The Impact of Green Marketing On Brand Love: A Case of Beauty Brands of Pakistan
The Impact of Green Marketing On Brand Love: A Case of Beauty Brands of Pakistan
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Eco-friendly effluence and decreasing number of natural resources has led the humanity
to find the avenues to solve these global problems. Many organizations have begun to realize and
started creating strategies to resolve the environmental issues (Banerjee, 1995). This global
approach has changed the overall business patterns to make the process friendly to nature. In this
regard green marketing has become a prominent solution in today’s world (Yilmaz2, 2012).
1.6 Hypothesis
Ho: Green advertising, Eco-Labelling, Eco-branding has no influence on brand love & brand
trust.
Literature Review
According to Aurora - Dawn (2018), Beauty and personal care market in Pakistan has
been diluted with the lack of documentation and with the huge informal and grey segments.
There is enough space for the brands to cater niches based on geographic segments, pricing
Since Pakistan’s average age is 23 years ultimately results in 57% younger generation, which
depicts the rise in consumption and spending of consumers. The increasing usage of internet
and smartphones has connected the global world which is leading to aware more people
towards environmental concerns. It gains their support for a safer planet through
Increasing number of beauty brands in Pakistan are using the claims of being environmentally
friendly which is creating green awareness among the consumers. Backed by buying power
people tend to buy green products more frequently. The country has market potential which
can be seen by the expanding portfolios of beauty products. The global conglomerates are
dominating the the beauty market at larger scale whereas L’Oreal, Reckitt Benckiser (RB),
Johnsons & Johnsons, P&G, Unilever, and Colgate Palmolive are entered late in this area. The
local brands consist of Hashmi, Kala Kola, Medora, Saeed Ghani, and Tibet. J. Cosmetics and
Fragrances and Hemani by Wasim Badami are the known brands for their competitive
products.
According to The Economic Survey of Pakistan 2017-18, per capita disposable income has
been raised with the increasing urbanization. The reason behind it is the increasing number of
women workforces. It has ultimately created a huge demand for greener options and quality
beauty products.
The category of beauty and personal care is resistant to inflation. This is primarily because the
key drivers of shopper conversion in this category are perceived product efficiency, ingredient
quality, and the emotional need these products fulfill rather than just price. This explains why
the category registers growth year-on-year despite rising global inflationary pressures. The
market worth for domestic beauty and personal care products was estimated at $1.7 billion
with expected estimates of an annual growth rate of 15 percent up to mark. (Shaikh, 2018).
In 2017, the market size value for global beauty and personal care was estimated at $ 455.3
billion with expected estimates of an annual compound growth rate (CAGR) of 5.9 percent up
to 2025.
This style, in turn, a result of clients turning into greater conscious that a few mass
marketplace products can offer the equal excellent as their high-priced opposite numbers.
What is also giant is that irrespective of the truth that the profits growth is generated
merchandise, the improvements are most customarily brought through brands within the
pinnacle charge phase. The connection among splendor practices, femininity and feminism is
nicely documented in the scholarly literature. in lots of societies, ‘doing’ splendor is a vital
trouble of ‘doing’ femininity: being lovely, as defined via the usage of the norms of a society
— for example, in terms of pores and skin kind and complexion, and body form, length and
appearance — and jogging in the route of carrying out those traditional requirements are an
standard (and anticipated) part of what ladies do through unique characteristic of being
‘ladies’. a few feminists (associated, mainly, with the ‘second wave’) have criticized
normative beauty practices, and the rather worthwhile commercialized splendor organization
that drives those practices, as oppressive upon girls normally (Lazar.M,2011). The beauty
employer has been focused for upholding narrow and restrictive definitions of beauty, for
reinforcing the weight of ‘lookism’ upon girls (particularly, ladies are constantly judged with
the aid of how they look), and for selling unhealthy body photograph obsessions and likely
dangerous splendor strategies. but different feminists (recognized with the ‘1/3 wave’ and
whose perspectives effects healthy internal that of postfeminist), have reclaimed beauty
practices as fun, self-selected and skilled woman pastimes (Jervis & Zeisler, 2006).
