Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering: "Smart Green House System"
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering: "Smart Green House System"
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering: "Smart Green House System"
Project Associates
Miss. GIRIJA YARAGUNTI (2VD19EE005)
Miss. POOJA KERWADKAR (2VD19EE019)
Miss. S SWATI (2VD19EE014)
Title Page no
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
3.1.1: Programming 5
3.1.2 : Warnings 6
3.1.3 : Power 7
3.1.4 : Memory
8
3.1.5 : Input and Output
3.1.6 : Communication 9
3.1.9 : Revisions
3.2: LCD 11
3.2.2 working
13
3.3 Termistor 14
3.3.1 working
3.3.2 how does termistor read temperature
15
3.3.4 advantages 16
3.3.5 Disadvantages
3.4.2 working 19
5.2: Disadvantages
5.3:Furture scope 23
CONCLUSION 24
REFERENCES 25
Smart green house system
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture plays a prominent role in supplying the food for overgrowing
population. Latest technology and innovations are replacing the traditional
methods in other fields, yet agriculture is stuck with traditional methods,
especially in India and other under developed countries. Traditional methods in
agriculture are more efficient only in ideal weather conditions but now, it is
unreliable weather due to global warming. Along with climate changes farmers
are also facing the problems. Eventually the number of farmers will decrease
and so does the productivity. These factors can be eliminated with help of the
greenhouse. In greenhouse, it is possible to create an artificial environment
irrespective of climatic conditions. A miniature greenhouse having dimensions
1.5m×1m×1m is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent
material in which plants requiring regulated climatic conditions are grown. A
more scientific definition is “a covered structure that protects the plants from
extensive external climate conditions and diseases, creates optimal growth
microenvironment, and offers a flexible solution for sustainable and efficient
yearround cultivation.” This greenhouse operates as a system and is also
referred as controlled environment plant production system (CEPPS). The
greenhouse is filled with equipments including heating, cooling, lighting,
humidity and weather regulating devices controlled by an Arduino
microcontroller to optimize conditions for plant growth. These are used to
evaluate optimality degrees and comfort ratio of greenhouse micro-climate
(i.e., air temperature, relative humidity and weather conditions) in order to
reduce production risk prior to cultivation of a specific crop [1]. Every person
doesn’t have exact knowledge of quantity and time to apply to crop. The
designed system presently developed can precisely monitor the
humidity,temperature and watering facility for crops using Arduino
microcontroller. The objective of the project is to design an automated
greenhouse monitoring and controlling system which is purely sensor based
and can manage everything with minimum labour and cost. By using output
signals given by different sensors Arduino microcontroller will maintain pre-
defined conditions for proper growth of plants in green house. The purpose of
project is to grow a crop in any climatic conditions at any time. This is the
future of small, medium and large agriculture setor
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Greenhouses
A greenhouse is a structure covering ground frequently
used for growth and development of plants that will return the owner’s risk
time and capital [5]. The main purposes of the usage of greenhouses are to
protect crops from extreme conditions and provide them better environment for
efficient production. Unlike the conventional agriculture, where the conditions
of the crops depends on the environment in the surrounding, greenhouse
control the environments parameters such as temperature, humidity, water and
light intensity to give the crops perfect conditions to grow. With better
environment, the quality of the crops will be much better and will increase the
profit for the seller. However, to achieve the purposes stated and to have a
better control in horticulture development, a control system with monitoring
features is being applied. Normally the temperature maintained on daytime is
different compared to temperature falls at night. Besides, it varies with the
condition of the weather itself either it is cloudy or sunny day. This assumes
that the temperature at which the plants grown can actually be controlled [6].
Even though the implementations of greenhouse protect the crops from
unwanted elements, it still can cause several other problems such as fungus and
excessive humidity. This is due to the structure of the greenhouse itself.
Therefore, the application of control system with constant monitoring is very
crucial to the greenhouse to achieve the best productivity and quality. With
better control, the cost of operations can be reduced with minimal workers
needed and controlled usage of raw materials such as water, soil and fertilizer.
The main elements involved a greenhouse control system are temperature,
humidity, CO2, concentration, radiation, water and nutrients [5]. 7 While these
elements feature separately in the environment, they are related and influence
each other. The heating requirements of a greenhouse rely on the desired
temperature for the plants grown, the location and construction of the
greenhouse, and the total outside exposed area of the structure. As much as
25% of the daily heat requirement may come from the sun, but a lightly
insulated greenhouse structure will need a great deal of heat on a cold winter
night. The heating system must be sufficient to maintain the desired day or
night temperature. Regularly the home heating system is not ample to heat a
neighboring greenhouse. Small gas or oil heaters designed to be installed
through a masonary wall may work well [7]. Installing circulation fans in the
greenhouse is a good venture. During the winter when the greenhouse is
heated, the air circulation needs to be sustained so that the temperature remains
uniform throughout the greenhouse.
