UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (HONS) MECHANICAL

MEC523 – APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND MICROPROCESSOR

PROJECT: SMART STREET LIGHT

PREPARED BY:
NO NAME STUDENT’S ID
1. MUHAMMAD HAZWAN BIN ZULKIFLI 2018410482
2. EVA GLENN ROBERT 2019602098
3. FAZLAILI BINTI NUZOL AZAM 2019814252
4. NURIN YASMIN BINTI ZULKAIRI 2019814666
5. NURUL AQILAH BINTI ABDUL GHANI 2019451992
6. NURINA ALYA BINTI ZULKIFLI 2019467886

CLASS: EMD6M11B

PREPARED FOR:
LECTURER MUHAMAD FAUZI BIN OTHMAN (Ts)

SUBMISSION DATE:
14TH OF JULY 2021
 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA MEC523 - APPLIED ELECTRONICS AND
40450 Shah Alam
Selangor Darul Ehsan MICROPROCESSOR
MINI PROJECT ASSESSMENT FORM

Semester : March 2021 – August 2021

Group : EMD6M11B
Mini Project Title : Smart Street Light
Group Members 1. Muhammad Hazwan bin Zulkifli 4. Nurin Yasmin binti Zulkairi
2. Eva Glenn Robert 5. Nurul Aqilah binti Abdul Ghani
3. Fazlaili binti Nuzol Azam 6. Nurina Alya binti Zulkifli

General Guidelines
Scale 1 2 3 4 5
Level Weak Poor Average Good Excellent

Item Performance Factor Marks

Problem Statement and Objective 0.1
Product Description and Details 0.1
Programming Flowchart 0.1
REPORT Circuit Diagram 0.2
Coding 0.2
Result and Discussion 0.2
Conclusion 0.1
Total

Item Performance Factor Marks

Functionality 0.8
Complexity 0.4
PRODUCT
Appearance 0.4
Creativity 0.4
Total

Item Performance Factor Marks

Content 0.3
Supporting items - video 0.3
PRESENTATION
Organization and presentation skill 0.3
Discipline and teamwork 0.1
Total

Total Marks:
Total Marks
Report
Product
Presentation
Total Marks ( /20)

Prepared by:
Signature:
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3

2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT .................................................................................................. 4

3.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 4

4.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND DETAILS..................................................................... 5

5.0 THE PROGRAMMING FLOWCHART ............................................................................ 6

6.0 THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ................................................................................................. 8

7.0 CODING OF ARDUINO .................................................................................................. 10

8.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION .......................................................................................... 13

9.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 16

10.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 17

11.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................. 18

1
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The application of the Smart Street Light System..................................................... 3
Figure 2: The circuit diagram of Smart Street Light ................................................................. 8
Figure 3: Prototype of the Smart Street Light ......................................................................... 13
Figure 4: The condition of the Smart Street Light during at night ......................................... 14
Figure 5: Illustration on how IR Sensor works ....................................................................... 14
Figure 6: The condition of the Smart Street Light during the day .......................................... 15

LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: The list of the components used for the project .......................................................... 8

2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Smart Street Light has indirectly benefited the world and public. The street lights
will turn ON and turn OFF automatically in this system. By applying this system, the manual
works can be eliminate. With the use of advanced and powerful system, automation intends
to minimize the manpower. At the same time, can reduce the usage of electricity and
conserve the energy. The street lights account for a significant portion of a city’s energy
costs. The Smart Street Light system can help municipalities save money on street lighting.

The energy conservation can preserve the resources such as coal and natural gas. Coal
and natural gas are non-renewable resources. The humans could not able to recreate non-
renewable resources. The Smart Street light capable to give the contribution on energy
conservation because the street lights do not operate 24 hours. It can lowered the energy cost
and reduce the use of non-renewable resources. The street lights work when the sun passes
below the viewable region of human eyes, it automatically turns ON the street lights. When
sunlight illuminates the view, it automatically turns OFF the street lights. This is
accomplished through a sensor known as a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), which detects
light in the same way that human’s eyes can do.

