Patterns and Relationships: Student

C
Series
Student
Patterns and
Relationships
My name
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Series C – Patterns and Relationships
Contents
Topic 1 – Patterns and rules (pp. 1–17) Date completed
l repeating patterns__________________________ / /
l translating patterns_________________________ / /
l growing patterns___________________________ / /
l recording patterns in tables___________________ / /
l skip counting______________________________ / /
l function rules______________________________ / /
Topic 2 – Number relationships (pp. 18–40)

l equality and inequality______________________ / /
l equivalence_______________________________ / /
l finding the unknown________________________ / /
l combinations______________________________ / /
l equivalent statements_______________________ / /
l turnarounds_______________________________ / /
l zero_____________________________________ / /
Series Author:
Rachel Flenley
Copyright ©
Patterns and rules – repeating patterns
We are used to continuing repeated patterns.    ___

 ___  ___

But what if the pattern rule is in the middle?
___ ___ ___    ___ ___ ___

What strategies can you use to continue these patterns both ways?
1 Continue these patterns both ways.
a   
b   
2 Create your own pattern rules in the grey boxes. Swap with a
partner and continue each other’s patterns both ways.
Patterns and Relationships C 1 1

Copyright © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Patterns follow very strict rules. Look at this pattern.

        
The rule is    The pattern repeats

circle triangle square this rule over and over.
1 Circle the rule in each repeating pattern. Record it below.
The rule is
The rule is
2 Make up a rule and record it somewhere secret. Draw your rule

(or make it with blocks) and repeat it over and over. Ask a partner to
identify your pattern rule and record it here. Tick it if they were right.
2 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

SERIES TOPIC Copyright © 3P Learning
If there is no rule, it is NOT a pattern.
 
This is not a pattern, it is just a row of shapes.
1 Look at these rows. Tick the ones that follow a pattern rule.
a          
2 Look at these rows. They started off as patterns but went a bit astray.
Circle the parts that don’t follow the patterns and give the rows a
good telling off. Tell them there are many rows that would like to
be patterns and if they can’t do it properly, you’ll give the job to
other rows.
a          
b          

Patterns and rules – translating patterns
We can make patterns speak in different languages.

We call this translating.
Say this pattern out loud. 
We can change it to
Say it out loud now.
1 Look at this pattern. Translate it by changing each shape.
Plan it here: = = =
           
2 a Think of a simple pattern rule you could make using 3 different

pattern blocks.
Record it here.
b Make your rule with pattern blocks and repeat it 5 times.
c Ask a partner to translate your pattern using different pattern blocks.
d Record their translated rule here.

Patterns and rules – growing patterns
Some patterns repeat. 

Some patterns grow. When they grow, they must still follow a rule.
The rule for this pattern is ‘+ 1  ’
  
    
1 Work out the rule and draw the next part of each pattern.
a    
 
The rule is + _______
     
b    
 
The rule is + _______
The rule is + ____ and + ____
2 Make your own growing pattern with blocks. Record the rule and the
first few parts of the pattern here.

Patterns can also shrink. Look at this pattern.
It follows a −2 rule.
In each stage we have
2 fewer blocks.
7 5 3 1
You will need: a partner counters
What to do:
Start with 10 counters.          
Take some away so there are only 7 left.       
Then take some more away so there are only 4 left.    
Now take some away so there is only 1 left. 
a How many counters are you taking away each time? ______
b What is the rule? ______
What to do next: 


Think of a different take away rule. 
Write it somewhere secret. Don’t let 
your partner see!

Put out 20 counters in a row. Then put out your
next row of counters following your take away rule.
Continue until your last row would have zero counters.
Guess each other’s secret rule!

1 Follow each rule and keep the number patterns growing or shrinking.
You can use counters to help.
a 5 +5 10 +5 +5 +5
The rule is _______
b 0 +__ 2 +__ +__ 6 +__
The rule is _______
c 10 ___ 9 ___ ___ ___ 6
The rule is _______
2 Look at the patterns. Can you work out each rule?
a 2 4 6 8 10
The rule is _______
b 25 20 15 10 5
The rule is _______

You will need: a partner a black pencil
What to do:
Each week this ladybug develops more spots according to a secret rule.
Work out the secret rule and draw the spots we would see in Weeks 4,
5 and 6.
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
What is the
secret rule?
Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 ____________
What to do next:
Can you work out how many spots the ladybug would have when it is
10 weeks old without drawing them on? If you can, explain how you
did it. If not, draw them.

