recorded in a 11. _E_ _ND_ R_ WAVE
seismic station; these shearing waves are stronger than P-
waves, but only move through solids (2 words)
12. The graphical record of an earthquake 12. _E_S_OG_A_
A measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the 13. S_I_ _O_RA_H
intensity and direction and duration of movements of an
earthquake
A Japanese term for “big wave in the port;” generated 14. _S_NA_I
during undersea quakes
A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or 15. _OL_ANO
vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor and gas is
being or have been erupted from the earth's crust

Our Earth has four layers consisting of different materials, namely, crust, mantle,
inner, and outer core. For this module, we will focus on the lithosphere which is composed
of the crust and the upper mantle.
The lithosphere is said to be in constant but very slow motion. These motions are
not the same everywhere. This movement of the lithosphere is called tectonics.
According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is
broken into numerous segments called plates (see Figure 1). The arrows show the
direction of the plate movement and the other lines are the fault lines.

Figure 1. Moving Plates of the Earth


Do you notice in Figure 1 that there are seven relatively large plates and several smaller ones, including the
Philippine plate? Can you remember all their names?
Remember that plates are in constant motion. As they interact along their margins, important geologic
processes take places, such as the formation of major mountain ranges, active volcanoes, and earthquake
epicenters. It means to say that, where there are earthquakes, crusts can either meet or move apart and form
mountains and volcanoes.
Plate movements may result in earthquakes. Earthquakes may happen anytime, either on land or underwater.
Earthquakes on land can be caused either by tectonic plates movement or volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes
under the sea can cause a tsunami.
Our country, the Philippines, is situated in a place where Plate Tectonics is very evident- the Ring of Fire. It
is a long chain of volcanoes and other tectonically active structures that surround the Pacific Ocean. The
Ring of Fire is one of the most geologically active areas on Earth and a site for frequent earthquakes and
powerful volcanic eruptions.
ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each item carefully. Use a separate sheet for your answers. Write only the letter of the
correct answer for each question.

1. Which theory states that the entire crust is broken and is continuously moving?
A. Continental Drift C. Seafloor Spreading
B. Plate Tectonics D. Titanic Theory
2. What do we call the continuously moving part of the earth’s crust?
A. fault B. fissure C. fracture D. plate
3. Which of these phrases is FALSE about lithospheric plates?
A. have the same thickness everywhere B. include the crust and upper mantle
C. thickest in the mountain regions D. vary in thickness
4. A landmass that projects well above its surroundings is a mountain. What do you call a chain of
mountains?
A. mountain arc C. mountain range
B. mountain chain D. mountainous
5. Plates float on the surface of the mantle. Which plate pushes the Philippine Plate toward the Eurasian
Plate?
A. Cocos Plate B. Indo-Australian Plate C. Nazca Plate D. Pacific Plate
6. What should you NOT DO during an earthquake?
A. cover your head B. duck under the table C. park your car D. run to a tall tree
7. Which is NOT TRUE about the location of the epicenter of earthquakes?
A. Some are located along the edges of the continents. B. Some are located in mid-continents.
C. Some are located in North Asia. D. Some are located in oceans
8. Why is it important to be aware of places prone to earthquakes?
A. to identify what crop must be stored B. to identify when to evacuate
C. to locate where to stay best D. to perform necessary precautions
9. Where are most volcanoes situated?
A. along fault lines C. near mountain ranges
B. concentrated on continental edges D. under the oceanic crust
10. Which famous Philippine volcano is usually seen in world maps due to its violent eruption in 1991?
A. Bulusan B. Kanlaon C. Mayon D. Pinatubo

What I Can Do

AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
1. Collaborate with any of your siblings, parents, or guardians to make a SLOGAN as your awareness
campaign about natural calamities.
2. Your material can be in English, Filipino, or your mother tongue. Avoid foul or vulgar words in your
content.
3. Make your final output as presentable as possible observing neatness and readability.
4. Avoid copying slogan from the internet or from your classmates.

Standards Rubric
Targets Awareness (words/images are realistic) 5 points
Grammar and Spelling (English and/or vernacular) 5 points
Techniques (persuasiveness/humor in words and pictures 5 points
Impact (attractive and neat) 5 points
TOTAL - 20 points

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