The top cause of car accidents is driving at night. Regarding to the case, there must
have a system which contribute to the most important safety criteria in today’s world. At
night, one’s capability to see and estimate the distance is significantly hampered. In fact, the
driver has very poor visibility since there are no street lights. The eye requires light to see.
The Smart Street Light System is one of the solution in order to reduce the rate of car
accidents during night. Besides, can decrease the crime rate, for example robbery and rate.
Figure 1 below shows the example application of the system on highway.

Figure 1: The application of the Smart Street Light System

3
2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Lighting is currently being one of the largest sectors worldwide. Lighting accounts to
be about 20% to 30% of the used of energy. Street light shows to be used much of electric
energy where it is automatically turns on and off according to the darkness and brightness of
it surrounding. Most street light use compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), sodium vapor lamp and
incandescent light bulb which all these lamp will lead to the electricity waste. Therefore, this
this waste should be encounter.

Thus, the purpose on this task is to design a device that can conserve the energy,
reduce the manpower, lesser the energy cost, minimize the incident rates at night and increase
the safety for street user. The idea of the Smart Street Light is to build a street light that can
automatically detect the movement from vehicles so that the light would only turn on during
the presence of vehicles on the street. To make this project success, the installation of motion
sensor which can sense the moving vehicles on the street can easily be regulated. In addition
the idea on using (LED) could also help in achieving maximum efficiency of street light.

3.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Every project comes with their own objectives. The objectives are really important to ensure
the project in track. Below are the objectives and purposes of the Smart Street Light project:

1. To design a minimum use of amount of electricity for street light.

2. To build maximum efficiency of street light.
3. To minimize the cost of overall energy expenditure.
4. To increase the safety for street’s user.
5. To reduce the use of manpower

4
4.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND DETAILS
For this project, firstly we need to produce the simulation circuit by using Fritzing
software. Then, we need to establish and generate the coding according to the product’s
function. And lastly, we need to produce a prototype and must make sure the prototype is
properly functioned.

Our group had decided to produce a Smart Street Light for our project. We can reduce
the usage of the electricity when using this type of street light because it can detect the
movement from the vehicle nearby at night. The light will automatically turn on brightly
when there is vehicle on a certain distance and the light become dim when there is no vehicle
passing by the road.

There a few components that we used in the circuit part in order to make the system
runs smoothly. We used one Arduino UNO board, three Light Emitting Diodes (LED), three
Infrared (IR) sensors, one LCD with 12C module, one Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
sensor, one breadboard, five 220Ω resistors and jumper wires.

For the working principle of this system, there are two situations that we have to
observe which is on day time and at night. On day time, all LEDs and IR sensors will be turn
off even though there are vehicles passing by the road. This is because during day time,
people can see clearly when driving their vehicles so the light should be turn off to reduce the
electricity usage. While the lights are turn off, the display from the LCD that shows “Stay
Safe” will always be turn on either day or night along the street.

At night, the light will only be turn on brightly when there are vehicles passing by.
The IR sensor will detect the presence of the vehicles nearby and send the signal to turn on
the LED. The LED will turn from dim into bright light if there is vehicle on the road. People
can see clearly when driving with the help of the street light. The LCD display also will be
turn on during night time in order to remind the users to drive safely and avoid any incident
from happen.

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5.0 THE PROGRAMMING FLOWCHART

START

LDR sensor No
reading < 100?

Yes
Turn ON street light
LED brightness = 8
IR sensor <=
No
300?

Yes

Turn ON the street light LCD display

LED brightness = 255 “STAY SAFE”

Display
Street light
remain the
remain ON
same
IR sensor IR sensor
still detect still detect
Yes Yes
movement? movement?

No No

Turn ON street light

Stop display
LED brightness = 8

END

6
For the programming flowchart, once it start, the LDR sensor reading must below than 100
and the IR sensor reading must equal or below than 300 in order to turn on the LED with the
brightness of 255. The there is no vehicle nearby, the LED will turns dim with the value of 8.
For the LCD display, it will turn on the display “Stay Safe” if there is vehicle nearby during
day and night. The LCD will stop the display if there is no vehicle.