Patterns and rules – recording patterns in tables
We can record patterns by

drawing them. Look at this
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
growing pattern.
Stage 1 2 3
We can also record the
same patterns in a table. Number of 2 4 6
1 Record each growing pattern in its table.
Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Number
of
Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Number
4
of
c Can you work out how many matchsticks would be in stage 5?

Add it to the table and tell someone how you did it.

Patterns and rules – recording patterns in tables
We can record repeating patterns in tables as well.
Look at this pattern: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

The rule is Stage 1 2 3
Now we repeat it. Number of 2 4 6
How many counters have we
used at the end of Stage 3? Number of 1 2 3
1 Record the repeating pattern in the table.
The rule is
Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Number of 2 4
Number of 1 2
2 Create your own repeating pattern using 2 different colours of cubes.

Record the first 5 stages in the table. Show your pattern and table
to your teacher.
The rule is
Stage 1 2 3 4 5
Number of 
Number of 

Patterns and rules – skip counting
When we skip count, we follow number patterns.
1 Count by 2s to find how many wheels.
2 4
2 Count by 5s to find how many toes.
3 Count by 2s to fill in the gaps. Watch out! Your starting point is not 2.
You can use a hundred grid to help.
5 7 13 19
4 Count by 5s to fill in the gaps. Watch out! Your starting point is not 5.
3 8 13 23 28
What pattern do you notice?

1 Finish the grid. Try going down the columns, not across the rows.
Can you find and follow the patterns?
1 2 3 4 5 7 9
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
21 23 24 25 29
31 32 33 35 37 39
41 43 45 49
52 54 56 58 60
62 63 66 67
71 74 78 80
84 86
92 95 97 99 100
2 Now colour the chart above like this.

a If you say the number when you count by 2s, give it a yellow stripe.
b If you say the number when you count by 5s, give it a green stripe.
c If you say the number when you count by 10s, give it a red stripe.
3 What do you notice:

a about the numbers that have 3 stripes?
b about the numbers that only have a green stripe?
c about the numbers that have a yellow stripe?

Calculators can help us learn more about number patterns.
You will need: a calculator
What to do:
a Press 5 + = =
What number appears? ________
Keep pressing =
What is the calculator counting by? ________
b Press 10 + = =
What number appears? ________
Keep pressing =
What is the calculator counting by? ________
What to do next: How smart am I!

I can count by 23s.
Choose your own number to skip count by. Write 23 … 46 … 69 … 92 …
it in the first box. Press your number and + = =
Write each new answer in the boxes below.

Patterns and rules – function rules
Meet the Rule family. +2

The Rules like to do +5
everything the same
way. They ALWAYS
get up at the same
time every day and −1
they ALWAYS eat
the same thing for
breakfast. Mr Rule
eats 2 boiled eggs,
×2
Mrs Rule eats muesli,
Freddy likes Weetbix Mr Rule Mrs Rule Freddy Fonnie
and Fonnie loves Rule Rule
toast with jam. They ALWAYS go to work or school the same way
at the same time. Get the picture?
You can rely on the Rules. And if you give them a number, each of
them will ALWAYS do the same thing to it.
1 Let’s give Mr Rule some numbers. He always adds 2 to them.

Fill in the missing numbers below.
Give Mr Rule this +2 and he will give you this.
2 4
3 5
4
5
10 12
Patterns and rules – function rules (continued)
2 Now let’s give Mrs Rule some numbers. She is a + 5 woman.
Give Mrs Rule this +5 and she will give you this.
5 10
3
1
2
7 12
3 What about the kids? Freddy likes to ×2 and Fonnie is a −1 kind

of girl.
Give Get Give

−1 Get
2 10
5 23
3 32
×2
4 15
10 44
4 Uncles Lester and Leroy Rule have flown in from New York.
Their numbers arrived with them, but unfortunately their rules seem
to be lost in transit. Look closely at the numbers and see if you can
work out each uncle’s rule. Write it.
Give Get Give Get
7 8 10 20
9 10 6 16
14 15 9 19
11 12 11 21
22 23 17 27
Uncle Lester Uncle Leroy
5 Aunt Freckle has also Give Get

arrived. She says you
can make up the rule.
Make up your own
5
rule and write it on 2
the sign. Work out
what you’ll get. 12
10
7
Aunt Freckle

