The line graph gives information about the percentage of people who used internet in three

countries during a period of 10 years from 2009 to 2019

It is clear that the proportion of people using internet has increased in different countries over the
period shown. Overall, a much larger Canadians and Americans users had access to the internet in
comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fast growth in the internet usage

In 2009, the percentage of internet users in Canada was about 20%. The figures for USA and Mexico
were lower, at about 15% and 5% respectively. In 2015, people who used internet at Canada and
USA rapidly rose up to 70%, this figure in Mexico was just reach to about 40%

In 2019, the proportion of internet users was highest in Canada. Almost 100% of Canadians used
internet compared to about 90% in USA and only 50% in Mexico

Value of export of kiwi fruit from New Zealand to different 5 countries from 2010 to 2012

Japan, china, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Russia

The value of export of kiwi fruit – the exploration of Kiwi – Importation of country A from New
Zealand – earning from kiwi exportation – revenues –export values – earning from exporting -

The table shows earnings of Kiwi fruit from New Zeeland exportation to other four different nations.
Units are measured in NZ$, and the data were collected in three consecutive years 2010, 2011 and
2012

It is clear that export values attained at Japan, China, Mexico, Russia enjoyed upswing, with Russia
and Mexico undergoing the highest growth, while export to Saudi Arabia showed an opposite
pattern. Overall, New Zealand earned the highest revenue from exporting kiwi to Japan

In 2010, earnings from exporting kiwi to Japan ranked first, far tripling the China’s export value (74.9
million), and vastly outnumbering Mexico (1.2 million) and Russia (968,000) and Saudi Arabia
(290,000). Thereafter export values thrived in most countries, reaching 287, 4 million for Japan, 000
for China, 000 for

By 2012, the figures for …. Had added up to 000, 000, and 000 respectively. Export values to Russia

Export value
Highest revenue
Attained
Enjoy upswing
Undergoing with highest growth
Opposite pattern
Ranked highest
Far tripling
Vastly outnumbering
Thrived
Reaching
Had added up
Respectively
Witnessing a downturn
Dropping to a low of only…

The bar chart shows the rate of overweight males and females in Australis from 1980 to 2010
The chart indicates the proportion of overweight men and female in Australia, and the data’s were
collected in the years: 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010
It is clear that the percentage of people who was overweight for men and women was upswing, with

The line chart indicates how many tonnes of the average carbon dioxide (per person) emitted for
each individual at different (Europe) European countries namely United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, and
Portugal (from 1967 to 2007) over a forty years period
(Overall, the number of average carbon dioxide emission (per person) per individual in UK was by far
the highest. It is also clear that these data’s average output of United Kingdom and Sweden saw the
most significant changes. These figures for Italy and Portugal had an upward trend and the opposite
was true for United and Sweden)
 Overall, average output of carbon dioxide in UK and Sweden began the highest and then
witnessed a decline toward the end of the period. Conversely, Italy and Portugal began with
relatively low emissions and indicated large increase by the end of the timeframe
 In 1967, the Up showed the highest proportion of carbon emissions at around 11 metric
tonnes for each person. This figure declined steadily ending at approximately 9 metric
tonnes. Sweden’s output started at around 9 metric tonnes and this then rose to the peak of
approximately 11 metric tonnes in 1977 and then witnessed a rapid decline to
approximately half of that by 2007
 in

The line chart gives information about how many percentage of total music sold by 3 different
methods namely Streams, Downloads and CDs purchased from a period of 8 years which starting
from 2011
Overall, the percentage of selling music in Streams was the most significant changes. It is also clear
that this figure for Stream saw an upward trend and the opposite was true for Downloads and CDs
purchased method

The line chart indicates how much money people spending on mobile phone and home phone
services during a period of 10 years since 2001
Overall, the money that people spent on cell phone and landline phone services saw the most
significant changes during a period shown. This figure for cell phone service witnessed an upward
trend and the opposite was true for residential phone service.

The line graph gives information about how many people visiting a Caribbean Island in different
ways namely visitors staying on the cruise ships, visitors staying on the island and in total from 2010
to 2017
Overall, the number of visitors staying on Island saw the most significant change. It is also clear that
these figures for both visitors who are staying on the cruise ships and Island witnessed an upward
trend

The line graph indicates how many percentage crime of young people in suburban and rural areas
from 1995 to 1998
Overall, the percentage of criminal who was under 18 years old in Suburban area saw the most
significant fluctuation. It is also clear that these figures for rural and urban areas witnessed a
downward trend
In 1995, the percentage of crime stood minimally at about 0.5 percent. This number was
AVERAGE

Overall, it can be seen that the CO2 output for individual in the UK and Sweden began the highest
but declined steadily toward the end of the period. However, Italy and Portugal started with
relatively low emissions but saw significant increase by the end of the timeframe.
In 1967, The UK’s output saw the highest CO2 emissions per people at around 11 metric tonnes.