Green Marketing refers to the concept of promoting products that are less damaging to the
marketing, utilizing the product and finally disposition. The purpose of green marketing is to
create the awareness about making the products and services in a manner that is less nocuous
environment in the overall production process of any product and services. By witnessing the
harmful impacts of productions to global climate changes, both marketers and consumers are
trying to make the environmental friendly products and services (Sarumathi, 2014). According
marketing. It refers to all the activities that are designed to expedite the satisfaction of human
needs and wants without creating a huge danger to the environment. The selling of products
industries (Peattie, Towards sustainability: The third Age for Green Marketing., 2009).
Product design, packaging, product features, labelling and position of a product comes in the
practices of green approaches. The green strategy requires to control pollution, source
deterioration, harmful disposable, and finding more avenues to recycling and reusing that
product (Pujari, 1996) According to (Polonsky, 2006) green promotion positions the brand as
less damaging to environment. The promotional message clearly conveys that the brand bears
the environmental responsibility and promotes the reinforcement of green lifestyle (Banerjee,
2003) . As (Aaker, 2006) explained that the brand strength lies in the consumer’s brand
perception. Green marketing creates a brand that can be differentiated based on its green
manner of products is made’. Labels indicating environmental care assist the clients to pick
out the product better. Eco-labeling is an powerful manner of informing clients about the
environmental affects of selected products and the choices they can make. It empowers human
beings to discriminate among merchandise which are dangerous to the surroundings and
people greater like minded with environmental objectives. according to (Delafrooz, 2014), ‘in
a few circumstances the vendor may also need a right away ‘Label’ but are obliged by using
the law to feature extra statistics’. ‘Environmental labels permit clients to without problems
label is definitely correlated with purchaser enthusiasm to buy (Awan, 2011). the popularity of
eco-label has a fantastic effect between the information of a green product and purchaser’s
willingness to buy. further, previous researches that had been finalized in western countries
have agreed that maximum clients have high quality inexperienced consciousness on eco-
categorized merchandise (Cherian, 2012). Eco-labels are appealing tools notifying clients
about the environmental effect of their shopping for willpower (Rashid, 2009). To guide
clients to categorise merchandise the ones are more environmentally favored than other equal
products, eco-labeling schemes had been proposed so one can facilitate environmental
consumerism which means that that consumers are getting more involved for the environment
and are likely to make adjustments of their purchase patterns. The first actual schemes of eco-
labelling were developed in Germany (Blue Angel eco-label) because the late 1977. In current
day, there are distinctly 30 various inexperienced label schemes worldwide. Asian
international locations inclusive of China, Japan, Korea, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and
Singapore have released their very own eco-labeling schemes. The Malaysian company area is
not far in the back of in reacting to protests growing from hobby made from the clients for
products. ‘Malaysian inexperienced label schemes had been dedicated to launch in 1996 via
the standards and commercial studies Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) within the time of there
conservation, digital device, dangerous metal free electrical, non-poisonous plastic packaging
purchasers are increasingly more aware of environmental and social issues and are looking for
accountable merchandise (Chen and Chang, 2013) which might be greater long lasting, fairer
and made from recycled substances (Lozano et al., 2010). To turn cutting-edge patterns of
programme have an essential position on this verbal exchange. The goal of this look at is to
analyze what gaps there may be in the present-day criteria development processes with
regards to a strategic sustainability angle and broaden tips on how such presumptive gaps
could be bridged. First a formerly posted time-honored framework for strategic sustainable
statistics for the evaluation is accumulated from literature and in semi-established interviews
and discussions with eco-labelling professionals. During the last few years, governments have
attempted to promote responsible environmental practices through the usage of, on the one
hand, a command and manage technique in which they specify requirements and technologies
Eco-branding is the process through which design can be transformed to make the brands
more economical and ecological. Brand is interpreted by the American Marketing Association
as “a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or the combination of them, engaged to recognize
the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to distinguish them from those of a
competitor.” This description can act as a conclusion for the eco-brand as well. According to
Delafrooz, (2014) like eco label, using the aspects of eco brand on a product can help
products.
