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    The Structure and Function of The Respiratory System

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    Vykin Ong
    This document outlines the structure and function of the respiratory system. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which include understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system, explaining the pathway of air through the lungs, and describing the effects of exercise. It then provides information on the external and internal respiratory systems and labels a diagram of the major parts. It describes the pathway of air through the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It also explains gaseous exchange that occurs in the alveoli and lungs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Structure and Function of The Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Vykin Ong
    91 views18 pages
    This document outlines the structure and function of the respiratory system. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which include understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system, explaining the pathway of air through the lungs, and describing the effects of exercise. It then provides information on the external and internal respiratory systems and labels a diagram of the major parts. It describes the pathway of air through the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It also explains gaseous exchange that occurs in the alveoli and lungs.

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    respiration

    Original Title

    The Structure and Function of the Respiratory System

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    This document outlines the structure and function of the respiratory system. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which include understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system, explaining the pathway of air through the lungs, and describing the effects of exercise. It then provides information on the external and internal respiratory systems and labels a diagram of the major parts. It describes the pathway of air through the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It also explains gaseous exchange that occurs in the alveoli and lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    91 views18 pages

    The Structure and Function of The Respiratory System

    Uploaded by

    Vykin Ong
    This document outlines the structure and function of the respiratory system. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which include understanding the structure and function of the respiratory system, explaining the pathway of air through the lungs, and describing the effects of exercise. It then provides information on the external and internal respiratory systems and labels a diagram of the major parts. It describes the pathway of air through the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. It also explains gaseous exchange that occurs in the alveoli and lungs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    The Structure and

    Function of the
    Respiratory System
    Learning objectives and
    outcomes
     To develop our understanding of the structure and
    function of the respiratory system through
    concentration
     5: I know what the function of the respiration system is
    and some of the parts of its structure.
     6-7: All the above and can explain the pathway of air
    through the respiratory system. I can also describe what
    happens during respiration.
     8-9: all the above, and I can explain what the effect of
    exercise is on the respiratory system. I can also define
    all key terms.
    The structure of the respiration system

     The respiratory and cardiovascular system work


    closely together to maintain a supply of oxygen
    to the working muscles
     External Respiratory System=Exchange of
    gases between lungs and the blood
     Internal Respiratory System=Exchange of gases
    between the blood and the cells
    Task One:

    Label your diagram using the following labels.


    Alveoli, Lung, Bronchus, Bronchiole, Trachea, Ribs,
    Diaphragm, Nasal Cavity and Intercostal Muscles
    Green Pens Out-Check your
    diagram labels match the image
    below…

    Extension Task: Using the diagram labelled, attempt to describe the pathway
    of air through the respiratory system
    The pathway of air through the respiratory
    system
    1) Air enters the body through the nose and mouth and is warmed by the
    mucus membranes or damp walls.
    2) The air then enters the trachea/windpipe
    3) The trachea divides into two bronchi. The right bronchus goes into the right
    lung, the left bronchus goes into the left lung.
    4) Each bronchus branches out into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Air
    travels through these bronchioles.
    5) At the end of the bronchioles, the air enters one of the many millions of
    alveoli where gascious exchange takes place

    Extension Question:
    1) Describe the characteristics of the alveoli
    2)What is the function of the pharynx?
    1)Tiny air filled sacs, Millions in the lungs, Enormous surface area (Estimated
    size of tennis court), Extremely thin walls and are lined by a thin film of water
    allowing oxygen to dissolve
    2)The function of the pharynx is that it is the passage to the digestive system
    and to the larynx
    Simplified Pathway of Air
    Through the Respiratory System

    Mouth/ Bronchioles Alveoli Red Blood


    Trachea Bronchi
    Nose Cells
    Looking at the image below
    identify and describe what it is
    showing:
    Extension Task: 1) In what vessel
    does deoxygenated blood travel in?
    2)Why is diffusion possible in the
    lungs?
    1)The capillaries
    2) Because both the capillaries and
    alveoli walls are very thin-just one
    cell thick
    Gaseous Exchange
     Within the alveoli an exchange of gases takes place between the gases inside
    the alveoli and the blood.
     Blood arriving in the alveoli:
    Higher carbon dioxide concentration produced by the body's cells
    Lower oxygen concentration
     Air in the alveoli:
    Lower concentration of carbon dioxide
    Higher oxygen concentration
     Diffusion:
    Oxygen moves into the blood by diffusion as this is the movement of gas from an
    area of high concentration to an area of low concentration(combines with
    haemoglobin in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin).