7
6.0 THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
The Smart Street Light is designed, construct and maintained using circuit diagram. Figure 2
shows the circuit diagram of the project and Table 1 states the components used with their
function.

Figure 2: The circuit diagram of Smart Street Light

Table 1: The list of the components used for the project

No Component Function Quantity
1 Arduino UNO A microcontroller board based on the 1 unit
ATmega328

2. Light-emitting diode (LED) A semiconductor device that emits light 3 units

when an electric current is passed
through it

8
3. Infrared (IR) Sensor An electronic device that emits in order 3 units
to sense some aspects of the
surroundings.

4. LCD with I2C module Display 16 x 2 characters on 2 lines, 1 unit

white characters on the blue background.

5. Light dependent resistor (LDR) A device used to indicate the present and 1 unit
Sensor absence of light or to measure the light
intensity.

6. Breadboard A platform used to build electric circuit 1 unit

without soldering.

7. 220Ω Resistor A device used to limit the current flow. 6 units

8. Jumper wire Simply wires used to connect two pins -

each other without soldering.

9
7.0 CODING OF ARDUINO
The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware programming
language called processing, which is similar to the C language. After the coding written in the
Arduino IDE, it can be uploaded on the Arduino board for execution The Smart Street Light
relies on code in order to operate. Below shows the code to run the system with comment for
each code.

#include <Wire.h> //Wire Library

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> //Library for LCD
int led1 = 3;
int led2 = 5;
int led3 = 6; //Set LED to PWM pin (3,5,6)
int ldr = A0; //Set A0(Analog Input) for LDR
int ir1 = A1;
int ir2 = A2;
int ir3 = A3; //Set A1 to A3(Analog Input) for IR sensor
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,20,4); //Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and
2 line display
void setup()
{
Serial.begin (9600);

pinMode (led1,OUTPUT);
pinMode (led2,OUTPUT);
pinMode (led3,OUTPUT); //Set all LED as Output

pinMode (ldr,INPUT); //Set LDR as Input

pinMode (ir1,INPUT);
pinMode (ir2,INPUT);
pinMode (ir3,INPUT); //Set all IR sensor as Input

lcd.init(); //Initialize the LCD

lcd.init();

10
 lcd.backlight(); //Open the backlight
}
void loop()
{
int ldrStatus = analogRead(ldr); //Read the value of LDR(light)
Serial.println(analogRead(ldr)); //Print the value of LDR to Serial Monitor

if (ldrStatus <= 100)

{
digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
analogWrite(led1,8); //Turn on led1 at low brightness

digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);
analogWrite(led2,8); //Turn on led2 at low brightness

digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
analogWrite(led3,8); //Turn on led3 at low brightness

if (analogRead(A1)<300) // IR1 CODE

{
digitalWrite(led1,HIGH);
analogWrite(led1,255); //Turn on led1 at full brightness
delay(1000); //1000 microsecond delay
}
else
{
analogWrite(led1,8); //Turn on led1 at low brightness
}
if (analogRead(A2)<300) // IR2 CODE
{
digitalWrite(led2,HIGH);
analogWrite(led2,255); //Turn on led2 at full brightness
delay(1000); //1000 microsecond delay
}

11
 else
{
analogWrite(led2,8); //Turn on led2 at low brightness
}
if (analogRead(A3)<300) // IR3 CODE
{
digitalWrite(led3,HIGH);
analogWrite(led3,255); //Turn on led2 at full brightness
delay(1000); //1000 microsecond delay
}
else
{
analogWrite(led3,8); //Turn on led2 at low brightness
}
}
else
{
digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
digitalWrite(led3, LOW); //Turn OFF all LED
}
if ((analogRead(A1) < 300 || analogRead(A2) < 300) || analogRead(A3) < 300) //LCD
CODE
{
lcd.clear(); //Clear LCD
lcd.setCursor (0,0); //Move cursor to (0,0)
lcd.print("STAY SAFE"); //Print message at (0,0)
}
else
{
lcd.clear(); //Clear LCD
}
}

12
8.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The project aims to design the Smart Street Light that can minimize the cost of energy
expenditure, increase the safety of street’s user and reduce the manpower. The Smart Street
Light prototype shown in Figure 3 below has been implemented and operates as predicted. If
implemented on a wide scale, it will prove to be very beneficial and will meet all of the
current requirements.