Is/are estimated to
Is/are projected to
Is/are predicted to
Is/are forecast to
Is/are set to

Overall, The UK and Sweden started the highest of CO2 carbon

In contrast, Portugal in 1967 had the lowest output at just over 1 tonnes per person. Over the next
four decades, this increased sharply ending at over 4 metric tonnes. Italy demonstrated a similar
rising pattern, beginning at a little over 4 metric tonnes and levelling at nearly 8 tonnes of carbon
dioxide for each person by 2007

In contrast, Portugal in 1967 had the lowest output at just over 1 metric tonnes per individual. Over
a four decades.
Overall, the two pie charts show that smartphones and tablets are used for
the same purposes but to very different extents. 
The first pie chart shows how people spend their time on smartphones
while the second pie chart illustrates how time is spent on tablets. For both
types of device, the top use is for games, but the figures differ greatly. 57%
of the time spent on a tablet is given to playing games, while only 35% of
the time spent on a smartphone is used for this. In contrast, smartphone
users spend 29% of their time on their gadget accessing social networking
sites compared with just 15% of tablet time spent on the same activity.
The third most popular use of the tablet is for consuming entertainment,
with users spending 13% of their tablet time watching videos and listening
to music. Smartphone users, however, dedicate only 8% of their
smartphone time to such entertainment, preferring instead to spend 20% of
their time on their phone accessing utilities. These can include maps,
weather information and calculators.
There is a clear difference in the way people are using their smartphones
and tablets. In general, while tablets are being used more for gaming and
other forms of entertainment, smartphones seem to be the preferred option
for tasks as well as communication with the world around us.

Tips
1. Before writing about the detailed figures, give an overview of what
the graphs or charts represent.
2. Say precisely what the data refers to. There is a difference between,
for example, a user spending 57% of their time on games and a user
spending 57% of their tablet time on games. (You can write % or per
cent, but be consistent.)
3. You don't need to describe all the information in the diagrams. Select
the most important things.
4. Don't repeat vocabulary. Use different words and phrases with the
same or similar meanings, e.g. playing games = gaming.
5. Use similarly, in the same way or also to show similarities.
6. Use however, in contrast, but, while or instead to show differences.
To sum up, playing computer games is the most popular home activities while reading is considered
as the least favourable in the given countries
Overview, the percentage of engineering students is by far the highest while architecture students
has the lowest percentage of students
To infer the conclusion
Tables – trend, time-based variables
- The most popular, the least favourable

Objects and system

Tandem – mountain bike – racing bike – bicycle rickshaw
Chain – frame – handlebar –gear – pedals – saddle – wheels
Maps (trend, time-based variables) – trend languages
- Converted
- Replaced
- Built
- Enlarged
- Planted
- Increased
- By
Structures, shapes, connection, location and function
- Axe
- Bag
- Battery
- Bookcase
- Bunsen burner
- Food processor
- Grater

The maps show the changes that took place in the town of Bedminster between the years 1999 and
2009, it is clear that East minster became more urbanized with less open spaces over the decade.
The maps depicts how change over t
See/ witness/ experience/
Major change
Striking transformation
A significant modernization
Remarkable developments

The map depicts

Overall,

The school is in the south-east of the town A

The school is to the south-east of the town A
The school is in the south-eastern corner of the town A
There was a bank to the South of the town

Location of a building or site

There was a bank to the North of the town hall in 2000
A bank was located to the North of the town hall in 2000
A bank stood in the

Languages of changes

Industrialize
Modernize
Transform
Urbanize
Pedestrianize

The old market have been demolished

One notable development have been the demolition go the old market
One another change was the construction of a new football stadium
While the golf course was remained unchanged, more shops were added to the row of shops along
the eastern side of the High street
The farmland in the north-eastern corner was turned into a large entertainment complex with a
swimming pool, a hotel and tennis court
The café shop in the center of the beach was still in the same place, while new car park was built
next to the hotel
A large number of buildings were built
A large number of buildings mushroomed
A significant development was taken place in the village
A significant development took place in the village
To make way for
To give way to
The school in the southeaster corner of the village had been demolished to give away to a theatre
The ATM in the north-western corner of the hall have been relocated to the theatre

The map shows two possible locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garson
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cranston, Hendon, and
Garson, the out-of-town site would probably offer more advantage
The first potential location is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town
of Hinton, lying 12km to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to
accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hinton and
Garson who could travel by car. As it is also close to railway

The map depicts two proposed locations for new supermarket for the town of Garson
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cranston, Hinton, and
Garson, the out-of-town site would probably offer more advantage
The first potential location is outside the town itself, and just sited off the main road to a town, lying
12km to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of
parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both A and B town who could travel by car.
And it is also close to the railway line linking the town to C town (25km to the south-east, a
potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which is good for local residents.
Theatrically, the store could be accessed by rail and road from surrounding towns, including D, but
the centre area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.