    Extension Question:
    1) Why is the bodys oxygen concentration lower when blood arrives in the
    alveoli?
    2)What is the role of haemoglobin?
    1)Because it has been used for respiration by the body's cells
    2)Haemoglobin carries oxygen to be exchanged at the working muscle and
    carbon dioxide to be exchanged at the lung
    Learning objectives and
    outcomes
     To develop our understanding of the structure and
    function of the respiratory system through
    concentration
     5: I know what the function of the respiration system is
    and some of the parts of its structure.
     6-7: All the above and can explain the pathway of air
    through the respiratory system. I can also describe what
    happens during respiration.
     8-9: all the above, and I can explain what the effect of
    exercise is on the respiratory system. I can also define
    all key terms.
    The Structure and
    Function of the
    Respiratory System
    Can you identify what the
    images are of below:

    Diaphragm Intercostal Muscles


    (Attached to the ribs)
    The Role of Respiratory Muscles:
     Two important structures for breathing:
     Diaphragm
     Intercostal muscles

     Diaphragm-Sheet of muscle that


    separates the chest cavity from the rest
    of the body
     Intercostal muscles-Found between the
    ribs and they control rib movement
    During Inspiration
    (Breathing In):
    Looking at the image below-can you describe what happens to
    the diaphragm, chest, ribs, intercostal muscles and lungs during this phase:

    • Diaphragm contracts and moves down


    • Intercostal muscles contract=Moves the
    ribs upwards and outwards
    Intercostal • Size of the chest increases
    Ribs
    Muscles • Space in the lungs increases
    • Pressure in the lungs decreases and
    becomes less than the pressure outside
    the body
    • Gases move from areas of high pressure
    to areas of low pressure=Air inspired
    into the lungs

    Diaphragm
    During Expiration
    (Breathing Out):
    Looking at the image below-can you describe what happens to
    the diaphragm, chest, ribs, intercostal muscles and lungs during this phase
    (HINT-LOOK AT THE DESCRIPTION OF BREATHING IN FOR HELP):

    • Diaphragm relaxes
    Intercostal • Intercostal muscles relax=Ribs are
    Ribs
    Muscles lowered
    • Size of chest decreases
    • Space in the lungs decreases
    • Pressure in lungs increases and becomes
    greater than the pressure outside the
    body
    • Air is forced out to equalise this
    pressure=Expiration occurs
    Diaphragm
    Simplified…
    Identify what the following
    key terms mean:
     Tidal Volume:
    The v_ lu_e of a_r that is i_spi_ed or e_pi_ed per br_at_.
    The volume of air that is inspired or expired per breath.
     Minute Ventilation:
    The volume of air that is inspired or expired in o_e m_n_te
    The volume of air that is inspired or expired in one minute
    Calculation:
    Minute ventilation (VE)= Tidal Volume (TV) X Number of breaths per
    minute (F)
     Breathing Rate:
    The fr_qu_ _cy of br_ _th_n_ measured in br_a_ _s per mi_u_ _
    The frequency of breathing measured in breaths per minute.
    Learning objectives and
    outcomes
     To develop our understanding of the structure and
    function of the respiratory system through
    concentration
     5: I know what the function of the respiration system is
    and some of the parts of its structure.
     6-7: All the above and can explain the pathway of air
    through the respiratory system. I can also describe what
    happens during respiration.
     8-9: all the above, and I can explain what the effect of
    exercise is on the respiratory system. I can also define
    all key terms.

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