Consumers will proceed to purchase eco-friendly options for products that cause impact on the
environment at a high level as compared to those with low level of environmental impact. As per
Rahbar, (2011) Malaysian consumers consider aerosols, household cleaning, glass based,
pesticides and plastics as non-green product and titles them to cause a very high effect on the
environment. Therefore, it can be foreseen that consumers will react to eco-branded products in a
positive way as they consist of environmental aspects. Consumers interpret the environmental
concerns of brand by its environmental labels. The most critical part for the marketers and
marketing researchers is the popularity of impact of logo on purchasers’ shopping choice. Green
manufacturers need to create an impact of the scenario that inexperienced merchandise feature the
same as non-inexperienced ones. also, green brands ought to be used to help clients distinguish
inexperienced brands from different same manufacturers with equal moves. The essential aspect
persuading purchasers to alternate real buy behavior to buy merchandise is emotional logo
advantages. therefore, the buying behavior will alternate to buy environmental pleasant
merchandise resulting from concerning of the advantage of inexperienced brands. that is because
consumers are much more likely to purchase merchandise which are green for the surroundings
and are based totally on a green emblem instead of non-green products due to the love and care
for sustainable environment. According to (Rahbar, 2011), the consumers who consider
environment process will buy products that are related to green brands to meet their emotional
wants. Green advertising is a brand new and evolving concept of marketing green and eco-
enjoyable eco-labelling and eco-footprinting preferred norms. the thing focuses on the
The object examines how green consumerism can be linked to eco-marketplace and to what
volume this will be encouraged with the aid of cross-cultural variations in customer behavior. The
scope of regarding green advertising with company ethics and corporate social duty (CSR) for
inclusive growth of green markets has been explored. The item additionally examines how the
green branding can leverage the eco-market thru the mechanism of eco-labelling and eco-foot
printing, complimented via inexperienced deliver chain control practices. Eventually, the object
research, at some length, the desirability of thinking about the aspects of sustainability issue and
eco-improvements which could help sell inexperienced consumerism (A.N. Sarkar2012). Eco-
there's a growing emphasis on branding and exposure to construct emblem photo with patron
believe. It protected strengthening sustainability in agency, certifying claims made and offering
this to consumers by way of eco-branding and publicity. In this observe, we examined the
relationship between eco-branding and emblem inexperienced photo of fashion products, and it
became mentioned that they've linear dating. This linear dating between eco-branding and logo
green picture cannot best show the importance of eco-branding method but also show the
Serious global environmental issues have generated a need to bring the public attention to
environmental problems and to create a worldwide movement to improve the situation. The
most preferred techniques to create awareness are advertisements through digital and
traditional media. Most of the organizations are using advertising to promote the green
lifestyle by explaining the green attributes and benefits of product. This advertising
significantly helps to create environmentally responsible consumers. Green advertising is one
of the ways to compel the consumers to adopt green consumption patterns by frequently
buying products that are environmentally friendly. It reinforces the idea that green product not
only benefit the consumer, but it also produces positive consequences for nature as well
(Delafrooz, 2014).
According to Davis (1994) green advertising comprises of three elements. It starts with the
environmental safety slogans and statements. Later, the organization explicitly explains the
way it has converted its normal process to green approaches to show its contribution to the
improvement of nature. Lastly, the company promotes through green advertising all the
activities in which it has involved to secure nature and environment (Rahbar, 2011)
Green advertising prepares the audience to be environmentally responsible which a reward for
them, ultimately. But for marketing managers it’s a huge responsibility to make the message
reliable. All the advertising professional and marketing managers need to have excessive
knowledge about environmental issues so that they can communicate and present the correct
information in the ads (Alniacik, 2012). With the increasing environmental consumerism
buyers are more conscious of their purchase of eco-friendly beauty products. Green
advertising clearly distinguishes between the green and non-green product which further helps
in strengthening the brand identity. (Zhu, 2013). The effort of Eco friendly- cosmetic brands
to create proper awareness, will let people in masses to start thinking on global environment
sustainability which can change their choices and decision-making process while purchasing
beauty products.