Figure 3: Prototype of the Smart Street Light

From Figure 4, it can be seen that during at night, the Light-emitting diode (LEDs)
turned ON with dim lights. The dim lights can give benefit to pedestrian especially can
reduce pedestrian crashes. Other than that, the pedestrian will feel safe indirectly help
minimize the crime. If there is any vehicle pass through the street, the LED turned ON bright.
Every LEDs have their own Infrared (IR) Sensor. Once the IR Sensor detect the vehicle on
the street, the LED automatically turned ON if not, the LED remains dim. Only those LEDs
that detect the presence of vehicle or any large object will light up brighter, while the rest
LEDs will remain in their dim condition.

The illustration on how IR Sensor works is shown in Figure 5. To emit the required
wavelength of light, the IR transmitter is employed. When this radiation reaches the vehicle,
it is reflected back to the source. The IR receiver detects the reflected radiation. The detected
radiation by the IR receiver is then further analysed based on its intensity. As a precaution to
the driver, there will be a display from LCD which stated “Stay Safe” to ensure the driver
alert to the surrounding and can avoid any danger occur. The display “Stay Safe” can be seen
along the street. As result, the street light turned ON during at night.

13
 Figure 6 shows, during the day, the Light-emitting diode (LEDs) turned OFF even
though there is a vehicle pass through the street. All the LEDs turned OFF because there is no
demand of the street light during daytime. The Light dependent resistor (LDR) Sensor keeps
the street light off until the sunlight level is low. There is one similarity between the street
light during at night and during the day which is, the display from LCD which stated “Drive
Safe” can be seen along the street too. As result, the street light turned OFF during the day

Figure 4: The condition of the Smart Street Light during at night

Figure 5: Illustration on how IR Sensor works

14
Figure 6: The condition of the Smart Street Light during the day

15
9.0 CONCLUSION
For the conclusion, this project had been done successfully because we had achieved
all the objectives that had been stated before. Firstly, we had designed a minimum use of
amount of electricity for the streetlight. Then, we also had built a street light system with the
maximum efficiency. Next, we had minimized the overall cost of the energy expenditure
when using the street light.

In our opinion, the street light system must be designed properly because there are
thousands number of street lights on the streets in Malaysia. This situation can lead to very
large amount of energy expenditure use if the system is been made without any further
research. So, we must design a street light system that use minimum amount of electricity to
avoid this problem thus can save a lot of money for the maintenance of the street light soon.
Our Smart Street Light System have been made by following the users demand for light from
the street light available when driving their vehicle at night.

In order to minimize the amount of vehicle accident that happens nowadays, we also
provide “Stay Safe” LCD display along the street to remind the users to drive their car slowly
and follow all the road laws to avoid any incident from happen. We are very sure that all the
users will feel scared to drive recklessly after reading that LCD display. We must make sure
that this system is done properly so that we can avoid a lot of problems related to the street
light happen after this. The respective organization must give a consideration about this
Smart Street Light System that can give a lot of benefits to a lot of peoples out there.

16
10.0 REFERENCES
P. K. Soori and M. Vishwas, “Lighting control strategy for energy efficient office lighting
system design,” Energy Build., 2013.

S. Uddin, H. Shareef, and A. Mohamed, “Power quality performance of energy-efficient low-

wattage LED lamps,” Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., 2013.

Y. Fujii, N. Yoshiura, A. Takita, and N. Ohta, “Smart street light system with energy saving
function basedon the sensor network,” in e-Energy 2013 - Proceedings of the 4th
ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, 2013.

K. A. Bajaj and T. S. Mote, “Review on Intelligent Street Lightening System,” 2013.

H. A and M. S, “High Efficiency Hybrid Intelligent Street Lighting Using A Zigbee Network
And Sensors,” i-manager’s J. Embed. Syst., 2013.

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11.0 APPENDICES

18
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