You will need: a partner coloured pencils
What to do:
Design your own member of the Rule family. Give them a name and
their own style.
My rule
Give Get
What to do next:
Think of a simple rule and write it in the box. Write some numbers in
the ‘Give’ column. Don’t make them too hard! Work out the answers
that will appear in the ‘Get’ column and write them down somewhere
secret. Show your teacher.
Switch papers with a partner and work out the answers for each other’s
character. Check their thinking.
Number relationships – equality and inequality
This is the equals sign = It means the same.

Things can be the same or = in lots of ways.
same length same weight same height

How else can things be the same?
1 Draw:
a A tree that is the same b A fish that is the same
height. length.
= =
If things are not the same or not equal we put a line through the
equals sign. ≠
2 Draw:
a A person who is not b A caterpillar that is not
the same height. the same length.
≠ ≠

Number relationships – equivalence
You will need: a partner coloured pencils scissors
a copy of page 20
What to do:
Colour the rods on
page 20 and cut them
out carefully
Look at the brown rod.
Now put a yellow and a
light green rod together.
What do you notice?
Together, a yellow and
a light green rod are
the same length as a
brown rod.
We can record this as: yellow + light green = brown
or y + lg = b
How many different rod combinations can you find that are the same
length as the brown rod?
Record your findings below.


white
copy
red
light green
purple
yellow
dark green
black
brown
blue
orange
What to do next:
Choose a different rod and find combinations that match it.

You will need: a partner the rods from page 20
What to do:
This time, can you work out what the missing rods might be? Colour the
words below and use the rods from page 20 to help you.
a red + light green = ______________
b yellow + white = ______________
c light green + ______________ = purple
d yellow = ______________ + white
What to do next:
Design 3 of your own problems and get your partner to solve them.
Record the problems and solutions here.

=
In Maths we often use when we are talking about the same
amount of things. To help us decide if amounts are equal, we can
think about balancing them on a scale.
Are these the same amount? Yes, there are 4 on each side.
1 Is each scale balanced? This means it has the same amount on both
sides. If it is, write =. If it isn’t balanced, write ≠.
a b
c d
2 Draw more counters on the left of each scale to make the sides equal.
How many did you draw each time? Write it in the box.
a b
I drew I drew
c d
I drew I drew

Did you know that we are balancing or making the sides the same
when we solve number problems?
Think about 2 + 2 = 4.
On the scales it looks like this.
2 + 2 = 4 is another way of saying 2 and 2 is the same as 4.
1 Write the addition problems shown on each scale 2 ways.

Say them out loud to a partner.
a b
3 + 2 = 5 ___ + ___ = 4
3 and ___ is the same as 5 ___ and ___ is the same as ___
c d
___ + ___ = ___ ___ + ___ = ___

___ and ___ is the same as ___ ___ and ___ is the same as ___
2 Now draw the missing counters and fill in the missing numbers.
a b
5 + 4 = 9 4 + 4 = ___
___ and ___ is the same as 9 ___ and 4 is the same as ___

We are balancing or making sides the same when we solve all

kinds of number problems, not just addition problems.
4 − 2 = 2
This shows that 4 subtract 2 is the same as 2.
1 Write the subtraction problems shown on each scale.
a b
5 − ____ = 3 ____ − ____ = 4
c d
____ − ____ = ____ ____ − ____ = ____
This shows that 3 rows of 2

3 × 2 = 6
is the same as 1 row of 6.
2 Fill in the missing numbers to match each scale.
a b
2 × 4 = ____ 3 × ____ = ____

Number relationships – finding the unknown
Sometimes we have to work out the missing part of a problem. We

call this finding the unknown. We can use symbols like squares or
circles to stand for what we don’t know.
Think about 2 +  = 5 Look at the scale:
How many more counters do we need to add

to the left side to equal 5? We add 3 more.
Our unknown is 3. 2 + 3 = 5
1 Put on your detective cap and find the unknowns in these problems.
Draw more counters on the left of each scale to make the sides
equal. Fill in the missing numbers below to match.
a 3 +  = 6 b 5 +  = ____
3
The unknown is ____ The unknown is ____
3 + 3 = 6 5 + ____ = ____
c 1 +  = 5 d 4 +  = ____
The unknown is ____ The unknown is ____
____ + ____ = ____ ____ + ____ = ____