Without air-mixing fans, the warm air rises to the top and cool air settles
around the plant on the floor.
Ventilation is the interchange of inside air for outside air to control
temperature, remove moisture, or replenish carbon dioxide. Regular ventilation
uses roof vents on the ridge line with side inlet vents. Warm air rises on the
convective streams to outflow through the top, drawing cool air in through the
sides. Mechanical ventilation uses an exhaust fan to move air out one end
while outside air enters the other end [7]. Water supply into the greenhouse is
one of the important aspects of the system. In the conventional system, hand
watering is the only possible way to keep the plants receive sufficient amount
of water at times. This uses lot of manpower, and time. If the greenhouse have
a variety plants in it, each plant may need different amount of water, and soil
mixes and else. Currently, there are several methods of semi-automatic system
available to conduct the task in a set time. Sprinkler is a popular method, with
the covering area is big enough but with no automatic system for different
plants. Time clocks and moisture evaporation can be used to stop the sprinkler
and create an automatic system
Chapter 3
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1 ARDUINO
3.1.1 Programming
The Mega 2560 board can be programmed with the Arduino Software
(IDE). For details, see the reference and tutorials. The ATmega2560 on the
Mega 2560 comes preprogrammed with a boot loader that allows you to
upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.
It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header
files). You can also bypass the boot loader and program the microcontroller
through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or
similar; see these instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the
rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source code is available in the Arduino
repository. The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU boot loader, which
can be activated by:
On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board
(near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2.
On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2
HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. You can then use
Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and
Linux) to load a new firm ware. Or you can use the ISP header with an
external programmer (overwriting the DFU boot loader). See this
usercontributed tutorial for more information.
3.1.2 Warnings
The Mega 2560 has a resettable polyfuse that protects your computer's
USB ports from shorts and over current. Although most computers provide
their own internal protection, the fuse provides an extra layer of protection. If
more than 500 mA is applied to the USB port, the fuse will automatically
break the connection until the short or overload is removed.
Dept EEE KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page7
3.1.3 Power
The Mega 2560 can be powered via the USB connection or with an
external power supply. The power source is selected automatically. External
(non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or
battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive
plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the
GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on
an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may become unstable. If
using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the
board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as
follows:
Vin: The input voltage to the board when it's using an external power source
(as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power
source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via
the power jack, access it through this pin.
5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The
board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V),
the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage
via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board.
We don't advise it.
3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA. GND: Ground pins
IOREF: This pin on the board provides the voltage reference with which the
microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin
voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators
on the outputs for working with the 5V
3.1.4 Memory
The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code (of
which 8 KB is used for the boot loader), 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM
(which can be read and written with the EEPROM library).
3.1.6 Communication
The Mega 2560 board has a number of facilities for
communicating with a computer, another board, or other microcontrollers.
The ATmega2560 provides four hardware UARTs for TTL (5V) serial
communication. An ATmega16U2 (AT mega 8U2 on the revision 1 and revision
2 boards) on the board channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual
com port to software on the computer (Windows machines will need a .in file,
but OSX and Linux machines will recognize the board as a COM port
automatically. The Arduino Software (IDE) includes a serial monitor which
allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board. The RX and TX
LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the
ATmega8U2/ATmega16U2 chip and USB connection to the computer (but not
for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library allows for
serial communication on any of the Mega 2560's digital pins. The Mega 2560
also supports TWI and SPI communication. The Arduino Software (IDE)
includes a Wire library to simplify use of the TWI bus; see the documentation
for details. For SPI communication, use the SPI library.
The maximum length and width of the Mega 2560 PCB are 4
and 2.1 inches respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending
beyond the former dimension. Three screw holes allow the board to be
attached to a surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7
and 8 is 160 mil (0.16"), not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the
other pins. The Mega 2560 is designed to be compatible with most shields
designed for the Uno and the older Diecimila or Duemilanove Arduino boards.
Digital pins 0 to 13 (and the adjacent AREF and GND pins), analog inputs 0 to
5, the power header, and ICSP header are all in equivalent locations.
Furthermore, the main UART (serial port) is located on the same pins (0 and
1), as are external interrupts 0 and 1 (pins 2 and 3 respectively). SPI is
available through the ICSP header on both the Mega 2560 and Duemilanove /
Diecimila boards. Please note that I2C is not located on the same pins on the
Mega 2560 board (20 and 21) as the Duemilanove / Diecimila boards (analog
inputs 4 and 5).