The map depicts plans for two possible sites for a shopping mall in the city of A. it can be seen that
two sites under consideration are in the north and the south-east of the town
The first possible site, S1, is located to the north of the city centre, above the railway line, which runs
from the south-east to north-east of the town. If we built here it will next to a large housing estate,
thus providing easy access for those

The diagram depicts various stages in the production of clean energy from coal
Overall, the energy is clean because harmful products are removed and the coal is not transported
to another to produce electricity
Firstly, the process begin with conveying coal from storage to power plant, where it is burned in the
furnace to which oxygen added. From this, raw syngas and slag are produced. Raw syngas are
transported to removal equipment while harmful substances (slag) are removed.

Paraphrasing – rewriting – rephrasing – restating – rewording

The diagram illustrates the result for

It is located/ sited/ situated/ positioned

To make a space for
To make a room for
To make away for
The bus parking have been demolished to make a room for public car parking
The notable development have been the demolition of the bus stop to make a room for public car
park
Bus parking – bus stop
Demolish – demolition – reduce – construct – erect – build – open – add – expand
The striking development
Another change was the construction of new stadium
The initial impression from the chart is
Change – feature – aspect – point
The most striking – outstanding – notable features
It is clearly evident that
It should be noted that
The diagram illustrates the changes of road which are accessed to the city hospital between 2007
and 2010
To sum up, the area accessing to the hospital had been updated and expanded during a period of 3
years. A large public car park is also erected
The first impression from the chart had been the demolition of bus stop along the hospital road to
make space for a large bus station. The staff car park are also enlarged more space. The notable
development have been the addition of two roundabouts which are at the both ends of hospital
road. A large public car park in the east side of the hospital had been constructed

The diagram illustrates the changes of road which are accessed to the city hospital between 2007
and 2010
Overall, it is clear that the transport infrastructures in the area had been rennovated to provide
more convenient access to the hospital by both private and public vehicles
The road network was remained unchanged over the period in question, with two access roads to
the hospital, one built around the hospital itself (ring road), and the other located to the south
named hospital road
The first impression from the chart is that the area showed the demolition of bus stop along either
side of the hospital road to make space for a large bus station. The staff car park was also enlarged
more space. Another notable development have been the addition of two roundabouts which are at
the both ends of hospital road. A final point was the construction of public car park to the eastern
side which was adjacent to Ring road

- Change – transformation – renovation – improvement – upgrade –

- Road access – transport facilites – transport infrastructure – road network
- Between 2007 and 2010 – a period of 3 years – a 3-year period
- Both – either
- Public transport way – private vehicle – personal vehicle –
- To be remained unchanged – to be remained the same – to be remained constant
The map depicts the changes of the village of A during the period of time from 1868 to 1994