Number relationships – finding the unknown
You will need: counters
What to do:
Help! While at a party, someone stole some lollies from these children’s
party bags. Your job is to work out how many lollies are missing from
each bag.
Pretend counters are the lollies and work out the unknown amount.
Write it in the number sentence.
I had
I had 10 I had
8 lollies lollies 9 lollies
and and and
now now now
there there there
are only are only are only
3 left! 4 left! 2 left!
Melody Hoa Jack
8 –  = 3 10 –  = 4 9 –  = 2
8 – ___ = 3 10 – ___ = 4 9 – ___ = 2
What to do next:
These kids on the right had 18 lollies
16 lollies 12 lollies
already eaten all their lollies.
They say a mum gave them
some more but 1 person
is not telling the truth.
This person has exactly
the number of stolen lollies.
Who stole the lollies?
Thomas
Ellie Danny

Number relationships – combinations
We can make the sides of a problem equal in many different ways.

How can we make 5?
0 + 5 = 5 
or 1 + 4 = 5 
or 2 + 3 = 5 
or 3 + 2 = 5 
or 4 + 1 = 5 
or 5 + 0 = 5 
Do you notice the patterns?
1 How can we make 7? Choose 2 coloured pencils. Colour the counters

to show the different ways. Write the matching number sentences.
0 + ____
____ 7 = 7       
1 + ____ = 7
____       
____ + ____ = 7       
____ + ____ = 7       
____ + ____ = 7       
____ + ____ = 7       
____ + ____ = 7       
____ + ____ = 7       

2 Now you have the hang of this, can you find all the possibilities for
these without using counters? If you still want to use counters, that’s
fine too.
a 6 b 8
0 + 6 =
6 0 + 8 = 8
1 + ____ = 6 1 + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 6 ____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 6 ____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 6 ____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 6 ____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 6 ____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 8
____ + ____ = 8
3 Fill in the missing numbers in these addition combinations.
a 0 + 4 = ____ b ____ + 2 = 2
1 + ____ = 4 1 + ____ = 2
2 + 2 = ____ 2 + ____ = 2
____ + 1 = 4
____ + 0 = 4

What to do:
What subtraction problems can you think of that equal 5?
 –  = 5
Work with your partner to find at least 10 options. Can you find patterns
to help you? Record your answers below.
5 – 0 = 5
6 – 1 = 5
What to do next:
Can you find more than 10 options?

You will need: a partner scissors pages 31 and 32
1 In a park we might find
3
a How many legs does each creature have? Write the numbers in
the boxes above.
b If there are 4 legs in the park one day, who could be there?
There could be:
2 kids 2 birds
1 kid and 1 bird 1 dog
There couldn’t be a butterfly as it has 6 legs.

There couldn’t be a spider as it has 8 legs.
There couldn’t be an old lady as she has 3 legs (if we include
her walking stick)!
Number relationships – combinations (continued)
What to do:
Work with your partner to work out who could be in the park if there
are 10 legs. You can cut out the people and animals on page 32 to
help you.
Record your findings here.
What to do next:
Compare your findings with those of another group. Have they found any
different ones? How will you know when you have found all the options?
Ready for a challenge? What if there were 24 legs in the park? You will
need another piece of paper to record your findings on.

(continued)
copy


Number relationships – equivalent statements
What is one way to make 5? 4 + 1 = 5

What is another way to make 5? 2 + 3 = 5
They both make 5 so they are the same.
They are equivalent statements.
4 + 1 = 2 + 3
They both = 5
1 Fill in the missing numbers for these equivalent statements.
a b c
6+1=5+2 4 + __ = 5 + __ __ + __ = __ + __
They both = ___ They both = ___ They both = ___
2 Use 2 colours and draw counters on the right side of these scales
to create equivalent statements. Fill in the missing numbers.
a b c
4 + 3 = __ + __ __ + __ = __ + __ __ + __ = __ + __
They both = ___ They both = ___ They both = ___
a statement is
equivalent means the same or equal
a number fact