trust is individual & rational result of brand awareness and brand likeness. Therefore, global
brand awareness and global brand are essential prerequisites for global brand trust. It appears
questionable that global brand trust might be formed either customers were unaware or
disliked the global brand. They described that brand trust plays a vital part as variable which
Romaniuk, (2005) conducted a research to study the trust of different global brands. They
conducted consumers sampling of the people from the United Kingdom and Australia. The
selected 110 local brands from 13 markets to check the effect of brand trust. They found
slightly difference in brand trust when regulatory for market share. They determined that
‘trust is more like a “hygiene” aspect in all brands, so all brands have to create a definite level
Morgsan, (2000) analyzed & described that brand trust & brand affect are performing as the
major key element for the success of firm. Brand trust & brand affect both worked as the
savior of relationship investment for company’s partner and offer long term assistance and
Speckman, (2008) also described that brand effect & brand trust both are the foundation of
strategic corporation. (Berry, 1991) Confirm that effective service marketing & promotion can
consumers consider that a specific brand which they prefer most fulfills their (both male &
the actions of consumer buy the product or brand earlier and later. And it declares long term
loyalty of the brand as well as strong relationship between consumer and brand/company
According to Kabadayi and Alan in 2012, they described that brand trust can be made and
established through the customer’s first hand experiences of the brands. Kabadayi,( 2012) &
Cakmak, (2016) defined the brand trust as the confident sentiment of the consumer’s feeling
in a questionable manner towards the brand that certain brand will compete their personal
desires.
Furthermore, Soong, (2011) described brand trust as the consumer's insecurity can be
decreased by trust, because the brand is trust worthy is not only known by consumers but they
also think that the essential link of the brand trust is reliable, harmless and faithful feasting
development.
According to Tjiptono, (2005) they stated that the commitment of the consumers to use the
certain brand due to which brand trust can increase and eventually by getting the fulfillment
from a product or brand which will create brand loyalty. In 1994, Morgan and Hunt defined
brand trust as it occurs when one party has confidence in an exchange partner’s dependability
and truthfulness (Morgan,2000). In 2010, Sung and Kim defined brand trust in the light of a
study which is related to the apparel, watches and perfume; reliability and capability as the
identified by confident beliefs and willingness to trust on the brand. It is claimed that brand
trust as the brand trust functions as a mental mechanism through which consumers eased the
This research is based on the studies of brand love by examining Green Advertising, Eco-
Labeling, Eco-Branding and brand trust for beauty products in Pakistan. (Sternberg, 2003).
According to interpersonal love theory, the research model of consumer and brand
relationship is identically structured. In which brand love is based upon three elements
Brand love creates outline for consumer’s identity with more trustful emotional attachment
and responses. According to the literature of Brand Love Prototype, it is stated as the trade
name of any specific brand is attached by passionate emotion of its consumer (Ahuvia,2005).
Affection and Passion are the macro-dimensions of Brand love. Brand love have more
Thomson & MacInnis, (2007) defined brand love as the positive word of mouth (WOM) is
related to brand love and brand loyalty. Research described brand love as the relationships are
established through time and the ultimate outcome of the procedure is love and not an
Eco Labelling
Green Advertisement
IMPACT OF GREEN MARKETING ON BRAND LOVE & TRUST
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
3. Methodology
3.1 Data
In order to gather the primary data, a self-administered questionnaire is sent through Google docs
to the respondents. We conducted an online survey among people for this study. The purpose of
selecting this technique was to obtain primary data from respondents regarding their perception
and attitude towards eco-friendly beauty products as well as to achieve the required sample size
in a comparatively fast and inexpensive way. The source of secondary data collecting is from
published research papers and articles from Google Scholars, JStor, Research Gateway, Emerald
3.2 Variables
To conduct this research, we will take dependent and independent variables in order to analyze
Juwaheer (2012), Eco Branding is adapted from Juwaheer (2012) and Green Advertising is
adapted from (Juwaheer, 2012) and (Haytko, 2008). Mediator, Brand Trust is adapted from
(Zengin2, 2013) and (Arjun Chaudhuri, 2001) and Dependent Variable Brand Love is adapted
To meet the objectives of the study, a sample population of 204 respondents has been selected
which is representative of the sampling unit i.e. the entire population spread across Karachi,
Pakistan. The respondents comprised of both males and females ranging from 18 years to 55+
years and belong to upper class and upper middle class. The respondents are professionals,
students, household duties workers, manual workers, self-employed and others. The purpose of
selecting respondents from this socio-economic class was to generate data from people who have
Non probability sampling technique has been used to collect the data. A self-administered
questionnaire based on Likert scale has been distributed through Google form to the respondents
to study the above stated variables, in order to gather data about the concerns of consumers
regarding green beauty brands. The responses of 204 participants have been utilized for analysis.