MPEMBA EFFECT
In 300 BC, the famous philosopher Aristotle wrote about a strange phenomenon that he had
observed: “Many people, when they want to cool water quickly, begin by putting it in the sun.”
Other philosophers over the ages noted the same result, but were unable to explain it.
In 1963, a young Tanzanian student named Erasto Mpemba noticed that the ice cream he was
making froze faster if the mix was placed in the freezer while warm than if it were at room
temperature. He persisted in questioning why this occurred, and eventually physicist Denis
Osborne began a serious investigation into what is now known as the Mpemba Effect. He and
Mpemba co-authored a paper in New Scientist in 1969, which produced scientific descriptions of
some of the many factors at work in freezing water.
It was initially hypothesised that the warm bowl melted itself a place in the ice on the
freezer shelf, thus embedding its base in a ‘nest’ of ice, which would accelerate freezing. The
hypothesis was tested by comparing the result when bowls of warm water were placed on ice
and on a dry wire shelf; this demonstrated that the ice nest actually had little effect. A second
suggestion was that the warmer water would be evaporating at its surface, thus reducing the
volume needing to be frozen, but this idea was also shown to be insignificant.
Thermometers placed in the water showed that the cooler water dropped to freezing temperature
well before the warmer bowlful, and yet the latter always froze solid first. Experiments at different
temperatures showed that water at 50C took longest to freeze in a conventional freezer, while
water initially at 350C was quickest. On further examination, an explanation for this paradox
began to emerge. Losing heat from the water occurs at the points where it is in touch with the
colder atmosphere of the freezer, namely the sides of the bowl and the water surface.
A warm surface will lose heat faster than a cold one because of the contrast between the
temperatures; but of course there is more heat to be lost from one bowl than the other! If the
surface can be kept at a higher temperature, the higher rate of heat loss will continue. As long as
the water remains liquid, the cooling portion on top will sink to the bottom of the bowl as the
warmer water below rises to take its place. The early freezing that may occur on the sides and
base of the container will amplify the effect.
The bowl that is more uniformly cold will have far less temperature difference so the water
flow will be minimal. Another inhibiting factor for this container is that ice will also form quite
quickly on the surface. This not only acts as insulation, but will virtually stop the helpful effects of
the water circulating inside the bowl.
Ultimately, the rate of cooling the core of this body of water becomes so slow that the other
warmer one is always fully frozen first. While there are limitations to this comparison (for
example, we would not see such a result if one quantity were at 10C and another at 990C) this
counter-intuitive result does hold true within the 5–350C range of temperatures indicated
previously.
Since this paper was published, the validity of the research findings has been questioned by a
number of reviewers. They point out that the initial experimental question was not clearly defined;
for example, the researchers needed to decide on exactly what constituted freezing the water.
They also state that the rate at which water freezes depends on a large number of variables.
Container size is one of these; for the Mpemba Effect to be noticed, the container must be large
enough to allow a free circulation of water to take place, yet small enough for the freezing areas
of the side and base to be effective at extracting heat too. Secondly, research at a University in
St Louis, Missouri, suggests that the Mpemba Effect may be affected by water purity, or by
dissolved gas in the water.
Distilled water is totally free of the particles that are common in normal drinking water or mineral
water. When suspended in water, these particles may have a small effect on the speed of
cooling, especially as ice molecules tend to expel them into the surrounding water, where they
become more concentrated. Just as salt dissolved in water will raise the boiling point and lower
the temperature at which it freezes, the researchers found that the final portion of ordinary water
needed extra cooling, below zero, before all was frozen solid.
One more factor that can distort the effect is observed if the bowls are not placed simultaneously
into the same freezer. In this case, the freezer thermostat is more likely to register the presence
of a hotter bowl than a colder one, and therefore the change in internal temperature causes a
boost of freezing power as the motor is activated.
 
The Mpemba Effect is still not fully understood, and researchers continue to delve into its
underlying physics. Physicists cannot reach consensus. Some suggest that supercooling1 is
involved; others that the molecular bonds in the water molecules affect the rate of cooling and
freezing of water. A 2013 competition to explain the phenomenon run by the Royal Society of
Chemistry attracted more than 22,000 entries, with the winning one suggesting supercooling as
an important factor so it seems the question and its underlying explanation continue to fascinate.
SPEAKING
QUESTION: DO YOU THINK SHOP HABITS ARE LIKELY TO CHANGE IN THE FUTURE?
- Opinion: as far as I concerned shopping habits will change considerably in the next few
years, particularly with online shopping and the use of smartphone to pay the items
- Reason: this is because most people prefer online shopping, so carrying paper cash is
becoming a thing of the past and digital payments are gaining in popularity now
- Example: for instance, with the development of electronic commerce, most people use the
internet browser to look for things like clothes, shoes, sport wear or electronic devices. It is
offer much cheaper and quicker delivery. There are also an advantage of payment also, it is
 usually offer many options to pay with supporting from online payment gateqays such as
Apply pay, samsung pay. Also very few people use cash now as shopping is becoming more
efficient and digital

What kind of food do you like?

I am vey keen on spicy food

The map depicts the development of the industrial zone of the Norbiton town in the future
Overview,

Dear Sir/ madam

I am writing to…
One poine…
Close

No Name – failthfully
Named --- sincercely
Friend- all the best/ see you soon
Acceptance letter
Purpose
Report

I am writing to let you you don’t specific word

Report withour something
There are the way expres as well
Describe item
What action you would like company to take
One paraghraph to this pont
Going to 3 points
Way organize to
As best as you can
Think about what you cant write
And then put in the same paragrpah
Spara

Alinformation something
Decide
Develop
Couple of point
Task reponse
Small brown leather wallet
Is the center is global debate
People claim that … bring many advantages
Some people claim that internet development may bring many benefits/ advantages.
The genetic engineering of food product
This essay deals with arguments for and against this controversial issue
Those people who are in favour of …..argue that ….
However, people who oppose
Those people are in favour of this method of production argue that food production may massively
inscreased by making crops more resistant to pests
Secondly, they believe that healthy food may improve
This means that