3 + 2 = 1 + 5 What to do:
4 + 7 = 9 + 2
5 + 3 = 3 + 8 Wally has created 6 sets
9 + 6 = 10 + 4 of equivalent statements
1 + 7 = 4 + 4 and is very proud
5 + 5 = 2 + 8 of himself.
Unfortunately, 3 of them
are wrong.
Poor Wally.
Help put a smile back on
Wally’s face by finding
the mistakes. In each
box, show how you know
which ones are wrong
and which are right.
3 + 2 = 1 + 5 4 + 7 = 9 + 2 5 + 3 = 3 + 8
5 ≠ 6
9 + 6 = 10 + 4 1 + 7 = 4 + 4 5 + 5 = 2 + 8
a statement is
equivalent means the same or equal
a number fact

You will need: a partner a copy of this page
10 counters in 4 different colours, 40 in all copy
What to do:
Divide up the coloured counters so you have 2 different colours each.
You should have 20 counters. Mix up your own counters. Decide who
will go first.
Player 1: take a handful of your own counters. Count how many
counters you have altogether and how they are made up. For example,
you might have 12 counters: 4 red and 8 blue. Write 12 in the small
box and the addition statement you have made.
______ + ______ = ______ + ______
Player 2: make an equivalent statement with your own counters. Fill in

your statement on the other side of the equals sign.
What to do next:
Swap jobs and make 3 more sets of equivalent statements. If you want
to add some excitement, you could add a time limit or a penalty for
an incorrect answer. How about 5 push ups for an incorrect statement?
______ + ______ = ______ + ______
______ + ______ = ______ + ______
______ + ______ = ______ + ______

Number relationships – turnarounds
A turnaround means we can put the

numbers before the equals sign in any
6 + 7 = 13
6 and 7 13 is
order and we still get the same number are before after
after the equals sign.
Can we make turnarounds when we add?
What about when we subtract?
1 Answer these pairs of addition problems.
a 12 + 1 = 13 b 11 + 3 = ____ c 3 + 6 = ____
1 + 12 = ____ 3 + 11 = ____ 6 + 3 = ____
d 5 + 2 = ____ e 1 + 22 = ____ f 14 + 4 = ____

2 + 5 = ____ 22 + 1 = ____ 4 + 14 = ____
g Can we make turnarounds when we add?
2 Now try these subtraction problems. If you can’t work out the answer,
draw a .
a 5 – 2 = ____ b 6 – 4 = ____ c 7 – 4 = ____
2 – 5 = ____ 4 – 6 = ____ 4 – 7 = ____
d Can you do all these problems? Do the answers in each pair match?
e Can we make turnarounds when we subtract?

We know we can make turnarounds when we add.

We know we can’t make turnarounds when we subtract.
What about when we multiply?
1 Use the dots to help you solve these pairs of multiplication problems.
If you think they are turnarounds, tick them.
a 3 rows of 5 = 15 5 rows of 3 = ___
b 5 rows of ___ = ___ ___ rows of ___ = ___
c 4 × 3 = ___ ___ × ___ = ___
d 6 × ___ = ___ ___ × ___ = ___
e Can we make turnarounds when we multiply?
This is a row.

Look at these scales. We can see

that 3 rows of 2 are the same as 6 6
2 rows of 3. Our turnarounds are:
3 × 2 = 6 2 × 3 = 6
1 Look at the scales and write the turnarounds to match.
a 2 × ___ = ___ Remember

this is
___ × ___ = ___ a row!
b ___ × ___ = ___

___ × ___ = ___
c ___ × ___ = ___

___ × ___ = ___
2 Draw some turnarounds on the scales and get a partner to write the
matching statements. Are they right?
a ___ × ___ = ___

___ × ___ = ___
b ___ × ___ = ___

___ × ___ = ___
Number relationships – zero
1 Do you know any other words for zero? Write them here.
2 What happens when we add zero to a number or a number to zero?

Try these.
a 13 + 0 = ___ b 19 + 0 = ___ c 23 + 0 = ___
d 0 + 4 = ___ e 0 + 27 = ___ f 0 + 38 = ___
g What do you notice?
3 What about if we subtract zero from a number? Try these.
a 10 – 0 = ___ b 13 – 0 = ___ c 8 – 0 = ___
d 67 – 0 = ___ e 16 – 0 = ___ f 28 – 0 = ___
g What do you notice?
4 What is the largest ‘add zero’ problem you can think of? Write it here.