The data is collected through a non-probability technique known as convenience sampling as all
subjects were invited to participate in the study that were easily accessible.
The statistical tools, which are used in this study to measure all the variables, are Regression
using spss.
Chapter 4
Figure 1
The information of demographic features shows that 50.7% individuals that attended the
study range between the age of 18-25, 18% of them range between the ages of 26-33,
15.6% of them range between the age of 34-45, 6.8% of them range between the age of 46-54 &
8.8% of them are of age 55 and above.
Figure 2
The information of demographic features shows that 49.5% of the individuals attended in this
study are female, 48% are male while 2.5% did not prefer telling their gender
Figure 3
Figure 1
The demographic information shows that 43.2%of the individuals who attended to this study are
students, 25.2% of them are professionals, 11.2% are engaged in household duties, 3.4% are
Figure 4
Since the significance level is more than 0.05 we can conclude that green advertising has no
statistically significant impact on brand trust &love for beauty products in Pakistan.
Figure 5
Since the significance level is more than 0.05 we can conclude that eco-branding has no
statistically significant impact on brand trust &love for beauty products in Pakistan.
Figure 6
Since the significance level is less than 0.05 we can conclude that eco-labelling has a statistically
Green advertising and eco-branding does not have a statistically significant impact on brand trust
&love because their significance level is more than 0.05 thus the null hypothesis is retained.
Eco-labelling has a statistically significant impact on brand trust &love because its significance
5.1 Conclusion
In green marketing, all green marketing activities are focused together with
management practice has been adopted to produce and promote environmentally friendly
beauty products. The objective of this research was to measure what makes a customer
love and trust a beauty brand which are ecofriendly. After conducting the survey and
running the data of the survey on SPSS it was concluded that customer love and trust
beauty brands which are eco-friendly because of eco-labelling. The demand for cosmetics
will preserve developing, fueled mainly via the emerging markets of Asia and Latin
America, what is going to make a contribution to advent of new merchandise, Shape new
spending styles and probable even set up new splendor canons. Global cosmetics
expectations of their new clients, originating from special, non-Western cultures and
behaving in some other way. Pores and skin care the segment with the biggest growth
functionality. It will continue to be the flagship section on the beauty marketplace over
the following couple of years. 4. The figuring out issue for marketplace success may be
mass cosmetics income - they will be setting the tone for the complete market. Growing
attention of mass cosmetics being almost as genuine as status cosmetics will facilitate the
supermarkets and hypermarkets similarly to on line income channels growth their stocks
If the sample size would have been much larger the results might have been different however
because of time constraint more responses could not be collected, and we had to run our data on
Since we do not have many years of experience of conducing researches and producing
academic papers of such a large size individually, the scope and depth of discussions in this
paper might be compromised on many levels compared to the works of experienced scholars.
Based on this research, an organization can take hands on few strategies to achieve green brand
image.
1. The use of fair environmental claims in advertising positively reinforces the image of
eco-friendly brand.
consumers.
3. Establish a movement and spread it over social media. Ask people to join hands together
4. Create an online brand community, to discuss the product related green features and let
others share their opinions as well. It will create a sense of membership with the brand
5. Try to make sustainable production less costly, so that products could be selling at a low
price.
6. Aware your consumer about green approaches so that they can find the reason to pay
premium.
7. Since it has been reviewed in paper, that Pakistani market mostly consists of millennial
who is more conscious about environmental friendly consumption, the brand should
8. Green marketing not only provides sustainable production but it also gives a competitive
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