Those people who are in favour of …. Argue that

Some people believe that
For example
This means that
However, people who oppose
This issue is not only …. But also
For instance, there are some evidence to suggest that …

1. Ambition is a negative attribute of personal’s character. Do you agree or disagree with this
statement?
2. Emails are the most valuable tools for communcation in the twenty-first century. To what
extend do you agree or disagree?
3. it is important for people to take risks, both in their personal and professional life. Do you
think the advantage of taking risks outweigh disadvantage?
4. Advertising is one of the most unpleasant features of modern life. Argue for and agaisnt this
statement
5. The amount of sport shown on TV every week has increased significantly and this is having an
impact on live sports event. Do you think the benefits of more televised sport greater than
disadvantage?
6. More and more city workers are deciding to live in the country and travel into work everyday.
The result is inscreased traffice congestion and damage to environment. What measures do
you think could be taken to encourage people not travel such long distance into work?
7. Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distance but they also cause problems.
What are the problems of motorways and what solutions are there?
8. In today’s competitive world, many families find it necessary for both parent to go out to
work. While some say the children in these families benefit from the additional income, others
lack support because of their parent’s absence. Discuss both these view and give your own
opinion
9. In some countries, more and more people are becoming interested in finding out about the
history of the house or building they live in. What is the reason for this? How can people
research this? Cam 16
10. Many manufactured food and drink products contain high level of sugar which cause many
health problems. Sugary product should be made more expensive to encourage people to
consume less sugar. Do you agree or disagree? Cam 16
11. In their advertising, business nowadays usually emphasis that their products are new in some
way. Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development? Cam 16
12. In the future all cars, buses and trucks will be driverless. The only people travelling inside
these vehicles will be passengers. Do you think the advantage of driverless vehicles outweigh
the disadvantage? Cam 16
13.

It is widely accepted that vehicles without driving are significantly inscreased recently. The
development of these types of transportations may bring more benefits than drawbacks. This essay
deals with argument for and against this controversial problems

Perhaps the majority of people would agree that electrical vehicles (EV) are rapidly inscreased over
the past several years. this types of transportation may bring more benefits than drawbacks to our
daily life.

In many societies these days, many people concerned about the development of self-driving cars,
with many big technology companies getting behind this concept.
The hype around driverless cars has grown rapidly over the past several years, with many big
technology companies getting behind this concept

Stating background information and present condition of the topic

Blueprint – essay map – narrowing the topic to the specific idea of the thesis statement
Scope ( range) – indicating the focus point, focus on some aspects

It is reasonable to assume that

It is frequently asserted that
In many societies these days, people are concerned about
Among the revolutionary changes will be safer road, fewer fossil fuels and lower transprtation costs
Changing oil demand
Infrastructure transformation
A manufacturing revolution
There is growing concern about advertsing shown on the television over the past severla years.

There are growing concerns about processed food containing added sugar in the recent years, it
makes up a large proportion of daily calorie intake. Perhapes, the majority of people would agree
that these sugary product may bring more harmful than beneficial for people’s health. Therefore,
this essay deals with argument for controversial issues

1. sugar consumtion gain obesity and many chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes
Cause weight gain – sugar sweetened drinks
Sugary beverage

Expert believe that sugar consumption is a major cause of obeisity and many chronic diseases, such
as type 2 diabetes
Research has consistently shown that people who drink sugary beverages , such as soda and juice,
weigh more than people don’t drink

2. risk of Heart diseases – high-sugar diets have been associated with an inscreased rosk of many
diseases, including heart disease, the number one cause of dealth worlwide.
Consuming too much added sugar increases heart disease risk factors such as obesity, high blood
pressure and inflammation. High-sugar diets have been linked to an increased risk of dying from
heart disease.

Increase Your Risk of Cancer irst, a diet rich in sugary foods and beverages can lead to obesity, which
significantly raises your risk of cancer (21Trusted Source).

Furthermore, diets high in sugar increase inflammation in your body and may cause insulin
resistance, both of which increase cancer risk
May Increase Your Risk of Depression Consuming a lot of processed foods, including high-sugar
products such as cakes and sugary drinks, has been associated with a higher risk of depression

Accelerate the Skin Aging Process poor food choices can worsen wrinkles and speed the skin aging
process . Consuming a diet high in refined carbs and sugar leads to the production of AGEs, which
may cause your skin to age prematurely

… one of the most serious challenges facing the world today

The most pressing problem… con

An issue to be evalused is whether the benefits of advertising are worth the costs