Number relationships – zero
What happens when we use zero in multiplication problems?

Think about 6 × 0 =  or 0 × 6 = 
Let’s explore.
1 You are at a cake shop. There are 6 plates, and on each plate there
are 2 cakes. Draw the cakes on the plates.
How many cakes do you have? 6 × ___ = ___

___
2 Now draw 0 cakes on each of the plates.
6 × ___ = ___ Sad, but true.

How many cakes do you have now? ___
3 The cake shop lady says you can have as many cakes as you like but
only if you put them on plates. You look everywhere but can’t find
any plates. How many cakes can you have?
0 × ___ = ___
___ It’s OK to cry a little.
4 What happens when you multiply by zero?


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Published 3P Learning Ltd

Designed 3P Learning Ltd

l recording patterns in tables___________________ / /

Topic 2 – Number relationships (pp. 18–40)

l finding the unknown________________________ / /

We are used to continuing repeated patterns.    ___

___ ___ ___    ___ ___ ___

1 Continue these patterns both ways.

Patterns and Relationships C 1 1

Patterns follow very strict rules. Look at this pattern.

The rule is    The pattern repeats

1 Circle the rule in each repeating pattern. Record it below.

2 Make up a rule and record it somewhere secret. Draw your rule

2 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

If there is no rule, it is NOT a pattern.

Patterns and Relationships C 1 3

We can make patterns speak in different languages.

1 Look at this pattern. Translate it by changing each shape.

2 a Think of a simple pattern rule you could make using 3 different

b Make your rule with pattern blocks and repeat it 5 times.

c Ask a partner to translate your pattern using different pattern blocks.

d Record their translated rule here.

4 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

Some patterns repeat. 

The rule is + _______

The rule is + ____ and + ____

Patterns and Relationships C 1 5

Patterns can also shrink. Look at this pattern.

You will need: a partner counters

b What is the rule? ______

What to do next: 

Write it somewhere secret. Don’t let 

your partner see!

6 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

b 0 +__ 2 +__ +__ 6 +__

The rule is _______

c 10 ___ 9 ___ ___ ___ 6

The rule is _______

2 Look at the patterns. Can you work out each rule?

The rule is _______

The rule is _______

You will need: a partner a black pencil

Week 1 Week 2 Week 3

Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 ____________

8 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

We can record patterns by

1 Record each growing pattern in its table.

c Can you work out how many matchsticks would be in stage 5?

Patterns and Relationships C 1 9

We can record repeating patterns in tables as well.

Look at this pattern: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

1 Record the repeating pattern in the table.

2 Create your own repeating pattern using 2 different colours of cubes.

10 C 1 Patterns and Relationships

When we skip count, we follow number patterns.

1 Count by 2s to find how many wheels.

l recording patterns in tables___________________ / /

l finding the unknown________________________ / /

_ _ _    _ _ _

1 Circle the rule in each repeating pattern. Record it below.

2 Make up a rule and record it somewhere secret. Draw your rule

2 a Think of a simple pattern rule you could make using 3 different

c Ask a partner to translate your pattern using different pattern blocks.

The rule is + and +

b 0 + 2 + + 6 +

c 10 _ 9 _ _ _ 6

c Can you work out how many matchsticks would be in stage 5?

2 Create your own repeating pattern using 2 different colours of cubes.

1 Let’s give Mr Rule some numbers. He always adds 2 to them.

3 What about the kids? Freddy likes to ×2 and Fonnie is a −1 kind

5 Aunt Freckle has also Give Get

1 Write the addition problems shown on each scale 2 ways.

_ + _ = _ _ + _ = _

5 − = 3 − = 4

− = − =

2 × 4 = 3 × =

The unknown is The unknown is

+ = + =

8 – _ = 3 10 – _ = 4 9 – ___ = 2

1 How can we make 7? Choose 2 coloured pencils. Colour the counters

+ = 6 + = 8

+ = 6 + = 8

+ = 6 + = 8

+ = 6 + = 8

+ = 6 + = 8

3 Fill in the missing numbers in these addition combinations.