3.1.9 Revisions
The Mega 2560 does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip used in past
designs. Instead, it features the ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 in the revision 1
and revision 2 Arduino boards) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
Revision 2 of the Mega 2560 board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to
ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode. Revision 3 of the Arduino
board and the current Genuino Mega 2560 has the following improved
features:
.pinout:SDA and SCL pins –near to the AREF pin –and two other
new pins placed near to the RESET pin,the IOREF that allow the
shields to adapt to the voltage provided from the board .In
future,shields will be compatible both with the board that use the
AVR,which operate with 5V and with the board that uses
ATSAM3X8E,that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a not
connected pin that is reserved for future purposes.
Stronger RESET circuit.
LCD1
13
12
10
11
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
LM016L
DUINO1
AREF
PB4/MISO
PB0/ICP1/CLKO
PD7/AIN1
~ PD6/AIN0
PD5/T1
~ PD3/INT1
PD2/INT0
TX PD1/TXD
RX PD0/RXD
PB5/SCK
~PB3/MOSI/OC2A
~ PB2/SS/OC1B
~ PB1/OC1A
PD4/T0/XCK
ARDUINO UNO R3
~
DIGITAL (~PWM)
VDD
VSS
VEE
RW
RS
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
ATMEGA328P-PU
1121
microcontrolandos.blogspot.com
PC4/ADC4/SDA
PC5/ADC5/SCL
ANALOG IN
PC0/ADC0
PC1/ADC1
PC2/ADC2
PC3/ADC3
RESET
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. Arduino board
2. LCD
3. Resistor 1k
3.2.2 Working
LCD can be used in two modes- 4 bit mode or 8 bit mode. In 8 bit mode we
require 8 data pins and 3 control pins whereas in 4 bit mode, data is sent using
4 data pins and 3 control pins.
R/W pin is always grounded so we require only 6 pins in 4 bit mode, thus
saving no of pins.
First initialize the library and then define pins using the command
LiquidCrystallcd(RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7), pins are assigned in this order.
LiquidCrystallcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2), here RS pin to 12, Enable pin to 11, D4 pin
to 5, D5 pin to 4, D6 pin to 3 and D7 pin to 2 respectively.
Then in setup function write the message to display as lcd .print
We can print message anywhere in the LCD by selecting column and row, it’s
done by writing lcd.setCursor(column, row). However there is one thing to
consider, that’s the number of columns and rows start from zero. For example,
to print a message on 2nd row 1st column, write “lcd.setCursor(0,1);” before
the print command. Similarly for 5th column and 3rd row, we write
lcd.setCursor(4,2).
You can use “lcd.write()” to send characters. To print zero on 2nd colum 2nd
row, type lcd.setCursor(1,1); lcd.write(48); where 48 is the decimal equivalent
for ACII ‘0’.
3.2.3 Interfacing LCD with Arduino programming
Let’s summarize our program into the following steps.
Step1: Initialize the library for LCD.
Step2: Define LCD columns and rows in setup function.
Step3: Write the data to display.
Step4: If you want to display variables on LCD, write it in loop
function. Loop function is a must for all arduino sketches.Dept
3.3 THERMISTER
PARAMETER
THERMISTOR
RTD
Dept EEE KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page15
3.3.3 ADVANTAGES
Durable
Long lasting
Highly sensitive
Small size
Lowest cost
Best for measuring single point temperature
Best response time
Linear output
Widest operating temperature range
Best for measuring a range of temperatures
Moderately expensive
Linear output
Moderately expensive
Linear output
3.3.4 Disadvantages
Nonlinear output
Limited temperature range
Slow response time
Expensive
Low sensitivity
Limited temperature range
Low sensitivity
Large size
Slowest response time
Limited temperature range
Low sensitivity
Large size
Dept EEE KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page16
SMART GREEN HOUSE SYSTEM
The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric
content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil
moisture needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors
measure the volumetric water content not directly with the help of some other
rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction
with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.
The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should
be adjusted & may change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of
soil, otherwise electric conductivity. The microwave emission which is
reflected can be influenced by the moisture of soil as well as mainly used in
agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.
These sensors normally used to check volumetric water content, and another
group of sensors calculates a new property of moisture within soils named
water potential. Generally, these sensors are named as soil water potential
sensors which include gypsum blocks and tensiometer.
This module also includes a potentiometer that will fix the threshold value, &
the value can be evaluated by the comparator-LM393. The LED will turn
on/off based on the threshold value.
This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge the water content of the soil
(dielectric permittivity). The working of this sensor can be done by inserting
this sensor into the earth and the status of the water content in the soil can
be reported in the form of a percent.
Specifications
Agriculture
Landscape irrigation
Research
Simple sensors for gardeners
Dept EEE KLS VDIT, Haliyal Page19
SMART GREEN HOUSE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED WORK
POWER SUPPLY
TERMISTOR BATTERY
LCD
ARDUINO
UNO
RELAY
SOIL MOISTURE
SENSOR
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM
4.1.1 MODEL
Front view
LCD display
5 .1 Advantages :
5.2 Disadvantages
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES